DE102010006804A1 - decoys - Google Patents

Abstract

A decoy for torpedo defense has a mass body, which is detachable from the rest of the decoy.

Description

The invention relates to a decoy for torpedo defense.

To defend against torpedoes, modern submarines are equipped with decoys, with which a torpedo running towards a submarine can either be deflected or destroyed, depending on the design of the decoys. For this purpose, the decoys are ejected from transversely or obliquely to the longitudinal extent of the submarine aligned starter tubes, which are arranged in the region of the upper deck and / or the tower of such submarines. After ejection from the starter tubes, the decoys reach a certain distance from the submarine in which they assume a hovering position or, if equipped with a corresponding drive, can change their depth beforehand.

In order to assume a floating position and to be able to remain in this, it is necessary that the weight of the decoy corresponds approximately to the weight of the displaced by him water. Accordingly, decoys have a comparatively low weight. Because of this light weight, they can absorb only relatively little kinetic energy and are therefore expelled only in a correspondingly short distance to the submarine. This relatively short ejection distances prove to be problematic in view of the fact that one tries in addition to the ejection of decoys to bring the submarine by targeted evasive maneuvers of the submarine in front of an approaching torpedo to safety, which can lead to a collision of the submarine with a barter body at worst.

Against this background, the invention has for its object to provide a decoys of the abovementioned type, which can be ejected relative to the previously known decoys in a greater distance from the submarine, without significantly changing the other functional properties over the known decoys.

This object is achieved by a barter with the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous developments of this decoy emerge from the dependent claims, the following description and the drawings. In this case, according to the invention, the features specified in the subclaims in each case, but also in combination, the solution according to the invention according to claim 1 further develop.

The decoy according to the invention has a mass body, which is detachable from the remainder of the decoy. Under the remaining decoy is an elongated body to understand that contains all the essential functional components of the decoy and the weight of which essentially corresponds to the weight of the displaced by him water. At this body, the mass body is releasably attached and thus forms an additional weight, although initially degrades the floating properties of the decoy, but this is unproblematic insofar as the mass body to produce the optimal ability to float the decoy of the body is solvable and accordingly dropped at the appropriate time can be. But before that, d. H. when ejecting the exchange body from the starter tube of a submarine, caused by the mass body additional weight improves the ability of the decoy invention to absorb more kinetic energy, so that the exchange body according to the invention over the previously known decoys ejected under the same ejection conditions in a further distance from a submarine can be. As a result, the risk of a collision of the submarine with the decoy during an evasive maneuver of the submarine is significantly reduced. Advantageously, the exchange body according to the invention can also be constructed on the basis of a prior art exchange body, this prior art exchange body then forming the body to which the mass body is releasably secured.

Conveniently, it is desirable that the mass body of the exchange body according to the invention is only dropped when the decoy is at a sufficient distance from the submarine. To achieve this, for example, a mechanism for releasing the mass body depending on distance z. B. be activated by means of a ripcord. However, it is preferably provided that the mass body is time-controlled from the remaining exchange body solvable. Accordingly, the decoy according to the invention may comprise a derailleur, which, after the decoy has left the starter tube, actuates the mechanism for releasing the mass body with a certain time delay.

In principle, the mass body can be arranged at any point of the base body. Particularly advantageously, however, the mass body forms a head of the decoy, ie, the mass body is arranged on a front end of the main body in the ejection direction of the exchange body. Expediently, the mass body does not protrude beyond the outer cross-sectional contour of the basic body. By the mass body the Head of the decoy forms, the center of gravity of the decoy is placed as far forward in the ejection direction of the decoy, resulting in a particularly stable driving behavior of the decoy during the ejection movement. In addition, a mass body forming the head of the decoy can also form a protective cap for functional units arranged at the front end of the main body in the ejection direction. These functional units may be, for example, acoustic devices or a propeller arranged there for changing the diving depth. By appropriate external shaping of the mass body and the hydrodynamic properties of these decoys can be improved during the ejection process.

For ejecting the mass body from the decoy, the decoy may comprise an electronic control device which activates a device for releasing the mass body. Such a control device has the advantage that it can be operated remotely. However, it should be noted that an electronic control device requires an accumulator for the power supply of the controller. In addition, electronic control compared to hydraulically or mechanically operated controls are much more susceptible to interference, so that when using an electronic control device in decoys comparatively high failure rates of these decoys are to be expected. Therefore, a solution is preferred in which the mass body is hydraulically and / or mechanically detachable from the remainder of the decoy. In this context, both a device for releasing the mass body as well as a time or distance control for activating this device can be hydraulically and / or mechanically actuated. Preferably, a mechanical or hydraulic spring mechanism is used as the timing.

Particularly advantageously, the mass body is designed such that it is divisible into two parts transversely to a longitudinal axis of the decoy. Thus, a mass body forming the head of the exchange body, which is arranged in direct extension of the main body of the decoy, substantially in a lying on the longitudinal axis of the decoy body be divisible into two halves and are thrown off in a simple manner laterally to the longitudinal axis of the decoy ,

In order to hold together the two parts of the mass body to their separation in a two-part embodiment of the head of the decoy mass body, the two parts of the mass body can advantageously be releasably positively connected in an area facing away from the head of the mass body area. Here, the type of positive connection is suitably chosen so that the two mass body parts can be reliably and quickly separated from each other. So z. B. at the end remote from the head end of the mass body end portion of each mass body part at least one and preferably two oppositely arranged hooks may be formed, wherein the hooks of the two mass body parts positively engage with each other. In this state, the two mass body parts are fixed to each other at least transversely to the longitudinal extent of the mass body, wherein the mass body parts can be solved by a corresponding relative movement between the mass body parts from each other.

Typically, it may also be useful to connect the two parts of the mass body to each other at the head end of the mass body. Therefore, a further advantageous embodiment of the exchange body according to the invention, at the head end of the mass body to arrange a spring ring which holds the two parts of the mass body together. Thus, the two joined parts of the mass body at the top end of the mass body z. B. form a projection which is surrounded by a resiliently yielding spring ring form and locks. Due to its elastic compliance of the spring ring for releasing the mass body of the remaining decoy can be easily stripped from the projection formed at the head of the mass body.

For separating the two mass body parts from each other, d. H. for releasing the mass body of the remaining decoy, a compression spring is preferably provided, which is supported biased between a first and a second part of the mass body. In the case of a mass body divided in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the decoy, the effective direction of this compression spring is expediently oriented substantially transversely to the longitudinal axis of the decoy or transversely to the plane of division of the mass body.

In one embodiment of the decoy according to the invention, in which a spring ring holds together a two-part mass body at the head end, advantageously a piston-cylinder arrangement may be provided by means of which the spring ring is removable from the mass body. This piston-cylinder arrangement may expediently be arranged in one of the two mass body parts in such a way that the piston of the piston-cylinder arrangement or a component coupled with this piston acts on the spring ring in the direction parallel to the central axis of the spring ring with appropriate movement of the piston separates the spring ring at an extension movement of the piston of the mass body.

Typical of piston-cylinder arrangements, the piston divides the cylinder interior into two cylinder chambers. It is preferably provided that a first, in the extension direction of the piston front cylinder chamber with a liquid, preferably glycol, is filled, while in a second, in the extension direction of the piston rear cylinder chamber, a prestressed compression spring is arranged. In this case, the piston of the piston-cylinder arrangement can advantageously have a throttle bore, which forms an overflow connection from the first to the second cylinder chamber of the piston-cylinder arrangement.

After activating the piston-cylinder arrangement, the pressure spring arranged in the second cylinder chamber presses the piston against the liquid present in the first cylinder chamber, which then flows over the throttle bore slowly into the second cylinder chamber. The piston movement is correspondingly slow. As a result, a time control for removing the spring ring from the mass body and, consequently, for releasing the mass body from the remaining decoys can advantageously be realized with a suitable flow path of the piston.

It is expedient to ensure that the mass body does not come loose in the storage position of the decoy in the starter tube of a submarine. For this purpose, a lever mechanism is advantageously provided which determines the piston of the piston-cylinder assembly in a locking position positively. This lever mechanism can form a single lever in the simplest case, which is pivotable from a position locking the piston to a position releasing the piston. However, such a lever mechanism is preferred, in which a lever is coupled to a locking element which is moved by pivoting the lever from a position locking the piston to a position releasing the piston. Particularly advantageous is the lever mechanism in such a way that it releases the piston after the expiry of the decoy from the starter tube automatically.

For this purpose, the lever of the lever mechanism can advantageously be actuated by means of a compression spring. In this context, an embodiment is preferred in which the lever is supported on a prestressed compression spring. The lever may in this case be arranged on a part of the mass body in such a way that, when the decoy is arranged in a starter tube, it can be arranged on an inner wall of the starter tube or on a guide rail for the decoy disposed in the starter tube in a piston of the decoy. Cylinder arrangement supports locking position. As soon as the decoy is moved out of the starter tube, the contact of the lever with the inner wall of the starter tube or with the guide rail arranged in the starter tube ends and the compression spring can move the lever into a position releasing the piston of the piston-cylinder assembly.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. In the drawing shows:

1 in a schematic side view of a starter tube with a decoy mounted therein,

2 in a sectional view of a head portion of a decoy according to the detail A in 1 with a mass body arranged there and

3 in a sectional view of the head area 2 with a releasing mass body.

In 1 is a decoy 2 in a starter tube 4 of a submarine. An ejection opening of the starter tube 4 is with a lid 6 pressure sealable, so that the exchange body 2 in the starter tube 4 can be stored dry. The lid 6 is pivotable about a pivot axis B from a position closing the discharge opening into a position releasing the discharge opening. The storage of the decoy 2 in the starter tube 4 takes place on guide rails 8th attached to the inner wall of the starter tube 4 are attached.

Like from the 2 and 3 indicates the decoy 2 a basic body 10 on. This basic body 10 contains all essential functional units of the decoy 2 , At the ejection direction of the decoy 2 front end of the main body 10 or on the lid 6 facing the end of the body 10 forms a mass body 12 a head of the decoy 2 , The mass body 12 is from the main body 10 solvable, which will be discussed in more detail below.

At the decoy 2 is it such a barter? 2 after completion of its ejection movement and after separation of the mass body 12 from the main body 10 can change its depth. For this purpose, the basic body 10 a propeller 14 on. This propeller 14 is at a vertex of a parabolically arched, the lid 6 facing end portion 16 of the basic body 10 arranged, attached to a cylindrical section 18 of the basic body 10 followed. The end section 16 has a slightly smaller outer cross section than the section 18 on and forms in this way an annular shoulder 20 ,

The mass body 12 is partially hollow and forms a cap, which is the end portion 16 of the basic body 10 completely surrounds and in this way the propeller 14 and others in the area of the end section 16 arranged functional units of the decoy 2 covers and protects in this way. At its in ejection direction of the exchange body 2 front end is the mass body 12 parabolically curved, wherein it goes into a cylindrical section, the outer diameter of the outer diameter of the section 18 of the basic body 10 equivalent.

The mass body 12 is substantially in the direction of a longitudinal axis C of the decoy 2 in two parts 22 and 24 divided. In an area attached to the cylindrical section 18 of the basic body 10 are adjacent to the part 22 of the mass body 12 a recess 26 and a lead 28 trained while on the part 24 of the mass body 12 a recess 30 and a lead 32 are formed. In the assembled state of the parts 22 and 24 of the mass body 12 grab the lead 28 of the part 22 into the recess 30 of the part 24 one while the projection 32 of the part 24 into the recess 26 of the part 22 intervenes. That's how the parts are 22 and 24 of the mass body 12 in the direction transverse to the longitudinal axis C of the decoy 2 releasably form-fitting fixed to each other.

In the area of the body 10 Abandoned end of the mass body 12 is on the outside of an annular shoulder 34 incorporated in the mass body 12 a lead 36 forms. To get this lead 36 is a spring washer 38 put the parts 22 and 24 of the mass body 12 positively and non-positively connects with each other.

At the parabolically curved end of the mass body 12 are its parts 22 and 24 solidly formed. In this area of the part 22 of the mass body 12 is an opening 40 formed, which are parallel to the longitudinal axis C of the exchange body 2 from the outside of the part 22 to that in the mass body 12 trained cavity extends. The opening 40 points from the outside of the part 22 a section 42 on, which is heel-shaped to a section 44 extended.

The section 44 the opening 40 forms a cylinder 44 a piston-cylinder arrangement with one in the cylinder 44 movably mounted pistons 46 , The piston 46 divides the cylinder into a first cylinder chamber 48 and a second cylinder chamber 50 , The cylinder chamber 50 will be at her from the section 42 the opening 40 opposite end of a socket 52 closed, through the one in the direction of the main body 10 directed portion of a piston rod 54 is guided. At this section of the piston rod 54 is an annular groove in one end 55 educated.

In the section 42 the opening 40 is a threaded bush 56 screwed. Through this threaded bush 56 is another, towards the head of the mass body 12 directed section of the piston rod 54 guided. This section of the piston rod 54 is against the spring ring 38 movable, whereby the spring washer 38 from the lead 36 of the mass body can be stripped off. In the cylinder chamber 50 is a coil spring 58 arranged, located between the piston 46 and the socket 52 supported. The socket 52 is by a retaining screw 53 fixed in their position. The cylinder chamber 48 is filled with glycol. This glycol can have one on the piston 46 trained throttle bore 60 from the cylinder chamber 48 in the cylinder chamber 50 stream.

In the area of the cylindrical section of the mass body 12 is on the outside of the part 22 of the mass body 12 a groove-shaped recess 62 educated. In this recess 62 is a lever 64 pivotally mounted about an axis D. The lever 64 rests in the storage position of the decoy 2 in the starter tube 4 on one of the guide rails 8th from. In this state, one on the part 22 in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis C of the decoy 2 aligned recess mounted and in a corresponding recess on the lever 64 engaging compression spring 66 biased.

At one the head end of the mass body 12 facing the end of the lever 64 is an operating rod 68 hinged. This operating rod 68 is in the part 22 of the mass body 12 90 ° normal to the longitudinal axis C of the decoy 2 slidably guided and forms at its free end a hook 70 , one of the lever 64 opposite side into the on the piston rod 54 trained annular groove 55 engages and in this way the piston 46 the piston-cylinder assembly holds in a locked position.

At the part 24 of the mass body 12 is a blind hole 72 formed, starting from the part 22 facing longitudinal side of the part 24 90 ° normal to the longitudinal axis C of the exchange body 2 extends. The blind hole 72 serves to accommodate a coil spring 74 that relate to joined parts 22 and 24 of the mass body 12 pressure-preloaded on the part 22 of the mass body 12 supported.

The operation of the exchange body according to the invention 2 is as follows:
At one in the starter tube 4 stored decoys 2 the lever is supported 64 against one on the inner wall of the starter tube 4 arranged guide rail so that the hook 70 the one on the lever 64 hinged operating rod 68 the piston 46 the piston-cylinder assembly by engaging in the piston rod 54 trained annular groove 55 prevents it from moving. At the same time pushes a projection 76 , which at the of the articulation of the operating rod 68 opposite end of the lever 64 is arranged, one at the curved end portion 16 of the basic body 10 arranged actuator 78 to activate in the body 10 arranged functional units in a non-activating these functional units position.

Will now be the decoy 2 from the starter tube 4 ejected, the contact between the guideway becomes 8th and the lever 64 solved and the compression spring 66 can the lever 64 to pivot in a position in which the on the operating rod 68 trained hooks 70 the piston rod 54 releases while the projection 76 from that on the main body 10 arranged actuator 78 moves away, causing the actuator 78 in one in the main body 10 located functional units activating position moves.

At the same time, in the cylinder chamber 50 arranged coil spring 58 the piston 46 the piston-cylinder arrangement in the direction of the cylinder chamber 48 move, whereby this movement is delayed, since that in the cylinder chamber 48 located glycol over the comparatively small cross-section of the throttle bore 60 only slowly from the cylinder chamber 48 in the cylinder chamber 50 can overflow.

After a while, in which the decoy 2 already significantly from the starter tube 4 or removed from the submarine; pushes the piston rod 54 against the spring ring 38 and touch it from the head of the mass body 12 trained lead 36 off, leaving at the head end the connection of the parts 22 and 24 of the mass body 12 is solved.

This allows the coil spring 74 the parts 22 and 24 of the mass body push away from each other, the two parts 22 and 24 each around each other at the paragraph 20 of the main body opposing pivot axes to the outside, ie from the longitudinal axis C of the exchange body 2 be swung away. Through these pivotal movements of the parts 22 and 24 solves their hook connection at the end remote from the head end of the mass body 12 so now between the parts 22 and 24 There is no longer any connection and the parts 22 and 24 or the entire mass body 12 from the main body 10 can solve.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2

decoys

4

starter pipe

6

cover

8th

guide rail

10

body

12

mass body

14

propeller

16

end

18

section

20

paragraph

22

part

24

part

26

recess

28

head Start

30

recess

32

head Start

34

paragraph

36

head Start

38

spring washer

40

perforation

42

section

44

Section, cylinder

46

piston

48

cylinder chamber

50

cylinder chamber

52

Rifle

53

retention screw

54

piston rod

55

ring groove

56

threaded bushing

58

coil spring

60

throttle bore

62

recess

64

lever

66

compression spring

68

actuating rod

70

hook

72

blind

74

coil spring

76

head Start

78

actuator

A

detail

B

swivel axis

C

longitudinal axis

D

axis

Claims (12)

Decoy ( 2 ) for torpedo defense, characterized in that the exchange body ( 2 ) a mass body ( 12 ), which of the other exchange body ( 2 ) is solvable. Exchange body ( 2 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass body ( 12 ) timed by the remaining decoy ( 2 ) is solvable. Decoy ( 2 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mass body ( 12 ) a head of the decoy ( 2 ). Exchange body ( 2 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mass body ( 12 ) hydraulically and / or mechanically from the remaining exchange body ( 2 ) is solvable. Decoy ( 2 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mass body ( 12 ) transverse to a longitudinal axis (C) of the decoy ( 2 ) in two parts ( 22 . 24 ) is divisible. Decoy ( 2 ) according to claim 4, characterized in that the two parts ( 22 . 24 ) of the mass body ( 12 ) in one of the head end of the mass body ( 12 ) facing away detachable form-fitting connectable. Exchange body ( 2 ) according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that at a head end of the mass body ( 12 ) a spring washer ( 38 ), which parts ( 22 . 24 ) of the mass body ( 12 ) holds together. Exchange body ( 2 ) according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that between a first ( 22 ) and a second ( 24 ) Part of the mass body ( 12 ) a preloaded compression spring ( 74 ) is supported. Decoy ( 2 ) according to claim 6, characterized in that the spring ring ( 38 ) by means of a piston-cylinder arrangement of the mass body ( 12 ) is removable. Decoy ( 2 ) according to claim 7, characterized in that the piston ( 46 ) of the piston-cylinder arrangement, a throttle bore ( 60 ) having an overflow connection from a first ( 48 ) to a second cylinder chamber ( 50 ) forms the piston-cylinder assembly. Decoy ( 2 ) according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that a lever mechanism the piston ( 46 ) determines the piston-cylinder assembly in a locking position positively. Exchange body ( 2 ) according to claim 9, characterized in that a lever ( 64 ) of the lever mechanism by means of a compression spring ( 66 ) is operable.

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