DE102009032033B4 - Hybrid folding velomobile - Google Patents

Abstract

Hybrid folding velomobile (HFV), which has the axial beam (1), the bars (2) of the drive wheels (3), managing wheel (5) and the mechanism of the turn or steering, the drive wheels (3), the brake system , the muscle drive, electric motors (4) operating on battery of the accumulators (18), and the armchairs located next to each other to the right and left of the axial bar (1), characterized in that the common axis of the drive wheels (3) HFV is missing, and the armchairs are folding in the direction of the axial bar (1), the inner legs (19) of the armchairs being fixed to the axial bar (1) of the HVF, but the outer legs (19) of each armchair resting on the his beam (2) of the drive wheel (3) are fixed to this bar (2) the drive wheel (3) is fixed on its axis, and the electric motor (4) of the drive wheel (3) HFV, while the muscle drive moves the electric generators ( 17) which the battery of the accumulators (18) au Flat, which via the control circuit (38), the electric motors (4) nourishes, which turn the drive wheels (3).

Description

The application relates to a hybrid folding velomobile.

A velomobile, like the ecologically pure means of movement and the assumption of physical strain, is becoming more and more popular. There are a large number of types of velomobile depending on the destination, the number of seats and so on. Not infrequently, the velomobiles are equipped with electric motors and they are produced as standard, for example, Velomobile TWIKE.

Shortcomings of existing velomobiles are - a small running distance at movement on electric motors and the small average speed using a muscular drive. As a rule, the two-seat velomobiles do not fold and fill up a lot of space at the bus stop. At last, velomobiles have the high value of manufacture, which brings its value to the value of a mid-range car (as stated Velomobile TWIKE).

The DE 197 32 468 A1 relates to a single or multi-track muscle-electric hybrid vehicle in which a sensor for measuring power is provided in addition to an additional battery connected to a generator and at least one electric motor. Thus, a system-related power loss, such as an electromechanical transmission loss, due to a rolling friction of the wheels and due to a drag-related loss of power to be compensated by means of a power loss corresponding drive.

The DE 525 462 A relates to a collapsible multi-part axle for a collapsible business tricycle with collapsible box. In this case, a release of a third wheel is to be facilitated by the axis connecting the other two wheels by means of a releasable connection of a central hinge piece of the axle with a frame end of the third wheel.

The FR 2 819 478 A1 relates to a foldable and transformable vehicle, in particular a stroller or a carriage, with an approximately rectangular plate having at its one end a foldable telescopic steering shaft. Further, steerable and non-steerable wheels are provided on the vehicle, the non-steerable wheels being disposed at ends of foldable struts. The wheels are interchangeable with runners.

The US 2012/0318595 A1 relates to a modular recumbent with a variable configuration and size that is foldable for storage. There are provided quickly mountable standardized modules, such as a set of transverse tubes of different lengths, a child seat, a shopping basket, an additional pedal or electric drive.

The JP 2003-341 578 A relates to a portable hybrid bike that can be folded and rebuilt in just one to three minutes without tools to just about DIN (A) 4 size.

The DE 10 2008 038 255 A1 relates to an electric motor on the wheel of a means of transport with a ratchet wheel, which ensures the receipt of a force by means of a pulse control based on a ratchet pawl mechanism.

The DE 10 2009 003 932 A1 relates to an electric motor with a ratchet wheel having more than one electromagnet surrounding the ratchet wheel located in the middle. Each of the magnets has an armature and a pawl which is held in constant contact with the ratchet wheel by a spring to enhance a step-force coupling.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved hybrid folding velomobile.

This object is achieved by a hybrid folding velomobile according to the main claim.

In 1 - 6 The examples of the appearance and the individual components of the Hybrid Folding Velomobile (HFV) are shown.

1 - HFV, the side view;

2 - HFV, the rear view;

3 - Overall view of the electric motor on the wheel;

4 - scheme of the drive HFV and the structure of the generator HFV;

5 - Blocking of the drive HFV.

Constructively, the velomobile is organized as follows:
The basis of the velomobile is the axial beam 1 ( 1 . 2 ). Front of the axial beam 1 fasten the hinge 7 the fork 6 of the managing wheel 5 , as well as the headlight (the headlight is not shown conditionally). On top of the fork 6 is the lever of the diversion 11 located by the hard deflection bar 10 with the lever 8th the diversion of the managing wheel 5 connected is. The lower End of the lever 8th the deflection is on the axial bar 1 HFV fixed in such a way that its upper end can move forward and backward. On the upper end of the lever 8th the diversion is the control handle 9 attached. On these are the elements of management of electric motors 4 established. Also front of the axial bar 1 are the folding beams 24 rocking lever 13 with the pedals 14 established. Here it is possible to use usual levers with pedals from a bicycle as rocking levers 13 with the pedals 14 use.

On every folding beam 24 are two independent rocking levers 13 and in the whole are four rocking levers 13 - two for the driver and two for the passenger. At every rocking lever 13 is the flexible rope 15 attached, the via the pulley 16 to the electric generator 17 is directed. That's the velomobile with four electric generators 17 each of which is equipped with its rocking lever 13 moved. If necessary, the rocking levers can 13 higher up the axes of the rockers extend and be used as a hand drive. In the back part of the axial bar 1 is the battery of the accumulators 18 and the inner legs of both folding chairs are attached. The outer legs of the folding chairs are on the bars of the drive wheel 3 attached. So the folding chairs are the force elements, the axial beam 1 and the bars of the drive wheel 3 connect to the common construction.

The seats 20 and the backrest 21 The folding armchairs are made of a durable, flexible material (such as nylon) and do not hinder folding the armchairs together. The same material can coat between the beams and form a floor (up 1 . 2 conditionally not shown), protecting passengers against road dust, and also under the seats the place for storage of luggage appears while driving. On every bar 2 of the drive wheel 3 is the short axis of the drive wheel 3 and the electric motor 4 of the drive wheel, and the lights and taillights (conditionally not shown) are attached. Also, on the left bar 2 of the drive wheel 3 the lever of the brake 12 HFV attached. The hard part of the roof 22 is above the axial bars 1 HFV set up. If necessary, a small solar battery can be placed on it, and it is also support for the flexible shell 23 HFV. The front top, rear top and side tops of the shell are made transparent (for example, made of transparent fine polyethylene film), and the remaining part - made of colored waterproof flexible material (for example, nylon). The side panels of the flexible shell 23 can fold back for the landing and the exit of the passengers. Thereby HFV comfortably allows two people to drive.

Because the drive wheels 3 HFV are not connected by the general axis, press the beams when folding chair folding 2 along with the drive wheels 3 to the axial bar 1 , Then the dimensions of the HFV become close to the dimensions of an ordinary bicycle, which allows to store it and easily and to carry it with another means of transport. That's why the Velomobile title has the word "Falt".

How out 1 . 2 , as well as from the description follows, the drive HFV is only with the electric generators 17 connected to the battery 18 of accumulators, and already from it - via the control circuit - electric motors 4 drive wheels 3 work. It is similar to a linear hybrid scheme of a car: an internal combustion engine rotates the electric generator, which charges the battery, which feeds the electric motors of the drive wheels via the control circuit. Difference is that in HFV the electric generators 17 be moved by the human power. That's why Velomobil is also called "Hybrid".

If in such velomobile the known electric motors (including wheel hub motors) with power of hundreds of watts, more than a few kilowatts, are used, then use of the specified hybrid scheme makes no sense, because in short time one or two people can not a battery recharge the batteries for the long journey. Therefore after a short drive it is necessary to stop for recharge of a battery of accumulators from electric power supply or other source of electric power, irrespective of existence of electric generators on board of the velomobile.

In mentioned Velomobile TWIKE lacks an electric generator, but there is the electric motor with the power 5 kilowatts, and NiCd or Lilon batteries (with a voltage of 353 volts - which determines the large size and weight of the battery of the accumulators). It is enough, about 60 km with the maximum speed 85 Driving kilometers per hour (with human driving force possible to drive at a maximum speed of 20 kilometers per hour). Next, a stop for charging the battery of the batteries from the electrical network is required. For this reason, the producers do not recommend driving on the highway, although the speed of the TWIKE does not prevent it. For more long trips more spacious, heavy and expensive accumulators are required, although this does not remove the pauses for charging accumulators.

In order for the offered hybrid scheme to be useful, in the Velomobile are the economical electric motors with the big torque and to use the sufficient speed of rotation, for example, an "electric motor on the wheel" or hub motor.

The electric motor on the bike has the following features:
The electric motor feeds on the source of the pulse voltage.

A basis of the electric motor ( 3 ) is the plate 25 with a round opening in the center. The plate 25 is on the body of the means of transport (in the case of HFV - on the beam 2 of the drive wheel 3 ) attached. In the central round opening of the plate 25 is the gear 28 located directly on the wheel (in the case of HFV - on the drive wheel 3 ). The most convenient way is to attach the gearwheel to the brake disc of the wheel while retaining the functions of the brake disc. Along the circumference of the plate 25 are electromagnets 26 (in the given example - four electromagnets) located. Every electromagnet 26 has a flat drive, which in the body of the plate 25 is located and with the latch 27 the gear 28 pushes. Features of electromagnets are strong reduction of thrust at increase in distance between the electromagnet and an armature, and also rather small speed of electromagnets. Therefore, the armature travel is 2 mm, and the maximum frequency of the armature release is limited to 100 Hz. The drive of the latch 27 increases a run with 2 to 7 mm, as the step of teeth of a gear wheel 28 , At the diameter of the gear 28 in 60 mm and the specified step, on a bicycle will be placed: 60 × 3.14: 7 = 27 teeth.

In order that the wheel makes one revolution per second, it is necessary to submit to electromagnets pulses of frequency of 27 hertz. For the wheel with the diameter 26 inches it corresponds to the distance per second: 26 × 2.54 × 3.14 ≈ 207.37 cm ≈ 2.074 m

At increase in frequency of impulses of one food in three times, the maximum frequency will not exceed 100 hertz, and the distance per second will become: 2.074 × 3 = 6.222 m

And the distance after an hour of movement will be: 6.222 × 3600 = 22399.2 m ≈ 22.4 km

Thus, at giving of impulses of food to all solenoids at the same time, and at a frequency to 100 hertz sufficient speed of movement can receive such means of transport as wheelchairs with electric drive, electric bicycles, etc. Determining the torque of the electric motor is the thrust of all four electromagnets. Consumed energy will be also maximum, but only tens of watts (in view of pulse nature of a diet, power consumption will become even less). If electromagnets successively translate in an inclusion mode, energy consumption will decrease in four times - according to number of electromagnets, and the speed of rotation of a wheel will increase in four times and will make: 22.4 × 4 = 89.6 km / h.

The frequency of the armature movement of each of the electromagnets is still less than 100 hertz. Well known - at the power of the engine in hundreds of kilowatts of Mercedes car the speed reaches 200 km / h, but to support such speed - and a few kilowatts enough.

Therefore, the electric motor on the wheel is energetically advantageous:
At start, initial start and at ascent it is possible to apply a mode of simultaneous activation of all electromagnets, and at sufficiently high speed - to pass a mode of consistent switching of electromagnets at the same time consumption of electric power becomes minimal.

As electromagnets in an electric motor on a wheel it is possible to use industrially produced products. As an example possible to consider electromagnets - Art. 2150130. These electromagnets have the following characteristics:
D = 80 mm, H = 36 mm, weight = 1.2 kg, rated power = 15 W, U = 24 V, holding force = 2400 N.

In order to define a torque of the electric motor at a wheel with such electromagnets and with a gear wheel with a diameter of 60 mm, it is necessary to have a coefficient which considers diameter of a gear wheel and loss at transformation of an armature run in a dog's run in this case: (1 m: 0.06 m) × (7 mm: 2 mm) ≈ 58.

Then the torque of the drive wheel 3 at simultaneous activation of electromagnets of the specified type:
(2400 N × 4) × 1 m: 58 ≈ 165.5 N · m - the power consumption is less than 60 watts,

For two wheels, the torque and the required power are doubled:
331 N · m - less than 120 watts when consuming power.

However, as it has been noticed earlier, the mode of simultaneous activation of all electromagnets is temporary, and a long operating mode is consequent switching on of electromagnets. Here, the average power consumption falls in four times, which makes the creation of the HFV appropriate.

In the HFV are the rocking levers 13 with the pedals 14 used. This allows to remove so-called "dead spots", to simplify the construction and to allow to work independently with each pedal. The lever 13 with the pedal 14 thrusts forward from the driver's leg, and returns under the influence of the recurring spring 35 back. The power of the recurring spring 35 you can regulate if some fixings 36 at different distances along the axial bar 1 HFV are to be used. It is possible to use also the recurring springs 35 different forces (for athletes, ordinary people, children, etc.). Thus, the present drive is a peculiar trainer for the muscles of the legs (or hands - if the extension of the lever 13 to use, as it was earlier noticed).

The electric generator 17 has skeleton in the form of the tube of electro-insulating material on which the wrap 32 is designed. Inside the skeleton 31 go the flexible rope 15 on which the rifles 33 made of non-magnetic material. On the cans 33 with the same named poles outside are the mighty permanent magnets 34 attached (for example, neodymium magnets). Along the axis of the cans 33 are the through holes for the reduction of air resistance when moving inside the frame 31 made.

When pressing on the lever 13 with the leg, the rope moves 15 with the cans 33 to the left, and when the lever is released 13 the rope moves 15 with the cans 33 under the effect of the recurring spring 35 to the right. The magnetic field lines of the permanent magnets cross 34 the turns of the winding 32 and EMK different sign (because of change in the direction of movement of the magnets 34 ) appears. Since charging the battery of the accumulators requires the rectifying voltage, the electric generators are 17 ( 5 ) with the bridge rectifiers 37 Connected, their outputs on plugs of the battery of accumulators 18 are united and connected, and with the control circuit 38 the electric motors 4 are connected. Both electric motors will turn absolutely synchronously and have no need for synchronization. The arrow in 5 conditionally shows the external influence on the control circuit 38 the electric motors 4 , There is the control circuit 38 the electric motors 4 nourishing effort in the form of impulses of a current with continuous pulse duration which does not depend on pulse frequency. Pulse frequency and modes of operation of electromagnets is established by the driver thus regulating the speed of movement of HFV and the torque on its wheels.

The similar drive can also be used for electric bicycles, electric mopeds, etc.

If as the example use in HFV the batteries 18 To consider the accumulators with 20,0 Ah (at the voltage U = 24 V), so 2 passengers can fully charge them for about 2 hours (if the battery is partially charged before the trip, then charging during the trip, of course, requires shorter Time) on the condition that every electric generator 17 the power gives 60 watts. The direct current consumed by an electromagnet: 15 W: 24 V = 0.625 A,

But because the voltage source is impulsive, the average consumption of electrical energy is even less, for example, 0.5 A.

Two electric motors consume according to 1 A, that is, the capacity 20,0 Ah will suffice approximately on 20 hours of work of electric motors. As part of time goes on start and acceleration, and also driving on a rise, allow the real driving time with the maximum speed becomes about 10 hours (that considerably exceeds time of movement of the velomobile with usual electric motors). Then you can drive at the maximum speed: 89.6 × 10 = 896 km.

After charging the battery 18 of accumulators, the ride will go without any muscle efforts. Having recovered from some time, you can still work from the pedals. From such, the way, on indication of HFV it is possible to drive with considerable speed long distances, consuming, not dripping drops of fuel, damage of environment, and consuming moderate human forces.

Even the solar battery with the small power (about 50 watts) on the roof HFV is for charging the battery 18 enough of the accumulators. At the same time the physical load on the members of the team will decrease. Such velomobiles can become new ecologically pure means of transport for trips in the city, as well as for other trips.

The maximum torque and the maximum speed of the electric motor on the wheel are divisible by the number of electromagnets. Therefore, there is the possibility to significantly increase the speed of the movement HFV and the maximum torque. If the more powerful electromagnets are used - you can increase the torque even more. Combining performance and number of electromagnets, it is possible to get a torque in hundreds N · m, and the maximum speed - more than 200 km / h at relatively small energy consumption. Of course, here it does not concern charging of accumulators only by human forces, but the size of a roof will allow to increase area and performance of solar batteries. In such a case, it will be difficult to cross the border between Velomobil and the fully-fledged electric vehicle.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

the axial bar;

2

the bar of the drive wheel 3 ;

3

Drive wheel;

4

Electric motor of the drive wheel 3 ;

5

managing wheel;

6

Fork of the managing wheel 5 ;

7

Hinge of the fork 6 of the managing wheel 5 ;

8th

Lever of diversion of the managing wheel 5 ;

9

Control handle;

10

Deflection rod;

11

Lever of the deflection of the fork 6 of the managing wheel 5 ;

12

Lever of the brake HFV;

13

Rocking actuator HFV;

14

Pedal of the rocking lever 13 ;

15

Biegsamseil;

16

Pulley;

17

Electric generator;

18

Battery of accumulators;

19

Leg of the folding chair HFV;

20

Seat of the folding chair HFV;

21

Backrest of the folding chair HFV;

22

hard part of the roof HFV;

23

flexible envelope HFV;

24

Folding bars of rocking lever 13

25

Plate of the electric motor on the wheel;

26

Electromagnet;

27

Pawl;

28

Ratchet wheel;

29

Fork of the wheel of the means of transport;

30

Elements of fastening of the plate 25 the electric motor on the wheel;

31

Framework in the form of the tube of electro-insulating material;

32

Winding of the electric generator;

33

Rifle;

34

Magnet;

35

recurring feather;

36

Counter of the mounting of the recurring pen 35 ;

37

Bridge rectifier;

38

Control circuit of the electric motors 4 ,

Claims (3)

Hybrid Folding Velomobile (HFV), which has the axial beam ( 1 ), the bars ( 2 ) of the drive wheels ( 3 ), managing wheel ( 5 ) and the mechanism of the turn or steering, the drive wheels ( 3 ), the brake system, the muscle drive, electric motors ( 4 ) powered by battery of accumulators ( 18 ), as well as the armchair, which next to each other with each other right and left of the axial beam ( 1 ), characterized in that the common axis of the drive wheels ( 3 ) HFV is missing, and the armchairs are in the direction of the axial bar ( 1 ), whereby the inner legs ( 19 ) the chair on the axial bar ( 1 ) of the HVF, but the external legs ( 19 ) of each chair on the bar ( 2 ) of the drive wheel ( 3 ), to this bar ( 2 ) is the drive wheel ( 3 ) fixed on its axis, and the electric motor ( 4 ) of the drive wheel ( 3 ) HFV, while the muscle drive moves the electric generators ( 17 ), which the battery of the accumulators ( 18 ), which via the control circuit ( 38 ) the electric motors ( 4 ) which drives the drive wheels ( 3 ) turn around. Hybrid folding velomobile according to claim 1, characterized in that, as the electric motors ( 4 ) in the HFV "electric motors on the wheel" or wheel hub motors, especially economical electric motors used. Hybrid folding velomobile according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that in the HFV electric generators ( 17 ) used with the linear motion of the permanent magnets.

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