DE102009054566A1 - Heat insulation substance, useful e.g. in molded bodies, bricks, which does not exhibit adhesive, in the form of liquid, in which the particles are bonded together and are treated with non-volatile organosilane or organosiloxane - Google Patents

Abstract

Heat insulation substance, which does not exhibit adhesive, in the form of liquid, in which the particles are bonded together and the particles are treated with non-volatile organosilane or organosiloxane, whose boiling point is greater than 130[deg] C at normal pressure, where the thermal conductivity (lambda ) of the heat insulation substance is 0.014-0.040 W/mK and the density of the heat insulation substance is 50-300 kg/m 3>, is claimed.

Description

The The invention relates to a porous thermal insulation and molded articles thereof.

Thermal insulation to save energy has been given high priority in the context of awareness of sustainable development and increased energy prices. Thermal insulation is becoming increasingly important in view of rising energy prices, scarce resources, the search for a reduction in CO ₂ emissions, the need for sustained reduction of energy requirements, and future requirements for heat and cold protection. These increasing demands on an optimization of the thermal insulation, apply equally to buildings, z. For example, for new buildings or for buildings in stock, as well as for cold insulation in the mobile, logistics and in the stationary area.

building materials like steel, concrete, brickwork and glass, but also natural stones relatively good heat conductor, so that the built from it Exterior walls of buildings in cold weather very quickly the heat from the inside to the outside submit.

The Development is therefore on the one hand to improve the insulation properties by increasing the porosity of these building materials, such as As in concrete and brickwork, and on the other to the panel the exterior walls with thermal insulation materials.

The thermal insulation or insulating materials used primarily today are materials with low heat conduction. Common are:
Organic thermal insulation materials
Foamed plastics such as polystyrene, Neopor, polyurethane
Wood fiber material such as wood wool and cork
vegetable or animal fibers such. B. hemp, flax, wool
Inorganic thermal insulation materials
Mineral and glass wool, foam glass in plate form
Calcium silicate and gypsum boards
mineral foams such as aerated concrete, pumice, perlite and vermiculite

These listed conventional thermal insulation materials are used alone or with others, primarily in the form of foamed or pressed plates and shaped articles. So z. B. possible to foam the polyurethanes and polystyrenes directly into the cavities of the building blocks ( DE 8 504 737 / U1 ) or after DE 102 29 856 B4 to introduce as mass plates. To DE 102 17548 A1 This technology is also possible with mineral wool blanks. However, all these types of insulation show the following weaknesses in detail:
All of these substances have too low thermal insulation effectiveness for today's high demands. The thermal conductivities are consistently above 0.030 W / mK, therefore have a high space requirement and are not sustainably stable, among other things in the thermal insulation.

Other disadvantages are:
too high moisture absorption and sensitivity to water
Time-consuming and costly attachment to the facade (eg gluing, dowelling, screwing, attaching support systems, etc., where thermal bridges are partially preprogrammed)
additional composite layers z. B. the liability of plastering in organic insulation flammability is added very good insulating characterize so-called vacuum insulation panels, called VIP for short, from. With a thermal conductivity of about 0.004 to 0.008 W / mK (depending on the core material and negative pressure), the vacuum insulation panels have an 8 to 25 times better thermal insulation effect than conventional thermal insulation systems. They therefore enable slim constructions with optimum thermal insulation, which can be used in the construction sector as well as in the household appliance, refrigeration and logistics sectors.

Vacuum insulation panels based on porous thermal insulation materials, polyurethane foam boards and pressed fibers as a core material with composite films (eg aluminum composite films or so-called metallized) are well known and well described (see VIP-Bau.de )

However, this VIP technology has the following serious disadvantages:
If these evacuated panels are ventilated by damage, this means the end of the very good thermal insulation. The insulating effect then only corresponds to that of the core materials used

The life is limited by the diffusion of gases through the barrier or shell in the vacuum panels, limited in time. In small units, the formation of thermal bridges, the good insulation properties largely repealed. For the construction sector, the following disadvantages apply:
Due to the necessary, almost gas-impermeable barriers, the panels are not breathable.

handling and on-site workability, especially on construction sites, is difficult or not possible.

by virtue of the structure of the films is a diffusion of ambient gases (mainly Nitrogen, oxygen, CO2 and water vapor) always given. A longer life is thus not given and rather at last.

lower Thermal conductivities have porous thermal insulation materials z. B. based on fumed silica (0.018-0.024 W / mK).

fumed Silicas are volatile by flame hydrolysis Silicon compounds such. As organic and inorganic chlorosilanes produced. These fumed silicas prepared in this way have a high porous structure and are hydrophilic.

The disadvantages of these porous heat insulation materials based on pyrogenic silicas are therefore:
High moisture absorption, thus increasing thermal conductivity and thus decreasing the thermal insulation properties.

in the This can additionally lead to mold growth in the construction sector When used in vacuum panels may be due to the moisture absorption an energy transport take place via water molecules, which negatively affects the thermal conductivity of the system can influence.

Of the Invention is the object of the problems of the prior art the technique to solve, in particular the thermal insulation properties of insulating materials based on porous Substantially improve insulating materials, sustainable on high To keep level and by compaction or compression in application technology to bring practicable forms.

The The object is solved by the features of claim 1.

object The invention are thermal insulation materials according to claim 1.

advantageous Further developments emerge from the dependent claims.

Of the Invention is based on the idea that porous thermal insulation materials essentially of highly dispersed, nanoscale silicas, preferably pyrogenic silicas, infrared opacifiers and Fibers exist.

The thermal insulation materials according to the invention do not contain binders in the form of liquids, stick the particles together.

It but it has now been found that by the addition of low volatility Organosilanes or low volatility organosiloxanes during the mixing process for the production of porous thermal insulation materials, the above goals are achieved.

These Mixture is deformable and compressible immediately after the addition. The addition of low volatility organosilanes or low volatility Organosiloxanes happens in liquid or gaseous state. Important is an intensive, homogeneous mixing of the components, so that the reaction (hydrophobing) from "inside out" ensures is. In principle, it is possible, the low-volatility Organosilanes or low volatility organosiloxanes also the individual components such as silicic acids, infrared opacifiers and substitutes.

The reaction of the low-volatile organosilanes or low-volatility organosiloxanes with the silanol groups of the silica preferably takes place during the pressing process or immediately thereafter. The reaction can, depending on requirements, by heat or heat removal (cooling) and by so-called. Accelerator, which are polar substances such as water, alcohols or hydrogen chloride, optionally accelerated or delayed under slight overpressure, so controlled. Excess shares or fission products the hydrophobing process are then baked at temperatures of preferably 70 ° C to 130 ° C.

In Another preferred embodiment, the thermal insulation materials with the low volatility organosilanes or low volatility Organosiloxanes physically impregnated, d. H. the semi-volatiles Adsorb organosilanes or low volatility organosiloxanes on the powdered individual components of the thermal insulation mixture without subsequent chemical reaction during or after the pressing process.

The resulting plates or molded parts are material-consistent permanently hydrophobic.

These heat insulating materials according to the invention are characterized by a low, constant thermal conductivity λ in a range of preferably 0.014-0.045 W / mK, preferably 0.015-0.040 W / mK, particularly preferably 0.018-0.035 W / mK and their density in the range of preferably 20 up to 500 kg / m ^3, preferably 20 to 250 kg / m ³ , particularly preferably 20 to 200 kg / m ³ .

A preferred embodiment of the invention is the following composition: fumed silica or Silica aerogels preferably 5-98% by weight, preferably 10-80% by weight, particularly preferably 20-70% by weight, Opacifier preferably 3-50 wt .-%, preferably 5-45% by weight, more preferably 5-40% by weight, finely divided inorganic further additives, preferably 0-65 Wt .-% preferably 0-60 wt .-%, particularly preferably 0-50 Wt .-%.

Further are the thermal insulation materials according to the invention through a continuous high hydrophobicity. Ie. they are water repellent, wherein the moisture absorption preferably less than 20 wt .-%, preferably less than 10% by weight, more preferably less than 5% by weight and in a specific embodiment is less than 1% by weight.

The thermal insulation materials are preferably porous heat insulation materials, characterized in that the porosity ε of the thermal insulation material is in a range of preferably 77% to 99%, preferably in a range of 89% to 99% and particularly preferably in a range of 91%. to 99%, wherein the pore diameter between 20 nm and 500 nm, preferably between 20 nm and 200 nm and particularly preferably between 20 nm and 100 nm. The porosity ε is defined as ε = (1-ρ / ρ ₀ ) × 100%, where ρ is the bulk density of the thermal insulation material and ρ _{0 is} the true density. The pore diameter can be obtained by means of mercury porosimetry or from gas adsorption isotherms.

Further are the thermal insulation materials according to the invention characterized in that they are permeable to water vapor.

Further are the thermal insulation materials according to the invention characterized in that they have no flammability (fire class A) exhibit.

Further are the thermal insulation materials according to the invention characterized in that they are preferably chemically neutral and are structurally harmless.

The used according to the invention Organosilanes or low volatility organosiloxanes have compared to conventional water repellents such as stearates, siliconates, waxes and fats, etc., the ultimate Advantage that they easily digestible as Arosol are, for. B. by means of commercially available 1-fluid nozzles, or 2-fluid nozzles, or 3-fluid nozzles, or atomizers, and therefore optimal distribution on the silica surface and a chemical reaction with the silanol groups of the silicic acid present received. Thus, the hydrophilic silanol groups become organophilic hydrophobic groups complete, lasting and consistent replaced. The vapor pressures of the low volatility used Organosilanes or low volatility organosiloxanes are above 250 mbar at 20 degrees Celsius, preferably above 500 mbar at 20 degrees Celsius, more preferably above 1000 mbar at 20 degrees Celsius.

The Boiling points of the low-volatility organosilanes used or organosiloxanes are preferably greater than 130 ° C at atmospheric pressure, preferably greater than 200 ° C. at atmospheric pressure, more preferably greater than 500 ° C. at atmospheric pressure and most preferably the used low volatility organosilane or organosiloxanes at atmospheric pressure do not evaporate without decomposition.

The low volatility organosilanes or organosiloxanes are preferably used as finely divided eras sol added. This ensures optimum distribution of the low-volatility organosilanes or organosiloxanes on the porous thermal insulation mixture without destroying the silica structure.

The used according to the invention Organosilanes or low volatility organosiloxanes have towards volatile organosilanes or Organosiloxanes the advantage that they during the Do not desorb the manufacturing process of the thermal insulation material and escape via the exhaust into the environment.

According to the invention here on the use of binders, with the below (hollow building blocks) described negative properties are completely dispensed with.

The Core material according to the invention consists of porous Thermal insulation materials, which are preferred as the base material containing fumed silicas and silica airgel. In addition, preferably so-called. Opacifiers, fibers and / or other fillers.

fumed Silicas are volatile by flame hydrolysis Silicon compounds such. As organic and inorganic chlorosilanes produced. These fumed silicas are characterized by a high porous structure. Silica aerogels by special drying processes of aqueous silica gels produced and have a very high pore structure and are therefore highly effective insulating materials.

Further Components of these thermal insulation materials are compounds, adsorb the heat rays in the infrared range, scatter and can reflect. They are commonly referred to as infrared opacifiers designated. Preferably, these opacifiers in the Infrared spectral range a maximum between preferably 1.5 and 10 m up. The particle size of these particles is preferably between 0.5-15 microns. Examples of such Substances are preferably titanium oxides, zirconium oxides, ilmenites, Iron titanates, iron oxides, zirconium silicates, silicon carbide, manganese oxides and soot.

The thermal insulation materials according to the invention preferably have the following additives: precipitated silicas, fumed silicas, SiO ₂ -containing flue dusts from the electrochemical silicon production and the thermal residue utilization of volatile silicon compounds and naturally occurring SiO ₂ -containing compounds, thermally inflated minerals.

to Reinforcement or reinforcement, ie for mechanical reinforcement, fibers are used with. These fibers can be inorganic or of organic origin.

Examples for inorganic fibers are preferably glass wool, rock wool, Basalt fibers, slag wool and ceramic fibers resulting from melting of aluminum and / or silicon dioxide, as well as other inorganic Metal oxides exist. Pure silica fibers are z. B. silica fibers.

organic Fibers are preferably z. As cellulose fibers, textile fibers or Plastic fibers.

The following dimensions are used:
Diameter preferably 1-12 μm, preferably 6-9 μm; Length preferably 1-25 mm, preferably 3-10 mm.

Out technical and economic reasons the mixture inorganic filler materials are added.

Various synthetically prepared modifications of silicon dioxide, such as, for example, are used. Example, precipitated silicas, arc silicas, SiO ₂ -containing flue dusts caused by oxidation of volatile silicon monoxide, in the electrochemical production of silicon or ferrosilicon. Likewise, silicas which are obtained by leaching of silicates such as calcium silicate, magnesium silicate and mixed silicates such. B. olivine (magnesium iron silicate) can be prepared with acids. Furthermore, naturally occurring SiO ₂ -containing compounds such as diatomaceous earths and diatomaceous earths are used. Also can be used: thermally inflated minerals such as preferably perlite and vermiculite. Depending on requirements, preferably finely divided metal oxides such as preferably aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, iron oxide may be added.

The core material not only has to repel water, but also prevent the accumulation and absorption of moisture. The cause of this moisture absorption, silas placed on the silica nolgruppen, where the water accumulates. It is known ( DE3037409 A1 ), Core materials consisting of foamed perlites, preferably with alkali and / or alkaline earth metal stearates, siliconates, waxes and fats make water repellent. With these substances, especially a surface occupancy, which is common under the name "coating" takes place. Although the core materials thus treated are repugnant to liquid water, they absorb water vapor, in the form of atmospheric moisture, and thus lead to a deterioration of the insulating properties. From the DE 4221716 A1 For example, it is known to react fumed silicas with organosilanes and thus make them hydrophobic, ie water-repellent.

such However, hydrophobic silicic acids can not be sufficient compact and are not compressible, as a gearing of the silica particles the silanol groups by saturation with organic Groups is no longer given. Also is a compression of a not possible with hydrophobic silica. But a compression is for solidification and thus for anchoring in the cavities of the hollow building blocks indispensable.

A chemical aftertreatment of the insulating material with organosilanes after compression in the cavities is very complex, because a penetration of the core material only very slowly with high Pressure (autoclave) can be done. Also, this is Process the structure of the nuclear material partially destroyed.

As low-volatility organosilanes are preferably organosilanes of the general formula R ¹ _n R ² _m SiX _{4- (n + m)} (I) used
where n and m can be 0, 1, 2, or 3 and the sum n + m is less than or equal to 3, and
R ^{1 is} a saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated, monovalent, optionally with -CN, -NCO, -NR ³ , -COOH, -COOR ³ , -halogen, -acryl, -epoxy, -SH, -OH or -CONR ³ _second substituted Si-C bonded C ₁ -C ₂₀ -hydrocarbon radical, preferably a C ₁ -C ₁₈ -hydrocarbon radical, or an aryl radical, or C ₁ -C ₁₅ -hydrocarbonoxy radical, preferably a C ₁ -C ₈ -hydrocarbonoxy radical, particularly preferably a C ₁ -C ₄ -hydrocarbonoxy radical in which in each case one or more, non-adjacent methylene units are represented by groups -O-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, or -OCO-, -S- , or -NR ³ - may be replaced and in which one or more non-adjacent methine units may be replaced by groups, -N =, -N = N-, or -P =, where
R ^{2 is} hydrogen or a saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated, monovalent, optionally with -CN, -NCO, -NR ³ ₂ , -COOH, -COOR ³ , -halogen, -acryl, -epoxy, -SH, -OH or - CONR ³ 2 substituted Si-C bonded C ₁ -C ₂₀ hydrocarbon radical, preferably a C ₁ -C ₁₈ hydrocarbon radical, or an aryl radical, or C ₁ -C ₁₅ hydrocarbonoxy radical, preferably a C ₁ -C ₈ hydrocarbonoxy Radical, particularly preferably a C ₁ -C ₄ -hydrocarbonoxy radical, in which in each case one or more, not adjacent, methylene units are represented by groups -O-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, or -OCO-, -S-, or -NR ³ - may be replaced and in which one or more mutually non-adjacent methine units may be replaced by groups, -N =, -N = N-, or -P =, is where
R ^{3 has} the same meaning as R ² , and R ² and R ³ , the same or different,
X is a CO-bonded C ₁ -C ₁₅ -hydrocarbon radical, preferably a C ₁ -C ₈ -hydrocarbon radical, particularly preferably a C ₁ -C ₃ -hydrocarbon radical, or an acetyl radical, or a halogen radical, preferably chlorine, or an OH radical means
or R ¹ _i R ² _j Si-Y-SiR ¹ _i R ² _j (II) in which
R ¹ and R ^{2 have} the abovementioned meaning, i and j can be 0, 1, 2 or 3 and the sum of i + j is 3 and
Y may be the group NH or -O-,
with the proviso that the boiling points of the low volatility organosilanes used are greater than 130 ° C at atmospheric pressure, preferably greater than 200 ° C at atmospheric pressure, more preferably greater than 500 ° C at atmospheric pressure or most preferably, the low-volatile organosilane used can not evaporate undecomposed at atmospheric pressure ,

As low-volatility organosiloxanes are preferably organosiloxanes consisting of building blocks of the general formulas (R ¹ _a X _b SiO _1/2 ) (III-a) (R ¹ ₂ SiO _2/2 ) (III-b) (R ¹ SiO _3/2 ) (III-c) (R ¹ R ² SiO _2/2 ) (III-d) (SiO _4/2 ) (III-e) wherein the blocks may be contained in any mixtures, used, with the proviso that the boiling points of the low-volatility organosiloxanes used are greater than 130 ° C at atmospheric pressure, preferably greater than 200 ° C at atmospheric pressure, more preferably greater than 500 ° C at atmospheric pressure or very particularly Preferably, the low-volatility organosiloxanes used can not be vaporized without decomposition at atmospheric pressure,
in which
R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and X have the abovementioned meaning and may each be identical or different, and
and a and b may be 0, 1, 2, or 3, with the proviso that the sum a + b is equal to 3.

Preferably, chain-like organopolysiloxanes are used, consisting preferably of 2 building blocks of general formula III-a and preferably 1 to 100,000 building blocks of general formula III-b, preferably 1 to 50,000 building blocks of general formula III-b, particularly preferably 1 to 10,000 building blocks of the general Formula III-b, and particularly preferably 1 to 5000 building blocks of the general formula III-b, R ¹ preferably methyl and X preferably -OCH ₃ or -OH.

The kinematic viscosity of the chain-shaped organosiloxanes measured at 25 ° C. is preferably 1 mm ² / s to 100000 mm ² / s, preferably 2 mm ² / s to 50 000 mm ² / s and particularly preferably 5 mm ² / s to 10000 mm ² / s.

Preferably, chain-like organofunctional organopolysiloxanes are used, consisting preferably of 2 building blocks of general formula III-a and preferably 1 to 100,000 building blocks of general formula III-b and preferably 1 to 500 building blocks of general formula III-d, preferably 1 to 50,000 building blocks of the general Formula III-b and preferably 1 to 250 building blocks of the general formula III-d, more preferably 1 to 10,000 building blocks of the general formula III-b and preferably 1 to 200 building blocks of the general formula III-d, and most preferably 1 to 5000 building blocks of the general formula III-b and 1 to 100 building blocks of the general formula III-d, where R 1 is preferably methyl and R _{2 is} preferably -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -NH ₂ or -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -NH- CH _{2 is} -CH ₂ -NH ₂ .

Preferably are crosslinked or partially crosslinked organopolysiloxanes, so-called Silicone resins used, which are preferably those the building blocks of the general formula III-a and building blocks of the general Formula III-e, more preferably with R1 is methyl, a is 3 and b is 0, or those which are preferably building blocks of the general formula III-c and building blocks of the general formula III-b contain, more preferably with R1 is methyl.

The low-volatility organosilanes or organosiloxanes pure or used in any mixtures.

The Additional amounts of low volatility silanes or low volatility Organosiloxanes depend on the specific surface area (BET surface area) of silicas, their proportion on the mixture, as well as the type of silanes. The addition amount is preferably between 0.5-20% by weight, preferably between 1 and 10 wt .-% percent. The addition of silanes takes place during the mixture preparation preferably in liquid Form, it is necessary that an intimate mixing of individual components takes place.

The Production of porous thermal insulation materials can generally take place in various mixing units. Prefers However, planetary mixers are used. It is advantageous the fibers first with a portion of the second mixing components as to mix in some sort of masterbatch to get a complete masterbatch Unlock the fibers to ensure. To the fiber pulping is followed by the addition of most of it of the mixed components. Last happens in the mixing sequence the addition of low volatility silanes or low volatility Organosiloxanes.

After completion of the mixing process, the bulk density of the mixture, depending on the type and amount of the components between preferably 40-180 g / l, preferably 40-90 g / l, amount. The flowability of the resulting porous mixture is very good, so that it easily and homogeneously pressed into plates, including, for. B. can be filled in the cavities of hollow bricks and pressed. When pressed into slabs, it is possible to significantly influence the thermal conductivity of the insulating material by fixing it to specific slab thicknesses, the weight, the density and, as a result, the thermal conductivity of the insulating material. The lower the density of the plates, the lower the thermal conductivity, and the better the thermal insulation properties. Realistic densities are in the range of preferably 80-300 kg / m ³ , preferably 100-200 kg / m ³ .

The porous, hydrophobic thermal insulation materials produced in the manner described are used according to the invention:
as insulation in building bricks
as core insulation in multi-layered building blocks
as core insulation for vacuum insulation panels (VIP)
as core insulation for thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS)
as insulation in double-shell masonry

One Another object of the invention are moldings, building blocks, Building systems and composite construction systems, the inventive Have heat insulating materials, these moldings, Building blocks, building systems and building composite systems made of thermal insulation materials partially or completely.

One Use of the hydrophobic, porous described in the invention above Heat insulation materials according to the invention in Bauhohlsteinen instead.

hollow blocks are components that have one or more cavities. They can be made of inorganic, ceramic materials, such as fired clay (bricks), concrete, glass, gypsum and natural products like natural stone, z. B. sand-lime brick exist. Preferably come Hollow bricks made of brick, concrete and lightweight concrete for use.

embodiments are wall blocks, floor slabs, ceiling elements and stem elements.

It is known that the cavities of these components can be filled with porous hollow-structured insulating materials such as polystyrene foam or perlite foam ( DE 3037409 A1 and DE-OS 2825508 ). These components are referred to as hollow blocks with integrated thermal insulation.

hollow blocks with integrated thermal insulation, have the advantage that the brick house character is preserved in the construction remains.

The Use of these hollow blocks with integrated thermal insulation should in masonry a particularly high thermal insulation and a favorable water vapor permeability as well ensure hardly any water absorption, also should the heat storage be favored.

The Insulation materials in these hollow blocks with integrated Thermal insulation can be both organic be of inorganic origin.

At Organic materials are foamed as insulating material Polystyrene particles preferably used. Here are the foamed Plastic particles on the surface, with the release of gas permeable spaces, interconnected and anchored.

The Production takes place by filling the cavities with a bed of styrene granules and subsequent Foaming with hot gases, mainly water vapor. Such Isolierbausteine are characterized by an improved Thermal insulation ability. Of disadvantage is the combustibility of the organic components of these components. Similarly, the thermal insulation capability strongly absorbed by the absorption of water / moisture over time.

When Inorganic materials for hollow building blocks with integrated Thermal insulation, preferably come foamed Perlite and vermiculite are used. Foamed are preferred Perlite used with binders such as aqueous Dispersions based on vinyl acetate and acrylic vinyl acetate copolymers tied and solidified. These fillings have with the necessary binding agents a high proportion of combustible Components on, too, is the resulting thermal insulation not optimal.

A Bonding and solidification of perlite can also be done with alkali water glasses as a binder. This process leads to core materials, which are strongly alkaline, attractive to water and to efflorescence to lead. In addition, the already inadequate from the outset Thermal insulation properties even further reduced become. The use of silica sol as a binder leads to a badly consolidated insulation material with high water absorption and poor heat insulating properties.

By the use according to the invention described hydrophobic porous thermal insulation materials in Hollow blocks, the thermal insulation properties These stones significantly improved and sustainable at a high level held.

According to the invention to measure the appropriate thermal insulation materials Pressed plates and integrated into the chambers of the building bricks but it can also be those with low volatility silanes or in volatile organic siloxanes filled the chambers of the blocks and using pressing aids be pressed directly into the chambers. Alternatively you can dimensionally accurate plates from previously produced large plates cut out and integrated into the building blocks.

Also possible is a fixation of the plates in the cavities by means of preferably PUR foam or other adhesive foams, or adhesive.

Similarly can a wrap with nonwoven materials to z. Legs mechanical influences and thus dusting out of the thermal insulation be prevented.

Around here the effectiveness of achievable thermal insulation to use optimally in relation to economy, are inventively effective combinations between highly efficient hydrophobic porous thermal insulation with conventional thermal insulation systems possible with lower thermal insulation effects. Likewise, depending on the application and insulation capacity, single or multiple hollow chambers without thermal insulation materials be provided.

Examples:

in the The following are an example of the invention separate core material (A) for hollow building blocks and a comparative example conventional core material (B) reproduced.

The Mixtures were carried out in a cyclone mixer at 3000 rpm.

To measure the thermal conductivity (λ value), a molded article having the dimensions 250 × 250 × 25 mm was pressed from the mix on a hydraulic press at a pressure of about 50 kg / cm ² .

Mixture A:

recipe:

• Pyrogenic silica (BET surface area 200 m ² / g, available under the name ^HDK® N20 from Wacker Chemie AG) 80% by weight
• Glass fiber (length 6 mm, thickness 7 μm) 3% by weight
• Rutile (particle size approx. 10 μm) 15% by weight
• Aminopolydimethylsiloxane (amine number 3, kin viscosity at 25 ° C 30 mm ² / s)%) 2 wt .-%
• Weight of the total mixture): 1025 g

30 g fibers, 75 g of rutile and 200 g of silica were initially 3 min, premixed to disintegrate the fibers. Subsequently the remainder of the solid components (625 g of silica, 75 g rutile) was added and mixed for a further 2 min. In this mixture then 20 g of aminopolydimethylsiloxane were added and another Minute stirred.

Of the 312 g were removed from the finished mixture and turned into a solid the outer mass 250 × 250 × 25 mm pressed. This shaped body was subsequently added for 60 minutes Heated to 150 ° C.

Mixture B:

recipe:

• Foamed perlite 68% by weight
• Potassium water glass 32% by weight
• Weight of the total mixture: 1000 g

The Components were mixed for 5 minutes in the same mixing unit as (A) mixed. 344 g of the mixture became a shaped article pressed with the same external mass as (A) and then Heated to 150 ° C for 20 minutes.

Mixture C:

recipe:

• Pyrogenic silica (BET surface area 300 m ² / g, available under the name ^HDK® T30 from Wacker Chemie AG) 84.5% by weight
• Cell wool 3% by weight
• Carbon black (Evonik, Flammruß 101) 10% by weight
• OH-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (viscosity 30 mm2 / s) 3% by weight
• Weight of the total mixture: 1030 g

30 g fibers, 100 g of soot and 200 g of silica were initially 3 min, premixed to disintegrate the fibers. Subsequently was the remainder of the solid components (670 g of silica) added and mixed for a further 2 min. In this mixture were then Added 30 g of OH-terminated polydimethylsiloxane and another Minute stirred.

• Bestimmung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit: Poensgen-Plattenapparatur im Zweiplattenverfahren nach DIN EN 12667 in waagerechter Lage.
• Bestimmung der Hydrophobie: Auftragung eine Wassertropfens auf eine Platte. Sinkt der Tropfen im Zeitraum von 1 h ein: Hydrophobie nein, sinkt der Tropfen im Zeitraum von 1 h nicht ein: Hydrophobie ja.

The finished mixture 187.5 g were removed and pressed into a solid body of the external mass 250 × 250 × 25 mm. This shaped article was then heated for 60 minutes at 125.degree. Results: mixture Mass (mm) Weight (g) Bulk density g / l λ value mW / mK hydrophobia A 250 × 250 × 25 312.0 200 18 Yes B 250 × 250 × 25 344.0 220 24 No C 250 × 250 × 25 187.5 120 22 Yes

• Determination of thermal conductivity: Poensgen plate apparatus in the two-plate method according to DIN EN 12667 in a horizontal position.
• Determination of hydrophobicity: application of a drop of water to a plate. If the drop sinks in the period of 1 h: hydrophobicity no, the drop does not drop in the period of 1 h: hydrophobicity yes.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 8504737 U1 [0006]
• - DE 10229856 B4 [0006]
• - DE 10217548 A1 [0006]
• - DE 3037409 A1 [0050, 0068]
• - DE 4221716 A1 [0050]
• - DE 2825508 [0068]

Cited non-patent literature

• - VIP-Bau.de [0008]
• - DIN EN 12667 [0088]

Claims (7)

Heat insulating materials, which have no binders, in the form of liquids, the particles stick together and with low volatility organosilanes or organosiloxanes whose boiling points is greater than 130 ° C at atmospheric pressure, treated, wherein the λ-thermal conductivity between 0.014 and 0.040 W / mK and the Density is in the range of 50 to 300 kg / m ³ . Heat insulating materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal insulation materials have the following composition: fumed silica or Silica aerogels 5-98 wt%, opacifiers 3-50 Wt .-%, other additives 0-65 wt .-%. Heat insulating materials according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the low-volatility organosilanes used of the general formula R ¹ _n R ² _m SiX _{4- (n + m)} (I) where n and m can be 0, 1, 2, or 3 and the sum n + m is less than or equal to 3 and R ^{1 is} a saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated, monovalent, optionally with -CN, -NCO, -NR ¹ R ³ , -COOH, -COOR ² , -halo, -acrylic, -epoxy, -SH, -OH or -CONR ² ₂ substituted Si-C bonded C ₁ -C ₂₀ hydrocarbon radical, or an aryl radical, or C ₁ C ₁₅ -hydrocarbonoxy radical in which in each case one or more, non-adjacent methylene units are represented by -O-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -OCOO-, -S- or -NR ¹ - and in which one or more mutually non-adjacent methine units can be replaced by groups, -N =, -N = N-, or -P = and X = halogen, nitrogen radical, OR ³ , OCOR ³ , O (CH ₂ ) _l OR ³ , where R ^{2 is} hydrogen or a saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated, monovalent, optionally with -CN, -NCO, -NR ¹ ₂ , -COOH, -COOR ¹ , -halo, -acrylic, -epoxy , -SH, -OH or -C ONR ³ ₂ substituted Si-C bonded C ₁ -C ₂₀ -hydrocarbon radical, or an aryl radical, or C ₁ -C ₁₅ -hydrocarbonoxy radical, in which in each case one or more, non-adjacent methylene units are represented by groups -O-, -CO- , -COO-, -OCO-, or -OCOO-, -S-, or -NR ¹ - may be replaced and in which one or more mutually non-adjacent methine units are represented by groups, -N =, -N = N-, or -P = can be replaced and X = halogen, nitrogen radical, OR ³ , OCOR ³ , O (CH ₂ ) _l OR ³ , where R ^{3 has} the same meaning as R ² and R ² and R ^{3 are the} same or different X may be a CO-bound C ₁ -C ₁₅ hydrocarbon radical, or an acetyl radical, or a halogen radical or an OH radical, and l = 1, 2, 3, or R ¹ _i R ² _j Si-Y-SiR ¹ _i R ² _j (II) where R ¹ and R ² are as defined above, i and j can be 0, 1, 2 or 3 and the sum of i + j is 3 and Y can be NH or -O-, with In that the boiling points of the low-volatility organosilanes used are greater than 130 ° C at atmospheric pressure. Heat insulating materials according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the low-volatility organosiloxanes used from building blocks of the general formulas (R ¹ _a X _b SiO _1/2 ) (III-a) (R ¹ ₂ SiO _2/2 ) (III-b) (R ¹ SiO _3/2 ) (III-c) (R ¹ R ² SiO _2/2 ) (III-d) (SiO _4/2 ) (III-e) exist, wherein the blocks may be contained in any mixtures, with the proviso that the boiling points of the low-volatility organosiloxanes used are greater than 130 ° C at atmospheric pressure, wherein R ¹ , R ² and R ³ and X have the abovementioned meaning and the same or may be different, and and a and b may be 0, 1, 2, or 3, with the proviso that the sum a + b is equal to 3. Thermal insulation materials after one or several of the preceding claims, characterized the following infrared opacifiers are used: Titanium oxides, zirconium oxides, ilmenites, iron titanates, iron oxides, zirconium silicates, Silicon carbide, manganese oxides and carbon blacks. Heat insulating materials according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that they have the following additives: precipitated silicas, fumed silicas, SiO ₂ -containing flue dusts from the electrochemical silicon production and the thermal residue utilization of volatile silicon compounds and naturally occurring SiO ₂ -containing compounds, thermal bloated minerals. Shaped bodies, building blocks, building systems and building composite systems, characterized in that they are thermal insulation materials according to one or more of the preceding claims, consist partly or completely of them.