DE102010018318A1 - Coupling system for a hybrid energy system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a coupling system (100) for a hybrid energy system comprising a heat pump device (110) and a combined heat and power device (120) with at least one coupling device (130) for coupling the heat pump device (110) and the combined heat and power device (120) ). It is an object of the invention to create a device and a method that realizes a coupling for a heat pump device (110) and a combined heat and power device (120) low resource consumption should be guaranteed. The invention is characterized in that the at least one coupling device (130) has an electrical coupling unit and / or a hydraulic coupling unit, which are designed to be switchable for coupling the heat pump device (110) and the combined heat and power device (120). The invention also relates to an energy transformation system for generating heat and / or cold and a method for energy transformation with a coupling system (100).

Description

The invention relates to a coupling system for a hybrid energy plant comprising a heat pump device and a combined heat and power device with at least one coupling device for coupling the heat pump device and the combined heat and power device according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to an energy transformation system with a heat pump device for Generation of heat and / or cold and a cogeneration device for generating electricity and / or heat according to the preamble of claim 10. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for energy transformation with a coupling system according to the preamble of claim 12.

Combined heat and power devices are well known in the domestic and supply engineering of buildings. These devices generate both power and heat by supplying a fuel, such as oil or wood. They have a high overall efficiency, as the heat, which is actually a by-product of power generation, can be used to heat the building. Combined heat and power plants are available in a wide power range, from 1 kW to 150 MW electrical power, with total efficiencies of over 90% in the market.

Furthermore, heat pumps are well known. These are thermodynamic machines, which are powered by an auxiliary power and can realize an increase or decrease in the temperature of a medium. Heat pumps are used both as so-called chillers, for example as refrigerators, for lowering a temperature level and as heat machines for raising a temperature level. Such heat pumps can raise or lower a large proportion of ambient heat to a usable temperature level with a small proportion of supplied drive energy.

It is also known to employ heat pumps reversibly, that is to use the drive energy both for raising a temperature level, for example for heating or hot water preparation, as well as for lowering a temperature level, for example for air conditioning or cooling. This is possible by switching over the refrigeration cycle, for example by means of a 4-way valve.

A direct combination of these two technologies, ie a hybrid energy plant from a combined heat and power plant and a heat pump, which is simultaneously or in principle able to generate electricity, heat and cold, is not yet known.

The invention has for its object to provide an apparatus and a method which realizes a coupling for a heat pump device and a combined heat and power device, with a high overall efficiency and low resource consumption should be guaranteed in relation to already known non-coupled systems. This should continue to be used not only the waste heat of the engine heat pump as efficient as possible, but above all the environmental heat can be raised to a usable temperature level and / or lowered.

This is achieved by the objects with the features of claim 1, of claim 10 and claim 12 according to the invention. Advantageous developments can be found in the dependent claims.

The coupling system according to the invention for a hybrid power plant, comprising a heat pump device and a combined heat and power device with at least one coupling device for coupling the heat pump device and the combined heat and power device, is characterized in that the at least one coupling device, an electrical coupling unit and / or a hydraulic Coupling unit, which are designed to be switchable for coupling the heat pump device and the cogeneration device.

In an advantageous embodiment of the coupling system according to the invention it is provided that the coupling device comprises a fuel-powered engine. In a further advantageous embodiment of the coupling system according to the invention it is provided that the coupling device comprises a gearbox coupled to the engine.

In yet another advantageous embodiment of the coupling system according to the invention, it is provided that the coupling device comprises an electric motor coupled to the transmission in order to transmit a translated force to or from the electric machine via the engine.

In another advantageous embodiment of the coupling system according to the invention it is provided that the coupling device comprises a compressor coupled to the transmission in order to transmit a translated force to the compressor. In yet another advantageous embodiment of the present coupling system is provided that the Coupling device comprises a control device for switching the coupling system.

An advantageous embodiment of the present invention provides that the control device comprises a motor control unit for controlling the motor.

In another advantageous embodiment of the coupling system according to the invention it is provided that the control device comprises a power electronics unit for power-dependent control of the coupling system.

In addition, in another advantageous embodiment of the coupling system according to the invention, it is provided that the control device comprises an interface unit in order to realize a connection to further components.

The energy transformation system according to the invention with a heat pump device for generating heat and / or cold and a combined heat and power device for generating electricity and / or heat, is characterized in that the heat pump device and the combined heat and power device via at least one inventive coupling system with each other are coupled.

In an advantageous embodiment of the energy transformation system, it is provided that the heat pump device is switchably coupled to the engine and / or the electric motor via the compressor and / or the transmission.

The method according to the invention for energy transformation with a coupling system according to the invention, comprising the steps of operating a heat pump device and operating a combined heat and power device, is characterized in that the heat pump device and the cogeneration device are switchably coupled together and energy of the one device for the each other device is optionally provided.

In an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, it is provided that the switching comprises switching between different operating modes. In another advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, it is provided that the switching of the operating modes comprises a switching over of the following operating modes selected from the following group: power generation and / or heat generation and / or refrigeration.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention it is provided that the coupling is performed electrically or electrically and hydraulically.

In yet another advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, it is provided that the coupling is carried out reversibly, so that switching is made from a power-generating operating mode to an energy-consuming operating mode

The following advantages are realized in particular with the coupling system according to the invention, the energy transformation system according to the invention and the method according to the invention for energy transformation:
By combining a compressor as part of the heat pump, a fuel-powered engine and an electric motor that can be used both as a motor and as a generator, the advantages of both technologies - heat pump and combined heat and power unit - are combined. With a trained as a hybrid power plant energy transformation system with a coupling system according to the invention can be generated with only a single device heat, cold, electricity and even the simultaneous generation of heat, cold and electricity.

In doing so, the operation is optimized in terms of target values such as primary energy consumption, CO ₂ emissions, profitability, supply and demand. This flexibility of operation is advantageous for decentralized energy management (DEM) in order to optimize energy flows and to adapt to the boundary conditions, for example a changing electricity tariff. If appropriate, this can also be important for the utility company.

• – Einzelbetrieb der Kraft-Wärme-Kopplungsvorrichtung mit Strom- und Wärmeerzeugung;
• – Kopplungsbetrieb der Kraft-Wärme-Kopplungsvorrichtung und der brennstoffbetriebenen Wärmepumpe mit Wärme- und anteilig geringer Stromerzeugung;
• – Kopplungsbetrieb der brennstoffbetriebenen Wärmepumpe mit Wärme- und Kälteerzeugung;
• – Kopplungsbetrieb der beispielsweise strombetriebenen Wärmepumpe mit Wärme- und Kälteerzeugung;
• – Gleichzeitiger Betrieb der Wärmepumpe mit Gas und Strom (Boosterfunktion)

The different operating modes are:

• - Single operation of the combined heat and power plant with electricity and heat generation;
• - Coupling operation of the combined heat and power plant and the fuel-powered heat pump with heat and proportionately low power generation;
• - coupling operation of the fuel-powered heat pump with heating and cooling;
• - coupling operation of, for example, current-driven heat pump with heating and cooling;
• - Simultaneous operation of the heat pump with gas and electricity (booster function)

Depending on need and application, the focus can be placed on electricity, heat or cooling.

Furthermore, the power modulation and power addition of the motor and the electric motor is advantageous. Here, the electric machine can take over the motor drive of the compressor of the heat pump. This principle would correspond to a vehicle hybrid. E-machine is understood here as an electric machine that can be operated both as a motor and as a generator.

Due to the addition of power, a peak load boiler, a so-called booster, can be omitted. This is interesting both in terms of the required installation space and in terms of investment costs, especially for private users. With the electrical coupling, the system can be operated in the smallest space. A compact outdoor unit combined with a wall-mounted micro-cogeneration device can cover the energy needs of an entire building. Furthermore, the exhaust gas cooled by a heat exchanger of the engine can still be used as an additional heat source for the heat pump.

In addition, mechanically or electrically coupled into the system according to the invention, a Stirling engine, which also achieves a good primary energy factor with an external heat source a relatively low thermal efficiency and, for example, the fuel wood. Furthermore, a gas turbine and a fuel cell can be electrically coupled into the system according to the invention.

Overall, especially the flexibility and the versatility in the application of such a hybrid power plant advantage.

The drawings illustrate several embodiments of the invention and show in the figures:

1 prinizipielles block diagram of the coupling system of a hybrid energy plant according to the invention,

2 Block diagram of a single operation of the cogeneration device,

3 Block diagram of a first operating mode of the coupling operation of the cogeneration device and heat pump,

4 1 is a block diagram of a second mode of operation of the coupling operation of the cogeneration device and heat pump;

5 1 is a block diagram of a third mode of operation of the coupling operation of the cogeneration device and heat pump;

6 1 is a block diagram of a fourth mode of operation of the coupling operation of the cogeneration device and heat pump;

7 1 is a block diagram of a fifth mode of operation of the coupling operation of the cogeneration device and heat pump;

8th : Circuit diagram of a first electrical coupling,

9 : Circuit diagram of a second electrical coupling,

10 : Circuit diagram of a first hydraulic coupling,

11 : Circuit diagram of a second hydraulic coupling.

The 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a coupling system 100 for a hybrid power plant comprising a heat pump device 110 and a cogeneration device 120 with at least one coupling device 130 for coupling the heat pump device 110 and the cogeneration device 120 , In this case, the at least one coupling device 130 an electrical coupling unit and / or a hydraulic coupling unit, which is for a coupling of the heat pump device 110 and the cogeneration device 120 are executed switchable. The electrical coupling unit or the hydraulic coupling unit are not explicitly shown here.

The hybrid power plant has on the one hand a fuel supply 40 and a power supply 41 on the one hand and a dissipation for the heat generated 42 , the cold produced 43 and the electricity generated 44 , Furthermore, the coupling device comprises 130 a fuel-powered engine 20 , one with the engine 20 coupled gearbox 21 and one with the gearbox 21 coupled electric machine 22 which about the engine 20 is driven and a translated force to or from the electric motor 22 transfers. The gear 21 can be designed for example as a planetary gear or as a differential gear. With the transmission 21 is also a compressor 23 the heat pump device 110 coupled to a translated force to the compressor 23 transferred to.

For controlling and switching the coupling system 100 includes the coupling device 130 a control device 30 including, among others, the following components: an engine control unit 31 for controlling the engine 20 , a power electronics unit 32 for power-dependent control of the coupling system 100 and an interface unit 33 in order to realize a connection to other components.

The energy transformation system according to the invention, which according to the 1 when Hybrid energy plant is formed with a heat pump device 110 to generate heat 42 and / or cold 43 and a combined heat and power device 120 for generating electricity 44 and / or heat 42 includes the coupling of the heat pump device 110 with the combined heat and power device 120 via at least the coupling system 100 , In this case, in particular, the heat pump device 110 over the compressor 23 and / or the transmission 21 with the engine 20 and / or the electric machine 22 switchable coupled.

The little double arrows between gears 21 and engine 20 or electric machine 22 or compressor 23 characterize a generally existing connection between these components, via which an energy transport is possible.

The 2 to 7 each show block diagrams of the different operating modes of the coupling system 100 according to 1 , The components can in this case via a suitable transmission 21 , which allows power branching and addition, to be coupled. The components of the hybrid energy system addressed by the respective operating modes are shown hatched. In the 8th to 11 are the different coupling possibilities of the coupling system 100 described.

The 2 shows a block diagram of the standard single operation of the cogeneration device 120 , This is under supply of a fuel 40 the electric machine 22 over the engine 20 driven. The motor 20 and the electric machine 22 are about the gearbox 21 connected with each other. This is electricity 44 generates and at the same time the waste heat of the engine 20 to generate heat 42 used. The arrow 50 indicates the direction of the main energy flow from the engine 20 to the electric machine 23 , In such an operating mode, the overall efficiency of the hybrid power plant according to the invention is approximately 90%.

The 3 shows a block diagram of a first mode of operation of the coupling operation of the cogeneration device 120 and the heat pump 110 , This is the compressor 23 the heat pump 110 about that with the fuel 40 powered engine 20 driven. The waste heat of the engine 20 is also used in this mode of operation to generate heat 42 used. The heat pump can be used for cooling purposes 110 reversible, thus, in principle, the generation of heat 42 and cold 43 possible. Any applications for this are the hot water and the cooling of an apartment in the summer. The arrow 51 identifies the direction of the main energy flow from the engine 20 to the heat pump 110 ,

The 4 shows a block diagram of a second mode of operation of the coupling operation of the cogeneration device 120 and the heat pump 110 , This is the compressor 23 the heat pump 110 over with electricity 41 operated electric machine 22 driven. The arrow 52 identifies the direction of the main energy flow from the electric motor 23 to the heat pump 110 , The heat pump 110 uses regenerative environmental heat in this mode of operation. The heat pump can be used for cooling purposes 110 be operated reversibly here and then cold 43 produce. The current 41 for the operation of the electric machine 22 For example, it can be fed from the power grid or from renewable sources, such as a photovoltaic system.

The 5 shows a block diagram of a third mode of operation of the coupling operation of the cogeneration device 120 and the heat pump 110 , In this operating mode there is a power addition of the two drive sources - motor 20 and electric machine 22 - in front. These are the engine 20 and the electric machine 22 over the transmission 21 coupled together. The maximum output of the compressor 23 the heat pump 110 can thus be increased by adding both drive sources. Such a power modulating operation of the heat pump 110 is either by modulation of the motor 20 or the electric machine 22 realizable. This is the engine 20 continue from a fuel 40 powered and the electric machine 22 by electricity 41 , In this mode of operation can both heat 42 as well as cold 43 be generated. The arrows 51 and 52 respectively denote the directions of the main energy flows from the drive sources 20 and 23 to the heat pump 110 ,

The 6 shows a block diagram of a fourth mode of operation of the coupling operation of the cogeneration device 120 and the heat pump 110 , This mode of operation is a mixed operation that can be set as needed. The motor 20 will with fuel 40 operated. A part of its drive power can be used for the e-machine 22 be diverted. The rest is for the drive of the compressor 23 the heat pump 110 used. This can reduce the need for heat 42 and electricity 44 or the need for heat 42 , Cold 43 and electricity 44 be covered variably, for example, for air conditioning, hot water and electricity generation. Another advantage of this mode of operation is the separate power control for the generation of heat 42 and electricity 44 , It can be regulated both the heat supply and at the same time the electricity supply. This is not the case with conventional cogeneration devices. There can be regulated either heat only, for example, in a combined heat and power device with a gas engine, or only current, for example, in a combined heat and power device with a fuel cell. The arrows 50 and 51 indicate the direction of energy flow from the engine 20 to the heat pump 110 or from the engine 20 over the transmission 21 to the electric machine 22 ,

The 7 shows a block diagram of a fifth mode of operation of the coupling operation of the cogeneration device 120 and the heat pump 120 , This is the so-called start operation. It can under supply of electricity 41 the electric machine 22 as a starter for the engine 20 be used. The arrow 53 identifies the direction of energy flow from the electric motor 22 over the transmission 21 to the engine 20 ,

The 8th to 11 each show diagrams of the different coupling possibilities of the coupling system according to the invention 100 based on various embodiments. The components can in this case via the transmission 21 , which allows power branching and addition, to be coupled. You can see the heat pump 110 , a heating circuit 60 , at least one heat exchanger 61 , the power electronics unit 32 , at least one connection to the mains 64 , the electric machine 22 , a hot water drain 62 and a cold water supply 63 ,

The 8th shows a circuit diagram of a first electrical coupling. Here are the components of the hybrid power plant via the central power electronics unit 32 coupled together, wherein the power electronics unit 32 the power flow between power grid 64 , Heat pump - not explicitly shown here - and combined heat and power 120 regulates. With a possibly existing connection to a power-generating photovoltaic system, the power electronics could 32 still take over the function of an inverter. Has the heat pump 110 not having an inverter control, the inverter could be in the power electronics 32 to be integrated with.

The 9 shows a circuit diagram of a second electrical coupling. In this case, the power-heat coupling device 120 , the power electronics 32 and the electric machine 22 over the electricity network 64 coupled together. The power grid 64 serves as a memory and as a coupling element. The mode control has an information interface - not shown here - to the individual components 120 . 32 and 22 and thus controls the power flow over the network.

The 10 and 11 each show a circuit diagram with a hydraulic coupling. The individual components are coupled via a heat transfer fluid network with constant pressure. The consumers, that is the heat pump 110 and the electric machine 22 or the engine 20 , are coupled via so-called hydrostats and can be varied in their performance via a variable volume flow. In the operating mode of a current-driven heat pump 110 according to the 4 The hydrostat can also work as a hydraulic pump and supply the pressure network. It is also possible to perform a power addition and to couple two suppliers to the heat transfer fluid network. The heat pump 110 could also be driven directly from the hydraulic network via a pressure booster.

The 10 shows a circuit diagram of a first hydraulic coupling, in which the compressor 23 the heat pump 110 directly with the hydraulics of the cogeneration device 120 is coupled.

The 11 shows a circuit diagram of a second hydraulic coupling, wherein the heat pump 110 is designed as a so-called "standalone" device. The coupling takes place here via the power electronics 32 with the combined heat and power device 120 ,

Claims (16)

Coupling system ( 100 ) for a hybrid power plant comprising a heat pump device ( 110 ) and a combined heat and power device ( 120 ) with at least one coupling device ( 130 ) for coupling the heat pump device ( 110 ) and the combined heat and power device ( 120 ), characterized in that the at least one coupling device ( 130 ) has an electrical coupling unit and / or a hydraulic coupling unit which is suitable for coupling the heat pump device ( 110 ) and the combined heat and power device ( 120 ) are executed switchable. Coupling system ( 100 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the coupling device ( 130 ) a fuel-powered engine ( 20 ). Coupling system ( 100 ) according to claim 2, characterized in that the coupling device ( 130 ) with the engine ( 20 ) coupled transmission ( 21 ). Coupling system ( 100 ) according to claim 3, characterized in that the coupling device ( 130 ) one with the gearbox ( 21 ) coupled e-machine ( 22 ), about the engine ( 20 ) drives a translated force to or from the electric machine ( 22 ) transferred to. Coupling system ( 100 ) according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the coupling device ( 130 ) one with the gearbox ( 21 ) coupled compressor ( 23 ) to transmit a translated force to the compressor ( 23 ) transferred to. Coupling system ( 100 ) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the coupling device ( 130 ) a control device ( 30 ) for switching the coupling system ( 100 ). Coupling system ( 100 ) according to claim 6, characterized in that the control device ( 30 ) an engine control unit ( 31 ) for controlling the engine ( 20 ). Coupling system ( 100 ) according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the control device ( 30 ) a power electronics unit ( 32 ) for the power-dependent control of the coupling system ( 100 ). Coupling system ( 100 ) according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the control device ( 30 ) an interface unit ( 33 ) in order to realize a connection to other components. Energy transformation system with a heat pump device ( 110 ) for generating heat and / or cold and a cogeneration device ( 120 ) for generating electricity and / or heat, characterized in that the heat pump device ( 110 ) and the combined heat and power device ( 120 ) via at least one coupling system ( 100 ) are coupled together according to claim 1. Energy transformation system according to claim 10, characterized in that the heat pump device ( 110 ) via the compressor ( 23 ) and / or the transmission ( 21 ) with the engine ( 20 ) and / or the electric machine ( 22 ) is switchably coupled. Method for energy transformation with a coupling system ( 100 ) according to claim 1, comprising the steps of operating a heat pump device ( 110 ) and operating a cogeneration device ( 120 ), characterized in that the heat pump device ( 110 ) and the combined heat and power device ( 120 ) are switchably coupled to one another and energy of one device is optionally provided for the respective other device. A method according to claim 12, characterized in that the switching comprises switching between different operating modes. A method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the switching of the operating modes comprises switching the following operating modes selected from the following group: power generation and / or heat generation and / or refrigeration. Method according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the coupling is carried out electrically or electrically and hydraulically. Method according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the coupling is carried out reversibly, so that is switched from a power-generating operating mode into an energy-consuming operating mode.

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