DE102010037731A1 - Plant and process for the production of fiber fleece based on glass fibers and fiber fleece produced therewith - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a plant and a process for the production of nonwoven fabric (FL), based on glass fibers and the nonwoven fabric (FL) produced therewith, in particular as semi-finished or final product, which is preferably used for insulation and / or insulation purposes. The plant for the production of fiber fleece based on glass fibers, consists of a fiber opening device for the resolution and oriented or non-oriented orientation of the glass fibers and formation of a batt (F), a first unit (3) for reorienting the oriented or non-oriented fibers of Fibrous web (F) in fibers occupying a random orientation, increasing the volume of the batt (F), reducing the density of the batt, a riser (2) which conveys the batt (F) from the fiber opening device to the first unit (3) , and a second unit (4) on which on a storage belt (7) a homogeneous single-layer fiber fleece (FL) with fibers in random position from the Felt (F) of the first unit (3) is formed, the basis weight of a multiple of the basis weight of the batt (F) is.

Description

The invention relates to a system and a method for the production of nonwoven fabric, based on glass fibers and thus produced nonwoven fabric, in particular as a semi-finished or final product, in particular for use for insulation and / or insulating purposes.

Numerous solutions for the production of a glass fiber fleece are known. It is also known to use glass fiber mats or nonwovens for insulating or insulating material.

Such a solution is for example in CH 358736 A1 described. To produce the glass fiber fleece, a jet of molten glass is discharged from a melting furnace and centrifuged by means of a drum rotating at 3000 revolutions per minute into fibers of 5 ft thick and several centimeters long. The hot glass fibers thus formed are sprayed with a 4% aqueous solution of a melamine resin. The glass fibers wetted with melamine resin form on a treadmill a nonwoven which passes an oven at such a rate that an air flow of 150 ° C for 105 seconds thereafter acts.

A similar solution for producing glass fiber mats of uniform consistency is disclosed in US Pat DE 105 77 42 B shown. Again, the glass fibers emerging from a nozzle are deposited directly on a moving conveyor belt, on which the fibers collect in the form of a mat. A binder is sprayed onto the fibers and the mat is passed through an oven where the binder dries. Subsequently, the mat can be compacted to a desired thickness. This manufacturing process is relatively expensive and it is not produced a very uniform web.

The publication DE 699 22 192 T2 relates to the production of artificial vitreous fiber (MMVF) fleeces with which the structure of the fleece is to be optimized. The apparatus comprises two centrifugal spinners having at least one shredding rotor mounted for rotation about a substantially horizontal axis, means for entraining the fibers of each spinner in a stream of air around at least one shredding rotor of each spinner, the stream of air having a flow field and thereby provides a single cloud of air entrained fibers. In a permeable conveyor, the fibers are collected as a web and then cross-laid on the web to form the web. Glass fiber mats are also known (eg. DE 37 21 715 A1 ), which are provided on one side with an aluminum lamination. Corresponding aluminum laminations, however, are complicated and cost-intensive and can be disadvantageous in the case of required electrical contacts. Furthermore, due to the lamination, which is usually present on only one side, the mounting position must be given special attention.

To DE 10 2004 021 453 A1 Nonwovens are produced which are a mixture of natural fibers, eg. As cellulose fibers of cotton or loosened, already mechanically and / or chemically treated wood cellulose (fluff pulp), synthetic matrix fibers such. As polyester, polypropylene or viscose and synthetic binder fibers such. B. so-called bicomponent fibers and, for example, as absorbent so-called superabsorbent polymers in particle (SAP) or fiber form (SAF) comply and are used, for example as a semi-finished for the production of diapers and sanitary napkins, absorbent pads for food industry or insulation material. An important step in the production of such a web is to deposit the fiber mixture as evenly as possible on an air-permeable transport or conveyor belt. This deposition is done by means of a forming head in which the fibers are mixed, wherein in a fiber processing space intermeshing needle rollers are arranged with parallel longitudinal axes, which can rotate about their respective longitudinal axis. The supplied by an air flow fibers enter between the intermeshing needle rollers through into the interior and also leave the interior between the intermeshing needle rollers. The needle rollers should contribute to the homogenization of the fiber distribution. The fibers are deposited on a conveyor belt as a fiber bed, which have a substantially same orientation. Subsequently, the fiber bed can be pressed.

In EP 0 384 551 B2 a carding machine for the production of randomly or longitudinally oriented nonwoven fabric is described, with at least one feed roller or the like., If necessary, a Vorwalze same in progress and at least three of the roughing rollers downstream, described in the same direction and preferably in opposite directions to the roughing roller working drums same diameter. Two working drums are in mutual engagement and their relative speed and / or mutual distance for controlling the proportion of the fiber material which can be stored back on the respective working drum on the one hand and the fiber material which can be transferred to the downstream working drum on the other hand is adjustable. The working drums are covered with cover boxes and are all consecutive to the extent of at least one in the same direction hereby running central roller, which has a larger diameter compared to the working drums. The relative speeds and / or the distance of the working drums on the one hand and the central roller (s) on the other hand are designed adjustable. This device has a complicated structural design.

A disadvantage of the aforementioned solutions is that over the width unevenly supplied fiber volume can lead to an irregular fiber fleece.

From the pamphlets DE 24 36 539 B2 . DE 10 2008 024 943 A1 . DE 103 29 648 A1 It is known that the construction of a nonwoven fabric for textile applications is preferably done by layering / paneling, with the aid of a cross / Kreuzlegers, which is followed by a carding. This structure is very complicated, since the cross / crosslapper represents a high-performance assembly, which is acted upon by very high speeds and requires a lot of space.

It is still from the publication DE 69803697 It is known that binders in the form of powder or similar materials are infiltrated via a high frequency field in a corresponding consolidated or unconsolidated nonwoven fabric in order to achieve a uniform binder distribution. By means of a downstream thermal hardening, a compact fiber mat can thus be produced. This process is a very expensive and expensive solution for the uniform introduction of binder and has the disadvantage of very high susceptibility under production conditions with a relatively high humidity.

The object of the invention is to develop a plant and a process for the production of fiber fleece based on glass fibers and a nonwoven fabric produced therewith, whereby a manufacturing method is provided with a simple structural design, which has a uniform distribution of the fibers over the entire width ensures the nonwoven fabric, wherein a single-layered homogeneous nonwoven fabric is created, which has excellent insulation and / or insulating properties.

This object is achieved with the features of the 1st, 11th and 14th claim. Advantageous embodiments emerge from the subclaims.

• – einer Faseröffnungseinrichtung zur Auflösung und zur orientierten oder nicht orientierten Ausrichtung der Glasfasern und Bildung eines Faserflors,
• – einer ersten Einheit zur Umorientierung der orientierten oder nicht orientierten Fasern des Faserflors in Fasern, die eine Wirrlage einnehmen, wobei das Volumen des Faserflors erhöht/die Dichte des Faserflors verringert wird,
• – einem Steigband (Transportmittel) welches den Faserflor aus der Faseröffnungseinrichtung zur ersten Einheit fördert,
• – einer zweiten Einheit, auf welcher auf einem Ablageband ein homogenes einlagiges Faservliese mit Fasern in Wirrlage aus dem Faserflor der ersten Einheit gebildet wird, dessen Flächengewicht ein Vielfaches des Flächengewichtes des Faserflors beträgt.

The inventive plant for the production of nonwoven mats based on glass fibers in particular for use for insulation and / or insulating purposes according to the invention consists of

• A fiber opening device for the dissolution and oriented or non-oriented orientation of the glass fibers and formation of a fiber web,
• A first unit for reorienting the oriented or unoriented fibers of the batt into fibers occupying a random orientation, increasing the volume of the batt / decreasing the density of the batt;
• A climbing belt (transport means) which conveys the batt from the fiber opening device to the first unit,
• - A second unit on which on a storage belt, a homogeneous single-layer fiber web with fibers in random position from the batt of the first unit is formed, the basis weight is a multiple of the basis weight of the batt.

The fiber opening device is preferably a carding unit for the resolution and oriented orientation of the fibers, wherein the carding unit outputs a batt with longitudinally oriented fibers,

• – eine erste Einheit zur Umorientierung der ausgerichteten Fasern des Faserflors in Fasern, die eine Wirrlage einnehmen, wobei das Volumen des Faserflors erhöht/die Dichte des Faserflors verringert wird, sowie
• – eine zweite Einheit zur Bildung eines homogenen einlagigen Faservlieses mit Fasern in Wirrlage aus dem Faserflor der ersten Einheit

miteinander kombiniert werden.Optionally, the carding unit can be replaced by a novel aggregate of the fiber opening. This aggregate of fiber opening allows the output of a non-oriented fiber batt. Depending on the degree of opening of the fibers, this unit can also be executed in multiple stages, so that, for example

• A first unit for reorienting the oriented fibers of the batt into fibers occupying a random orientation, increasing the volume of the batt / decreasing the density of the batt;
• - A second unit to form a homogeneous single-ply fiber fleece with fibers in random position from the batt of the first unit

be combined with each other.

The carding unit may be a conventional carding unit and is arranged in front of the first unit. The second unit, in which the nonwoven fabric is formed, is the first unit, in which the reorientation of the fibers of the batt occurs in a random orientation, downstream. Preferably, the first unit is arranged above the second unit.

The carding unit has at least one feed roller for picking up the fibers and at least two spaced-apart work rolls and a discharge roller, wherein the feed roller, the work rolls and the discharge roll are arranged around a central roll. With the work rolls, the fibers are separated and aligned in a defined direction. The diameter of the central roll is preferably larger than that Diameter of the feed roller, the work rolls and the delivery roller. Furthermore, the diameter of the delivery roller is selected to be larger than the diameter of the feed roller and the work rolls. The delivery roller is also called a transfer roller. It has a pure transport function, ie the fibers should be transported and not compacted or processed in any other way. Since after the feeder begins the processing, ie, the fibers dissolve, singulate and orient, the fiber mass must be distributed over a larger area. That's why we work with increasing speeds.

In order to ensure a uniform separation and alignment of the fibers, each work roll is advantageously preceded by a roll of smaller diameter. These rollers are also called turners, which have the task of removing the fiber excess on the work rolls and to press this back on the central roll. The smaller diameter is chosen so that not all fibers from the work rolls, but only the excess is withdrawn. The carding unit leaves a batt with oriented fibers at high speed.

Optionally, this carding unit can be replaced by a fiber opening and distribution unit. This fiber opening and distribution unit consists essentially of fiber opening aggregate and fiber distribution plant. The fiber-opening unit is characterized by at least one feed roller and a central roller which is equipped with needles or hook-like elements. Around the central roller at least one smaller roller is arranged, which in turn is equipped with needles or hook-like elements. Advantageously, at least one rigid needle bar is arranged in front of the smaller roller, which is combed through by the central roller. The fibers can be removed by air or mechanically via a delivery roller. Depending on the desired degree of opening of the fibers, several units can be operated in succession. Advantageously, the fiber-opening unit can be followed by a single-stage or multi-stage fiber distribution system. This fiber distribution system is characterized by the combination of a fiber storage with a subsequent uniform distribution of the fibers across the working width. The uniform distribution of the fibers over the working width is mainly due to the interaction of a needle or hook-like stocked band with appropriately arranged tee and back wiping rollers, the fibers are also fed via a conveyor belt needle-like or hook-like equipped band.

From the carding unit or the described fiber opening and distribution unit to the first unit, the uniform monolayer batt is transported at a high speed via a feed belt. In the first unit there is a reorientation of the uniformly aligned fibers of the batt into a random orientation. The volume of the batt is increased by a multiple, so that many air pockets are present in the batt.

For this purpose, the first unit for reorienting the fibers of the batt in a random position at least two rollers provided with needles and / or hooks.

It is also possible to combine the rollers provided with needles and / or hooks and a stream of air to reorient the fibers into a random orientation in the first unit.

The batt is transferred after the reorientation of the fibers into a random orientation from the first unit to the second unit, in which the formation of the homogeneous single-ply non-woven fabric is carried out with random fibers. For this purpose, the second unit preferably builds the nonwoven fabric on a storage belt by means of negative pressure. The thickness of the homogeneous nonwoven fabric can be adjusted by changing the advance speed of the storage belt. By reducing the advance speed of the deposit belt, an increase of up to 50 times the pile weight of the produced nonwoven fabric compared to the pile weight of the fiber web which is supplied to the first unit can be achieved.

The nonwoven fabric is dispensed from the second unit and can then be supplied to a solidification device.

With an additional arrangement of an aggregate for binder introduction based on powder, granules and similar in or on the device according to the invention, optionally first unit or second unit, a non-woven fabric mainly of glass fibers can be produced, which is then fed to a thermal consolidation. Alternatively, other fibers or similar substances can be introduced, which then lead to a mixed fiber fleece. The introduction of these materials can be done with known powder, granular or fiber scatterers on or in the device according to the invention.

With or without consolidation, the nonwoven fabric can be provided with a surface seal on one or both sides. This is done in a coating device by means of water glass, plastic, adhesive or resin.

With the device according to the invention, a homogenous single-layer fiber fleece with predominantly glass fibers in random orientation is produced, the fiber fleece consisting of fibers which are reoriented from an oriented or an unoriented layer into a random orientation with an increase in volume / density reduction. The homogeneous fiber fleece contains many air pockets.

It is possible to produce a nonwoven fabric which has a very low basis weight or a low density / bulk density. In this case, minimum densities of up to 15 kg / m ^{3 are} possible if thermal bonding of the fiber fleece takes place and bulk densities of up to 50 kg / m ³ for needled nonwoven fabric, which was previously not feasible with conventional systems. The previously possible density / bulk density in generic methods with thermal consolidation is a minimum of about 30 kg / m ³ and a minimum of about 80 kg / m ³ for needled products.

The homogeneous single-layer fiber fleece consists in particular of endlessly drawn fibers (preferably glass fibers) with a uniform filament diameter, it being possible to combine different fibers and also to use natural fibers in combination with synthetic fibers for producing the fiber fleece.

In addition, the homogeneous monolayer nonwoven fabric may optionally be infiltrated with a binder and formed into a 3-dimensional fiber mat by subsequent reshaping.

Furthermore, the nonwoven fabric is advantageously provided on one or both sides with a surface seal. The surface seal is z. B. sprayed and is curable and z. B. of water glass, plastic, resin or adhesive. The surface seal eliminates the need for an otherwise required aluminum lining (which must be recycled separately). In contrast, the surface seal is much easier and less expensive to produce.

According to the method, the production of the non-woven fabric on the basis of glass fibers, in particular for insulation and / or insulating purposes, made of glass fibers, which are in the form of staple fibers. In a fiber opening device, a resolution and separation of the glass fibers into a batt with an oriented or non-oriented orientation of the glass fibers takes place. Subsequently, the batt is fed via a riser (transport means) of a first unit, in which a reorientation of the fibers of the batt into fibers, which take a random position, whereby the volume of the batt increases / the density of the batt is reduced. Subsequently, in a second unit on a storage belt, the laying of a homogeneous single-layer fiber fleece with fibers in random orientation takes place from the fiber pile of the first unit. In this case, the basis weight of the nonwoven fabric produced is a multiple of the basis weight of the batt.

Advantageously, the basis weight of the nonwoven fabric is adjustable by the speed of the storage belt. If the speed of the deposit belt is reduced compared to the speed of the riser, a higher nonwoven with a higher basis weight is produced. By reducing the advance speed of the storage belt, it is thus possible to achieve up to a 50-fold increase in the pile weight of the produced nonwoven fabric in comparison to the pile weight of the nonwoven fabric, which is supplied to the first unit, thereby producing a single-layered homogeneous fiber non-woven fabric.

It is also possible to infiltrate into the batt binder, granules or other additional fibers individually or in combinations. This is done with a feed arrangement, which is arranged above the riser belt and / or above or in the first unit and from which the particular free-flowing substances are scattered onto the fiber web. In the first unit, the substances are then incorporated / infiltrated into the batt, so that the fiber web reaching out of the second unit is thus uniformly interspersed.

The non-woven fabric according to the invention, which is based on glass fibers as a semi-finished or final product, especially for insulation and / or insulating uses, is a homogeneous single-layer fiber fleece of glass fibers, wherein the glass fibers from an oriented or non-oriented layer (in the batt) in a random orientation is reoriented by increasing the volume / decreasing the density (of the nonwoven fabric).

The nonwoven fabric has a minimum density of up to 15 kg / m ³ , when thermal bonding of the nonwoven fabric takes place. If the nonwoven fabric was needled, the minimum apparent density is up to 50 kg / m ³ . Furthermore, the nonwoven fabric has a uniform filament diameter of the glass fibers (preferably at the same length) and consists of endlessly drawn glass fiber which has been separated into fibers of preferably equal length, which then form as staple fibers the starting base for the production of the nonwoven fabric.

It is possible to provide the nonwoven fabric on one or both sides with a surface seal which is in particular curable and preferably consists of waterglass, plastic, resin or adhesive. Furthermore, binder, granules or other additional fibers can be infiltrated individually or in their combinations in the nonwoven fabric. By the Binder is possible to produce from the nonwoven fabric by three-dimensional forming moldings (also in the layer / sandwich construction with other materials).

The nonwoven fabric can be used after appropriate cutting as insulating and / or insulating mat and / or as a reinforcing or stiffening application and as already described above three-dimensionally formed.

With the invention, a nonwoven fabric is created, which has a very large volume. Made from insulating mats or insulation mats, have excellent insulation or insulation properties due to the many air pockets. The thickness of the insulating mats can be significantly reduced. So z. Example, with a insulating mat of glass fibers, which has a thickness of 16 mm and a density of 65 kg / m ³ , a conventional insulating mat (aluminum cladding) with a thickness of 20 mm and a density of 32 kg / m ³ replaced ,

The insulating mats are used for example in domestic or kitchen appliances or in vehicles for insulation and / or insulation purposes.

Furthermore, it is possible to produce moldings therefrom which serve, for example, as support and / or stiffening or reinforcing elements and are used in particular in the vehicle sector.

By using the thinner insulating mats, it is possible, for. B. in cookers to increase the cooking space. When using the insulating mats from the novel non-woven fabric, which have a thickness of 20 mm as the previous insulating mats, the energy consumption can be significantly reduced. The fibers used are in particular drawn glass fibers with a uniform filament diameter of 0.009 to 0.025 mm and a length of up to 200 mm. However, it is also possible to use or to incorporate other organic or inorganic fibers.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment and associated drawings. Show it:

1 the schematic diagram of a plant for the production of nonwoven fabric using a carding unit 1 in three-dimensional representation,

2 the side view according to 1 ,

3 the schematic diagram of a plant for the production of nonwoven fabric using a carding unit 1 and with a subsequent coating device and a solidification device in the side view,

4 the schematic diagram of a plant for the production of nonwoven fabric using a fiber opening and distribution unit 10 in the front view.

According to 1 to 3 If the system consists of a fiber opening device in the form of a carding unit 1 , which recycled and already partially opened fibers are supplied. The starting base thereby form bundle-like coherent glass fibers in the form of staple fibers with a length of up to 200 mm with a diameter of 0.009 to 0.025 mm, which were produced from drawn continuous fibers.

In the clutter unit 1 the singulation into individual fibers and their oriented orientation takes place. The carding unit 1 has a pickup roller 1.1 for picking up the fibers, two spaced work rolls 1.2 each with a roller 1.3 (Wender) is assigned, and a delivery roller 1.4 on. The rollers 1.1 to 1.4 are around a central roll 1.5 arranged around.

From the carding unit 1 the single-ply fiber web F produced therefrom from the glass fibers (see 3 ) on a conveyor belt / riser 2 and becomes high speed through this to the first unit 3 transported, in which the substantially aligned in one direction fibers of the batt F are reoriented into a random orientation.

The volume of the batt F is substantially increased and can be mixed with other materials.

During the transport of the fibrous web F, the fibrous web F can be treated with a binder, granules G (eg of thermoplastic material) or other fibers from a scattering unit 2.1 infiltrated, for example, above the riser 2 (S. 3 ) is arranged or the scattering unit 2.1 will be on or in the unit 3 arranged (not shown). This makes it possible to thermally bond the fibers, which is important for subsequent three-dimensional forming. Furthermore, several scattering units can be used, for. B. a scattering unit for introducing binder, a further for introducing other fibers, etc ..

Under the first unit 3 is the second unit 4 into which the fibrous web F (see 3 ) now passes and in which of the fibers located in a heterogeneous monolayer fiber fleece FL is laid / formed. The first and the second unit 3 . 4 are indicated only schematically. The thickness and weight of the Non-woven fabric FL can be varied by different speed settings. It should be emphasized that up to 50-fold increase of the pile weight per unit area can be achieved without the usual crossing or crossing.

In the unit 4 is on a storage tape 7 the fibrous web FL formed by a conveyor belt 8th is transported further and z. B. is wound on a roll (not shown).

According to 3 The homogeneous single-layer fiber fleece FL thus produced can subsequently be applied by means of a coating device 5 be coated for surface sealing with water glass, plastic, adhesive or resin. After coating, the nonwoven fabric FL is solidified by a means for solidification 6 solidified, z. B. by needling or thermally.

The sealing of the nonwoven fabric FL can also be done only after solidification.

From the nonwoven FL mats are made or cut, which can be used in a variety of ways for thermal insulation and / or sound insulation.

The non-woven fabric FL or the mats produced therefrom have a soft, silk-like surface that no longer resembles glass fibers. Furthermore, in particular by the sealing and the needling no more glass fibers are released undesirable.

Alternatively, it is possible according to 4 the fiber opening device through a fiber opening and distribution unit 10 (the clutter unit 1 replaced), whereby a more favorable singulation and opening of the fibers is achieved while maintaining a non-oriented position here. The fiber opening and distribution unit 10 consists essentially of one or more fiber opening aggregates 11 (here two) as well as one or more fiber-singling plants 12 (here three) and replaces the entire conventional fiber opening section via pre-opening and carding (carding unit 1 and previously arranged means for partially separating and opening the fibers). At the same time by the directly behind one another arranged Faservereinzelungsanlagen 12 realized a uniform distribution over the entire working width. It is thus possible to produce an even higher volume of the batt F.

Each fiber opening aggregate 11 here has two feed rollers 11.1 and a central roll 11.2 , which is equipped with needles or hook-like elements (not labeled). Around each central roller 11.2 There are two smaller rollers around each 11.3 arranged, which in turn with needles or hook-like elements (not labeled) are equipped. Advantageously, between the feed rollers 11.1 and the following smaller roller 11.3 a rigid needle bar 11.4 arranged by the central roller 11.2 combed through. The fibers may be drawn off by air or mechanically via a delivery roller (not shown).

The two fiber opening aggregates 11 Here are the three fiber distribution systems 12 downstream, which are arranged directly behind one another. The fiber distribution systems are each a fiber storage 12.1 with a subsequent uniform distribution of the fibers over the working width by interaction of a needle or hook-like equipped band 12.2 with correspondingly arranged tee and return rollers 12.3 provided, the fibers also via a conveyor belt 12.4 the needle or hook-like equipped band 12.2 be supplied.

From the fiber opening and distribution unit 10 the single-ply fibrous web F, which is formed from the separated glass fibers, also passes over a riser 2 in the first unit 3 in which the fibers of the fibrous web F are reoriented into a random orientation. Under the first unit 3 is the second unit 4 into which the fibrous web F (see 3 ) now comes and in which the formation / laying of the homogeneous single-ply fiber fleece FL takes place with fibers in disposition. This can be the second unit 4 Build up the nonwoven fabric by means of negative pressure. Due to the fact that the existing fiberglass F already has a high volume, the volume of the second unit 4 laid fiber batt FL from the fibers located in Verwirlage even more increased, whereby the insulating properties improve even more than when using a carding unit.

Again, it is possible to attach binder / granules (eg of thermoplastic / phenolic material) or other fibers to the nonwoven web F or the nonwoven web FL.

The infiltration with thermoplastic / phenolic binder is preferably also on the riser 2 and / or in the first unit 3 by means of a scattering unit, not shown. The admixture of other fibers can be done at the beginning of the processing line and / or in the first unit. In the variant according to 4 it is also possible to use other fibers and / or binders in a fiber opening aggregate 11 and / or a Faservereinzungsanlage 12 To add the glass fibers, preferably by sprinkling by means of one or more scattering units, not shown.

According to an embodiment, not shown, it is also possible to use a plurality of fiber-opening devices, which may be configured the same or different. For example, a fiber opening device in the form of a fiber opening and distribution unit (acc. 4 ) and a fiber opening device in the form of a carding unit 1 ( 1 to 3 ) in front of the unit 3 be combined with each other. For example, at least one fiber opening and distribution unit and then at least one carding unit can be provided first.

The mats produced from the nonwoven fabric are largely elastic and thus return to their original thickness after being compressed.

There are no disturbing aluminum laminations present, which can have a negative effect, in particular with necessary electrical contacts. Furthermore, there is no special front or rear side, which makes the installation of the mats of the non-woven fabric according to the invention simpler.

By selectively introducing binder, granules or other fibers, a fiber mat can be produced after appropriate thermal or chemical solidification, which can take a 3-dimensional shape by subsequent forming.

The essential field of application are preferably kitchen appliances for private and / or commercial needs, in which a good thermal insulation is required, for. As cooking stoves, microwaves, Heißluftgargeräte, washing machines, dryers, etc. However, it is also possible to use the glass fiber mats in vehicles or in the construction industry. Depending on the field of application, it is possible to use simple single-layer glass fiber mats which may be coated on one or both sides (eg with water glass) and which are used, for example, in cookers or other aforementioned fields of application. Furthermore, it is possible to produce molded parts from thermo-consolidated single-layer glass fiber mats which serve, for example, as support and / or stiffening or reinforcing elements and are used in particular in the vehicle sector.

Alternatively, the glass fiber mats made from the nonwoven fabric can form the starting base as a semi-finished product for the production of moldings with a lamination or other layer structure. In this case, the glass fiber mats are infiltrated with a binder and in particular compressed together with the other materials to form a molding.

The nonwoven fabric can be used as continuous goods z. B. supplied to a consumer on a roll, which then cuts and further processed.

It is also possible to process the nonwoven fabric at its manufacturer to semi-finished or final products.

• – Faseröffnungseinrichtung (Krempeleinheit 1 und/oder Faseröffnungs- und Verteilungseinheit 10) in welcher eine Vereinzelung und Verteilung der Glasfasern zu einem Faserflor F aus losen Glasfasern erfolgt und der
• – ersten Einheit, in welcher die Glasfasern des Faserflors Fin eine Wirrlage bei einer Volumenvergrößerung umorientiert werden,

in Verbindung mit der zweiten Einheit 4, in welcher der Aufbau des Faservlieses FL mit einem größeren Flächengewicht im Vergleich zum Faserflor F erfolgt, ein Faservlies FL aus Glasfasern erzeugt werden, welches nur eine Lage aufweist und homogen ist und dabei eine größere Dicke hat, als das Faserflor F, welches die Ausgangsbasis bildet.By the use of continuous filament glass fibers of a uniform filament diameter, which have been separated into a uniform length and are present as staple fibers, can be achieved by the only two-stage processing in the

• - fiber opening device (carding unit 1 and / or fiber opening and distribution unit 10 ) in which a separation and distribution of the glass fibers to a batt F of loose glass fibers takes place and the
• - First unit in which the glass fibers of the fibrous web Fin a random orientation at a volume increase,

in connection with the second unit 4 in which the construction of the non-woven fabric FL with a larger basis weight compared to the batt F, a fiber web FL are produced from glass fibers, which has only one layer and is homogeneous and thereby has a greater thickness than the batt F, which is the starting point forms.

This was previously only possible with a complex laying technique in which several stretchers of the batt were superimposed using a cross-stacker.

The fact that can be dispensed with the crosslapper, which is expensive and requires a lot of space, a simple, inexpensive and a small space-requiring plant for the production of fiber fleece fiberglass is created, which also works much störunanfälliger compared to conventional solutions and low maintenance is.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

carding unit

1.1

pick-up roller

1.2

strippers

1.3

slice

1.4

delivery roller

1.5

central roll

2

Incline belt

2.1

scattering unit

3

first unit

4

second unit

5

coating unit

6

Device for solidification

7

depositing belt

8th

conveyor belt

10

Fiber opening and distribution unit

11

Fiber opening assembly

11.1

feed rollers

11.2

central roll

11.3

small rolls

11.4

needle bar

12

Fiber separation installations

12.1

fiber storage

12.2

tape

12.3

Tee and reverse rollers

F

batt

FL

non-woven fabric

G

granules

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• CH 358736 A1 [0003]
• DE 1057742 B [0004]
• DE 69922192 T2 [0005]
• DE 3721715 A1 [0005]
• DE 102004021453 A1 [0006]
• EP 0384551 B2 [0007]
• DE 2436539 B2 [0009]
• DE 102008024943 A1 [0009]
• DE 10329648 A1 [0009]
• DE 69803697 [0010]

Claims (18)

Plant for the production of fiber fleece based on glass fibers, in particular for insulating and / or insulating purposes consisting of - at least one fiber opening device for the dissolution and oriented or non-oriented orientation of the glass fibers and formation of a fibrous web (F), - a first unit ( 3 ) for reorienting the oriented or unoriented fibers of the batt (F) into fibers occupying a random orientation, increasing the volume of the batt / decreasing the density of the batt (F) - a transport / riser ( 2 ) which transfers the fiber web (F) from the fiber opening device to the first unit ( 3 ), - a second unit ( 4 ) on which on a storage belt ( 7 ) a homogeneous single-ply fiber fleece (FL) with fibers in random orientation from the batt (F) of the first unit ( 3 ) is formed whose basis weight is a multiple of the basis weight of the batt (F). Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the fiber opening device by a carding unit ( 1 ) and / or at least one fiber opening and distribution unit ( 10 ) is formed. Plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fiber-opening device ( 1 . 10 ) before the first unit ( 3 ) and that the second unit ( 4 ) of the first unit ( 3 ) is connected downstream. Plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first unit ( 3 ) and the second unit ( 4 ) are arranged one above the other. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that above the riser ( 2 ) and / or over / in the first unit ( 3 ) at least one scattering unit ( 2.1 ) for introducing binder, granules (G) or other fibers on / in the batt (F) is arranged. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first unit ( 3 ) for reorienting the fibers of the fibrous web (F) into a random orientation at least two rollers provided with needles and / or hooks. Plant according to claim 6, characterized in that in the first unit ( 3 ) the rollers and an air stream are combined to reorient the fibers into a random orientation. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the second unit ( 4 ) the homogeneous single-layer fiber fleece (FL) with an up to 50-fold increase of the pile weight from the fibers in the randomized state by means of negative pressure on the storage belt ( 7 ). Installation according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the second unit ( 4 ) a solidification facility ( 5 ) (thermal consolidation or mechanical consolidation / needling) of the nonwoven fabric (FL). Installation according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises a coating device ( 6 ) for surface sealing of the fibrous web (FL) on one or both sides by means of water glass or plastic or adhesive or resin. Process for the production of fiber fleece on the basis of glass fibers, in particular for insulating and / or insulating purposes - wherein from glass fibers, which are in the form of staple fibers, in a fiber opening device, a resolution and separation of the glass fibers to a batt (F) with an oriented or non-oriented orientation of the glass fibers, the fibrous web (F) via a riser ( 2 ) of a first unit ( 3 ), in which a reorientation of the fibers of the batt (F) into fibers taking a random orientation takes place, whereby the volume of the batt (F) is increased / the density of the batt (F) is reduced - and subsequently in a second unit ( 4 ) on a storage belt ( 7 ) a homogeneous single-ply fiber fleece (FL) with fibers in random orientation from the batt (F) of the first unit ( 3 ) is produced, the basis weight is a multiple of the basis weight of the batt (F). A method according to claim 11, characterized in that the basis weight of the batt (F) by the speed of the storage belt ( 7 ) is set. Method according to one of claims 11 or 12, characterized in that in the batt (F) binder, granules or other additional fibers are infiltrated individually or in combinations. Non-woven fabric based on glass fibers as a semi-finished product or final product, in particular for insulating and / or insulating purposes, wherein the non-woven fabric (FL) is a homogeneous single-layer fiber fleece (FL) and the glass fibers are oriented or unoriented in a random orientation as the volume increases / Reduction of density are reoriented. Nonwoven fabric according to claim 14, characterized in that this has a minimum density of up to 15 kg / m ³ , when a thermal hardening of the nonwoven fabric takes place and that this has a minimum density of up to 50 kg / m ³ in needled nonwoven fabric. Nonwoven fabric according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that it consists of drawn continuous fibers which are in staple form and has a uniform filament diameter of the fibers. Nonwoven fabric according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that it has on one or both sides a surface seal which is in particular curable and preferably made of water glass, plastic, resin or adhesive and / or that the nonwoven fabric (FL) with binder, granules (G) or other additional fibers individually or in their combinations infiltrated. Nonwoven fabric according to one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that it is used as an insulating and / or insulating mat and / or as a reinforcing or stiffening part and, if necessary, reshaped in three dimensions.

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