DE102009044027A1 - System and method for cooling using a system outlet - Google Patents
System and method for cooling using a system outlet Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102009044027A1 DE102009044027A1 DE102009044027A DE102009044027A DE102009044027A1 DE 102009044027 A1 DE102009044027 A1 DE 102009044027A1 DE 102009044027 A DE102009044027 A DE 102009044027A DE 102009044027 A DE102009044027 A DE 102009044027A DE 102009044027 A1 DE102009044027 A1 DE 102009044027A1
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- Prior art keywords
- cooling fluid
- fluid
- cooling
- streams
- components
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 45
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 30
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/34—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid with recycling of part of the working fluid, i.e. semi-closed cycles with combustion products in the closed part of the cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/18—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
- F02C7/14—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel
- F02C7/141—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
- F02C7/16—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium
- F02C7/18—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium the medium being gaseous, e.g. air
- F02C7/185—Cooling means for reducing the temperature of the cooling air or gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
- F05D2260/213—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling by the provision of a heat exchanger within the cooling circuit
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
- F05D2270/08—Purpose of the control system to produce clean exhaust gases
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Geschaffen ist ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Systems (10, 40), das mehrere Fluidströme (14) und mehrere Komponenten (16) aufweist, die eine Einrichtung (12) enthalten. Zu dem Verfahren gehören die Schritte: Trennen eines Kühlfluids (22) von einem Abgasstrom (18), der aus einer Einrichtung (12) ausgestoßen wird, und Übertragen von Wärme von mindestens einem der mehreren Fluidströme (14) und/oder von mindestens einer der mehreren Komponenten (16) auf das Kühlfluid (22). Geschaffen ist ein System (10), zu dem gehören: mehrere Fluidströme (14), mehrere Komponenten (16), die eine Einrichtung enthalten (12), die einen Auslass zum Ausstoßen eines Abgasstroms (18) aufweist, ein Separator (20) zum Trennen eines Kühlfluids (22) von dem Abgasstrom (18) und ein Wärmetauscher (32). Der Wärmetauscher (32) überträgt Wärme von mindestens einem der mehreren Fluidströme (14) und/oder von mindestens einer der mehreren Komponenten (16) auf das Kühlfluid (22).What is provided is a method of operating a system (10, 40) comprising a plurality of fluid streams (14) and a plurality of components (16) including means (12). The method includes the steps of: separating a cooling fluid (22) from an exhaust gas stream (18) expelled from a device (12) and transferring heat from at least one of the plurality of fluid streams (14) and / or at least one of a plurality of components (16) to the cooling fluid (22). What is provided is a system (10) including: a plurality of fluid streams (14), a plurality of components (16) including means (12) having an outlet for expelling an exhaust stream (18), a separator (20) for Separating a cooling fluid (22) from the exhaust stream (18) and a heat exchanger (32). The heat exchanger (32) transfers heat from at least one of the plurality of fluid streams (14) and / or from at least one of the plurality of components (16) to the cooling fluid (22).
Description
TECHNISCHES GEBIETTECHNICAL AREA
Diese Offenbarung betrifft allgemein Kühlsysteme, die einen Systemauslass aufweisen.These Disclosure generally relates to cooling systems, which have a system outlet.
HINTERGRUND ZU DER ERFINDUNGBACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION
In vielfältigen Anwendungen werden möglicherweise Beiprodukt- oder Abfallströme erzeugt, die für die primäre Aufgabe der Anwendungen nicht von Nutzen sind. Beispielsweise kann in einigen Anwendungen die Emission von Treibhausgasen, z. B. Kohlendioxid, ein wachsendes Problem sein. Vielfältige Techniken zur Verringerung und/oder Isolierung von Treibhausgasen wurden in dieser Hinsicht vorgeschlagen. Beispielsweise wurden in konzeptionellen Konstruktionen die Nutzung aufgefangenen Kohlendioxids für Lebensmittelanwendungen (z. B. als flüssiges Kohlendioxid oder ”Trockeneis”), die Extraktion einer natürlichen Ressource, und weitere Nutzungsmöglichkeiten vorgeschlagen.In diverse Applications may become By-product or waste streams generated for the primary Task of the applications are not useful. For example, can in some applications, the emission of greenhouse gases, e.g. B. carbon dioxide, be a growing problem. Various techniques for reduction and / or insulation of greenhouse gases were in this regard proposed. For example, in conceptual constructions the use of collected carbon dioxide for food applications (eg. B. as a liquid Carbon dioxide or "dry ice"), the Extraction of a natural Resource, and other uses proposed.
Dementsprechend besteht ein Bedarf nach verbesserten Verfahren zur Nutzung von Beiprodukt- und/oder Abfallströmen.Accordingly There is a need for improved methods of using by-products and / or Waste streams.
KURZDARSTELLUNG DER ERFINDUNGBRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Diese Offenbarung schafft ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Systems, das mehrere Fluidströme und mehrere Komponenten aufweist, die eine Einrichtung enthalten. Zu dem Verfahren geh ren die Schritte: Trennen eines Kühlfluids von einem Abgasstrom, der aus einer Einrichtung ausgestoßen wird, und Übertragen von Wärme von mindestens einem der mehreren Fluidströme und/oder von mindestens einer der mehreren Komponenten auf das Kühlfluid.These Disclosure provides a method of operating a system that several fluid streams and a plurality of components including a device. The method includes the steps of: separating a cooling fluid from an exhaust gas stream emitted from a device, and transferring of heat at least one of the plurality of fluid streams and / or at least one of the several components on the cooling fluid.
Diese Offenbarung schafft ferner ein System, zu dem gehören: mehrere Fluidströme, mehrere Komponenten, die eine Einrichtung enthalten, mehrere Komponenten, die eine Einrichtung enthalten, die einen Auslass zum Ausstoßen eines Abgasstroms aufweist, ein Separator zum Trennen eines Kühlfluids von dem Abgasstrom und ein Wärmetauscher. Der Wärmetauscher überträgt Wärme von mindestens einem der mehreren Fluidströme und/oder von mindestens einem der mehreren Komponenten auf das Kühlfluid.These Disclosure also provides a system that includes: multiple Fluid streams, multiple components that contain one device, multiple components, which contain a device that has an outlet for expelling a Exhaust gas stream, a separator for separating a cooling fluid from the exhaust stream and a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger transfers heat from at least one of the plurality of fluid streams and / or of at least one of the plurality of components to the cooling fluid.
Diese Offenbarung schafft ferner ein System, zu dem gehören: mehrere Fluidströme, mehrere Komponenten, die eine Einrichtung enthalten, mehrere Komponenten, die eine Einrichtung enthalten, die einen Auslass zum Ausstoßen eines Abgasstroms aufweisen, ein Separator zum Trennen eines Kühlfluids von dem Abgasstrom, und wenigstens ein Fluidstromeinlass. Der wenigstens eine Fluidstromeinlass dient dazu, das Kühlfluid mindestens einem der mehreren Fluidströme und/oder mindestens einer der mehreren Komponenten hinzuzufügen.These Disclosure also provides a system that includes: multiple Fluid streams, multiple components that contain one device, multiple components, which contain a device that has an outlet for expelling a Have exhaust stream, a separator for separating a cooling fluid from the exhaust stream, and at least one fluid flow inlet. The least a fluid flow inlet serves to at least one of the cooling fluid several fluid streams and / or at least one of the multiple components.
Weitere Aufgaben, Merkmale und Vorteile dieser Erfindung werden anhand der folgenden detaillierten Beschreibung, Zeichnungen und Ansprüche offenkundig.Further Objects, features and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the The following detailed description, drawings and claims will be apparent.
KURZBESCHREIBUNG DER ZEICHNUNGENBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
DETAILLIERTE BESCHREIBUNG VON AUSFÜHRUNGSBEISPIELENDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLES
Wie
im Vorausgehenden zusammengefasst beschrieben, umfasst diese Offenbarung
ein Verfahren und Systeme, die mehrere Fluidströme und mehrere Komponenten
aufweisen. Ausführungsbeispiele des
Verfahrens und Ausführungsbeispiele
der Systeme sind nachstehend beschrieben und in
In
abgewandelten Ausführungsbeispielen können sonstige
Fluidströme
Der
Abgasstrom
Die
Temperatur, der Druck und/oder die Phase des Kohlendioxids
In
abgewandelten Ausführungsbeispielen kann
die Temperatur und/oder der Druck des Kühlfluids
In
Wie
in
Das
Gasturbinensystem
Die vorliegende Offenbarung schafft ferner ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Systems, das mehrere Fluidströme und mehrere Komponenten aufweist, die eine Einrichtung enthalten. Zu dem Verfahren gehören die Schritte: Trennen eines Kühlfluids von einem Abgasstrom, der aus einer Einrichtung ausgestoßen wird, und Übertragen von Wärme von mindestens einem der mehreren Fluidströme und/oder von mindestens einer der mehreren Komponenten auf das Kühlfluid. Gemäß speziellen Ausführungsbeispielen können das System, Fluidströme, Komponenten, Einrichtungen, Kühlfluid und Abgasstrom den oben beschriebenen Systemen, Fluidströmen, Komponenten, Einrichtungen, Kühlfluids und Abgasströmen ähneln.The The present disclosure further provides a method of operation a system that has multiple fluid streams and multiple components comprising a device. The method includes the Steps: Separating a cooling fluid from an exhaust gas stream emitted from a device, and transferring of heat at least one of the plurality of fluid streams and / or at least one of the several components on the cooling fluid. According to special embodiments can the system, fluid flows, components, Facilities, cooling fluid and exhaust flow to the systems described above, fluid flows, components, Facilities, cooling fluids and exhaust flows are similar.
Gemäß einigen Ausführungsbeispielen kann das Verfahren ferner den Schritt der Isolierung wenigstens eines Teils des Kühlfluids von einer äußeren Umgebung des Systems beinhalten. Gemäß weiteren Ausführungsbeispielen kann das Verfahren ferner den Schritt beinhalten, das Kühlfluid zu speichern.According to some embodiments the method may further comprise the step of isolating at least a part of the cooling fluid from an external environment of the system. According to others embodiments For example, the method may further include the step of cooling fluid save.
Gemäß speziellen Ausführungsbeispielen kann das Verfahren ferner beinhalten, vor dem Schritt der Wärmeübertragung die Temperatur, den Druck und/oder die Phase des Kühlfluids zu ändern. In speziellen Ausführungsbeispielen umfasst der Schritt des Veränderns eine Senkung der Temperatur und/oder des Drucks des Kühlfluids. In noch weiteren Ausführungsbeispielen umfasst der Schritt der Wärmeübertragung, das Kühlfluid wenigstens einem der mehreren Fluidströme hinzuzufügen. In einigen Ausführungsbeispielen umfasst der Schritt der Wärmeübertragung, das Kühlfluid in einen Wärmetauscher zu leiten, der mit mindestens einem der mehreren Fluidströme und/oder mit mindestens einer der mehreren Komponenten in Wärmeaustauschverbindung steht.According to special Embodiments can the method further include, before the step of heat transfer the temperature, pressure and / or phase of the cooling fluid to change. In specific embodiments includes the step of changing a lowering of the temperature and / or the pressure of the cooling fluid. In still further embodiments comprises the step of heat transfer, the cooling fluid to add at least one of the plurality of fluid streams. In some embodiments comprises the step of heat transfer, the cooling fluid in a heat exchanger to be associated with at least one of the plurality of fluid streams and / or with at least one of the several components in heat exchange connection stands.
In speziellen Ausführungsbeispielen, bei denen die Einrichtung eine Gasturbine aufweist, und bei denen das Kühlfluid Kohlendioxid umfasst, beinhaltet das Verfahren außerdem den Schritt, die Temperatur des Kohlendioxids von einem ersten Temperaturwert auf einen zweiten Temperaturwert zu senken. Einem Fachmann sollte klar sein, dass die Temperatur des Kühlfluids in anderen Ausführungsbeispielen auf einen beliebigen Wert gesenkt werden kann, um in einem speziellem System als Kühlfluid genutzt zu werden.In special embodiments, in which the device comprises a gas turbine, and in which the cooling fluid Includes carbon dioxide, the method also includes the Step, the temperature of the carbon dioxide from a first temperature value to lower a second temperature value. A specialist should be clear be that the temperature of the cooling fluid in other embodiments can be lowered to any value, in a special way System as cooling fluid to be used.
Ohne auf die Theorie beschränkt zu sein, wird angenommen, dass Ausführungsbeispiele der Verfahren und Systeme der vorliegenden Offenbarung Fluidströme und Systemkomponenten, z. B. Gasturbinensysteme, kühlen, um deren Betrieb zu optimieren. In speziellen Ausführungsbeispielen, beispielsweise in Gasturbinensystemen, kann Kohlendioxid als ein Kühlfluid verwendet werden, bevor es gespeichert oder in sonstiger Weise abgeführt wird, um dadurch die Eigenschaften des Kohlendioxids vor dessen Speicherung wirkungsvoll einzusetzen, die Ressourcen des Systems zu maximieren und den Betrieb der Einrichtung zu verbessern, um Wirkungsgradverschlechterungen auszugleichen, die aufgrund der Kohlendioxidisolierung hingenommen wurden.Without limited to theory to be, it is believed that embodiments of the method and systems of the present disclosure include fluid streams and system components, z. B. gas turbine systems, cool, to optimize their operation. In specific embodiments, For example, in gas turbine systems, carbon dioxide can be used as a cooling fluid be used before it is stored or otherwise removed, thereby the properties of the carbon dioxide before its storage to use effectively to maximize the resources of the system and improve the operation of the device to reduce efficiency compensated because of the carbon dioxide isolation were.
Es sollte klar sein, dass sich das Vorausgehende lediglich auf die bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiele der vorliegenden Anmeldung bezieht, und dass durch den Fachmann im Vorliegenden zahlreiche Änderungen und Modifikationen vorgenommen werden können, ohne von dem allgemeinen Gegenstand und Schutzumfang der Erfindung abzuweichen, wie er durch die nachfolgenden Ansprüche und deren äquivalente Bedeutungen definiert ist.It It should be clear that the preliminary only applies to the preferred embodiments relates to the present application, and that by the person skilled in the art in the present numerous changes and modifications can be made without departing from the general The subject matter and scope of the invention deviate as he the following claims and their equivalents Meanings is defined.
Geschaffen
ist ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Systems
- 1010
- GasturbinensystemGas Turbine System
- 1212
- EinrichtungFacility
- 1414
- Fluidstromfluid flow
- 1616
- Komponentencomponents
- 1818
- Abgasstromexhaust gas flow
- 2020
- Separatorseparator
- 2222
- Kühlfluidcooling fluid
- 2424
- Wärmetauscherheat exchangers
- 2626
- Außenumgebungexternal environment
- 2828
- Vorratsbehälterreservoir
- 3030
- Verdichtercompressor
- 3232
- Wärmetauscherheat exchangers
- 3434
- FluidstromeinlassFluid flow inlet
- 3636
- Verdichtercompressor
- 3838
- Verdichtercompressor
- 4040
- GasturbinensystemGas Turbine System
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/233,979 | 2008-09-19 | ||
US12/233,979 US20100071878A1 (en) | 2008-09-19 | 2008-09-19 | System and method for cooling using system exhaust |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE102009044027A1 true DE102009044027A1 (en) | 2010-05-12 |
Family
ID=42029220
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE102009044027A Withdrawn DE102009044027A1 (en) | 2008-09-19 | 2009-09-16 | System and method for cooling using a system outlet |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100071878A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5514495B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101676537A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102009044027A1 (en) |
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US7462963B2 (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2008-12-09 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Motor cooling device and cooling method |
DE102005015151A1 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-26 | Alstom Technology Ltd. | Gas turbine system for power station, has control device to control volume flow and/or temperature of combustion exhaust gas, such that fresh gas-exhaust gas-mixture entering into compressor of turbo group has preset reference temperature |
CN100470114C (en) * | 2006-07-05 | 2009-03-18 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Carbon dioxide zero discharge thermodynamic cycle and procedure using liquefied natural gas cool |
US7942008B2 (en) * | 2006-10-09 | 2011-05-17 | General Electric Company | Method and system for reducing power plant emissions |
-
2008
- 2008-09-19 US US12/233,979 patent/US20100071878A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2009
- 2009-09-09 JP JP2009207669A patent/JP5514495B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-09-16 DE DE102009044027A patent/DE102009044027A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-09-18 CN CN200910178697A patent/CN101676537A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102012208263A1 (en) * | 2012-05-16 | 2013-11-21 | Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg | Compressor device for turbomachine of jet engine, has secondary compressor that is designed such that air withdrawn after last compressor stage is supplied to secondary compressor, which is driven by gearbox of auxiliary device carrier |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101676537A (en) | 2010-03-24 |
US20100071878A1 (en) | 2010-03-25 |
JP5514495B2 (en) | 2014-06-04 |
JP2010071280A (en) | 2010-04-02 |
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