DE102010017563A1 - Method for cleaning flue gas stream during combustion of e.g. heavy oil, in flue gas cleaning system for ship, involves transferring stream from one reactor unit to another reactor unit in which residual cleaning is performed - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves removing particles from flue gas stream during a pre-purifying operation and removing sulfur-containing components during residue cleaning operation in a flue gas purification plant comprising reactor units (5a-5c). The flue gas stream of a motor (1) is supplied to one reactor unit in which pre-purifying operation is performed. The flue gas stream is transferred from the reactor unit to another reactor unit in which residual cleaning of the flue gas stream is performed, after the pre-purifying operation is performed. An independent claim is also included for a flue gas purification plant comprising two reactor units.

Description

The invention relates to a method for purifying a flue gas stream according to the preamble of claim 1 and a flue gas cleaning system according to the preamble of claim 8.

Air pollution from ships and offshore oil rigs has received less attention in the past than, for example, land based operations. This has to do mainly with the small space requirement on ships.

In order to reduce the pollutant emissions of combustion products of ships into the air, was in the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, Marpol, 1997 An additional annex 6 which deals specifically with the air pollution of ships and which has come into force since 19 May 2005. This guideline, prepared by the International Marine Organization, places high demands on the quality of the fuels used and on special combustion systems. In addition, these guidelines have been supplemented with additional 6 special North Sea SO emission control areas, so-called SECA's.

For the operation of large vessels, such as tankers, luxury liners and ferries almost exclusively heavy fuel and / or diesel fuels are used in which during combustion flue gases are formed with high sulfur content. However, a high sulfur content prevents efficient post-combustion of corresponding exhaust gases through a catalyst. Sulfur-containing exhaust gases are known as catalyst poison, which hinder the catalyst in its mode of action. The same applies to soot particles which are produced in large quantities in the combustion of heavy oil and diesel fuels on transport vessels and on oil rigs.

Each ship has an individual footprint for corresponding emission control systems. As a result, large-scale exhaust gas purification, as is done in industrial plants, are not per se transferred to a ship.

The object of the invention is to provide a method which enables the purification of flue gases produced during the combustion of heavy oil and / or diesel fuel efficiently and in a space-saving manner.

The invention solves this problem by a method having the features of claim 1 and a flue gas cleaning system having the features of claim 8.

A substantial removal of a constituent is to be understood as a reduction of this constituent of more than 50% by weight, preferably over 90% by weight, particularly preferably over 95% by weight, compared to the starting composition.

In this case, the reactor unit in Vorreinigungsbetrieb a flue gas stream or in the residual cleaning operation, a pre-cleaned flue gas stream supplied.

The change of the operating state from the residual cleaning operation in the pre-cleaning operation causes a more efficient use of the reactor unit. In addition, the respective reactor units of the flue gas system can be arranged in different areas of the ship.

Since each reactor unit of a flue gas plant can perform both a pre-purification step or a residual purification step, the reactor units can be interchanged with an array of multiple reactor units.

The space savings is particularly advantageous for ships, oil rigs and the like, since only limited space capacities for a flue gas cleaning system is available, so reactor units can be mounted, for example, at different locations in the hold of a ship.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims.

It is advantageous if the first reactor unit, depending on a consumption state of the sorbent material of a second reactor unit, and / or depending on a sulfur content and / or particulate fraction of the flue gas stream after the residual cleaning of the residual cleaning operation passes into the pre-cleaning operation. As a result, the sorption material can be used efficiently, which increases the individual operating time of the respective reactor unit.

It is advantageous if, after the first reactor unit has been switched off, after passing through the pre-cleaning operation, an exchange of the sorption material and / or a reactor housing of the first reactor unit takes place, so that the reactor unit can be switched on again in the residual cleaning operation as required.

For a material-saving and trouble-free operation of the flue gas system, it is advantageous if the supply of the flue gas stream for the pre-cleaning in dependence on the sulfur content and / or the temperature of the flue gas. If the sulfur content is too low or the Temperature is not sufficient for effective desulfurization, the flue gas can also be delivered directly to the environment or forwarded to a denitrification.

The gases discharged from the flue gas cleaning system meet the requirements set by the SECA Guidelines and the MARPOL Convention.

The method can also be used on turbocharged marine engines which generate a slight overpressure in the reactor. In addition, the method according to the invention can be used both for a full flow of flue gases leading away from the engine and only for a partial flow. Other applications are permanently installed agricultural machinery, in which engines are operated with heavy oil or diesel fuel.

According to the invention, a flue gas purification system has at least one first and one second reactor unit. The first reactor unit comprises at least one reactor housing, a supply line for flue gas, a discharge for sulfur-free clean gas and also a transfer line for prepurified flue gas.

Due to this structural design, the reactor unit can be operated modular both in pre-cleaning operation and in the residual cleaning operation. It can be exchanged as a module against analogously constructed reactor units.

The sorption material can advantageously be used as continuous or discontinuous flowing or non-flowing packed bed granules, wherein the granules can have a diameter of 1-8 mm.

In the case of desulfurization, a calcium carbonate-containing granulate is advantageously used as the dry sorption material, which forms gypsum on addition, for example of sulfur trioxide.

During desulfurization, a calcium hydroxide-containing granulate is advantageously used as the dry sorption material, which advantageously neutralizes acid gases such as HCl. The purification of the flue gas of nitrogen oxides by dry sorption can advantageously be carried out by urea granules, whereby NO _x gases are reduced to nitrogen.

It is advantageous if the flue gas purification system has at least three reactor units, of which at least one reactor unit in Vorreinigungszustand, a reactor unit in the residual purification state and a reactor unit in the idle state, so that the sorbent material of the reactor unit can be replaced in the idle state.

It is furthermore advantageous if the supply line, discharge line and the transfer of a reactor unit each have at least one control element, preferably a valve or a flap, so that a manual or automated changeover of the operating state can take place by simply blocking the gas flow of one of said lines ,

For an advantageous decoupling and the subsequent removal of a reactor housing from the flue gas cleaning system, it is advantageous if a connecting means is arranged between the reactor housing and the control element.

In order to save time for the replacement of individual reactor housings with correspondingly consumed sorption material against fresh sorption material, it is advantageous if the flue gas purification system has a plurality of reactor units. Each of the reactor units has a reactor housing, a supply line for flue gas, a discharge for sulfur-free clean gas and also a transfer line for pre-cleaned flue gas.

The regulation influx and / or Abstrommenge of flue gas and thus the gas pressure can advantageously be done by a flue gas side and / or clean gas side arranged control element. In this case, a control element arranged on the clean gas side is particularly preferred since the risk of clogging by particles in the flue gas at this point is relatively low.

The amount of flue gas in the flue gas cleaning system can be advantageously ensured via a metering orifice for controlling the control element.

Reference to the following drawings three variants of flue gas cleaning systems are described in more detail, with which the inventive method is implemented. It shows:

1 the circuit diagram of a first flue gas cleaning system according to the invention with three reactor units,

2 the circuit diagram of a second embodiment of a flue gas cleaning system according to the invention, and

3 the circuit diagram of a third embodiment of a flue gas cleaning system according to the invention

1 shows a flue gas cleaning system for heavy oil and / or diesel fuel-powered engines, such as ships, oil rigs or larger agricultural machinery, in which first the flue gas with pressure from an engine 1 is ejected, via a wire 2 is initiated.

The administration 2 has in the present case three supply lines 4a - 4c on, with one control element each 3a - 3c , For example, a butterfly valve. About the respective supply line 4a - 4c can the flue gas into a reactor unit 5a - 5c be routed, if this is in pre-cleaning operation.

The following is the first reactor unit 5a described in detail: The first reactor unit 5a has a reactor housing in which a sorption material 23a is arranged in the form of granules. Since it is the reactor unit 5a preferably is a packed bed absorber, the reactor unit 5a a supply line 15a and a discharge 9a for sorption material 23a on. To emptying the reactor unit 5a To prevent, rejects the reactor unit 5a advantageous a level indicator 7a and a regulatory body 10a , preferably a flap, at the discharge 9a on.

The sorbent material 23a is from a reservoir, not shown, via the supply line 15a fed and after passing through the reactor unit 5a be stored in a collecting container, also not shown.

The reactor unit 5a also has a transition 11a , with another regulatory organ 12a , z. As a flap or a valve 12a on, for passing prepurified flue gas from the first reactor unit 5a in a second reactor unit 5b , provided the first reactor unit 5a in the operating state of the pre-cleaning.

The transition 11a can be configured in different ways. In an exemplary embodiment, the transition 11a a division into two sub-lines, not shown, of which a first sub-line from an upper portion of the respective reactor unit 5a - 5c goes off and a second part of a lower portion of the reactor unit 5a - 5c going on. Both sub-lines of the transfer are advantageously merged in the further course to form a single line, wherein at the convergence point of both sub-lines an unillustrated control element, for example, a three-way valve is arranged. Thus, z. B. a transfer of prepurified flue gas from the upper region of the first reactor unit 5a in the lower part of the second reactor unit 5b respectively.

The first reactor unit 5a still has a derivative 13a , with a flap or a valve 14a on, for the discharge of purified exhaust gas from the first reactor unit 5a and from the flue gas system, provided that provided the first reactor unit 5a in the operating state of the residual cleaning is.

In the reactor unit 5a Interspaces Z can be arranged such that the flow path of the gas to be purified over a multiple of the width of the reactor 5a is extended. These intermediate floors Z, for example steel plates, are spaced from each other in such a way that a transport path of the granules is possible.

To monitor the reaction conditions within the reactor unit 5a , The reactor unit has a temperature sensor 6a and a pressure sensor 8a on.

The flue gas purification system has in the present example, three analogously constructed reactor units 5a - 5c on, which differ only by the state of the sorbent material and which are interconnected. Each of the three reactor units 5a - 5c is designed so that it can either be operated in the pre-cleaning mode or in the residual cleaning mode, or ready for complete emptying and refilling, or ready for commissioning when freshly filled.

The reconciliations 11a - 11c are over a connection line 16 advantageously interconnected. Likewise are the derivatives 13a - 13c advantageous over a connecting line 17 connected with each other.

For temperature monitoring of the flue gas, which is introduced into the flue gas cleaning system and the purified exhaust gas, which exits the flue gas cleaning system (ie pure gas side), are temperature sensors 18 and 21 on the flue gas side line 2 and the clean-gas connection line 17 arranged.

For pressure regulation within the flue gas cleaning system, the connecting line 17 on the clean gas side another control organ 20 in the form of a butterfly valve.

The connection line 17 flows into a chimney 22 , through which the purified exhaust gas can be discharged to the environment.

The reaction products in the exhaust gas of a diesel engine depend on the engine design, the engine power and also on the work load. Because the reactivity of the sorbent material 23a -C, especially in the dry sorption of SO _x -containing gases in the residual cleaning operation, inter alia of the temperature of the flue gas and the composition of the burned heavy oil in the ship engine depends, allows a control element 21 , which as a bypass on the line 2 is arranged, depending on the composition of the flue gas, a discharge of less polluted flue gases directly to a catalyst, not shown, and from there to the chimney 22 , This can be adjusted individually by the user, for example to save sorption material at low engine power. The same applies in the event that complete combustion of fuel by the engine is ensured

As an alternative to the previously mentioned embodiment variant, in which the reactor units are designed as packed-bed absorbers, the reactor units can be particularly advantageously also without supply lines 15a - 15c and outlets 9a - 9c be formed for sorbent material. Thus, the flue gas would be passed over the sorbent without being in countercurrent flow. In this particularly preferred embodiment, the space requirement of the flue gas cleaning system compared to the aforementioned embodiment can be further reduced because you can dispense with reservoir and sorbent container. In the case above, Schüttelschichtabsorbern can advantageously be a smaller dimensioning of the storage and collection containers as in conventional reactors or reactor units

In a further advantageous embodiment, a heat exchanger is integrated in the Rauschgasreinigungsanlage to efficiently use the heat energy of the flue gas. Particularly preferably, the heat exchanger is arranged in the interior of the reactor units, wherein the amount of heat varies depending on the engine type, so that the heat energy can be used for example for liquefying the diesel fuel. The heat energy actually gained or used is between 50 and 300 kW per MW of the engine.

In the following, an exemplary embodiment of a flue gas purification process according to the invention will be described in more detail.

A flue gas produced by a combustion process is sent via the pipe 2 and over the supply line 4a in the first reactor unit 5a transferred. Here is the control organ 3a the first reactor unit 5a open while all other regulatory organs 3b . 3c and 21 the line 2 and the supply lines 4b and 4c are closed.

The first reactor unit is in pre-cleaning operation. This means:
In the pre-cleaning operation, particle filtration takes place. Here are liquid and solid particles, such as. B. soot particles and unburned hydrocarbons on the surface of granules from which are no longer or only to a small extent available for a dry sorption of sulfur compounds.

If a reactor unit 5a - 5c is in pre-cleaning operation, is the governing body 12a the transition 11a opened and the control organ 14a the derivative 13a closed. The regulatory organ 9a can also be closed.

In this case, an addition or, in the case of porous materials, an incorporation of solid and liquid constituents of the flue gas takes place on the granules of the sorption material.

After the flue gas sorbs the material 23a the first reactor unit 5a has happened and is therefore almost particle-free, it is about the transition 11a the first reactor unit 5a , the connection line 16 and the transition 11b the second reactor unit 5b in the second reactor unit 5b transferred.

The second reactor unit 5b is in the residual cleaning operation. This means:
In the residual cleaning operation desulfurization of the flue gas takes place. The sorption material is subjected to the dry sorption of the sulfur-containing flue gas to granules.

The sorbent material 23a -C is thus used in the respective operating stages of the pre-cleaning operation and residual cleaning operation in different ways. Even if the sorbent material can no longer be used for SO _x dry sorption, it is used particularly efficiently as a particle filter material.

If the second reactor unit 5b is in the residual cleaning operation, is the governing body 12b the transition 11b and the governing body 14b the derivative 13b open. The regulatory organ 3b the supply line 4b is closed.

Since it is a packed bed absorber in the present embodiment, is also the control element 10b the discharge 9b open. As a result, a transport direction of the sorbent material 23b in the reactor unit 5b specified.

The pre-cleaned, almost particle-free flue gas is through the transition 11b preferably in the lower region of the second reactor unit 5b which is in the residual cleaning operation.

The particle-free sulfur-containing flue gas is in the variant of the bulk layer absorber in 1 in countercurrent to the sorbent material through the reactor unit 5b directed. The at least approximately sulfur-free clean gas is via the derivative 13b and the connection line 17 to a chimney 22 passed and from there to the environment.

After passing through the pre-cleaning operation and the residual cleaning operation, a low-sulfur clean gas is obtained. In this gas, however, pollutants may still be included, which can be advantageously integrated by additional clean gas side in the flue gas cleaning plant, so after the reactor units as units for post-purification. Thus, in the present exemplary embodiment, a denitrification plant (DENOX plant) for flue gas denitrification can be arranged between the reactor units and the chimney.

Particularly preferred for the dry sorption of the sulfur-containing flue gas lime and / or kalkhydrathaltiges granules is used. During combustion, sulfur and sulfur-containing oxides (sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide), which during the transfer of calcium carbonate in calcium sulfates (gypsum), sulfites and other sulfur-containing oxidation compounds (thiosulfates) u. Like. Be converted.

The sorbent material may contain further additives, such as calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide, iron oxide and aluminum oxide. For example, calcium hydroxide causes additional neutralization upon sorption of acidic gas constituents such as HCl and HF in addition to the sulfur oxides. Fe ₂ O ₃ and Al ₂ O ₃ can also allow a catalytic post-combustion of flue gas constituents. The sorption and the neutralization can be further increased by Hydratanteile.

The sorption material may, for example, also comprise limestone split which, in the present exemplary embodiment, trickles from the supply reservoir vertically to the reactor unit past the horizontally arranged intermediate floors Z.

To remove nitrogen oxides from the flue gas by dry sorption urea granules can be used. Urea granules are preferably with urea-doped lime grains, but other absorbent heat-resistant materials may be used as support materials doped with urea.

Another additional or alternative way to eliminate nitrogen oxides is the addition of platinum / ceramic compounds to the sorbent material.

If urea granules are used as a constituent of the sorption material, a catalyst can be integrated in the components, for example in cascade blocks, in cascade sheets and / or in collecting hoods of the reactors according to the invention, in order to enable denitrification at the typical exhaust gas temperatures of about 150-200 ° C. , The catalysis can also be carried out, for example, in a packed bed of catalyst granules.

The integration of such a catalyst can advantageously save the space for a denitrification plant (DENOX plant) for flue gas denitration on ships and also on land-based facilities.

The sorption material is not limited to these additives and can be supplemented by other additives.

In 1 is still a third reactor unit 5c displayed. This is in no operating condition.

If this is the case are all regulatory organs 3c . 10c . 12c and 14c the relevant reactor unit 5c closed.

Each of the reactor units 5a - 5c has, preferably between the control elements and the reactor housing, not shown connecting means with which the reactor housing of a reactor unit can be decoupled from the flue gas cleaning system when the reactor unit is not in the pre-cleaning or residual cleaning state.

When the sorbent material 23c after the respective reactor unit 5c both the residual cleaning state and the pre-cleaning state has been passed, is loaded with solid and / or liquid particles, the reactor housing, the reservoir and the collecting container, including the sorbent material 23c , be transported to the filling or possibly replaced on the spot by a new reactor housing with reservoir and collecting container with fresh unused sorption.

This has particular advantages, for example, for the loading time of ships, where emptying of the reactor in question is sometimes too time-consuming. At the same time, the unloading of the sorption material can take place only at the recycling station, so that outgassing of unburned Hydrocarbons, which have attached to the sorbent, is advantageously prevented.

The discharge of the granules in a packed bed absorber as a reactor unit is carried out continuously or discontinuously. A skiving drum increases the cost-effectiveness of the system. The resulting reaction product can then be worked up by a mill, thus preventing stagnation of the reaction product at the output flap at the bottom of the reactor.

In a particularly preferred embodiment variant of the embodiment of 1 have the reactor units 5a - 5c flameproof reactor housing.

2 shows a further particularly preferred embodiment of a flue gas cleaning system according to the invention.

This plant also has three reactor units 35a - 35c except for the condition of the sorbent material 53a - 53c are built the same, which, however, in contrast to 1 are not designed as bulk absorber and therefore have no supply line for sorbent and no outlet for spent sorbent material.

This variant of a flue gas system has over the embodiment of the 1 the additional advantage that the system is cheaper to produce due to the structural simplification and by eliminating storage and collection containers for sorbent also has a smaller footprint, which, inter alia, increases the loading capacity of a ship accordingly.

Furthermore, there is an even more efficient use of the sorption material, since all sorption material is used after switching the operating state of a reactor unit from the residual cleaning operation to the pre-cleaning operation as a particle filter material, whereas 1 only the sorption material is used, which is not yet in the collection container.

The following describes the purification of flue gas in the event that the reactor unit 35a is in the pre-cleaning state and the reactor unit 35b in the residual cleaning condition.

Unless otherwise specified, the states of the individual control elements and lines correspond to the reactor units 35a - 35c in 2 the states of the regulatory organs and lines of the reactor units 5a - 5c in 1 ,

In 2 First, flue gas is produced by burning fuel in an engine 31 , with overpressure via a pipe 32 introduced into a flue gas cleaning system.

The administration 32 has three leads 34a - 34c each with a control element 33a - 33c on. About the supply line 34a the flue gas becomes a first reactor unit 35a directed, which is in pre-cleaning operation.

The first reactor unit 5a preferably has a pressure-resistant reactor housing, in which a sorption material 53a is arranged immovably in the form of a bed.

This sorption material 53a However, is no longer or only to a small extent for a dry sorption of sulfur compounds, especially SO _x compounds available, but serves as a particulate filter for solid and liquid components of the flue gas.

The first reactor unit 35a , indicates a transfer 41a , with a control organ 42a on. After particle filtration through the sorbent material 53a the pre-cleaned flue gas from an upper region, preferably above the bed of the first reactor unit 35a about the transition 41a , an adjoining connecting line 46 and a related reconciliation 42b in a lower portion of a reactor unit 35b passed, which is in the residual cleaning state.

In the second reactor unit 5a the pre-purified flue gas is used for dry sorption of sulfur compounds through the sorbent material 53b directed. Subsequently, the sulfur-free clean gas is discharged through a drain 43b from the reactor unit 35b discharged.

The sulfur-free clean gas is finally connected via a connecting line 47 , on which a metering orifice 51 is arranged in the engine 1 recycled. The functioning of the measuring aperture 51 will be discussed in more detail elsewhere.

A third reactor unit 35c is in a dormant state, allowing the sorbent material 53c and / or the reactor housing with the sorbent material 53c can be replaced if the sorption material 53c is consumed.

In this case, a reactor housing of the reaction unit 35c , For example, by releasing connecting elements, not shown, decoupled from the flue gas cleaning system and through a new reactor housing with fresh sorbent material 53c be replaced while the two other reactor units 35a and 35b ensure continuous flue gas cleaning.

Also sometimes very long cooling phases of the sorbent material 53c can be bridged in this way, without affecting the operation of the flue gas cleaning system. Likewise, on individual reactor units 35a - 35c in the event of blockages or other malfunctions (during operation of the system) maintenance work is carried out.

To increase the performance of the engine 31 this is beneficial with a turbocharger 55 coupled, whose operation will be explained in more detail below.

While the main flow of the flue gas of the engine 31 over the line 32 the flue gas cleaning is supplied, a partial flow of the exhaust gases of the engine 31 over a line 53 to drive a turbocharger 55 be used. The combustion gases leave the turbocharger 55 over a line 57 , This turbocharger 55 sucks over a pipe 54 oxygen-containing ambient air, compresses them and leads the compressed air to the low-sulfur clean gas via another line 56 a connection line 47 to. The compressed air enters the engine together with the combustion gases 31 directed. Due to the air compression reaches during the intake stroke of the engine 31 a larger amount of air into the cylinder than, for example, a naturally aspirated engine. Thus, more oxygen is available for the combustion of a correspondingly larger amount of fuel. This leads to an increase of the engine mean pressure and the torque, whereby the power output of the engine 31 elevated.

The measuring aperture 51 measures the flow rate on the clean gas side and is connected via a pipe 52 in conjunction with a regulatory body 50 , This control of the regulatory body 50 has, inter alia, influence on the performance of the engine 31 ,

3 shows a further embodiment of a flue gas cleaning system according to the invention.

This plant differs from the plant in 2 essentially by the arrangement of a through a metering orifice 81 controlled control element 80 and by supplying the clean gas / air mixture in an engine 61 ,

A regulatory organ 80 , for controlling the supply of flue gas in the flue gas cleaning system, is on the flue gas side to a line 62 arranged the flue gas from a motor 61 to the individual reactor units 65a - 65c the flue gas cleaning system passes. The regulatory organ 80 is through a metering orifice 81 controlled by a line 82 with the control organ 80 connected is. This orifice plate 81 is clean on a connection line 79 , which low-sulfur clean gas to a turbocharger 85 hinleitet, arranged and determined at this point the flow rate of clean gas. Based on this determined flow rate, the control of the control element takes place 80 , The regulatory organ 80 regulates the supply of flue gas to the flue gas cleaning system and thus at the same time the pressure of the exhaust gases in the pipes 62 and 83 between the engine 61 , the governing body 80 and the turbocharger 85 are arranged.

While the main flow of the flue gas of the engine 61 over the line 62 the flue gas cleaning is supplied, a partial flow of the exhaust gases of the marine engine via a line 83 to drive a turbocharger 85 be used. The combustion gases leave the turbocharger 85 over a line 87 , This turbocharger 85 sucks over a pipe 84 oxygen-containing ambient air. The administration 84 flows into the connection line 79 , which low-sulfur clean gas from the cleaning process in the turbocharger 85 returns. The clean gas / air mixture is through the turbocharger 85 compacted. Subsequently, the compressed clean gas / air mixture is the engine 61 for combustion of fuels via a pipe 86 fed.

In all the aforementioned embodiments, the flue gas cleaning system always has three reactor units. However, the number of reactor units is not limited to three. Each of the individual reactor units is either in the pre-cleaning mode, in the residual cleaning mode or in the idle state.

By a structural design of the described embodiments, a reduction of exhaust noise can take place. On diesel engines, especially on ships, exhaust silencers are provided. These reduce the sound level depending on the size of the diesel engine. This reduction of the exhaust noise can be done by an absorption sound attenuation of the sorbent, wherein u. a. the insulation of the reactor and / or the mass and grain size of the sorbent material, for example the pebble stone, can be determined such that the additional mufflers can be dispensed with or at least substantially reduced in size. Thus, advantageously, a reduction of the noise level takes place at least to a value below 45 dB at 100 m. This in turn leads to an apparatus simplification of the bulk shift system and to a space saving, which is a crucial criterion, especially on ships.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

engine

2

management

3a

regulating element

3b

regulating element

3c

regulating element

4a

supply

4b

supply

4c

supply

5a

reactor unit

5b

reactor unit

5c

reactor unit

9a

regulating element

9b

discharge

10b

regulating element

10c

regulating element

11a

reconciliation

11b

reconciliation

12a

regulating element

12b

regulating element

12c

regulating element

13a

derivation

13b

derivation

14a

regulating element

14b

regulating element

14c

regulating element

16

connecting element

17

connecting line

21

regulating element

22

chimney

23a

sorption

23b

sorption

23c

sorption

31

engine

32

management

33a

regulating element

33b

regulating element

33c

regulating element

34a

supply

34b

supply

34c

supply

35a

reactor unit

35b

reactor unit

35c

reactor unit

41a

reconciliation

42a

regulating element

42b

regulating element

42c

regulating element

43a

derivation

43b

derivation

43c

derivation

44a

regulating element

44b

regulating element

44c

regulating element

46

connecting line

47

connecting line

50

regulating element

51

orifice

52

management

53

management

53a

sorption

53b

sorption

53c

sorption

54

management

55

turbocharger

56

management

57

management

61

engine

62

management

63a

regulating element

63b

regulating element

63c

regulating element

65a

reactor unit

65b

reactor unit

65c

reactor unit

71a

reconciliation

71b

reconciliation

71c

reconciliation

72a

regulating element

72b

regulating element

72c

regulating element

73a

derivation

73b

derivation

73c

derivation

74a

regulating element

74b

regulating element

74c

regulating element

79

Connecting member / guide

80

regulating element

81

orifice

82

management

83

management

84

management

85

turbocharger

86

management

87

management

88a

sorption

88b

sorption

88c

sorption

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited non-patent literature

• International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, Marpol, 1997 an additional installation 6 [0003]

Claims (17)

Process for purifying a flue gas stream, in particular for purifying combustion gases of heavy oil and / or diesel fuels, in a flue gas purification plant with at least one first reactor unit ( 5a c, 35a c, 65a C) and a second reactor unit ( 5a c, 35a c, 65a C), wherein in a pre-cleaning operation, particles from the flue gas stream are substantially removed and at least sulfur-containing constituents in a residual cleaning operation, wherein i. in pre-cleaning operation, supplying the flue gas flow from an engine ( 1 . 31 . 61 ) to the first reactor unit ( 5a c, 35a c, 65a -C) takes place, in which a pre-cleaning of the flue gas stream is carried out, and ii. in the residual cleaning operation, a transfer of the flue gas stream, after the pre-cleaning, of the first reactor unit ( 5a c, 35a c, 65a C) to the second reactor unit ( 5a c, 35a c, 65a -C) takes place, in which a residual cleaning of the flue gas stream is carried out. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cleaning of the flue gas stream as an adsorption and / or absorption of soot particles and / or dusts and a dry absorption of sulfur-containing constituents of a sorption material ( 23a c, 53a c, 88a -C). Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first reactor unit ( 5a c, 35a c, 65a -C) is switched from the residual cleaning operation to the pre-cleaning operation. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the flue gas purification system at least a third reactor unit ( 5a c, 35a c, 65a C) with a sorption material ( 23a c, 53a c, 88a -C) is provided. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second reactor unit ( 5a c, 35a c, 65a C) depending on a state of consumption of the sorption material ( 23a c, 53a c, 88a C) the first reactor unit ( 5a c, 35a c, 65a C), and / or depending on a sulfur content and / or soot particle content of the flue gas stream after the residual cleaning of the residual cleaning operation in the Vorreinigungsbetrieb passes. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that the third reactor unit ( 5a c, 35a c, 65a C) at the transition of the second reactor unit ( 5a c, 35a c, 65a -C) is switched from the residual cleaning operation to the pre-cleaning operation, in the residual cleaning operation. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a shutdown of the first reactor unit ( 5a c, 35a c, 65a C) after passing through the pre-cleaning operation, for replacing the sorption material ( 23a c, 53a c, 88a C) and / or a reactor housing first reactor unit ( 5a c, 35a c, 65a -C). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supply of the flue gas stream for the pre-cleaning in dependence on the sulfur content. Flue gas purification plant, with at least one first reactor unit ( 5a . 5b . 5c ) and a second reactor unit ( 5a c, 35a c, 65a C), wherein the first reactor unit ( 5a c, 35a c, 65a -C) i. a reactor housing, ii. a supply line for flue gas in pre-cleaning operation ( 4a c, 34a -C), and iii. a derivative for sulfur-free clean gas ( 13a c, 43a c, 73a -C) in the residual cleaning operation, characterized in that iv. the first reactor unit ( 5a c, 35a c, 65a -C) also a reconciliation ( 11a c, 41a c, 71a C) for precleaned flue gas from the first reactor unit ( 5a c, 35a c, 65a C) in the pre-cleaning operation to a second reactor unit ( 5a c, 35a c, 65a -C) in the residual cleaning operation. Flue gas purification system, according to claim 8, characterized in that in the reactor housing of the reactor unit ( 5a c, 35a c, 65a C) a sorption material ( 23a c, 53a c, 88a -C) are arranged as packed bed granules with granules of a mean diameter of 1-8 mm. Flue gas purification system according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the sorption material ( 23a c, 53a c, 88a -C) has a calcium carbonate-containing granules and / or calcium hydroxide-containing granules and / or urea granules. Flue gas cleaning plant, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flue gas purification plant at least three reactor units ( 5a c, 35a c, 65a C), of which at least one reactor unit ( 5a c, 35a c, 65a C) in the pre-cleaning state, a reactor unit ( 5a c, 35a c, 65a C) in the residual purification state and a reactor unit ( 5a c, 35a c, 65a -C) is at rest. Flue gas cleaning system, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supply line ( 4a c, 34a -C), derivative ( 13a c, 43a c, 73a -C) and the transition ( 11a c, 41a c, 71a -C) at least one control element ( 3a c, 12a c, 14a c, 33a c, 42a c, 44a c, 63a c, 72a c, 74a C), preferably a valve or a flap. Flue gas purification system, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the reactor housing and the control element ( 3a c, 12a c, 14a c, 33a c, 42a c, 44a c, 63a c, 72a c, 74a C) a connecting means is arranged. Flue gas purification system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flue gas purification system has a plurality of reactor units ( 5a c, 35a c, 65a -C) with i. a reactor housing, ii. a supply line for flue gas in pre-cleaning operation ( 4a c, 34a -C), and iii. a derivative for sulfur-free clean gas ( 13a c, 43a c, 73a -C) in the residual cleaning operation, and iv. a transfer ( 11a c, 41a c, 71a C) for precleaned flue gas from the first reactor unit ( 5a c, 35a c, 65a C) in the pre-cleaning operation to a second reactor unit ( 5a c, 35a c, 65a -C) in the residual cleaning operation. Flue gas purification system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flue gas purification system on the flue gas side and / or on the clean gas side a control element ( 21 . 50 . 80 ) for controlling an inflow and / or outflow of flue gas in the flue gas cleaning system and / or from the flue gas cleaning system. Flue gas cleaning system according to claim 15, characterized in that the flue gas cleaning system is a metering orifice ( 51 . 81 ) for controlling the control element ( 50 . 80 ) having.

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