DE102010012287A1 - Wheel set for rail vehicle that is utilized for transportation of e.g. passengers, has rubber-tired wheel located on axles eccentric to axle region that is provided between steel wheel and rubber-tired wheel - Google Patents

Abstract

The wheel set has a concentric steel wheel arranged at inner and outer axle edges, and a rubber-tired wheel located on axles eccentric to an axle region that is provided between the steel wheel and the rubber-tired wheel. The axles are firmly connected with a hydraulic cylinder (1) over a knuckle linkage and rotated up to a limited range of about 120 degree. A computer-controlled hydraulic part and sensors perform alternative load determination for the steel wheel and the rubber-tired wheel by rotating the axles and the rubber-tired wheel.

Description

Summary

short version

The <railroad> can become a combined <iron rubber track>. For wheelsets per axle are doubled, once with the conventional steel wheels for the traditional lane and, on the same axis, but eccentrically stored, novel rubber wheels, which then run parallel to the rail track on its own guideway.

Technical task and objective.

The means of transport for travelers should become more attractive in order to move more people away from the individual means of transport into more environmentally friendly means of travel.

The means of transport should provide a new sense of travel, provide more travel comfort, less noise for passengers and residents, run with less vibration and shock, be gentle on materials, thereby causing lower maintenance costs, have better acceleration and braking, allow more relaxed travel, and even without questioning the economic efficiency. The innovation also saves energy.

Solution of the problem or the technical task.

Instead of using iron wheels on iron rails, the future traveler can use the same means of transport <railroad> by means of sensor-controlled hydraulics on rubber wheels to drive smooth, quiet, vibration-free and low-wear.

For this, the traditional steel wheels sit in the same place but on extended, load-bearing bearings, on a rigid axle. This has on both sides of an eccentrically elaborated extension on a rubber-tipped wheel on a narrow track, parallel to the rail track runs.

The purpose of the eccentric bearing is to be able to shift the load alternately from the steel wheel to the rubber wheel and vice versa. This displacement is effected by a hydraulically operated, via sensors controlled technology plant, by rotating the rigid axle. The changes in the wheel load are achieved via the eccentrically arranged axle extension. Loads can be adjusted as quickly as possible to the circumstances occurring.

The axle is not subject to constant load changes, so it can be smaller in size. The problem in this regard, the material for today's super fast trains z. T. extremely stressed, deleted.

Field of use.

For all rail transport, especially passenger transport.

State of the art

Rail vehicles for passenger or freight transport run exclusively on specially profiled steel wheels including (emergency) guide elements, the wheel flange, on steel rails.

A proven technique.

• – Starke Geräuschentwicklung.
• – Die Adhäsionskraft zwischen dem stählernen Fahrweg und dem ebenso stählernen, rollenden Material ist relativ gering. Der Wirkungsgrad für Beschleunigungs- und Bremsvorgänge ist eingeschränkt.
• – Es kommt zu unruhigem Lauf.
• – Es kommt verstärkt zu Verschleißerscheinungen und oft zu Materialschäden.
• – In engeren Zeitabständen werden Inspektionen inkl. Austauschteilen fällig.
• – Vibrationen und Schwingungen wirken sich ungünstig auf die Transportmittel und -güter aus.
• – Der ständige, betriebsbedingte, rasche Lastwechsel bei Rad und Achse stellt sehr hohe Ansprüche an das betroffene rollende Material.
• – Die harten Belastungen von Stahl auf Stahl stellen hohe Anforderungen an den Unterbau des Schienenweges, der in bestimmten kurzen Abständen Aus- und Nachbesserungen erfordert.
• – Die Stöße und Vibrationen wirken sich auch nachteilig auf die Fahrwerktechnik aus, die in relativ kurzen Abständen kostenträchtig überprüft und oft nachgebessert werden muss.
• – Der Aufwand, der betrieben werden muss, um wenigstens für den Personenverkehr die Fahrgeräusche und die technisch bedingten Bewegungen auszugleichen und zu minimieren, ist recht hoch.

The disadvantages are:

• - Strong noise.
• - The adhesion between the steel track and the equally steel, rolling material is relatively low. The efficiency for acceleration and braking is limited.
• - It comes to a restless run.
• - It comes increasingly to wear and often to material damage.
• - Inspections incl. Replacement parts are due within a shorter period of time.
• - Vibrations and vibrations have an unfavorable effect on the means of transport and goods.
• - The constant, operational, rapid load changes in wheel and axle makes very high demands on the rolling stock in question.
• - The hard loads of steel on steel make high demands on the substructure of the railway track, which requires reworking and reworking at certain short intervals.
• - The shocks and vibrations also have a detrimental effect on the suspension technology, which is costly checked in relatively short intervals and often has to be improved.
• - The effort that needs to be operated to compensate for at least for passenger traffic noise and the technical movements and minimize, is quite high.

A rubber tire would bring considerable benefits and improvements in all the above points.

The cost savings are likely to be significant in the sum of all the elements that work together.

The goal

• – Energieeinsparung ist ein wichtiges Ziel, es wird damit erreichbar.
• – Die Geräuschentwicklung wird sehr stark reduziert. Im Vergleich zum Stahlrad auf ein vernachlässigbares Minimum. Dadurch wird der Aufwand für die technische Struktur, besonders bei einem Personentransportmittel, verringert.
• – Die Adhäsion, besonders für Beschleunigungs- und Bremsvorgänge, wird über Gummi entscheidend effektiver.
• – Durch die weitaus bessere Laufruhe kommt es allgemein zu stark vermindertem Verschleiß. Mögliche Stöße oder auch Unebenheiten werden vom Gummireifen bereits abgefedert und stark abgemildert, bevor sie sich nachteilig auf die Fahrwerkstechnik auswirken können.
• – Der Fahrkomfort wird durch die Laufruhe wesentlich gesteigert.
• – Der Unterbau wird viel weniger belastet, die Beanspruchung, und damit der Verschleiß, wird auch beim Transportmittel allgemein verringert, die Fahrwerkstechnik wird geschont, Kosten werden eingespart.
• – Auch bei hoher Geschwindigkeit wirkt sich die Gummibereifung dämpfend auf die Geräuschentwicklung aus.
• – Der Fahrkomfort für Fahrgäste ist nur vergleichbar mit dem der Magnetschwebebahn.
• – Brüche durch Materialfehler oder -ermüdung bei den Achsen werden so gut wie ausgeschlossen.
• – Das Fahrverhalten ist durch die wesentlich verbreiterte Fahrspur ruhiger, die Fahrsicherheit wird allgemein verbessert.
• – Der Verschleiß reduziert sich in der Hauptsache auf die Gummibereifung, die technisch einfach, schnell und kostengünstig ausgewechselt werden kann.
• – Brückenbauten werden weit weniger beansprucht.
• – Eine Entgleisung verläuft in der Regel weit weniger folgenreich und destruktiv, weil Räder zwischen Fahrweg und Schienen gehalten oder – bildlich dargestellt – zwangsgeführt werden. Das verunglückte Transportsystem kann sich, in vielen denkbaren und vergleichenden Fällen, nicht unkontrolliert seinen zerstörerischen Weg suchen.
• – Durch eine Gummibereifung wird ein ruhigerer, geräuschärmerer, energiesparender, fahrgastfreundlicherer, rüttel-, vibrations- und schwingungsärmerer Lauf erzielt. Auch dadurch ergeben sich allgemein große Einsparmöglichkeiten beim Betrieb, sowie Wartung und Inspektionsintervallen.
• – Die jederzeit mögliche, sensorengesteuerte Lastverteilung zwischen Stahlrad einerseits und dem gummibereiften Rad andererseits, kann in jedem Fahrzustand die Sicherheit erhöhen.
• – Der Abstand zwischen Schienensträngen kann unverändert bleiben.

Driving on rubber is becoming a fine thing, comparable to the behavior of the maglev train, significantly cheaper in construction and operation.

• - Energy saving is an important goal, it can be reached.
• - The noise is greatly reduced. In comparison to the steel wheel to a negligible minimum. As a result, the cost of the technical structure, especially in a passenger transport, is reduced.
• - Adhesion, especially for acceleration and braking, becomes significantly more effective via rubber.
• - The much better smoothness generally leads to greatly reduced wear. Possible bumps or bumps are already cushioned by the rubber tires and greatly mitigated before they can adversely affect the suspension technology.
• - The ride comfort is significantly increased by the smoothness.
• - The base is loaded much less, the stress, and thus the wear, is also generally reduced in the means of transport, the suspension technology is spared, costs are saved.
• - Even at high speed, the rubber tires have a dampening effect on the noise level.
• - The ride comfort for passengers is only comparable to that of the maglev train.
• - Breaks due to material defects or fatigue in the axles are virtually eliminated.
• - The handling is quieter due to the much widened lane, driving safety is generally improved.
• - The wear is reduced in the main to the rubber tires, which can be replaced technically simple, fast and cost-effective.
• - Bridge structures are much less stressed.
• - A derailment is usually far less consequential and destructive, because wheels are held between the track and rails or - shown figuratively - forced. In many conceivable and comparative cases, the accidental transport system can not uncontrollably seek its destructive route.
• - A rubber tire, a quieter, quieter, energy-saving, passenger-friendly, vibration, vibration and low-vibration run is achieved. This also generally results in great savings in operation, as well as maintenance and inspection intervals.
• - The always possible, sensor-controlled load distribution between the steel wheel on the one hand and the rubber-tired wheel on the other hand, can increase safety in any driving condition.
• - The distance between rail tracks can remain unchanged.

A rubber tire would bring considerable benefits and improvements in all the above points.

The cost savings are likely to be significant in the sum of all the elements that work together.

The description of the novelty

The conventional railway technology:

In conventional railway technology, the axles and wheels are a rigid assembly. The axle bearings of the rotating axles, carriers of goods or passenger transport, are exposed to a constant, heavy load change while driving. The higher the transport speed, the faster the load change, the higher the load, both of the rolling material in general, and of the rail track. Quite different with the novelty.

When new, the axle is rigid and the wheels turn on a rolling bearing. 1 . 2 and 3

• 1. Auf den beidseits innen liegenden Achsabschnitten -a- läuft auf einem Wälzlager ein traditionelles Stahlrad mit dem (vergößerten) Spurkranz.
• 2. Der zweite Achsabschnitt -b- trägt je ein Gleitlager; auf ihm ruht die Struktur des Transportmittels.
• 3. Die außen angeordneten Achsabschnitte -c- sind exzentrisch zur Achse angeordnet. Sie tragen je ein gummibereiftes Rad. 1

The axle as a construction unit has at each end three bearing sections - from inside to outside a - b - c . 1

• 1. A traditional steel wheel with the (enlarged) wheel flange runs on a rolling bearing on both sides of the axle sections -a-.
• 2. The second axle section -b- carries a plain bearing; on it rests the structure of the means of transport.
• 3. The outer axle sections -c- are arranged eccentrically to the axle. They each carry a rubber-tired wheel. 1

The (rigid) axis is connected via a lever linkage with a hydraulic cylinder and can thus be partially rotated. As a result, a change in position of the rubber-tired wheel, with respect to the steel wheel on the inner axle section, possible. 1 to 5 ,

Depending on the requirements, the rubber wheel is loaded more heavily by sensors and the steel wheel is relieved accordingly or vice versa. 2 to 5 ,

In normal driving, it is possible that the load of the means of transport, with constant control by sensors, completely from the rubber-tired wheels is worn. The steel wheel is guided at the smallest possible distance from the rail. The guiding property of the wheel flange is not affected by this setting, they keep the means of transport unchanged safely on track. 1 to 5 ,

The wheel flange receives an enlarged diameter.

Switching or adaptation of the axis pressure distribution can be initiated and activated by computers in fractions of a second.

When standing train the rubber wheels can be spared and relieved, the loads then rest on the steel wheels.

Braking processes can be optimized both with the rubber wheels and with the steel wheels. They can, depending on the design, be controlled by ABS.

A return of the braking energy in the form of electrical current is possible and appropriate.

The path for the rubber wheel:

Parallel to the line, at the appropriate distance and required width, is established on the same, but then extended thresholds, the substructure or the track bed, a sustainable path for the rubber wheel. It runs at the same level as the running surface of the rails. 1 ,

The smoothness of the rubber wheels ensures that the track does not experience any stress or special load. This benefits the entire track construction, the ballast bed requires less repair and rework.

The track may be made of steel, concrete or asphalt or of a suitable combination.

It can be integrated into the track bed, which only has to be widened when being removed.

The track systems are also after a new, dismantling or conversion, without any technical conversion, for any common or traditional rail vehicle, always usable without restriction.

The surface of the track will be designed to ensure good adhesion and grip for rubber tires while minimizing wear. Minimizing noise is also a task.

It will be designed so that rainwater can drain well.

The path may have a possibility of heating to prevent icing.

The path can u. U. consist of sectors or sections. The assembly of individual parts takes place in the longitudinal direction at an acute angle. Thus, the noise during the transition can be largely excluded.

The rubber wheel

It runs on bearings on the outer, eccentrically arranged Achsteil. 1 . 4 and 5 ,

It consists of a metal body with mounted rubber tires. It has the same diameter on the tread as the steel wheel. 1

The rubber tires can consist of very solid solid rubber without profiling or structuring.

To avoid slippage during acceleration and / or braking, the rubber tires on the metal wheel body is mounted transversely to the running direction toothed.

The rubber tires may consist of one or more juxtaposed wheels. 6

In the wheel hub of the rubber wheel, the electrical equipment for the recovery of the brake energy can be accommodated. 1

The steel wheel

It runs on the inner axle - section (a) - on a roller bearing. It is in its form according to today's standard. It can have a more pronounced, larger flange for the guide, a safe tracking is guaranteed. Even if it - sensor-controlled - brings no load on the rails, so at a minimum distance, or is performed with a minimum load, it provides the same safety and stability for tracking, as in a fully loaded on the rails wheel.

It is due to operational reasons, in his job to keep track or secure, claimed only by lateral pressure. But it has with its bearings on the rigid axle a widened seat. 1

Occurring pressure, which is directed solely inward due to the tracking, is passed to a collar, which in turn abuts a shoulder in the diameter of the axis. 1

If a friction brake is to act on the steel wheel, then the load is transferred from the rubber-tired wheel to the steel wheel during each braking process.

camp

Instead of a rolling bearing, as in traditional, previous design, there are two, whereby as previously operational only one of them is charged. There is a plain bearing, more a stationary bearing or a bearing seat on which the load or structure rests. It only experiences a very limited, by no means the bearing itself constant loading, rotary motion. There are no load changes for bearings and axle. 1

The plain bearing

It is arranged between the bearing for the rubber wheel and that of the steel wheel. The means of transport rest on it. A load change takes place only insignificantly.

The axial rotation is at most 120 degrees. It is effected by a linkage of a hydraulic cylinder. 2 to 5 ,

A permanent lubrication is sufficient for the plain bearing.

The slide bearing can be used as an additional, immovable, external lock for the seat of the steel wheel.

The hydraulic device

A hydraulic pressure is generated electrically.

It acts in a cylinder whose piston thus moves a linkage that acts on one or, in the case of double axes, on both axles. Thus, an axle can be rotated as needed so that a desired load change between the eccentrically mounted rubber wheel and the concentric steel wheel is effected. 2 to 5 ,

All processes are reported by sensors and controlled by computer.

The operation

A train with wagons with rubber tires can be towed by a locomotive.

However, a train may also consist of a carriage assembly in which an electric drive is integrated in each rubber-tired wheel.

In this case, the metal body is designed so that a hub motor can work.

The rigid part with the windings of an electric motor is then firmly connected to the rigid axle and extends into the hub part of the wheel. 1 ,

braking

Braking operations should transform the braking energy back into electricity.

This can be organized via induction.

But this is also possible by corresponding reversal of the drive motors in the hubs.

The braking distance

It is controlled by ABS and can at least be shortened by the rubber tires.

Other benefits directly related to rubber tires:

• - An energy saving is achieved.
• - The run is very safe and quiet.
• - In an accident, with the result of a derailment, the whole driving system - according to the evaluations of the accidents of recent years - fairly sure between taxiway and rail forced so long until the derailed train parts, without tilting or breaking out, have come to a standstill ,
• - The wear of material is significantly reduced. Bearings, track beds, wheels, means of transport, bridge constructions etc. are subject to less stress and wear.
• - Workshop visits, the inspection intervals, are cheaper and can be extended in time.
• - The replacement of a damaged or worn rubber tire is comparatively very easy and fast.

runnability

Optimum runnability can be achieved through specially developed rubber compounds and manufacturing processes, in conjunction with the raceway.

For high operating speeds no insurmountable problems should occur.

The system can be used with any rail transport, including subways.

Overcoming larger pitch angles is possible.

As not insignificant is the advantage that no derailment uncontrollable sideways movements occur. Both the rubber impeller and the steel wheel usually get, as it were between runway and rail, a Notlaufeigenschaft.

The driving experience

It should be like that of the magnetic levitation train.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Hydraulikzylinder

2

Hebelgestänge Verbindung Hydraulik mit Starrachse

3

Abdichtung des Motorgehäuses

4

Gummibereifung Schema

5

Laufrad mit kombiniertem Nabenmotor

6

Äußerer Teil des Elektroantriebs in der Nabe

7

Befestigung auf der Achse für Elektroantrieb in der Radnabe

8

Gleitlager für Achslast

9

Exzentrischer Achsteil

10

Innerer Teil des Elektroantriebes in der Nabe

11

Trad. Stahlrad mit verlängerter Lagerauflage

12

Trad. Schiene

13

Laufweg für Gummireifen

14

Stellring für Lageranschlag

15

Lang ausgebildetes Wälzlager für Stahlrad

16

Lagerabschnitt -a- für Stahlrad

17

Lagerabschnitt -b- für Gleitlager

18

Exzentrischer Lagerabschnitt -c- für gummibereiftes Rad

19

Steuergestänge zwischen Hydraulikzylinder und Starrachse.

Fig. 1

1

hydraulic cylinders

2

Lever linkage Connection of hydraulic system with rigid axle

3

Sealing of the motor housing

4

Rubber tires scheme

5

Impeller with combined hub motor

6

Outer part of the electric drive in the hub

7

Attachment on the axle for electric drive in the wheel hub

8th

Plain bearing for axle load

9

Eccentric axle part

10

Inner part of the electric drive in the hub

11

Trad. Steel wheel with extended bearing support

12

Trad. rail

13

Running track for rubber tires

14

Adjustment ring for bearing stop

15

Long trained rolling bearing for steel wheel

16

Bearing section -a- for steel wheel

17

Bearing section -b- for plain bearings

18

Eccentric bearing section -c for rubber-tired wheel

19

Control linkage between hydraulic cylinder and live axle.

Claims (10)

The wheelset for rail transport with arranged on an axle paired steel and rubber wheels and hydraulically controlled alternative load determination is characterized in that a rail vehicle on one axle has two pairs of wheels on bearings, each consisting of a traditional concentric steel wheel inside and at the outer axle , on a eccentric to the axle axle area, has a rubber-tired wheel. The wheelset for rail transport is characterized according to claim 1, characterized in that the axis is fixedly connected via a linkage rod with a hydraulic cylinder and thus in a limited range, up to about 120 degrees, can be rotated, thus each of the two wheels simultaneously more or less. The wheelset for rail transport is characterized according to claim 2, characterized in that the sensor and computer-controlled hydraulics by rotating the axle and the eccentrically mounted "rubber wheel" an alternative load determination for the steel and the rubber-tired wheel makes possible and thus at any time an optimal adjustment can take place controlled to the jeweillige driving situation. The wheelset for rail-bound transport is characterized according to claim 1, characterized in that an axis region between the steel wheel on the one hand and the rubber-tired wheel on the other hand rests in a cup bearing, which carries the Strukltur of the rail vehicle. The wheelset for rail-bound transport is characterized according to claim 2 and 3, characterized in that the hydraulic system via the linkage on several axes can act simultaneously. The wheelset for rail transport with arranged on an axle paired steel and rubber wheels and hydraulically controlled alternative load determination is characterized in that for the rubber-tired wheels, parallel to the rail track, a inegrated in the lower and upper track of the track bed runway made of concrete, asphalt , Steel or a combination of different basic materials, which runs at the same level as the rail surface. The wheelset for rail transport is characterized according to claim 6, characterized in that the running path receives an electronically controlled heating system to exclude icing. The wheelset for rail transport is characterized according to claim 1, characterized in that the rubber-tired wheel has a plurality of adjacent, meshed with the wheel body rubber tire. The wheelset for rail transport is characterized in that according to claim 1, the rubber-tired wheel in the hub includes an electric drive motor. The wheelset for rail transport is characterized in that after Claim 9, which is reversed in the hub of the rubber wheel drive motor, is reversed for the recovery of the braking energy.

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