DE102011018457A1 - Charging station for vehicle, particularly electrically operated vehicle, has electric drive machine, drive device for delivering mechanical power, and mechanical coupling device - Google Patents

Abstract

The charging station (100) has an electric drive machine (152), a drive device (110) for delivering mechanical power, and a mechanical coupling device (130). The drive device is coupled with the electrical drive machine of the vehicle (150). A control device (120) is provided for controlling the drive device and for controlling the mechanical power during a utilizable brake mode of the electric drive machine. Independent claims are included for the following: (1) a charging device has a signal component; and (2) a method for charging an energy storage device of a vehicle.

Description

The present invention relates generally to vehicles that use at least one electric machine for propulsion and require an energy store that can be externally charged.

In the field of private transport, increasing the efficiency of vehicles is becoming increasingly important. This is often sought by the fact that at least one electric machine is provided, which is used directly for the propulsion of the vehicle. Examples of such vehicles already include available hybrid vehicles, in which the electric machine directly, so by providing mechanical energy to the drive wheels, contributes to the propulsion of the vehicle. Although in these hybrid vehicles so far a significant contribution of the drive power is generated by an internal combustion engine, there are increasing efforts to expand the electrical energy storage of such vehicles so that more and more routes can be covered purely electrically or at least with a high proportion of electrical energy the energy storage is then at least partially recharged by external, so not supplied by the engine energy.

In other vehicle concepts, the electric machine is used exclusively for propulsion of the vehicle, while additional equipment, such as combustion engines, fuel cells, and the like to provide the electrical energy or at least a substantial part thereof, in particular for covering longer distances use. There are also pure electric vehicles, in which the energy for propulsion is obtained exclusively from an entrained energy storage, which is therefore also charged regularly.

For this purpose, corresponding charging devices are carried in this vehicle, which can be connected to an external electrical connection box, so that the energy storage can be charged in accordance with the available external electrical energy and the performance of the entrained charger. The achievable charging times are essentially dependent on the load capacity of the external charging connection as well as on the size and the capacity of the internal accompanying charger.

Although more and more publicly available connection options for the entrained electric chargers are provided, a nationwide supply of electrical energy for charging energy storage of vehicles is not currently available. In particular, for such vehicles with electrical energy storage devices according to conventional charging techniques suitably designed to provide electrical chargers, where, depending on the design, certain components of the existing power electronics for the electric drive train are used, but still other components in particular for the voltage adjustment between external charging port and the internal voltage of the energy storage are required.

Furthermore, sometimes lacks a standardized connector for connecting the in-vehicle charger to electrical outlets of a charging station, so that usually common outlets are used for the usual power connection in the home and the charger then ensures the adaptation to the energy storage. Also, by the use of household common connector and matched chargers so that the amount of supplyable electrical energy significantly limited.

In light of the above situation, it is an object of the present invention to provide means for charging energy storage devices in vehicles, wherein one or more of the above problems are avoided or at least reduced in effect.

In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a charging station for a vehicle, wherein the vehicle has at least one electric machine used as a drive. The charging station comprises a drive device for delivering mechanical power and a mechanical coupling device which can be coupled to the drive device and the electric machine of the vehicle. Furthermore, the charging station comprises a control device for controlling the drive device and the mechanical power during a regenerative braking mode of the electric machine.

The charging station according to the invention is thus designed so that external mechanical energy and thus power can be transmitted to the electric machine of the vehicle, which in turn is in generator mode, so that the externally supplied mechanical power through the vehicle-internal components, ie by the electric machine and the coupled power electronics can be converted into electrical power. It is therefore preferably components used during the charging process, which are anyway part of the vehicle, without having to take into account special properties of the energy storage, the system voltage used, and the like. D. h., Typically, the power electronics of the electric machine and The electrical machine itself is designed to be suitable for efficiently converting the energy of the energy store into mechanical power with the desired height, in cooperation with the energy store of the vehicle. In the reverse direction can thus be demanded a desired high electrical power from the electric machine during the charging process, which is thus also converted in a very efficient manner into electrical power. For example, therefore, the charging power of the charging station can be very high, since usually the electric machine and the associated power electronics for high performance, such as the recuperation of the vehicle, are designed. The charging station, in turn, can provide the desired mechanical performance efficiently by means of electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic components, etc. as needed, without the need to adapt these components to vehicle-specific characteristics.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the coupling device is designed for mechanical coupling to at least one driven wheel of the vehicle. By this type of formation of the coupling device, it is possible to apply any kind of vehicle with external mechanical energy, without requiring significant modifications to the vehicle, or the vehicles can remain completely unchanged with regard to the coupling to the charging station. In one embodiment, the mechanical coupling may be such that, for example, a roller or roller of the drive device of the charging station is brought into frictional contact with the running surface of the driven wheel. In other embodiments, properly formed rims may be provided on the vehicle so that mechanical engagement of the coupling device with high mechanical efficiency is possible. In such embodiments, the charging station is further configured to ensure the relative stoppage of the vehicle when injecting mechanical power to one or more powered wheels.

In a further advantageous embodiment, a communication device is provided, which is designed to receive control signals from the vehicle. In this way, a coordinated with the vehicle charge of the energy storage can be done, or it can be queried specifications of the vehicle owner when charging the energy storage and optionally complied with accordingly.

In one embodiment, the control device is designed to control at least the power transmission from the drive device to the electric machine using at least part of the control signals. For example, for this purpose, a control can be carried out such that a maximum power is not exceeded, or that only a predetermined amount of energy is fed.

In a further embodiment, the charging station has an energy storage device, so that very high power peaks can be bridged if required, even if the power supplied to the charging station from the outside is insufficient to cover these peaks. The storage device can be designed to store electrical energy and / or mechanical energy, this being dependent on the type of energy with which the drive device of the charging station is operated.

In this context, it should be noted that a "mechanical" energy is also considered herein to be energy provided in the form of pressurized gas and / or liquids. If the energy storage is provided in the form of a memory for receiving electrical energy, this can be provided for example in the form of capacitors, so that a very high electrical power can be removed for a short time, if the currently running charging exceeds the electrical power that is supplied by an electric Connection for the charging station can be delivered.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the control device of the charging station is designed to end the transmission of the mechanical power when falling below a threshold value of the currently transmitted mechanical power. In this way, it can be ensured that the charging process is ended in good time when, for example, the regenerative braking mode in the vehicle is terminated. For example, the in-vehicle power electronics can detect a high state of charge of the energy store, too high a temperature of a component, etc., and then, as in normal driving, recuperation can be appropriately adjusted back or shut down completely. In this way, components already present in the vehicle can also be efficiently utilized to control the charging process.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, the aforementioned object is achieved by a charging device in a vehicle driven using at least one electric machine. The charging device comprises a control unit which is designed, when the vehicle is relatively stationary with respect to a charging station, to convert the electric machine into a regenerative braking mode.

The in-vehicle charging device thus comprises a control unit which, unlike conventional chargers of electrically powered vehicles, does not require specially designed power electronics but can controllably initiate the regenerative braking mode so that the in-vehicle drive components can be used to charge the in-vehicle energy storage. That is, by the action of the control unit, the vehicle is prepared for receiving mechanical power at standstill of the vehicle, so that an efficient charging operation can be performed.

In an advantageous embodiment, the control unit further comprises a communication device, which is designed to transmit a control signal to the external charging station, which supplies external mechanical power. In this way, the charging process takes place by supplying external mechanical energy under the control of the vehicle, so that vehicle-specific properties or specifications of the vehicle owner can intervene in the control of the charging process.

In one embodiment, the control signal has at least one signal component that causes the external charging station to interrupt the supply of the external mechanical power. This signal component for interrupting the supply of external mechanical power may be generated, for example, on the basis of information concerning the energy status of the energy storage, the status of power electronic components, and the like.

In other embodiments, the control signal also includes signal components that allow for proper adaptation of the charging process to vehicle-specific characteristics. In other embodiments, the control unit is designed to suitably control the charging process, such as by adjusting the degree of recuperation to the desired level.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, the aforementioned object is achieved by a method for charging an energy store of a vehicle, which has at least one electric machine used as the drive of the vehicle. The method includes transmitting external mechanical power to the vehicle electrical machine when the vehicle is relatively stationary. Further, a generator operation of the engine is set by a control unit during the transmission of the external mechanical power. Furthermore, the method comprises monitoring the energy status of the energy store by the control unit.

The method according to the invention thus makes it possible to charge the energy store by controlling the generator operation of the vehicle in a controlled manner when the vehicle is at a standstill relative to a charging station. As already explained above, in a corresponding method, the "infrastructure" can be used efficiently, in particular with regard to power electronics and the conversion of mechanical power into electrical power with high efficiency of the vehicle, in order to charge the energy store, the power essentially being provided by the in-vehicle components.

It should be noted that while the method of the present invention may be used to advantage in stationary charging systems, in some aspects mobile charging stations may be used, for example in the form of vehicle transport systems, car washes, and the like, but in which the vehicle is at rest relative to a docking device ,

These and other advantageous embodiments are also to be taken from the appended claims. In the following, further advantageous embodiments will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

1A schematically shows a representation of an at least partially electrically powered vehicle at a charging station according to the present invention;

1B schematically shows a coupling device of the charging station according to the invention for feeding mechanical power over at least one driven wheel of the vehicle;

1C schematically shows the coupling device, wherein a specially designed mechanical connection for transmitting the mechanical power is provided on the electric machine;

1D schematically shows the charging station, wherein an electrical memory is provided in the charging station;

1E schematically shows the charging station, wherein a "mechanical" memory is provided, such as in the form of a pressure accumulator and the like, so that power peaks can be effectively bridged; and

2 schematically shows a charging device in a vehicle to set a controlled Nutzbremsmodus for charging an energy storage of the vehicle.

1 schematically shows a vehicle 150 that is at least an electric machine 152 that is responsible for the propulsion of the vehicle 150 is being used. In the illustrated embodiment, the electric machine 152 mechanically with wheels 151 via a schematically illustrated power coupling 156 is connected, which optionally represents any transmission with a transmission. The electric machine 152 can also be on or in one or more of the wheels 151 be arranged with or without integrated gear. Furthermore, the electric machine 152 typically with power electronics 153 connected in an energy store 154 stored electrical energy or even electrical energy from another component in the vehicle 150 is generated, suitably converted, so that the electric machine 152 a current requirement of the vehicle 150 adapted mechanical power to the wheels 151 over the coupling 156 emits. The electric machine may be a synchronous machine, an asynchronous machine, a reluctance machine, a DC machine, or another type of electric machine. In general, a variety of suitable converters are known in the art which can convert DC voltage into appropriate multiphase voltages and currents such that a desired speed and torque are desired from the electric machine 152 if this is designed as an alternating voltage machine can be provided. In a similar way, DC voltage plates are known, those of the machine 152 if this is provided in the form of a DC machine, impress in the required manner current and voltage. For example, today already available vehicles with electric drive on electric machines with a capacity of a few kW up to several 10 kW or even several 100 kW, so that the components 153 and 154 are designed to handle these high performances. In particular, the electronics 153 and the energy storage designed so that they are in Nutzbremsbetrieb that of the machine 152 Delivered power depending on the state of charge of the memory 154 be able to feed back to memory to a large extent.

Furthermore, a charging station 100 shown a driving device 110 has to be connected via a coupling device 130 mechanical power on the electric machine 152 in the vehicle 150 transferred to. The drive device 110 In one embodiment, this includes a motor 111 , such as an electric motor, with a schematically shown power transmission 116 for coupling to the device 130 , In the case of an electric motor is an electronic power component 112 provided, in turn, with a control device 120 communicates, so that the power component 112 the electric motor 111 supplied with electrical energy in a suitable manner. Advantageously, the electric motor 111 designed to withstand the mechanical performance typically of the vehicle 150 when charging the energy storage 154 is requested, can be provided. For example, powerful asynchronous machines with suitable power components can be efficiently used for this purpose. However, other electrical machines can be used which have a relatively high efficiency over a desired power range. In other embodiments, other drive components may be used, as described below with reference to, for example 1E is explained.

The drive component 111 is suitably with the coupling device 130 by means of power transmission 116 mechanically coupled, for example via gears, belts, chains, etc., so that finally a mechanical coupling to the electric machine 152 is produced, about one or more of the drive wheels 151 , and thus with the machine 152 a mechanical interaction can take place. For example, the coupling device 130 directly with the tread of the wheel 151 be brought into mechanical contact, such as by a suitable opening in a support surface 101 is provided, in which a part of the coupling device 130 , in the form of a roller or roller, with the wheel 151 is brought into contact by about the contact element, such as a roller of the coupling device 130 is raised, as shown schematically 117 is designated, and therefore with the wheel 151 is brought into contact. It can also be a suitable trough in the area 101 be provided, which is provided with two or more rollers, on the one hand, the mechanical contact with the wheel 151 and on the other hand the wheel 151 also suitable to hold in position. In other embodiments, the coupling device is 130 designed so that after driving on and securing the vehicle at least two driven wheels can be acted upon at the same time with mechanical power. The drive device 110 energy or power is supplied by suitable means 103 , For example, by a power supply and / or hydraulically and / or pneumatically operated devices, wherein if necessary, a memory device for covering power peaks and / or for a self-sufficient operation can be provided, as described below.

1B schematically shows a part of the charging station 100 if this mechanically with the electric machine 152 of the vehicle 150 is coupled. For this purpose, for example, in one embodiment, a role 132 with the tread 151L at least one wheel 151A brought in contact, why corresponding suitable mechanical components, which are not shown separately, can be used. When only one drive wheel is applied, it may be necessary to ensure that the effect of a differential gear 152A will be annulled. Otherwise, a corresponding second roll or roller 132 (not shown) are provided on the drive wheel 151B acts. In drives where an electric machine directly on the wheel 151A is attached, a feed can be done on this wheel with shutdown of an "electronic" differential, so that even in this case, a mechanical energy input takes place only on one wheel if necessary, in which case the respective performance data of the associated electric machine must be considered. Similarly, other coupling components 131 be provided, for example, in the rim of at least one of the wheels 151A . 151B engage, while at the same time suitable rollers or rollers to support the wheels 151A . 151B can be provided. In other embodiments, the components may be 131 at the same time as lifting the vehicle 150 can be used, so that then the desired mechanical power over the components 131 directly on the wheels 151A and or 151B can be transferred.

1C schematically shows the charging station 100 in mechanical coupling to the vehicle 150 wherein the coupling device 130 a suitable component 133 has to go on the electric machine 152 without acting directly on the drive wheels. For example, in a differential 152A a suitable additional connection 152C be provided when in contact with the component 133 on the one hand the effect of the differential gear 152A aufhebt on the drive wheels and at the same time a mechanical coupling with the electric machine 152 manufactures.

In other embodiments, the mechanical connection 152C be provided so that an effect on the electric machine 152 bypassing the differential gear 152A is possible. For example, a corresponding transmission component may be in contact with the shaft of the machine 152 be provided so that the mechanical performance with decoupling of the drive wheels directly into the electric machine when coupled to the port 152C can be fed.

During operation of the charging station 100 , as in the example 1A to 1C shown is the vehicle 150 over the coupling device 130 with the drive device 110 brought in contact, and the vehicle 150 ie the electric machine 152 in conjunction with associated electronic and mechanical components, such as braking devices for the stabilization of the vehicle 150 for power transmission, and the like, is brought into a state in which the engine 152 acting as a generator and a stoppage of the vehicle relative to the station 100 is guaranteed. The machine 152 with associated electronics 153 and the energy storage 154 is thus placed in a Nutzbremsmodus, but without the vehicle relative to the coupling device 130 to move. For this purpose, a suitable control unit, as described below with reference to 2 described, are used to set the desired operating condition. Then transmits the drive device 110 mechanical power on the electric machine 152 via the coupling device 130 , so that electrical power from the machine 152 via the in-vehicle power component 153 in the energy store 154 is fed, as for example, in the recuperation of the vehicle 150 often happens while driving. That is, the in-vehicle components, which typically have high efficiency and high power bandwidth, can be efficient for storing electrical energy in the memory 154 be used. As typically also the energy storage 154 For the provision and thus also for the intermediate storage of high amounts of energy is formed, the charging can also be done with high power, so that within short times larger amounts of energy can be stored.

For example, when charging with a mechanical power of 50 kW, so at the output of the coupling device 130 50 kW of mechanical power, and an efficiency for coupling to the components 152 . 153 as well as for these components itself of 90% is assumed, stands at the output of the power electronics 153 an electric power of 45 kW ready, so that in about 6 min four or more kilowatt hours of energy can be stored, depending on the charging efficiency of the memory 154 , If the vehicle 150 is designed for a recuperation with even higher performance, even larger amounts of energy can be fed within a few minutes, preferably the charging station is designed to be able to provide such large mechanical services in the short term. The energy storage device does not have to be fully charged, so that in particular critical phases are avoided when reaching a charging end voltage of the energy storage, which usually requires longer charging phases with lower power. Typically, the energy storage can be charged in a very short time to about 80% of its capacity.

The charging process may for example be controlled by the control device 120 in that an interruption or termination of the process takes place as soon as a certain amount of energy has been transmitted or as soon as the vehicle 150 reacts in a predefined way to the input of mechanical power. For example, taking advantage of the in-vehicle controllers in the power electronics or other electronic systems of the vehicle, for example, too much charge of the memory 154 prevent in the Rekuperationsbetrieb, a control of the charging process can be made because by reducing the braking torque about that of the electric machine 152 their absorbed mechanical power is regulated back accordingly, in order to overheat and / or overload the memory 154 reliably avoid. This is done simply a suitable control of the machine 152 by means of the power component 153 , so that about the machine is operated without braking effect. In some embodiments, the controller may 120 the charging station 100 can this decline from the machine 152 Detect recorded mechanical performance and when it falls below a predetermined threshold complete the charging process, such as the device 130 disconnected and / or the engine 111 is switched off.

Of course, other criteria may also be taken into account when carrying out a charging process, as described in greater detail with reference to FIG 2 will be explained later.

1D schematically shows the charging station 100 according to an embodiment in which a memory 140 is provided, the continuous operation of the drive device 110 allows, even if the the drive 110 Requested mechanical power exceeds the power externally of the charging station 100 is supplied, for example in the form of an electric power 143 , In the embodiment shown, the memory is 140 with electrical storage 141 equipped, such as in the form of capacitors, and the like, in turn, by a suitable power electronics 142 with DC voltage coming from the external connection 143 is obtained, is supplied. In this way, for example, one not to the maximum possible output power of the drive 110 designed connection performance 143 sufficient, but can be charged at short notice vehicles with high performance.

1E schematically shows the charging station 100 according to further illustrative embodiments in which the memory 140 is provided in the form of a "mechanical" memory. For example, the memory 140 be a pressure accumulator, with the drive device 110 is connected by suitable lines. For example, the drive device 110 provided in the form of a hydraulic system that works with the store 140 communicates, so through suitable pumps 114 . 115 Hydraulic fluid is fed into a circuit and, if necessary, under high pressure in the memory 140 can be accumulated. For example, the pump 115 be operated continuously, for example, with a moderately low power rating, so that the pressure in the memory continuously 140 held or in times of low utilization of the station 100 the pressure and / or the volume of fluid in the reservoir are increased, so that then the hydraulic fluid in the required amount and with suitable pressure to corresponding drive components 111A , ... 111C in the form of hydraulic motors, air motors, etc. can be issued. In this case, the mechanical output of the power of the individual drive components 111A , ... 111C if required also individually, for example through appropriate controllable valves 113 , via the control device 120 be determined. In this case, therefore, multiple vehicles can be loaded simultaneously, with individually different mechanical services can be transferred. On the other hand, the memory can 140 be continuously "charged" without about the pump 115 the mechanical performance of all drive components 111A , ..., 111C must apply.

It should be noted that the drive system 110 Also, pneumatic components and a mixture of electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic components may have. in other embodiments, the memory is 140 provided with a mechanical memory in the form of a flywheel, via the drive components 111A , ..., 111C can be coupled with one or more vehicles. It should be noted that the coupling devices 130 are shown schematically over the roller 132 each with a driven wheel 151 of a vehicle. Typically, however, at least two driven wheels are coupled per vehicle by providing suitable "tank troughs" into which the wheels of the drive axle retract and with the rollers 132 be brought into contact.

The mechanical storage 140 Thus, it can be continuously charged in phases of low utilization of the station, while in periods of high utilization vehicles with high power can be charged without the total input power for the station 100 the sum of the power outputs of the individual drives 111A , ..., 111C must correspond.

2 schematically shows a vehicle 250 in mechanical contact with a charging station 200 is. The vehicle 250 can have the same characteristics as the vehicle 150 previously related to 1A is described. The same applies to the charging station 200 , The vehicle 250 So includes an electric machine 252 in conjunction with power electronics 253 and an energy store 254 , Furthermore, the electric machine 252 mechanically with the charging station 200 be brought into contact, as previously explained. The vehicle 250 further comprises a charging device 256 that has at least one control unit 255 having. The control unit 255 is at least with the power electronics 253 connected and trained, this and thus the electric machine 252 during mechanical coupling with the charging station 200 in a Rekuperationsmodus, ie offset a Nutzbremsmodus. For this purpose, the control unit 255 polling a user interface (not shown) in which the vehicle owner announces a charge, or in other embodiments, communication via a communication device 258 with a control device 220 the charging station 200 instead, which in turn is a communication device 221 so that the control unit 255 the upcoming charge is displayed. These can be the two communication devices 258 . 221 Information about control signals 257 so that the desired vehicle status is set and desired charging parameters are set. Ie. the control unit 255 If necessary, it ensures that the vehicle is adequately mechanically secured and the drive is reliably switched off, as well as regenerative braking operation is activated. If necessary, the unit can 255 a desired Rekuperationsablauf by controlling the power electronics 253 adjust, so that there is a desired charge history. In other cases, if necessary, a Nutzbremsprofil of the charging station 200 via the control device 220 specified.

Further, the control unit 255 if necessary, equipped so that they have the energy status of the memory 254 to determine suitable parameters for the charging process. For example, depending on the energy status of the memory 254 a suitable course, ie length and actual feed-in power of a charging process are determined, for example the control device 220 by means of the control signal 257 is communicated. Based on the control signal 257 For example, the desired mechanical performance, the duration, the course of the charging curve, etc. are transmitted, so that if necessary, the drive device of the charging station 200 the mechanical power for the vehicle 250 in the desired customized form. In particular, the control signal contains 257 a signal component that indicates to the charging station the end of the charging process so that the charging station 200 a mechanical decoupling of the vehicle 250 cause or support.

In other embodiments, the control of the charging process is performed by the control unit 255 instead, for example, the Rekuperationsverhalten and thus the electrical machine 252 recorded mechanical power controls so that this is compatible with the previously determined parameters of the charging process. In this case, the charging station 200 preferably designed so that it responds to different power requirements suitable and provides the desired mechanical, currently requested performance.

The present invention thus provides charging stations, vehicles with a charging device and corresponding methods in which the electrical energy storage of a vehicle can be at least partially charged by mechanical coupling of the electric machine of the vehicle and the charging station. Due to the mechanical coupling with respect to the electrical properties of the energy storage and the power electronics and the electrical machine no modifications are required, wherein, when using a mechanical coupling to the drive wheels of the vehicle, no mechanical changes in the vehicle are required and any type of vehicles regardless of their specific properties can be loaded. By providing a suitable control unit or a control algorithm in the vehicle, this can be put into a corresponding recuperation operation during the mechanical coupling with the charging station, so that a controlled charge of the energy storage with high power and thus in a short time is possible. The charging station of the present invention can be designed so that a plurality of vehicles can be charged simultaneously, so that a dispatch of many vehicles in a short time is possible. The charging station can also be integrated into other systems, for example in car washes, car trains, and the like, so that a service life of the vehicle can be used simultaneously for feeding energy into the vehicle-internal energy storage. In further embodiments, "non-stationary" charging stations can be used, which, if necessary, visit a vehicle on the free route and are mechanically coupled to it. For example, in one embodiment, the "non-stationary" charging station serves as a towing vehicle, while the control unit in the vehicle controls the recuperation operation of the vehicle in a suitable manner. In other embodiments, the mobile charging station has the coupling means such that it can act on the drive wheels, such as by lifting the vehicle to the drive wheels, and the like, in which case the charging in the previously with the 1 and 2 described manner can be done. The mobile charging station preferably has a large energy storage, such as in the form of a pressure accumulator or an electrical storage, so that on the one hand, the energy requirements of the mobile charging station and on the other hand, the energy requirements for a larger number of vehicles can be covered by the memory.

Claims (15)

Charging station for a vehicle ( 150 . 250 ) with at least one electric machine used as a drive ( 152 . 252 ), with a drive device ( 110 ) for delivering mechanical power, a mechanical coupling device ( 130 ) connected to the drive device ( 110 ) and the electric machine ( 152 . 252 ) of the vehicle ( 150 . 250 ) and a control device ( 120 . 220 ) for controlling the drive device ( 110 ) and for controlling the mechanical power during a regenerative braking mode of the electric machine ( 152 . 252 ). Loading station according to claim 1, wherein the coupling device ( 130 ) for mechanical coupling to at least one driven wheel ( 151 . 151A . 151B ) of the vehicle is formed. Charging station according to one of the preceding claims, wherein furthermore a communication device ( 220 ) is provided, which is designed to control signals ( 257 ) from the vehicle. Charging station according to claim 3, wherein the control device ( 120 . 220 ) is formed, at least the power transmission from the drive device to the electric machine using at least a part of the control signals ( 257 ) to control. Charging station according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising an energy storage device ( 140 ) having. Charging station according to claim 5, wherein the energy storage device ( 140 ) comprises means for storing mechanical energy. Charging station according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the energy storage device comprises a device ( 141 ) for storing electrical energy. Charging station according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the control device ( 120 . 220 ) is configured to end the transmission of the mechanical power when falling below a threshold value of the currently transmitted mechanical power. Charging device in a vehicle driven using at least one electric machine, with a control unit ( 255 ), which is designed, when the vehicle is stationary, the electric machine ( 152 . 252 ) into a Nutzbremsmodus. Loading device according to claim 9, wherein the control unit ( 255 ) further comprises a communication device which is designed to generate a control signal ( 257 ) to an external charging station ( 200 ), which supplies external mechanical power to transmit. Charging device according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the control signal ( 257 ) comprises at least one signal component that causes the external charging station to interrupt the supply of the external mechanical power. Method for charging an energy store ( 154 . 254 ) of a vehicle ( 150 . 250 ), the at least one used as a drive of the vehicle electrical machine ( 152 . 252 ), the method comprising: transmitting external mechanical power to the electric machine ( 152 . 252 ) of the vehicle at a relatively stoppage of the vehicle, setting a generator operation of the electric machine by a control unit ( 255 ) during the transmission of external mechanical power and monitoring the energy status of the energy store ( 154 . 254 ) by the control unit ( 255 ). The method of claim 12, further comprising: generating a control signal ( 257 ) for use in an external charging station ( 100 . 200 ), which provides the external mechanical power. The method of claim 13, wherein the control signal at least the energy status of the energy store ( 154 . 254 ) indicates. The method of claim 13 or 14, wherein the control signal includes at least one signal component for controlling one or more parameters of transmitting the external mechanical energy.

Images