DE102014016369A1 - A method of operating an internal combustion engine with an internal combustion engine and an exhaust aftertreatment system downstream of the internal combustion engine for the purification of the exhaust gas - Google Patents
A method of operating an internal combustion engine with an internal combustion engine and an exhaust aftertreatment system downstream of the internal combustion engine for the purification of the exhaust gas Download PDFInfo
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- DE102014016369A1 DE102014016369A1 DE102014016369.5A DE102014016369A DE102014016369A1 DE 102014016369 A1 DE102014016369 A1 DE 102014016369A1 DE 102014016369 A DE102014016369 A DE 102014016369A DE 102014016369 A1 DE102014016369 A1 DE 102014016369A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
- B01D53/508—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with solids
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/81—Solid phase processes
- B01D53/83—Solid phase processes with moving reactants
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/8628—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/869—Multiple step processes
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
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- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
- F01N3/0224—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being granular
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/085—Sulfur or sulfur oxides
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
- F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
- F01N3/2832—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support granular, e.g. pellets
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- B01D2251/2062—Ammonia
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- B01D2251/404—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of calcium
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- B01D2255/20723—Vanadium
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
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- B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
- B01D2259/4566—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for use in transportation means
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- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/004—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 specially adapted for marine propulsion, i.e. for receiving simultaneously engine exhaust gases and engine cooling water
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Abstract
Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine (1), insbesondere einer mit Schweröl betriebenen Schiffsdieselbrennkraftmaschine, wobei die Brennkraftmaschine (1) einen Verbrennungsmotor (2) zur Verbrennung von Kraftstoff und ein dem Verbrennungsmotor (2) nachgeschaltetes Abgasnachbehandlungssystem (3) zur Reinigung von bei der Verbrennung des Kraftstoffs entstehendem Abgas (5) aufweist. Der Verbrennungsmotor (2) wird mit vanadiumhaltigem Kraftstoff betrieben. Abgas (5), das bei der Verbrennung des vanadiumhaltigen Kraftstoffs entsteht, wird über einem granulathaltigen Partikelabscheider (4) in Form eines Wanderbett- oder Fließbettreaktors geführt, in welchem als katalytisch aktive Verbindung zur Entstickung des Abgases (5) bei der Verbrennung des vanadiumhaltigen Kraftstoffs entstehendes V2O5 auf das Granulat (6) des Partikelabscheiders (4) abgeschieden wird. Stromaufwärts des Partikelabscheiders (4) wird als Reduktionsmittel (7) für zur Entstickung des Abgases (5) Ammoniak oder eine Ammoniakvorläufersubstanz in das Abgas (5) eingebracht.Method for operating an internal combustion engine (1), in particular a marine diesel engine operated with heavy oil, wherein the internal combustion engine (1) has an internal combustion engine (2) for combustion of fuel and an exhaust aftertreatment system (3) connected downstream of the internal combustion engine (2) for cleaning during combustion of the engine Has fuel resulting exhaust (5). The internal combustion engine (2) is operated with vanadiumhaltigem fuel. Exhaust gas (5), which is formed during combustion of the vanadium-containing fuel, is passed over a granular particle separator (4) in the form of a moving bed or fluidized bed reactor in which catalytically active compound for denitrification of the exhaust gas (5) during combustion of the vanadium-containing fuel resulting V2O5 is deposited on the granules (6) of the particle separator (4). Upstream of the particle separator (4), ammonia or an ammonia precursor substance is introduced into the exhaust gas (5) as a reducing agent (7) for denitrification of the exhaust gas (5).
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of
Aus der Praxis bekannte Brennkraftmaschinen, wie zum Beispiel Schiffsdieselbrennkraftmaschinen, verfügen über einen Verbrennungsmotor, in welchem ein Kraftstoff verbrannt wird, sowie über ein dem Verbrennungsmotor nachgeschaltetes Abgasnachbehandlungssystem zur Reinigung des bei der Verbrennung des Kraftstoffs im Verbrennungsmotor entstehenden Abgases. Schiffsdieselbrennkraftmaschinen werden dabei vorzugsweise mit Schweröl betrieben.From the prior art known internal combustion engines, such as marine diesel engines, have an internal combustion engine in which a fuel is burned, as well as a downstream of the engine exhaust aftertreatment system for purifying the resulting in the combustion of the fuel in the engine exhaust gas. Marine diesel engines are preferably operated with heavy oil.
Aus der Praxis ist es bekannt, in einem Abgasnachbehandlungssystem einer Brennkraftmaschine das Abgas einer Entstickung sowie vorzugsweise einer Entschwefelung zu unterziehen. Zur Entstickung des Abgases kommen nach dem Stand der Technik sogenannte SCR-Katalysatoren zum Einsatz. Zur Entschwefelung von Abgas sind aus dem Stand der Technik in erster Linie absorptive Verfahren bekannt, die als Absorptionsmittel Brandkalt (CaO) oder Kalkhydrat (Ca(OH)2) oder Kalziumkarbonat (CaCO3) nutzen. Bei der Entschwefelung wird Staub aus Kalziumsulfat (CaSO4) gebildet, der typischerweise aus dem Abgas über eine Filtereinrichtung entfernt wird.From practice it is known to subject the exhaust of a denitrification and preferably a desulfurization in an exhaust aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine. For denitrification of the exhaust gas so-called SCR catalysts are used according to the prior art. For the desulfurization of exhaust gas absorptive processes are primarily known from the prior art, which use fire-absorbent (CaO) or hydrated lime (Ca (OH) 2 ) or calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) as absorption medium. During desulfurization, dust is formed from calcium sulfate (CaSO 4 ), which is typically removed from the exhaust gas via a filter device.
Obwohl aus dem Stand der Technik bereits Verfahren zur Entstickung und Entschwefelung von Abgas bekannt sind, besteht Bedarf, die Entstickung und ggf. Entschwefelung von Abgas zu verbessern, insbesondere für mit Schweröl betriebene Schiffsdieselbrennkraftmaschinen.Although processes for denitrification and desulfurization of exhaust gas are already known from the prior art, there is a need to improve the denitrification and possibly desulfurization of exhaust gas, in particular for marine diesel engines operated with heavy oil.
Hiervon ausgehend liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung ein neuartiges Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine zu schaffen.On this basis, the present invention is a novel method for operating an internal combustion engine to create.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine nach Anspruch 1 gelöst. Erfindungsgemäß wird der Verbrennungsmotor mit vanadiumhaltigem Kraftstoff betrieben. Das bei der Verbrennung des vanadiumhaltigen Kraftstoffs entstehende Abgas wird über einem granulathaltigen Partikelabscheider in Form eines Wanderbett- oder Fließbettreaktors geführt, in welchem als katalytisch aktive Verbindung zur Entstickung des Abgases bei der Verbrennung des vanadiumhaltigen Kraftstoffs entstehendes V2O5 auf das Granulat des Partikelabscheiders abgeschieden wird. Stromaufwärts des Partikelabscheiders wird als Reduktionsmittel zur Entstickung des Abgases Ammoniak oder eine Ammoniakvorläufersubstanz in das Abgas eingebracht.This object is achieved by a method for operating an internal combustion engine according to
Erfindungsgemäß wird vorgeschlagen, den Verbrennungsmotor mit vanadiumhaltigem Kraftstoff zu betreiben. Bei der Verbrennung des vanadiumhaltigen Kraftstoffs in dem Verbrennungsmotor entsteht V2O5, welches als katalytisch aktive Verbindung für die Entstickung des Abgases dient. Dieses V2O5 wird auf dem Granulat des Partikelabscheiders abgeschieden, sodass im Partikelabscheider V2O5 für die Entstickung des Abgases vorhanden ist. Zusätzlich wird stromaufwärts des Partikelabscheiders in das Abgas Ammoniak oder eine Ammoniakvorläufersubstanz als Reduktionsmittel für die Entstickung eingebracht. Hierdurch ist in Kombination eine besonders effektive Entstickung von Abgas einer Brennkraftmaschine möglich.According to the invention, it is proposed to operate the internal combustion engine with vanadium-containing fuel. During the combustion of the vanadium-containing fuel in the internal combustion engine, V 2 O 5 is formed , which serves as a catalytically active compound for the denitrification of the exhaust gas. This V 2 O 5 is deposited on the granules of the Partikelabscheiders, so that in the particle V 2 O 5 for the denitrification of the exhaust gas is present. In addition, ammonia or an ammonia precursor substance is introduced into the exhaust gas upstream of the particle separator as a reducing agent for denitrification. As a result, a particularly effective denitrification of exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine is possible in combination.
Nach einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung wird der Verbrennungsmotor mit Kraftstoff betrieben, der Vanadium in einer Konzentration von mehr als 20 mg/kg, bevorzugt vor mehr als 40 mg/kg, besonders bevorzugt mehr als 80 mg/kg. Dann, wenn der Kraftstoff die oben definierten Vanadiumkonzentrationen aufweist, ist im Bereich des Partikelabscheiders ausreichend V2O5 für die Entstickung des Abgases vorhanden.According to an advantageous development of the internal combustion engine is operated with fuel, the vanadium in a concentration of more than 20 mg / kg, preferably more than 40 mg / kg, more preferably more than 80 mg / kg. Then, when the fuel has the above-defined vanadium concentrations, sufficient V 2 O 5 for the denitrification of the exhaust gas is present in the region of the particle separator.
Nach einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung wird der Verbrennungsmotor mit Schmieröl betrieben, das Vanadium in einer Konzentration von mehr als 2 mg/kg, bevorzugt vor mehr als 5 mg/kg, besonders bevorzugt mehr als 10 mg/kg, umfasst. Dies ist bei Großmotoren vorteilhaft, die auch Schmieröl verbrennt, um im Bereich des Partikelabscheiders ausreichend V2O5 für die Entstickung bereitzustellen.According to an advantageous development, the internal combustion engine is operated with lubricating oil comprising vanadium in a concentration of more than 2 mg / kg, preferably more than 5 mg / kg, more preferably more than 10 mg / kg. This is advantageous in large engines, which also burns lubricating oil in order to provide sufficient V 2 O 5 for denitrification in the region of the particle separator.
Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Weiterbildung wird das Abgas stromaufwärts des Partikelabscheiders und/oder stromabwärts des Partikelabscheiders über einen SCR-Katalysator geführt. Die Entstickung kann dadurch verbessert werden, dass das Abgas zusätzlich über einen SCR-Katalysator geführt wird, und zwar stromaufwärts des Partikelabscheiders und/oder stromabwärts des Partikelabscheiders.According to a further advantageous development, the exhaust gas is passed upstream of the Partikelabscheiders and / or downstream of the Partikelabscheiders via an SCR catalyst. The denitrification can be improved in that the exhaust gas is additionally guided via an SCR catalyst, upstream of the Partikelabscheiders and / or downstream of the Partikelabscheiders.
Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Weiterbildung wird zur Bereitstellung einer zusätzlichen Entschwefelung des Abgases als Granulat kalziumhaltiges und/oder natriumhaltiges Granulat verwendet, welches CaO und/oder Ca(OH)2 und/oder CaCO3 und/oder NaCO3 und/oder NaHCO3 umfasst. Hiermit kann zusätzlich zur Entstickung auch eine Entschwefelung des Abgases im Bereich des Partikelabscheiders durchgeführt werden.According to a further advantageous development calcium-containing and / or sodium-containing granules are used to provide an additional desulfurization of the exhaust gas as granules comprising CaO and / or Ca (OH) 2 and / or CaCO 3 and / or NaCO 3 and / or NaHCO 3 . This can be carried out in addition to denitrification and desulfurization of the exhaust gas in the particle separator.
Dabei erhöht sich die Konzentration an kalzium- und/oder natriumhaltigen Granlat zum Austritt hin.The concentration of calcium and / or sodium-containing granules increases towards the outlet.
Bevorzugt ist der Abscheider mehrstufig ausgeführt und die Konzentration und/oder Menge an kalzium- und/oder natriumhaltigen Granulat ist am Gaseintritt des Abscheiders niedriger als am Gaseintritt. Preferably, the separator is designed in several stages and the concentration and / or amount of calcium and / or sodium-containing granules is lower at the gas inlet of the separator than at the gas inlet.
Vorzugsweise wird das Abgas stromaufwärts des Einbringens von Ammoniak oder der Ammoniakvorläufersubstanz in das Abgas über einen Oxidationskatalysator zur Oxidation von SO2 in SO3 geführt. Hierdurch kann die Entschwefelung des Abgases verbessert werden, da SO3 mit dem obigen kalziumhaltigen und/oder natriumhaltigen Granulat schneller reagiert als SO2.Preferably, the exhaust gas is passed upstream of the introduction of ammonia or the ammonia precursor substance into the exhaust gas via an oxidation catalyst for the oxidation of SO 2 in SO 3 . In this way, the desulfurization of the exhaust gas can be improved because SO 3 reacts faster than SO 2 with the above calcium-containing and / or sodium-containing granules.
Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung. Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden, ohne hierauf beschränkt zu sein, an Hand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt:Preferred embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the description below. Embodiments of the invention will be described, without being limited thereto, with reference to the drawings. Showing:
Die hier vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine, mit Hilfe dessen Abgas effektiv entstickt und gegebenenfalls entschwefelt werden kann.The present invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine, by means of which exhaust gas can be effectively entstickt and optionally desulfurized.
Das Abgasnachbehandlungssystem
Im Sinne der hier vorliegenden Erfindung wird der Verbrennungsmotor
Um demnach bei Betrieb einer Brennkraftmaschine Abgas bereitzustellen, welches einer effektiven Entstickung unterzogen wurde, wird erfindungsgemäß der Verbrennungsmotor
Vorzugsweise wird der Verbrennungsmotor
Insbesondere bei Großmotoren, wie zum Beispiel bei Schiffsdieselbrennkraftmaschinen, bei welchen im Verbrennungsmotor
Der Partikelabscheider
Dabei wird eine Wander- oder Fließgeschwindigkeit des Granulats
Das im Partikelabscheider
Gemäß
In Abweichung zur
Nach einer weiteren Variante der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, das Abgas
Als Granulat findet dabei vorzugsweise CaO und/oder Ca(OH)2 und/oder CaCO3 und/oder NaCO3 und/oder NaHCO3 Verwendung. Dabei ist von Bedeutung, dass SO3 schneller mit dem kalziumhaltigen Granulat und/oder natriumhaltigen Granulat des Partikelabscheiders
nämlich für Ca(OH)2 nach folgenden Reaktionsgleichungen
namely for Ca (OH) 2 according to the following reaction equations
Hierbei entsteht pulverförmiges Kalziumsulfat CaSO4 und Natriumsulfat Na2SO4, welches zusammen mit dem Granulat
Die Konzentration an kalzium- und/oder natriumhaltigen Granulat erhöht sich zum Austritt hin. Der Abscheider ist mehrstufig ausgeführt und die Konzentration und/oder Menge an kalzium- und/oder natriumhaltigen Granulat am Gaseintritt des Abscheiders ist niedriger als am Gaseintritt is.The concentration of calcium and / or sodium-containing granules increases towards the outlet. The separator is designed in several stages and the concentration and / or amount of calcium and / or sodium-containing granules at the gas inlet of the separator is lower than at the gas inlet is.
In allen Ausführungsbeispielen der
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
- 11
- BrennkraftmaschineInternal combustion engine
- 22
- Verbrennungsmotorinternal combustion engine
- 33
- Abgasnachbehandlungssystemaftertreatment system
- 44
- Partikelabscheiderparticle
- 55
- Abgasexhaust
- 66
- Granulatgranules
- 77
- Reduktionsmittelreducing agent
- 88th
- SCR-KatalysatorSCR catalyst
- 99
- Oxidationskatalysatoroxidation catalyst
Claims (11)
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