EP2344367A1 - Vehicle having drive train - Google Patents

Vehicle having drive train

Info

Publication number
EP2344367A1
EP2344367A1 EP09796609A EP09796609A EP2344367A1 EP 2344367 A1 EP2344367 A1 EP 2344367A1 EP 09796609 A EP09796609 A EP 09796609A EP 09796609 A EP09796609 A EP 09796609A EP 2344367 A1 EP2344367 A1 EP 2344367A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
unit
vehicle
energy
combustion engine
interface
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP09796609A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Martin Leibbrandt
Rolf Najork
Stefan Huepkes
Roland Nasdal
Wolfgang Brings
Harald Schmitz
Lutz Kather
Stefan Kniesburges
Ingo Steinberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Getrag Ford Transmissions GmbH
Original Assignee
Getrag Ford Transmissions GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Getrag Ford Transmissions GmbH filed Critical Getrag Ford Transmissions GmbH
Priority to EP15165870.5A priority Critical patent/EP2933128A1/en
Publication of EP2344367A1 publication Critical patent/EP2344367A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B60L50/62—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles charged by low-power generators primarily intended to support the batteries, e.g. range extenders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/40—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/20—Control strategies involving selection of hybrid configuration, e.g. selection between series or parallel configuration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vehicle with a drive train having at least a first motor and a wheel, wherein by the drive train torque from the first motor to the wheel is transferable and wherein at least a first unit of the drive train is connected to an interface through which a simple and quick replacement of this unit is possible.
  • the vehicle is characterized in that the interface is adapted to be connected to a second unit different from the first unit, both units being arranged to store electrical energy, convert chemically bound energy into rotational energy, electrical Converting energy into rotational energy and / or converting rotational energy into electrical energy.
  • the first unit is different from the second unit.
  • the first unit may be an accumulator while the second unit comprises a machine for generating rotational energy.
  • This machine can be, for example, an internal combustion engine or an electric machine.
  • the vehicle has an electric motor as the first motor, it is thus possible to connect either the accumulator or the second unit to the vehicle or to the drivetrain via the interface, thus, for example, providing more drive power to the vehicle with the installation of the second unit to provide. Also, by replacing the accumulator with the second unit comprising the engine, the range of the vehicle can be increased.
  • the interface preferably has a connection for transmitting electrical energy and a connection for transmitting rotational energy.
  • the internal combustion engine could be coupled directly to the drive train, ie the internal combustion engine directly delivers torque to the wheel via the drive train.
  • the second unit comprises an electric generator driven by the internal combustion engine becomes. In this case, it would be sufficient that the interface, apart from any other auxiliary connections, has only one connection for the transmission of electrical energy, by which either power from the accumulator or current can be transmitted by the generator.
  • the second unit may also include a fuel cell and an electric motor.
  • the first unit and the second unit are different from each other such that the first unit is configured to store, deliver and / or receive only electrical energy while the second unit converts chemically bound energy to rotational energy, such as in an internal combustion engine of the Case is where the energy contained in the fuel is converted into heat and then into rotational energy.
  • the difference between the first and second units can also be exhausted in that, for example, electrical energy is converted into rotational energy in the first unit, whereas in the second unit said chemically bound energy is converted into rotational energy.
  • the difference between the first and second unit may be due to the fact that the first unit only opens up the possibility of converting chemically bound energy into rotational energy via an internal combustion engine, while the second unit has, in addition to this internal combustion engine, a generator through which rotational energy is it converts it into electrical energy from the combustion engine or from another source from the powertrain.
  • One of the two units or even both units may comprise a fuel tank and an exhaust system, so that the corresponding unit is to be regarded as a self-sufficient unit which is only to be coupled via the connection for transmitting rotational energy to the vehicle or the drive train.
  • the interface it is also possible to design the interface so as to allow fuel delivery so that the fuel tank and corresponding unit can be separated from each other. The same applies mutatis mutandis to the exhaust system.
  • the interface is a connection - A - comprises, is guided by the exhaust gas of the corresponding unit to a fixed exhaust system in the vehicle.
  • the first unit and the second unit are fully automatically coupled to the interface.
  • the units can also be decoupled or removed from the interface fully automatically.
  • the first unit and the second unit can be coupled to the interface from an underside of the vehicle.
  • the vehicle could be guided onto a device by means of which the first unit installed in the vehicle is automatically removed from below and then, in a second step, a new second unit is coupled from below via the interface with the vehicle.
  • the times for replacing the units can be minimized without the driver having to leave the vehicle.
  • the interface has quick connections or plug-in connections, which are particularly easy to disconnect and close.
  • the powertrain may include a transmission having at least a first clutch by which an electric machine may be geared separated from the wheel.
  • the transmission may also include a second clutch by which an internal combustion engine may be geared separated from the wheel.
  • the transmission may comprise further clutches, by the electric machine and combustion engine for different modes of operation can be interconnected.
  • the internal combustion engine for particularly strong acceleration processes in addition to the electric machine, while during normal driving, the internal combustion engine merely serves to provide electrical energy for driving the electric machine via rotational energy.
  • a serial hybrid, a parallel hybrid and combinations thereof can be realized via the transmission with the various clutches.
  • FIG. 1 shows a vehicle with an exchangeable accumulator
  • FIG. 2 shows the vehicle of FIG. 1 with a unit replacing the accumulator
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a first exemplary embodiment of a transmission with possible operating states (see FIG. 3b);
  • FIG. 4 shows another transmission with possible operating conditions
  • FIG. 5 shows another transmission
  • FIG. 6 shows another transmission with different operating conditions
  • the invention can also be interpreted to mean that it relates to a device for increasing the range of an electric motor and / or a combustion engine operated vehicle.
  • VKM internal combustion engine
  • a parallel hybrid is thereby indicates that both an electric machine and an internal combustion engine can drive a vehicle.
  • the invention allows in a preferred embodiment, the subsequent installation of a separate unit (called "Range Extender") in a motor vehicle.
  • This unit or this unit preferably comprises a generator, the corresponding power electronics and a generator driving the internal combustion engine.
  • a fuel cell can also form the independent unit, wherein the power electronics present in the vehicle should take into account operation with the fuel cell.
  • the unit consists of a fuel cell and an electric motor, wherein a mechanical coupling between the electric motor of the unit and the transmission is present. It should be made clear once again that the unit is intended to represent an independent interchangeable module or an independent interchangeable module.
  • This unit can be placed in a free position in the vehicle or can replace a battery.
  • the aggregate can also include the fuel supply and the exhaust aftertreatment of the generator driving the engine.
  • FIG. 1 shows a vehicle with an electromotive drive.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the variant with an increase in the range in which an accumulator has been replaced by the above-described unit with respect to FIG.
  • the simple installation in the vehicle is guaranteed.
  • the connections are preferably optimized for fast interchangeability, the orientation of the contact shields can be facilitated by means of centering or specified by the housing shape of the unit or by flanges.
  • the battery or range-increasing unit can be brought and installed by the customer without workshop support itself to the vehicle.
  • a replacement of the accumulator by a range-increasing aggregate and vice versa at the gas station by means of a replacement device can be done automatically.
  • the following statements relate to a transmission that may be part of a drive train of the vehicle.
  • the innovations introduced with regard to the transmission can also be used independently of the above-described exchangeability of the first and second units.
  • a transmission A can couple and disconnect a plurality of power and work machines, perform a speed compensation during cornering and an electric motor and / or internal combustion engine driving as well as an acceleration function (also "boost function "called) allow.
  • an acceleration function also "boost function "called”
  • transmissions B and C it is additionally possible to charge the accumulator by means of an internal combustion engine while driving (as a serial hybrid) or even when the vehicle is stationary.
  • Figures 3a, 4a and 5 include the gears A, B and C.
  • K1 to K4 represent clutches. Transmissions B and C differ by the arrangement of the clutch K4.
  • the clutch K4 is arranged outside the transmission.
  • Advantage of an external clutch K4 may be the use of a standard existing single-disc dry clutch.
  • the clutch K4 is located inside the transmission.
  • One reason for transmission C could be the use of a wet-running clutch K4.
  • Another reason could be the use of a common shift actuator for the clutches K3 and K4, which preferably includes 3 shift positions (K3 to and K4 open, K3 and K4 closed, K3 open and K4 closed).
  • a double clutch can be used to save installation space.
  • the clutch K1 can also be arranged on the shaft of the clutch K3. Particularly advantageous is the positioning on the shaft of the internal combustion engine between the two gear stages, since then with the clutch K1 open and the gear I must not be dragged. This also applies to the gears B and C.
  • the clutch K2 is located outside of the transmission, e.g. to use the standard single-disc dry clutch.
  • Technically advantageous may also be an arrangement within the transmission, e.g. as a wet-running clutch.
  • the generator is designed as an electric machine, which can also be used as an electric motor, the internal combustion engine can be started by the electric machine even when the vehicle is stationary.
  • FIG. 4b shows the individual operating states of the transmission shown in FIG. 4a. Clutches that are closed are marked with "x", while open clutches are marked with “-”.
  • the electric motor can transmit torque to the wheels by closing the clutch K1.
  • the existing generator can generate electrical energy by closing the clutches K3 and K4.
  • drive internal combustion engine can be transmitted from the engine to the wheels by the closed clutches K2 and K3 torque.
  • closing the clutches K3 and K4 generates electrical energy in the generator. If the driver requires great acceleration, the internal combustion engine and the electric motor can jointly transmit torque to the wheels by closing the clutches K1, K2 and K3.
  • Another operating state may be the "charging of the accumulator via the internal combustion engine", wherein the accumulator can be loaded parallel to the electromotive driving on the closing of the clutches K1, K2 and K4 in a running internal combustion engine. Stands the vehicle, the accumulator can be charged by closing the clutches K2 and K4 by the internal combustion engine.
  • the electric motor or the generator and its clutch may be mounted on the engine remote end of the shaft, if no transmission stage i ⁇ should be necessary.
  • the generator and the electric motor can be combined in an electric machine.
  • the clutches K1 and K2 can be combined in a clutch. 3b, the operating states of this transmission change in such a way that all points of the clutches K1 and K2 marked with "x" are taken over in a common clutch and the common clutch is only open in the "train” when "driving the internal combustion engine” ,
  • the positions of the electric machine and its coupling can be at the end of the shaft facing away from the position on the internal combustion engine in the positions of the generator and its coupling shown in FIG. 3 a, the electric motor and its coupling.
  • the electric motor and its clutch may be mounted on the end of the shaft facing away from the engine, if no gear stage i
  • the present in the transmissions A to C electric motors, generators and internal combustion engines may be components of the disclosed in the disclosed unit to increase the range.
  • the other components of the unit can be used by components of the transmission.
  • the combination of parallel and serial hybrid should provide high system availability. In contrast to the embodiments described above, this is to be made possible by a simpler design with a smaller number of components.
  • a gearbox D with clutches should perform the following tasks in a highly efficient manner: Coupling and separating implement several power and working machines, perform a speed compensation during cornering and electromotive and / or internal combustion engine driving and acceleration function (also "boost function") allow. In addition, an in-vehicle che engine while driving (as a serial hybrid) or even when the vehicle is charging an accumulator.
  • FIG. 6a includes the transmission D. K1 and K2 represent clutches.
  • the electric machine can be operated as a generator or as an electric motor and can serve as a prime mover.
  • the translation of the stage in is preferably chosen such that the vehicle can drive in the region of higher driving speed (for example, greater than 100 km / h) also combustion engine.
  • the internal combustion engine can also cover the range of low driving speed (for example, less than 100 km / h).
  • the switchability can preferably be carried out under load, so that no interruption of traction occurs.
  • FIG. 6b shows the individual operating states of the transmission D shown in FIG. 6a. Clutches that are closed are marked with "x", while open clutches are marked with “-”. In the state “driving electromotively” can be transmitted by closing the clutch K2 torque from the electric machine to the wheels. When Rekuper Schl the electric machine can generate energy by closing the clutch K2 in coasting mode. In the operating state “drive internal combustion engine” can be transmitted from the engine to the wheels by closing the clutches K1 and K2 torque. When Rekuperieren the clutch K2 is closed in order to generate energy in overrun operation in the electric machine can. For high acceleration requirements by the driver, the clutches K1 and K2 can be closed, with both the Internal combustion engine and the electric motor can transmit torque to the wheels.
  • the operating state "charging the accumulator via internal combustion engine” can take place parallel to the electromotive driving when the clutches K1 and K2 are closed.
  • the clutch K1 In a stationary vehicle, the clutch K1 can be closed so that the internal combustion engine drives the electric machine for power generation.
  • the electric motor and internal combustion engine present in the transmission D can be components of the inventive concept, by means of which it is possible to easily replace a unit with another unit in order to influence the characteristics of the drive train.
  • the other components of the unit can be used by components of the transmission.
  • FIG. 1 shows a vehicle with a first unit 10, which is designed as an accumulator.
  • the vehicle has a pure electric drive.
  • the embodiment is characterized by the following features
  • the accumulator is preferably arranged between the two axes.
  • the unit 20 comprises an internal combustion engine VKM or a fuel cell, a generator and power electronics between VKM / fuel cell and the wheels 30 of the vehicle)

Abstract

The invention relates to a vehicle having a drive train, which comprises at least one first engine and a wheel, wherein a torque can be transmitted from the first engine to the wheel by the drive train, and wherein at least one first unit of the drive train is connected to an interface, by which rapid and simple replaceability of said unit is possible, wherein the interface is designed to be connected to a second unit, which is different from the first unit, wherein both units are designed to store electricity, to convert chemically bound energy into energy of rotation and/or to convert electricity into energy of rotation and/or to convert rotation energy of rotation into electricity.

Description

GETRAG FORD Transmissions GmbH 50735 Köln GETRAG FORD Transmissions GmbH 50735 Cologne
Fahrzeug mit AntriebsstrangVehicle with powertrain
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Fahrzeug mit einem Antriebsstrang, der zumindest einen ersten Motor und ein Rad aufweist, wobei durch den Antriebsstrang ein Drehmoment von dem ersten Motor auf das Rad übertragbar ist und wobei wenigstens eine erste Einheit des Antriebsstranges mit einer Schnittstelle verbunden ist, durch die eine einfache und schnelle Austauschbarkeit dieser Einheit ermöglicht ist.The invention relates to a vehicle with a drive train having at least a first motor and a wheel, wherein by the drive train torque from the first motor to the wheel is transferable and wherein at least a first unit of the drive train is connected to an interface through which a simple and quick replacement of this unit is possible.
Aus dem Stand der Technik ist bekannt, ein Fahrzeug, bei dem der erste Motor als Elektromaschine ausgebildet ist, über die Schnittstelle einen entladenen Akkumulator, der zum Speichern von elektrischer Energie dient, gegen einen aufgeladenen Akkumulator schnell und einfach auszutauschen. Dadurch können längere Stillstandszeiten des Fahrzeugs vermieden werden, die ansonsten notwendig sind, den im Fahrzeug eingebauten Akkumulator durch eine externe Stromquelle aufzuladen.From the prior art it is known, a vehicle in which the first motor is designed as an electric machine to exchange over the interface a discharged battery, which is used for storing electrical energy, against a charged battery quickly and easily. As a result, longer periods of downtime of the vehicle can be avoided, which are otherwise necessary to charge the built-in battery accumulator by an external power source.
Obwohl die einfache und schnelle Austauschbarkeit von Akkumulatoren eine Möglichkeit darstellen, die Reichweite von mit Elektromaschinen betriebenen Fahrzeugen ohne längere Stillstandszeiten zu erhöhen, besteht weiter der Bedarf, Fahrzeuge weiterzuentwickeln, so dass sie hinsichtlich Reichweite, Fahrkomfort und/oder Energiezufuhr Vorteile aufweisen. Die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe wird mit der Merkmalskombination gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele können den Unteransprüchen entnommen werden.While the ease and quick replacement of batteries is one way of increasing the range of electric machine-powered vehicles without prolonged downtime, there is a continuing need to further develop vehicles to have advantages in range, ride comfort, and / or power. The object underlying the invention is achieved with the feature combination according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments may be taken from the subclaims.
Gemäß Patentanspruch 1 zeichnet sich das Fahrzeug dadurch aus, dass die Schnittstelle so ausgelegt ist, mit einer zweiten, von der ersten Einheit verschiedenen Einheit verbunden zu werden, wobei beide Einheiten ausgelegt sind, elektrische Energie zu speichern, chemisch gebundene Energie in Rotationsenergie umzuwandeln, elektrische Energie in Rotationsenergie umzuwan- dein und/oder Rotationsenergie in elektrische Energie umzuwandeln. Die erste Einheit ist dabei von der zweiten Einheit verschieden.According to claim 1, the vehicle is characterized in that the interface is adapted to be connected to a second unit different from the first unit, both units being arranged to store electrical energy, convert chemically bound energy into rotational energy, electrical Converting energy into rotational energy and / or converting rotational energy into electrical energy. The first unit is different from the second unit.
Beispielsweise kann die erste Einheit ein Akkumulator sein, während die zweite Einheit eine Maschine zur Erzeugung von Rotationsenergie umfasst. Diese Ma- schine kann beispielsweise ein Verbrennungsmotor oder eine Elektromaschine sein.For example, the first unit may be an accumulator while the second unit comprises a machine for generating rotational energy. This machine can be, for example, an internal combustion engine or an electric machine.
Weist beispielsweise das Fahrzeug eine Elektromaschine als ersten Motor auf, besteht somit die Möglichkeit, über die Schnittstelle entweder den Akkumulator oder die zweite Einheit mit dem Fahrzeug bzw. mit dem Antriebsstrang zu verbinden, um so mit dem Einbau der zweiten Einheit beispielsweise mehr Antriebsleistung dem Fahrzeug zur Verfügung zu stellen. Auch kann durch den Austausch des Akkumulators durch die zweite, den Verbrennungsmotor umfassende Einheit die Reichweite des Fahrzeugs erhöht werden.If, for example, the vehicle has an electric motor as the first motor, it is thus possible to connect either the accumulator or the second unit to the vehicle or to the drivetrain via the interface, thus, for example, providing more drive power to the vehicle with the installation of the second unit to provide. Also, by replacing the accumulator with the second unit comprising the engine, the range of the vehicle can be increased.
Geht man beispielsweise von dem Ausführungsbeispiel aus, bei dem über die Schnittstelle einerseits ein Akkumulator und andererseits ein Verbrennungsmotor an den Antriebsstrang angekoppelt werden kann, so weist bevorzugt die Schnittstelle einen Anschluss zur Übertragung elektrischer Energie und einen Anschluss zur Übertragung von Rotationsenergie auf. In diesem Fall könnte der Verbrennungsmotor direkt mit dem Antriebsstrang gekoppelt werden, d.h. der Verbrennungsmotor gibt direkt Drehmoment über den Antriebsstrang an das Rad ab. Es besteht jedoch auch die Möglichkeit, dass die zweite Einheit einen elektrischen Generator umfasst, der von dem Verbrennungsmotor angetrieben wird. In diesem Fall würde es ausreichen, dass die Schnittstelle, abgesehen von etwaigen weiteren Nebenanschlüssen, lediglich einen Anschluss zur Übertragung elektrischer Energie aufweist, durch die entweder Strom vom Akkumulator oder Strom von dem Generator übertragen werden kann.If, for example, one starts from the exemplary embodiment in which an accumulator and, on the other hand, an internal combustion engine can be coupled to the drive train via the interface, the interface preferably has a connection for transmitting electrical energy and a connection for transmitting rotational energy. In this case, the internal combustion engine could be coupled directly to the drive train, ie the internal combustion engine directly delivers torque to the wheel via the drive train. However, there is also the possibility that the second unit comprises an electric generator driven by the internal combustion engine becomes. In this case, it would be sufficient that the interface, apart from any other auxiliary connections, has only one connection for the transmission of electrical energy, by which either power from the accumulator or current can be transmitted by the generator.
Die zweite Einheit kann auch eine Brennstoffzelle und einen Elektromotor aufweisen.The second unit may also include a fuel cell and an electric motor.
Vorzugsweise sind die erste Einheit und die zweite Einheit derart voneinander unterschiedlich, dass die erste Einheit ausgelegt ist, lediglich elektrisch Energie zu speichern, abzugeben und/oder aufzunehmen, während die zweite Einheit chemisch gebundene Energie in Rotationsenergie umwandelt, wie dies beispielsweise bei einem Verbrennungsmotor der Fall ist, bei dem die im Kraftstoff enthaltene Energie in Wärme und dann in Rotationsenergie umgewandelt wird. Die Verschiedenheit der ersten und zweiten Einheit kann sich jedoch auch darin erschöpfen, dass bei der ersten Einheit beispielsweise elektrische Energie in Rotationsenergie umgewandelt wird, während bei der zweiten Einheit besagte chemisch gebundene Energie in Rotationsenergie umgewandelt wird. Auch kann sich die Verschiedenheit zwischen der ersten und zweiten Einheit dadurch begründen, dass die erste Einheit lediglich die Möglichkeit eröffnet, über einen Verbrennungsmotor chemisch gebundene Energie in Rotationsenergie umzuwandeln, während die zweite Einheit neben diesem Verbrennungsmotor noch einen Generator aufweist, durch den Rotationsenergie, sei es aus dem Verbrennungsmotor oder von einer anderen Quelle aus dem Antriebsstrang, in elektrische Energie umwandelt.Preferably, the first unit and the second unit are different from each other such that the first unit is configured to store, deliver and / or receive only electrical energy while the second unit converts chemically bound energy to rotational energy, such as in an internal combustion engine of the Case is where the energy contained in the fuel is converted into heat and then into rotational energy. However, the difference between the first and second units can also be exhausted in that, for example, electrical energy is converted into rotational energy in the first unit, whereas in the second unit said chemically bound energy is converted into rotational energy. Also, the difference between the first and second unit may be due to the fact that the first unit only opens up the possibility of converting chemically bound energy into rotational energy via an internal combustion engine, while the second unit has, in addition to this internal combustion engine, a generator through which rotational energy is it converts it into electrical energy from the combustion engine or from another source from the powertrain.
Einer der beiden Einheiten bzw. auch beide Einheiten können einen Kraftstofftank und eine Abgasanlage umfassen, so dass die entsprechende Einheit als autarke Einheit anzusehen ist, die lediglich über den Anschluss zur Übertra- gung von Rotationsenergie an das Fahrzeug bzw. den Antriebsstrang anzukoppeln ist. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, die Schnittstelle derart auszubilden, dass sie eine Kraftstoffzufuhr ermöglicht, so dass Kraftstofftank und entsprechende Einheit voneinander getrennt sein können. Das Gleiche gilt sinngemäß für die Abgasanlage. Auch hier ist es denkbar, dass die Schnittstelle einen Anschluss - A - umfasst, durch den Abgas der entsprechenden Einheit zu einer im Fahrzeug fest installierten Abgasanlage geführt wird.One of the two units or even both units may comprise a fuel tank and an exhaust system, so that the corresponding unit is to be regarded as a self-sufficient unit which is only to be coupled via the connection for transmitting rotational energy to the vehicle or the drive train. However, it is also possible to design the interface so as to allow fuel delivery so that the fuel tank and corresponding unit can be separated from each other. The same applies mutatis mutandis to the exhaust system. Again, it is conceivable that the interface is a connection - A - comprises, is guided by the exhaust gas of the corresponding unit to a fixed exhaust system in the vehicle.
Vorzugsweise sind die erste Einheit und die zweite Einheit vollautomatisch mit der Schnittstelle koppelbar. Zweckmäßig lassen sich die Einheiten auch vollautomatisch von der Schnittstelle abkoppeln oder entfernen. In einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die erste Einheit und die zweite Einheit von einer Unterseite des Fahrzeugs her mit der Schnittstelle koppelbar. So könnte beispielsweise das Fahrzeug auf eine Vorrichtung geführt werden, durch die die im Fahrzeug eingebaute erste Einheit vollautomatisch von unten entfernt wird und dann in einem zweiten Schritt eine neue zweite Einheit von unten her über die Schnittstelle mit dem Fahrzeug gekoppelt wird. Dadurch können die Zeiten zum Austausch der Einheiten minimiert werden, ohne dass dabei der Fahrzeugführer das Fahrzeug verlassen muss.Preferably, the first unit and the second unit are fully automatically coupled to the interface. The units can also be decoupled or removed from the interface fully automatically. In a preferred embodiment, the first unit and the second unit can be coupled to the interface from an underside of the vehicle. Thus, for example, the vehicle could be guided onto a device by means of which the first unit installed in the vehicle is automatically removed from below and then, in a second step, a new second unit is coupled from below via the interface with the vehicle. As a result, the times for replacing the units can be minimized without the driver having to leave the vehicle.
Vorzugsweise weist die Schnittstelle Schnellanschlüsse oder Steckanschlüsse auf, die sich besonders einfach trennen und schließen lassen.Preferably, the interface has quick connections or plug-in connections, which are particularly easy to disconnect and close.
Der Antriebsstrang kann ein Getriebe mit wenigstens einer ersten Kupplung umfassen, durch die eine Elektromaschine von dem Rad getriebetechnisch getrennt werden kann. Das Getriebe kann auch eine zweite Kupplung umfassen, durch die ein Verbrennungsmotor von dem Rad getriebetechnisch getrennt werden kann. Beispielsweise ist bei geöffneter zweiter Kupplung möglich, im Stillstand des Fahrzeugs den Verbrennungsmotor laufen zu lassen, um über einen Generator einen Akkumulator zu beladen. Des Weiteren kann das Getriebe weitere Kupplungen umfassen, durch die Elektromaschine und Verbrennungsmaschine für verschiedene Betriebsarten miteinander verschaltet werden können. Beispielsweise ist es somit möglich, den Verbrennungsmotor für besonders starke Beschleunigungsvorgänge neben der Elektromaschine einzu- setzen, während bei normaler Fahrt der Verbrennungsmotor lediglich dazu dient, über Rotationsenergie elektrische Energie für den Antrieb der Elektromaschine bereitzustellen. Somit lassen sich über das Getriebe mit den verschiedenen Kupplungen ein serieller Hybrid, ein paralleler Hybrid und Kombinationen davon realisieren. Anhand der in der Zeichnung aufgeführten Figuren wird die Erfindung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:The powertrain may include a transmission having at least a first clutch by which an electric machine may be geared separated from the wheel. The transmission may also include a second clutch by which an internal combustion engine may be geared separated from the wheel. For example, when the second clutch is open, it is possible to run the internal combustion engine when the vehicle is at a standstill in order to load a battery via a generator. Furthermore, the transmission may comprise further clutches, by the electric machine and combustion engine for different modes of operation can be interconnected. For example, it is thus possible to use the internal combustion engine for particularly strong acceleration processes in addition to the electric machine, while during normal driving, the internal combustion engine merely serves to provide electrical energy for driving the electric machine via rotational energy. Thus, a serial hybrid, a parallel hybrid and combinations thereof can be realized via the transmission with the various clutches. Reference to the figures shown in the drawing, the invention is explained in detail. Show it:
Figur 1 ein Fahrzeug mit einem austauschbaren Akkumulator;FIG. 1 shows a vehicle with an exchangeable accumulator;
Figur 2 das Fahrzeug der Figur 1 mit einer Einheit, die den Akkumulator ersetzt;FIG. 2 shows the vehicle of FIG. 1 with a unit replacing the accumulator;
Figur 3 schematisch ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel für ein Getriebe mit möglichen Betriebszuständen (siehe Figur 3b);FIG. 3 schematically shows a first exemplary embodiment of a transmission with possible operating states (see FIG. 3b);
Figur 4 ein weiteres Getriebe mit möglichen BetriebszuständenFigure 4 shows another transmission with possible operating conditions
(siehe Figur 4b);(see Figure 4b);
Figur 5 ein weiteres Getriebe; undFigure 5 shows another transmission; and
Figur 6 ein weiteres Getriebe mit verschiedenen BetriebszuständenFigure 6 shows another transmission with different operating conditions
(siehe Figur 6b).(see Figure 6b).
Bevor auf die einzelnen Figuren näher eingegangen wird, werden einzelne Aspekte der Erfindung weiter und mit anderen Worten beschrieben. So kann die Erfindung auch dahingehend interpretiert werden, dass sie eine Vorrichtung zur Erhöhung der Reichweite eines elektromotorischen und/oder eines Verbren- nungsmotors betriebenen Fahrzeuges betrifft.Before going into the individual figures, individual aspects of the invention will be described further and in other words. Thus, the invention can also be interpreted to mean that it relates to a device for increasing the range of an electric motor and / or a combustion engine operated vehicle.
In modernen Fahrzeugen werden hohe Anforderungen an die Effizienz des Antriebstrangs gestellt. Um die Effizienz zu erhöhen können Hybridkonzepte im Fahrzeugbau verwendet werden. Es sind zunächst zwei klassische Konzepte bekannt. Bei einem seriellen Hybrid treibt eine Elektromaschine ein Fahrzeug an, wobei die Energiequelle eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine (VKM) bzw. eine Brennstoffzelle sein kann, die mittels eines Generators bzw. direkt elektrische Energie für die Elektromaschine erzeugt. Ein paralleler Hybrid ist dadurch ge- kennzeichnet, dass sowohl eine Elektromaschine als auch eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine ein Fahrzeug antreiben können.In modern vehicles, high demands are placed on the efficiency of the powertrain. To increase efficiency, hybrid concepts can be used in vehicle construction. At first two classical concepts are known. In a serial hybrid, an electric machine drives a vehicle, wherein the power source may be an internal combustion engine (VKM) or a fuel cell, which generates by means of a generator or direct electrical energy for the electric machine. A parallel hybrid is thereby indicates that both an electric machine and an internal combustion engine can drive a vehicle.
In einem rein elektromotorischen betriebenen Fahrzeug mit Akkumulatoren als Energiespeicher ist die Reichweite des Fahrzeugs begrenzt. Zur Erhöhung der Reichweite ist es bekannt, dass eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine oder Brennstoffzelle als Energiequelle dienen kann. Eine Elektromaschine, die als Generator betrieben wird, wandelt beim Verbrennungsmotor die mechanische in elektrische Energie um. Die dadurch gewonnene elektrische Energie kann entweder direkt zum Betrieb des Elektromotors als auch in den vorhandenen Akkumulatoren gespeichert werden, so dass sie bei Bedarf zur Verfügung steht.In a purely electromotive powered vehicle with accumulators as energy storage, the range of the vehicle is limited. To increase the range, it is known that an internal combustion engine or fuel cell can serve as an energy source. An electric machine, which is operated as a generator, converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy in the internal combustion engine. The electrical energy gained thereby can be stored either directly to the operation of the electric motor as well as in the existing accumulators, so that it is available when needed.
Es existieren somit elektrische Antriebssysteme, die entweder nur Akkumulatoren als einziger Energiespeicher haben oder die eine Verbrennungskraftma- schine / Brennstoffzelle neben den Akkumulatoren als Energiequelle haben.Thus, electric drive systems exist which either have only accumulators as the sole energy store or which have an internal combustion engine / fuel cell in addition to the accumulators as an energy source.
Es ist wünschenswert die Reichweite eines elektromotorisch betriebenen Fahrzeugs je nach Kundenwunsch flexibel zu erweitern.It is desirable to flexibly expand the range of an electric motor driven vehicle according to customer requirements.
Die Erfindung ermöglicht in einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel den nachträglichen Einbau eines eigenständigen Aggregates ("Range Extender" genannt) in ein Kraftfahrzeug. Dieses Aggregat oder auch diese Einheit umfasst vorzugsweise einen Generator, die entsprechende Leistungselektronik und eine den Generator antreibende Verbrennungskraftmaschine. Alternativ kann auch eine Brennstoffzelle das eigenständige Aggregat bilden, wobei die im Fahrzeug vorhandene Leistungselektronik ein Betrieb mit der Brennstoffzelle berücksichtigen sollte. In einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel besteht das Aggregat aus einer Brennstoffzelle und einen Elektromotor, wobei eine mechanische Kopplung zwischen dem Elektromotor des Aggregates und dem Getriebe vorhanden ist. Es soll noch mal verdeutlich werden, dass das Aggregat eine eigenständige austauschbare Baugruppe bzw. ein eigenständiges austauschbares Modul darstellen soll. Dieses Aggregat kann an einer freien Position im Fahrzeug angeordnet werden oder kann einen Akkumulator ersetzen. Das Aggregat kann auch die Kraftstoffversorgung und die Abgasnachbehandlung der den Generator antreibenden Kraftmaschine beinhalten.The invention allows in a preferred embodiment, the subsequent installation of a separate unit (called "Range Extender") in a motor vehicle. This unit or this unit preferably comprises a generator, the corresponding power electronics and a generator driving the internal combustion engine. Alternatively, a fuel cell can also form the independent unit, wherein the power electronics present in the vehicle should take into account operation with the fuel cell. In a further embodiment, the unit consists of a fuel cell and an electric motor, wherein a mechanical coupling between the electric motor of the unit and the transmission is present. It should be made clear once again that the unit is intended to represent an independent interchangeable module or an independent interchangeable module. This unit can be placed in a free position in the vehicle or can replace a battery. The aggregate can also include the fuel supply and the exhaust aftertreatment of the generator driving the engine.
Die Figur 1 zeigt ein Fahrzeug mit elektromotorischem Antrieb. Die Figur 2 stellt die Variante mit Erhöhung der Reichweite dar, bei dem ein Akkumulator gegenüber Figur 1 durch das oben beschriebene Aggregat ersetzt worden ist.FIG. 1 shows a vehicle with an electromotive drive. FIG. 2 illustrates the variant with an increase in the range in which an accumulator has been replaced by the above-described unit with respect to FIG.
Durch entsprechende Schnittstellen zum Fahrzeug, die elektrischer und/oder mechanischer Art sein können, ist der einfache Einbau ins Fahrzeug gewähr- leistet. Die Anschlüsse sind vorzugsweise auf die schnelle Austauschbarkeit optimiert, die Ausrichtung der Kontaktschilde kann mittels Zentrierhilfen erleichtert oder durch die Gehäuseform des Aggregates bzw. durch Flansche vorgegeben werden. Durch ein automatisch einklappendes Transportsystem kann der Akkumulator oder das Reichweite erhöhende Aggregat vom Kunden ohne Werkstattunterstützung selber zum Fahrzeug gebracht und installiert werden. Alternativ kann ein Auswechseln des Akkumulators durch ein Reichweite erhöhendes Aggregat und umgekehrt an der Tankstelle mittels einer Austauschvorrichtung automatisch erfolgen.Through appropriate interfaces to the vehicle, which can be electrical and / or mechanical type, the simple installation in the vehicle is guaranteed. The connections are preferably optimized for fast interchangeability, the orientation of the contact shields can be facilitated by means of centering or specified by the housing shape of the unit or by flanges. By an automatically folding transport system, the battery or range-increasing unit can be brought and installed by the customer without workshop support itself to the vehicle. Alternatively, a replacement of the accumulator by a range-increasing aggregate and vice versa at the gas station by means of a replacement device can be done automatically.
Die folgenden Ausführungen beziehen sich auf ein Getriebe, das Teil eines Antriebsstangs des Fahrzeugs sein kann. Die bezüglich des Getriebes vorgestellten Neuerungen lassen sich auch unabhängig von der oben beschriebenen Austauschbarkeit von erster und zweiter Einheit nutzen.The following statements relate to a transmission that may be part of a drive train of the vehicle. The innovations introduced with regard to the transmission can also be used independently of the above-described exchangeability of the first and second units.
In einem Fahrzeug soll durch die Kombination von parallelem und seriellem Hybrid eine hohe Systemverfügbarkeit vorhanden sein. Dadurch kann ein Getriebe mit Kupplungen auf hocheffiziente Weise folgende Aufgaben erfüllen: Ein Getriebe A kann mehrere Kraft- und Arbeitsmaschinen koppeln und trennen, ein Drehzahlausgleich bei Kurvenfahrt durchführen und ein elektromotori- sches und/oder verbrennungsmotorisches Fahren sowie eine Beschleunigungsfunktion (auch "Boost-Funktion" genannt) ermöglichen. Bei Getriebe B und C ist zusätzlich ein Laden des Akkumulators durch eine im Fahrzeug befindliche Kraftmaschine während der Fahrt (als serieller Hybrid) oder auch bei stehendem Fahrzeug möglich. Die Figuren 3a, 4a und 5 beinhalten die Getriebe A, B und C. K1 bis K4 stellen Kupplungen dar. Getriebe B und C unterscheiden sich durch die Anordnung der Kupplung K4. Beim Getriebe B ist die Kupplung K4 außerhalb des Getriebes angeordnet. Vorteil einer äußeren Kupplung K4 kann die Nutzung einer serienmäßig vorhandenen Einscheiben-Trockenkupplung sein. Beim Getriebe C befindet sich die Kupplung K4 innerhalb des Getriebes. Ein Grund könnte bei Getriebe C die Nutzung einer nasslaufenden Kupplung K4 sein. Ein weiterer Grund könnte die Nutzung einer gemeinsamen Schaltaktuatorik für die Kupplungen K3 und K4 sein, die vorzugsweise 3 Schaltpositionen umfasst (K3 zu und K4 offen, K3 und K4 zu, K3 offen und K4 zu). Anstatt zwei einzelnen Kupplungen K3 und K4 kann alternativ eine Doppelkupplung angewendet werden, um Bauraum sparen zu können.In a vehicle, the combination of parallel and serial hybrid should provide high system availability. As a result, a transmission with clutches can fulfill the following tasks in a highly efficient manner: A transmission A can couple and disconnect a plurality of power and work machines, perform a speed compensation during cornering and an electric motor and / or internal combustion engine driving as well as an acceleration function (also "boost function "called) allow. In the case of transmissions B and C, it is additionally possible to charge the accumulator by means of an internal combustion engine while driving (as a serial hybrid) or even when the vehicle is stationary. Figures 3a, 4a and 5 include the gears A, B and C. K1 to K4 represent clutches. Transmissions B and C differ by the arrangement of the clutch K4. In the case of the transmission B, the clutch K4 is arranged outside the transmission. Advantage of an external clutch K4 may be the use of a standard existing single-disc dry clutch. In the case of the transmission C, the clutch K4 is located inside the transmission. One reason for transmission C could be the use of a wet-running clutch K4. Another reason could be the use of a common shift actuator for the clutches K3 and K4, which preferably includes 3 shift positions (K3 to and K4 open, K3 and K4 closed, K3 open and K4 closed). Instead of two individual clutches K3 and K4, alternatively, a double clutch can be used to save installation space.
Die Kupplung K1 kann auch auf der Welle der Kupplung K3 angeordnet werden. Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Positionierung auf der Welle der Verbrennungskraftmaschine zwischen beiden Getriebestufen, da dann bei geöffneter Kupplung K1 auch die Getriebestufe I nicht mitgeschleppt werden muss. Dies gilt auch für die Getriebe B und C.The clutch K1 can also be arranged on the shaft of the clutch K3. Particularly advantageous is the positioning on the shaft of the internal combustion engine between the two gear stages, since then with the clutch K1 open and the gear I must not be dragged. This also applies to the gears B and C.
In allen Varianten befindet sich die Kupplung K2 außerhalb des Getriebes, um z.B. die serienmäßig vorhandene Einscheiben-Trockenkupplung zu nutzen. Technisch vorteilhaft kann auch eine Anordnung innerhalb des Getriebes, z.B. als nasslaufende Kupplung, sein.In all variants, the clutch K2 is located outside of the transmission, e.g. to use the standard single-disc dry clutch. Technically advantageous may also be an arrangement within the transmission, e.g. as a wet-running clutch.
Ist der Generator als Elektromaschine ausgeführt, die auch als Elektromotor verwendet werden kann, kann auch bei stehendem Fahrzeug die Verbrennungskraftmaschine durch die Elektromaschine angelassen werden.If the generator is designed as an electric machine, which can also be used as an electric motor, the internal combustion engine can be started by the electric machine even when the vehicle is stationary.
In Figur 3b können die unterschiedlichen Betriebszustände des in der Figur 3a gezeigten Getriebes A betrachtet werden. Kupplungen, die geschlossen sind, sind mit "x" gekennzeichnet, offene Kupplungen dagegen mit "-". Bei einem rein elektromaschinellen Betrieb kann durch Schließen der Kupplung K1 elektromotorisch gefahren werden. Bei Schließen der Kupplung K2 kann der vorhandene Generator bei Schub rekuperieren, d.h. elektrische Energie erzeugen. Beim verbrennungsmotorischen Fahren kann mittels Schließen der Kupplung K3 Drehmoment von der Verbrennungskraftmaschine auf die Räder übertragen werden. Wiederum kann bei einer Schubsituation durch Schließen der Kupp- lung K2 der Generator rekuperieren. Sollte der Fahrer eine hohe Beschleunigung anfordern, so kann durch das Schließen der Kupplungen K1 und K3 ein höheres Drehmoment durch die Addition der Drehmomente der Verbrennungskraftmaschine als auch des Elektromotors auf die Räder übertragen werden.In Figure 3b, the different operating conditions of the transmission A shown in Figure 3a can be considered. Clutches that are closed are marked with "x", while open clutches are marked with "-". In a purely electromechanical operation can be driven by closing the clutch K1 electric motor. When closing the clutch K2, the existing Recuperate generator when thrust, ie generate electrical energy. In internal combustion engine driving torque can be transmitted from the internal combustion engine to the wheels by closing the clutch K3. Once again, the generator can recuperate when the clutch K2 closes in the event of a thrust. Should the driver request a high acceleration, by closing the clutches K1 and K3, a higher torque can be transmitted to the wheels by adding the torques of the internal combustion engine as well as of the electric motor.
In Figur 4b können die einzelnen Betriebzustände des in der Figur 4a gezeigten Getriebes betrachtet werden. Kupplungen, die geschlossen sind, sind mit "x" gekennzeichnet, offene Kupplungen dagegen mit "-". Im Betriebszustand "Elektromotorisch Fahren" kann der Elektromotor durch das Schließen der Kupplung K1 Drehmoment auf die Räder übertragen. Im Schubbetrieb kann durch das Schließen der Kupplungen K3 und K4 der vorhandene Generator elektrische Energie erzeugen. Im Betriebszustand "Verbrennungsmotorisch fahren" kann durch die geschlossene Kupplungen K2 und K3 Drehmoment vom Verbrennungsmotor auf die Räder übertragen werden. In der Rekuperierphase wird durch das Schließen der Kupplungen K3 und K4 elektrische Energie im Gene- rator erzeugt. Verlangt der Fahrer nach großer Beschleunigung, können die Verbrennungskraftmaschine und der Elektromotor gemeinsam durch das Schließen der Kupplungen K1 , K2 und K3 Drehmoment auf die Räder übertragen. Ein weiterer Betriebszustand kann das "Laden des Akkumulators über den Verbrennungsmotor" sein, wobei der Akkumulator parallel zum elektromotori- sehen Fahren über das Schließen der Kupplungen K1 , K2 und K4 bei einer laufenden Verbrennungskraftmaschine geladen werden kann. Steht das Fahrzeug, so kann der Akkumulator durch das Schließen der Kupplungen K2 und K4 durch die Verbrennungskraftmaschine aufgeladen werden.FIG. 4b shows the individual operating states of the transmission shown in FIG. 4a. Clutches that are closed are marked with "x", while open clutches are marked with "-". In the operating state "electromotive driving", the electric motor can transmit torque to the wheels by closing the clutch K1. In overrun mode, the existing generator can generate electrical energy by closing the clutches K3 and K4. In the operating state "drive internal combustion engine" can be transmitted from the engine to the wheels by the closed clutches K2 and K3 torque. In the recuperation phase, closing the clutches K3 and K4 generates electrical energy in the generator. If the driver requires great acceleration, the internal combustion engine and the electric motor can jointly transmit torque to the wheels by closing the clutches K1, K2 and K3. Another operating state may be the "charging of the accumulator via the internal combustion engine", wherein the accumulator can be loaded parallel to the electromotive driving on the closing of the clutches K1, K2 and K4 in a running internal combustion engine. Stands the vehicle, the accumulator can be charged by closing the clutches K2 and K4 by the internal combustion engine.
Alternativ kann im Getriebe A der Elektromotor oder der Generator und dessen Kupplung am Verbrennungsmotor abgewandten Ende der Welle montiert sein, wenn keine Getriebestufe iι notwendig sein sollte. Alternativ kann im Getriebe A der Generator und der Elektromotor in einer E- lektromaschine zusammengefasst werden. Dadurch können auch die Kupplungen K1 und K2 in einer Kupplung zusammengefasst werden. Die Betriebszu- stände dieses Getriebes ändern sich zu Figur 3b so, dass alle mit "x" gekenn- zeichneten Stellen der Kupplungen K1 und K2 in einer gemeinsamen Kupplung übernommen werden und nur im "Zug" beim "Verbrennungsmotorisch fahren" die gemeinsame Kupplung offen ist.Alternatively, in the transmission A, the electric motor or the generator and its clutch may be mounted on the engine remote end of the shaft, if no transmission stage iι should be necessary. Alternatively, in the transmission A, the generator and the electric motor can be combined in an electric machine. As a result, the clutches K1 and K2 can be combined in a clutch. 3b, the operating states of this transmission change in such a way that all points of the clutches K1 and K2 marked with "x" are taken over in a common clutch and the common clutch is only open in the "train" when "driving the internal combustion engine" ,
Die Positionen der Elektromaschine und deren Kupplung können bei den in Fi- gur 3a gezeigten Positionen des Generators und dessen Kupplung, des Elektromotors und dessen Kupplung oder bei der Position am Verbrennungsmotor abgewandten Ende der Welle sein.The positions of the electric machine and its coupling can be at the end of the shaft facing away from the position on the internal combustion engine in the positions of the generator and its coupling shown in FIG. 3 a, the electric motor and its coupling.
Alternativ kann im Getriebe B der Elektromotor und dessen Kupplung am Verbrennungsmotor abgewandten Ende der Welle montiert sein, wenn keine Getriebestufe i| notwendig sein sollte.Alternatively, in the transmission B, the electric motor and its clutch may be mounted on the end of the shaft facing away from the engine, if no gear stage i | should be necessary.
Die in den Getrieben A bis C vorhandenen Elektromotoren, Generatoren und Verbrennungskraftmaschinen können Bestandteile des in der hier offenbarten Aggregates zur Erhöhung der Reichweite sein. Die weiteren Bauteile des Aggregates können durch Bauteile des Getriebes verwendet werden.The present in the transmissions A to C electric motors, generators and internal combustion engines may be components of the disclosed in the disclosed unit to increase the range. The other components of the unit can be used by components of the transmission.
In einem Fahrzeug soll durch die Kombination von parallelem und seriellem Hybrid eine hohe Systemverfügbarkeit vorhanden sein. Im Gegensatz zu der oben beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen soll dies durch eine einfachere Konstruktion mit einer geringeren Bauteilzahl ermöglicht werden.In a vehicle, the combination of parallel and serial hybrid should provide high system availability. In contrast to the embodiments described above, this is to be made possible by a simpler design with a smaller number of components.
Ein Getriebe D mit Kupplungen soll auf hocheffiziente Weise folgende Aufgaben erfüllen: Das Koppeln und Trennen mehrere Kraft- und Arbeitsmaschinen realisieren, eine Drehzahlausgleich bei Kurvenfahrt durchführen und elektromotorisches und/oder verbrennungsmotorisches Fahren sowie Beschleunigungsfunktion (auch "Boost-Funktion") ermöglichen. Zudem kann eine im Fahrzeug befindli- che Kraftmaschine während der Fahrt (als serieller Hybrid) oder auch bei stehendem Fahrzeug ein Akkumulator laden.A gearbox D with clutches should perform the following tasks in a highly efficient manner: Coupling and separating implement several power and working machines, perform a speed compensation during cornering and electromotive and / or internal combustion engine driving and acceleration function (also "boost function") allow. In addition, an in-vehicle che engine while driving (as a serial hybrid) or even when the vehicle is charging an accumulator.
Die Figur 6a beinhaltet das Getriebe D. K1 und K2 stellen Kupplungen dar.FIG. 6a includes the transmission D. K1 and K2 represent clutches.
Die Elektromaschine kann als Generator oder als Elektromotor betrieben werden und kann als Primärantrieb dienen.The electric machine can be operated as a generator or as an electric motor and can serve as a prime mover.
Bei Verwendung einer Elektromaschine, die im Betrieb höhere Drehzahlen als ein Verbrennungsmotor erreichen kann, kann eine Getriebestufe zwischen der Elektromaschine und dem dargestellten Getriebe erforderlich sein.When using an electric machine that can reach higher speeds of operation than an internal combustion engine during operation, a gear stage between the electric machine and the illustrated transmission may be required.
Die Übersetzung der Stufe in ist vorzugsweise derart gewählt, dass das Fahrzeug im Bereich höherer Fahrgeschwindigkeit (beispielsweise größer als 100 km/h) auch verbrennungsmotorisch fahren kann.The translation of the stage in is preferably chosen such that the vehicle can drive in the region of higher driving speed (for example, greater than 100 km / h) also combustion engine.
Bei einer Ausführung der Stufe in mit mindestens zwei schaltbaren Gängen kann der Verbrennungsmotor auch den Bereich kleiner Fahrgeschwindigkeit (beispielsweise kleiner als 100 km/h) abdecken. Die Schaltbarkeit kann vor- zugsweise unter Last durchgeführt werden, so dass keine Zugkraftunterbrechung erfolgt.In an embodiment of the stage in with at least two switchable gears, the internal combustion engine can also cover the range of low driving speed (for example, less than 100 km / h). The switchability can preferably be carried out under load, so that no interruption of traction occurs.
In Figur 6b können die einzelnen Betriebzustände des in der Figur 6a gezeigten Getriebes D betrachtet werden. Kupplungen, die geschlossen sind, sind mit "x" gekennzeichnet, offene Kupplungen dagegen mit "-". Beim Zustand "Elektromotorisch fahren" kann durch Schließen der Kupplung K2 Drehmoment von der Elektromaschine auf die Räder übertragen werden. Beim Rekuperieren kann die Elektromaschine durch das Schließen der Kupplung K2 im Schubbetrieb Energie erzeugen. Im Betriebszustand "Verbrennungsmotorisch fahren" kann durch das Schließen der Kupplungen K1 und K2 Drehmoment vom Verbrennungsmotor auf die Räder übertragen werden. Beim Rekuperieren wird die Kupplung K2 geschlossen, um in der Elektromaschine Energie im Schubbetrieb erzeugen zu können. Bei Anforderungen hoher Beschleunigung durch den Fahrer können die Kupplungen K1 und K2 geschlossen werden, wobei sowohl der Verbrennungsmotor als auch der Elektromotor Drehmoment an die Räder übertragen können. Der Betriebszustand "Laden des Akkumulators über Verbrennungsmotor" kann parallel zum elektromotorischen Fahren bei Schließen der Kupplungen K1 und K2 erfolgen. Bei einem stehenden Fahrzeug kann die Kupplung K1 geschlossen werden, so dass der Verbrennungsmotor die Elekt- romaschine zur Energieerzeugung antreibt.FIG. 6b shows the individual operating states of the transmission D shown in FIG. 6a. Clutches that are closed are marked with "x", while open clutches are marked with "-". In the state "driving electromotively" can be transmitted by closing the clutch K2 torque from the electric machine to the wheels. When Rekuperieren the electric machine can generate energy by closing the clutch K2 in coasting mode. In the operating state "drive internal combustion engine" can be transmitted from the engine to the wheels by closing the clutches K1 and K2 torque. When Rekuperieren the clutch K2 is closed in order to generate energy in overrun operation in the electric machine can. For high acceleration requirements by the driver, the clutches K1 and K2 can be closed, with both the Internal combustion engine and the electric motor can transmit torque to the wheels. The operating state "charging the accumulator via internal combustion engine" can take place parallel to the electromotive driving when the clutches K1 and K2 are closed. In a stationary vehicle, the clutch K1 can be closed so that the internal combustion engine drives the electric machine for power generation.
Die im Getriebe D vorhandene Elektromaschine und Verbrennungsmotor können Bestandteile des erfindungsgemäßen Konzepts sein, durch das es möglich ist, eine Einheit durch eine andere Einheit in einfacher Weise zu ersetzen, um die Charakteristik des Antriebsstrangs zu beeinflussen. Die weiteren Bauteile des Aggregates können durch Bauteile des Getriebes verwendet werden.The electric motor and internal combustion engine present in the transmission D can be components of the inventive concept, by means of which it is possible to easily replace a unit with another unit in order to influence the characteristics of the drive train. The other components of the unit can be used by components of the transmission.
Figur 1 zeigt ein Fahrzeug mit einer ersten Einheit 10, die als Akkumulator aus- geführt ist. In dieser Version weist das Fahrzeug einen reinen Elektroantrieb auf. Das Ausführungsbeispiel ist gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden MerkmaleFIG. 1 shows a vehicle with a first unit 10, which is designed as an accumulator. In this version, the vehicle has a pure electric drive. The embodiment is characterized by the following features
1 Akkumulator im Tunnel1 accumulator in the tunnel
2 Wahlweise zweiter Akkumulator im Motorraum 3 Plug-in Hybrid 220/ 380 V2 Optionally second accumulator in the engine compartment 3 Plug-in Hybrid 220/380 V
Zu beachten ist, dass Akkumulator aus fahrdynamischen Gründen vorzugsweise zwischen beiden Achsen angeordnet ist.It should be noted that for dynamic driving reasons, the accumulator is preferably arranged between the two axes.
Figur 2 zeigt das Fahrzeug der Figur 1 , nun aber mit einer zweiten Einheit 20, welche auch „Range Extender" genannt werden kann. Die Einheit 20 umfasst einen Verbrennungsmotor VKM bzw. eine Brennstoffzelle, einen Generator und eine Leistungselektronik. Es besteht keine direkte Koppelung zwischen VKM/ Brennstoffzelle und den Rädern 30 des Fahrzeugs)1, but now with a second unit 20, which may also be called a "range extender." The unit 20 comprises an internal combustion engine VKM or a fuel cell, a generator and power electronics between VKM / fuel cell and the wheels 30 of the vehicle)
Auf folgende Merkmale wird in Bezug auf Figur 2 hingewiesen: 1 Akkumulator im Tunnel Austausch eines Energiespeichers durch die Baueinheit "Range- Extender" mit "Verbrennungskraftmaschine, Generator und Leistungselektronik / Brennstoffzelle / Brennstoffzelle und Elektromotor" Erhöhen der Reichweite durch nachträglichen Einbau der Baueinheit "Range-Extender" mit "Verbrennungskraftmaschine, Generator und Leistungselektronik / Brennstoffzelle / Brennstoffzelle und E-Motor" Plug-in Hybrid 220/ 380 V Reference is made to the following features with reference to Figure 2: 1 accumulator in the tunnel Replacement of an energy storage by the unit "range extender" with "internal combustion engine, generator and power electronics / fuel cell / electric cell and electric motor" Increase the range by retrofitting the unit "range extender" with "internal combustion engine, generator and power electronics / fuel cell / fuel cell and Electric motor "Plug-in Hybrid 220/380 V

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Fahrzeug mit einem Antriebsstrang, der zumindest einen ersten Motor und ein Rad aufweist, wobei durch den Antriebsstrang ein Drehmoment vom ersten Motor auf das Rad übertragbar ist, und wobei wenigstens eine erste Einheit des Antriebsstrangs mit einer Schnittstelle verbunden ist, durch die eine einfache und schnelle Austauschbarkeit dieser Einheit möglich ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schnittstelle ausgelegt ist, mit einer zweiten, von der ersten Einheit verschiedenen Einheit verbunden zu werden, wobei beide Einheiten ausgelegt sind, elektrische Energie zu speichern, chemisch gebundene Energie in Rotationsenergie umzuwandeln, elektrische Energie in Rotationsenergie umzuwandeln und/oder Rotationsenergie in elektrische Energie umzuwandeln.A vehicle having a drive train having at least a first motor and a wheel, wherein by the drive train torque from the first motor to the wheel is transferable, and wherein at least a first unit of the drive train is connected to an interface through which a simple and rapid interchangeability of this unit is possible, characterized in that the interface is designed to be connected to a second, different from the first unit unit, wherein both units are designed to store electrical energy, convert chemically bound energy into rotational energy, electrical Convert energy into rotational energy and / or convert rotational energy into electrical energy.
2. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Einheit ein Akkumulator ist und die zweite Einheit einen Antrieb zur Erzeugung von Rotationsenergie umfasst.2. Vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the first unit is an accumulator and the second unit comprises a drive for generating rotational energy.
3. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Einheit einen Verbrennungsmotor umfasst.3. Vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second unit comprises an internal combustion engine.
4. Fahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Einheit eine Brennstoffzelle umfasst.4. Vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the second unit comprises a fuel cell.
5. Fahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Einheit einen Kraftstofftank und eine Abgasanlage umfasst.5. Vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the second unit comprises a fuel tank and an exhaust system.
6. Fahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schnittstelle einen Anschluss zur Übertragung elektrischer E- nergie und oder einen Anschluss zur Übertragung von Rotationsenergie aufweist. 6. Vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the interface has a connection for transmitting electrical energy e- and or a connection for transmitting rotational energy.
7. Fahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Einheit und die zweite Einheit vollautomatisch mit der Schnittstelle koppelbar sind und von der Schnittstelle entfernbar sind.7. Vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first unit and the second unit are fully automatically coupled to the interface and are removable from the interface.
8. Fahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Einheit und die zweite Einheit von einer Unterseite des Fahrzeugs her mit der Schnittstelle koppelbar ist.8. Vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the first unit and the second unit can be coupled from an underside of the vehicle forth with the interface.
9. Fahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Antriebsstrang ein Getriebe mit wenigstens einer ersten Kupplung umfasst, durch die eine Elektromaschine von dem Rad getriebetechnisch getrennt werden kann.9. Vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the drive train comprises a transmission with at least one first clutch, by means of which an electric machine can be separated by transmission from the wheel.
10. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das10. Vehicle according to claim 9, characterized in that the
Getriebe eine zweite Kupplung umfasst, durch ein Verbrennungsmotor von dem Rad getriebetechnisch getrennt werden kann. Transmission comprises a second clutch can be geared by a combustion engine of the wheel.
EP09796609A 2008-10-15 2009-10-15 Vehicle having drive train Ceased EP2344367A1 (en)

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PCT/EP2009/007498 WO2010043420A1 (en) 2008-10-15 2009-10-15 Vehicle having drive train

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WO2010043420A1 (en) 2010-04-22
US8459390B2 (en) 2013-06-11
EP2933128A1 (en) 2015-10-21
US20110203859A1 (en) 2011-08-25
CN102216131A (en) 2011-10-12
CN102216131B (en) 2013-10-16
CN103640556A (en) 2014-03-19

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