DE102011018471A1 - Device, useful for producing carbon monoxide from gaseous mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, comprises metal electrodes directly arranged in reactor housing, discharge leader arranged between electrodes, and discharge line - Google Patents
Device, useful for producing carbon monoxide from gaseous mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, comprises metal electrodes directly arranged in reactor housing, discharge leader arranged between electrodes, and discharge line Download PDFInfo
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- DE102011018471A1 DE102011018471A1 DE102011018471A DE102011018471A DE102011018471A1 DE 102011018471 A1 DE102011018471 A1 DE 102011018471A1 DE 102011018471 A DE102011018471 A DE 102011018471A DE 102011018471 A DE102011018471 A DE 102011018471A DE 102011018471 A1 DE102011018471 A1 DE 102011018471A1
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- discharge
- hydrogen
- carbon dioxide
- carbon monoxide
- reactor housing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/087—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/40—Carbon monoxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0803—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
- B01J2219/0805—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
- B01J2219/0807—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges involving electrodes
- B01J2219/0809—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges involving electrodes employing two or more electrodes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0803—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
- B01J2219/0805—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
- B01J2219/0807—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges involving electrodes
- B01J2219/0824—Details relating to the shape of the electrodes
- B01J2219/0826—Details relating to the shape of the electrodes essentially linear
- B01J2219/0828—Wires
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0803—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
- B01J2219/0805—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
- B01J2219/0807—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges involving electrodes
- B01J2219/0837—Details relating to the material of the electrodes
- B01J2219/0841—Metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
- B01J2219/0881—Two or more materials
- B01J2219/0883—Gas-gas
Abstract
Description
Technisches GebietTechnical area
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Produktion von Kohlenstoffmonoxid (CO) aus einem Gasgemisch aus Kohlenstoffdioxid (CO2) und Wasserstoff (H2) mittels hochfrequenter Hochspannungsentladungen.The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for the production of carbon monoxide (CO) from a gas mixture of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ) by means of high-frequency high-voltage discharges.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Üblicherweise wird großtechnisch Kohlenstoffmonoxid hauptsächlich entweder durch sauerstoffarme Verbrennung von fossilen Brennstoffen nach der Reaktionsgleichung:
Labortechnisch wird Kohlenstoffmonoxid für gewöhnlich durch Zersetzung von Ameisensäure nach der Gleichung:
Ferner sind zur großtechnischen Produktion von Kohlenstoffmonoxid verschiedene Verfahren und Vorrichtungen unter Wirkung elektrischer Entladungen zur Nutzbarmachung von als Abfallprodukt fossiler Verbrennungsprozesse in der Industrie auftretendem und als Klimakiller verrufenem Kohlenstoffdioxid bekannt geworden.Further, for large-scale production of carbon monoxide, various methods and devices have become known under the action of electrical discharges for utilization of carbon dioxide occurring as a by-product of fossil combustion processes in the industry and called a climate killer.
So ist es aus der
In der
Beide vorgenannten Verfahren basieren somit auf einer sogenannten stillen oder stromschwachen Entladung, bei denen zwischen zwei oder mehr durch ein Dielektrikum isolierte Entladungsplatten eine Spannung erzeugt wird, welche die Bindung der Eingangsgasmoleküle aufbricht. Letzteres Verfahren bedingt den Einsatz eines Brenngases (CH4).Both aforementioned methods are thus based on a so-called silent or low-current discharge, in which between two or more discharge plates insulated by a dielectric, a voltage is generated which breaks up the binding of the input gas molecules. The latter method requires the use of a fuel gas (CH 4 ).
Aus der
In der
Aus der
Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Kohlenstoffmonoxid aus Kohlenstoffdioxid und Wasserstoff unter Abscheidung von Wasser energiearm in einem wahlweise kontinuierlichen oder diskontinuierlichen industriellen oder labortechnischen Prozess bei Atmosphärendruck oder höheren Arbeitsdrücken und ohne äußere Wärmezuführung und ohne Verwendung irgendeines Katalysators zu erzeugen.The invention has for its object to produce carbon monoxide from carbon dioxide and hydrogen with deposition of water low energy in an optional continuous or discontinuous industrial or laboratory process at atmospheric pressure or higher working pressures and without external heat input and without the use of any catalyst.
Die Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 und 6 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen geben die Unteransprüche an.The object is solved by the features of
Die Erfindung beruht auf Leaderentladungen geringer Leistung zwischen kurzen Luftfunkenstrecken mit nur wenige Millimeter bis Zentmeter betragenden Elektrodenabständen, wobei die notwendige Thermoionisation eine hochfrequente Hochspannung voraussetzt. Der Gesamtprozess erfolgt endotherm als umgekehrte Wassergas-Shift-Reaktion:
Die notwendige Energie wird dem Prozess durch die elektrische Leaderentladung zugeführt.The necessary energy is supplied to the process by the electric Leaderentladung.
Von eminentem Vorteil gegenüber bekannten Verfahren zur Vergasung fossiler Brennstoffe zu Kohlenstoffmonoxid oder elektrokatalytischen Umwandlung von Methan zu Kohlenstoffmonoxid ist die bei Raumtemperatur und Normalluftdruck sowohl für eine labortechnische als auch in einer Reaktorbatterie für eine industrieelle Großproduktion geeignete Gewinnung von Kohlenstoffmonoxid mit vergleichsweise sehr einfachem apparativem Aufwand, geringem Energieverbrauch und hoher Ausbeute. Eine erfindungsgemäße Anlage ist kurzzeitig zu- und abschaltbar und entsprechend der zur Verfügung stehenden Gas- und Energiemengen auch regelbar.From eminent advantage over known methods for gasification of fossil fuels to carbon monoxide or electrocatalytic conversion of methane to carbon monoxide is the suitable at room temperature and normal air pressure both for a laboratory and in a reactor battery for large-scale industrial production of carbon monoxide with comparatively very simple equipment, low Energy consumption and high yield. A system according to the invention can be switched on and off for a short time and can also be regulated in accordance with the available gas and energy quantities.
Das Kohlenstoffdioxid kann aus der Atmosphäre oder aus CO2-haltigen Emissionen mit Hilfe von Molekularsieben abgetrennt werden, womit zugleich dem Treibhauseffekt entgegengesteuert wird, der Wasserstoff kann beispielsweise vorteilhaft durch Elektrolyse von Wasser unter Nutzung von zeitweilig überschüssiger regenerativ gewonnener Solarenergie, Wind- oder Wasserkraft erzeugt werden. Alternativ kann Wasserstoff durch Spaltung von Schwefelwasserstoff (H2S) erzeugt werden. Mit dem gewonnenen Kohlenstoffmonoxid lässt sich beispielsweise am Ort der Wasserstofferzeugung in einem Reaktor Methan synthetisieren, aber auch Methanol, Ethanol, Benzin oder Dieselkraftstoff, welche einen sehr großen Energiegehalt besitzen, unter Atmosphärendruck flüssig sind und sich im Vergleich zu Wasserstoff problemlos in Tanks speichern oder z. B. mit Fahrzeugen oder Rohrleitungen zum Verbraucher, wie Kraftwerke oder Tankstellen, transportieren lassen.The carbon dioxide can be separated from the atmosphere or from CO 2 -containing emissions with the help of molecular sieves, which at the same time counteracts the greenhouse effect; for example, the hydrogen can be advantageously produced by electrolysis of water using temporary excessively regenerative solar energy, wind or water power become. Alternatively, hydrogen can be generated by cleavage of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S). With the carbon monoxide obtained can be synthesized, for example, at the site of hydrogen production in a reactor methane, but also methanol, ethanol, gasoline or diesel fuel, which have a very high energy content, are liquid under atmospheric pressure and easily stored in tanks compared to hydrogen or z , B. with vehicles or pipelines to the consumer, such as power plants or gas stations, transport.
Ausführungsbeispielembodiment
Die Erfindung soll anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert werden. In den zugehörigen Zeichnungen zeigen:The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment. In the accompanying drawings show:
Gemäß
In
Zur Minimierung des Abbrands der Elektroden sollen sich gemäß
Im Modellversuch mit einem Einzelreaktor erwiesen sich ein Spannungsgradient von 1 kV/cm bis 1,5 kV/cm, eine Stromstärke von 5 mA bis 12 mA und eine Wechselspannungsfrequenz von 360 kHz für die Thermoionisation eines beispielhaft eingeleiteten 1:1-Gasgemischs aus CO2 und H2 und einen Durchsatz von 30 l/h für eine Ausbeute von mindestens 15% CO im Abgasstrom als völlig ausreichend.In the model experiment with a single reactor, a voltage gradient of 1 kV / cm to 1.5 kV / cm, a current of 5 mA to 12 mA and an AC voltage of 360 kHz for the thermal ionization of an exemplary introduced 1: 1 gas mixture of CO 2 proved and H 2 and a flow rate of 30 l / h for a yield of at least 15% CO in the exhaust stream as completely sufficient.
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- DE 4220865 A1 [0005] DE 4220865 A1 [0005]
- DE 19757936 A1 [0006] DE 19757936 A1 [0006]
- DE 10163474 A1 [0008] DE 10163474 A1 [0008]
- DE 2824212 A1 [0009] DE 2824212 A1 [0009]
- DE 19735362 A1 [0010] DE 19735362 A1 [0010]
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102011018471A DE102011018471A1 (en) | 2011-04-23 | 2011-04-23 | Device, useful for producing carbon monoxide from gaseous mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, comprises metal electrodes directly arranged in reactor housing, discharge leader arranged between electrodes, and discharge line |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102011018471A DE102011018471A1 (en) | 2011-04-23 | 2011-04-23 | Device, useful for producing carbon monoxide from gaseous mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, comprises metal electrodes directly arranged in reactor housing, discharge leader arranged between electrodes, and discharge line |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE102011018471A1 true DE102011018471A1 (en) | 2012-10-25 |
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DE102011018471A Withdrawn DE102011018471A1 (en) | 2011-04-23 | 2011-04-23 | Device, useful for producing carbon monoxide from gaseous mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, comprises metal electrodes directly arranged in reactor housing, discharge leader arranged between electrodes, and discharge line |
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Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2824212A1 (en) | 1975-12-13 | 1979-12-06 | Iwatani & Co | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING CARBON MONOXYDE FROM CARBON DIOXYDE |
DE4220865A1 (en) | 1991-08-15 | 1993-02-18 | Asea Brown Boveri | Hydrogenation of carbon di:oxide esp. to methane or methanol in plasma - which can operate at low temp. and low pressure, using hydrogen@ or water vapour |
DE19735362A1 (en) | 1996-08-14 | 1998-02-19 | Fujitsu Ltd | Gas synthesis reactor using synergistic combination of catalysis and gas discharge |
DE19757936A1 (en) | 1997-12-27 | 1999-07-08 | Abb Research Ltd | Production of synthesis gas with given hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio in silent discharge |
DE10163474A1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-10 | Siemens Ag | Method and device for treating and / or reforming gaseous fuels and associated application |
-
2011
- 2011-04-23 DE DE102011018471A patent/DE102011018471A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2824212A1 (en) | 1975-12-13 | 1979-12-06 | Iwatani & Co | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING CARBON MONOXYDE FROM CARBON DIOXYDE |
DE4220865A1 (en) | 1991-08-15 | 1993-02-18 | Asea Brown Boveri | Hydrogenation of carbon di:oxide esp. to methane or methanol in plasma - which can operate at low temp. and low pressure, using hydrogen@ or water vapour |
DE19735362A1 (en) | 1996-08-14 | 1998-02-19 | Fujitsu Ltd | Gas synthesis reactor using synergistic combination of catalysis and gas discharge |
DE19757936A1 (en) | 1997-12-27 | 1999-07-08 | Abb Research Ltd | Production of synthesis gas with given hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio in silent discharge |
DE10163474A1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-10 | Siemens Ag | Method and device for treating and / or reforming gaseous fuels and associated application |
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