DE102009026936B4 - Device for connection to an electrical energy supply network and transport system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for connecting an electrical consumer and / or an electrical energy source to an electrical energy supply network (104) with - connecting means (106) for the detachable connection of an electrical power line (122) of the consumer or the energy source to the device, - controllable switching means (108) for the electrical connection of the connection means to the energy supply network, wherein the switching means can assume a first switching state in which the connection means are separated from the energy supply network, and wherein the switching means can assume a second switching state in which the connection means are connected to the energy supply network , wherein the controllable switching means are designed to receive a switching signal (112) from control means (110; 162), - signal transmission means (114; 180) to enable signal transmission via the connection means independently of the switching state of the switch old means.

Description

The invention relates to a device for connecting an electrical load or an electrical energy source to an electrical power supply network and a transport system.

The uses of electric cars are currently very limited, among other things because there is a lack of suitable infrastructure for recharging the batteries.

CH 688 599 A5 discloses a dispenser for electric vehicles equipped with two stationary, movable and sprung buffer-shaped contactors. For charging, these bumpers come into contact with wide-area contact elements on the front bumper of an electric scooter. The contactors are electrically connected to a control and charging device.

US 2008/0040223 A1 discloses the distribution of electric power in an intelligent way using network connections. In this case, batteries of electrically powered vehicles can help to dynamically provide electrical power in the power supply network.

DE 92 05 536 U1 relates to a power charging system with at least two Stromzapfsäulen for charging electrically powered vehicles with electrical energy. In this case, the release of a charging current using a terminal, in which a magnetic card of a user can be introduced to release after entering the correct PIN of the user a load. AT 399 599 B relates to a device for electricity metering with a releasable current blocking device to connected consumers, wherein at least one electricity meter is connected to a microcomputer to which a display device, an input device and a prepaid card unit are connected.

DE 20 2007 011 309 U1 discloses a city lighting system for new consumers. This lighting system includes street lights, which include distributors for distributing electrical energy.

The invention is the object of the invention to provide a device for connecting an electrical load to an electrical power grid, which allows circuitry with little effort an authorization check with unchanged connection means. It is another object of the invention to provide a street lamp with such a device, a transport system with such a device, and a central unit for controlling a plurality of such devices.

These objects are solved by the features of the independent claims. Preferred embodiments of the invention are indicated in the dependent claims.

The device includes connection means for releasably connecting an electrical power line of the load or the power source to the device. Bai the connection means may be, for example, a socket. To connect the consumer or the power source, a power cord with a plug is plugged into the socket. Instead of a plug connection, the connection can also be realized via a clamping or screw connection.

The device further has controllable switching means for electrically connecting the connection means to the power supply network. The switching means can assume a first switching state in which the connection means are separated from the power supply network, and a second switching state in which the connection means are connected to the energy supply network.

The apparatus further includes a transmitter which couples the connection means to the power supply network for powerline communicative (PLC) signal transmission independent of the switching state of the switching means.

A transmitter is here understood to mean coupling means via which a transmission of PLC signals between the electrical energy supply network and the consumer or the energy source can take place.

According to embodiments of the invention, PLC signals which contain data are coupled into and out of the electrical energy supply network by means of a PLC module in the electrical energy supply network.

By the transformer, the mains voltage of the electrical power supply network is decoupled from the PLC signals, so that in the first switching state, only the PLC signals are transmitted, but no mains voltage is applied to the socket.

According to embodiments of the invention, no galvanic connection between the power supply network and the connection means is produced by the coupling means, ie when the switching means are in their first switching state, there is a galvanic isolation between the electrical power supply network and the Connection means before. In this case, the transformer has, for example, coupled primary and secondary coils, via which the PLC signals are transmitted.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the coupling means can be realized by means of a capacitor.

Embodiments of the invention are particularly advantageous because even if the switching means are in their first switching state, the transmission of PLC signals from and / or to the consumer or the power source can take place. So it is not mandatory that the consumer or the power source must first be connected to the electrical power grid before a PLC signal transmission can take place.

A PLC signal transmission here means any powerline communication, i. H. the transmission of data over an electrical power grid. It is known per se from the prior art. Transfer data via an electrical power grid using Powerline Communication (PLC). For so-called off-site PLC systems, the data signal is fed to the local network transformer, for example, and transmitted to the connected end users according to the point-multipoint principle on the 230/400 volt low-voltage distribution network. In an in-house PLC system, data communication occurs via the 230/400 volt low voltage installation inside the house and is also referred to as home networking. An overall PLC system consists of these two subsystems; In principle, however, each of the subsystems can also exist for themselves.

Regarding the claimed frequency spectrum, two types of PLC are distinguished: narrowband PLC and broadband PLC.

Narrowband PLC is located in the frequency band from 9 kHz to 148.5 kHz and allows data rates up to the order of 150 kBit per second. This narrowband PLC technology is intended for home networking in the in-house area.

The broadband PLC technology is localized in frequency between 1.6 MHz and 30 MHz and should allow the transmission of high data rates on the order of a few megabits per second. The overall frequency band may be divided into subbands, such as subbands 1.6 MHz to 13.5 MHz for out-of-home systems, and 13.5 MHz to 30 MHz for in-house systems (see NT-2721, Technical Handbook , Placing on the market and / or operating PLC installations [Powerline Communications] in Switzerland)

According to one embodiment of the invention, the device has PLC means for transmitting and / or receiving PLC signals in order to exchange PLC signals with the load or the power source.

By PLC means is meant in particular a so-called PLC module, which couples a PLC signal into the electrical energy supply network. The PLC signal is coupled via a so-called phase coupler in one or more phases of the power grid. This phase coupler is considered as part of the PLC module, but can also be designed separately.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the device has control means which can process useful signals exchanged via PLC. For example, the control means are arranged to generate transmission signals which are transmitted as PLC signals from the PLC means via the electric power supply network and / or to process reception signals received from the PLC means via the electric power supply network.

The control means and / or the PLC means can be implemented by one or more program-controlled processors and / or circuitry.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the control means are designed so that a switching signal for changing the switching state of the switching means is issued only on the condition that previously a PLC signal transmission has taken place with the consumer or power source via the transformer.

For example, the control means only control the switching means for switching to the second switching state, ie for connecting the connection means to the energy supply network, after the consumer or the energy source has verified the relevant authorization. Such authorization may, for example, be provided by the consumer or the power source communicating the contract data of a power or energy supply contract with a power company via the PLC signal transmission to the device. There, these contract data can be evaluated locally by the control means. Alternatively or additionally, the control means with a parent central, such as. B. one Server computer, communicate to verify the authorization.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the billing of the energy taken from the electrical power network or fed into the power grid energy is done using a personalized electronic data carrier containing private or secret keys and / or contract data, eg. B. a smart card or a USB stick. In this case, the consumer and / or the power source has a smart card reader, with which the control means of the device can communicate via the PLC signal transmission, for example, to exchange billing data.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the control means are arranged to authenticate the load or the power source while the switching means are in the first switching state, i. H. as long as no removal of electrical energy from the power grid or a supply of energy is possible. Only after a successful authentication of the consumer or the energy source with respect to the device or with respect to a higher-level control center, with which the device is in a communication connection, the control means generate a shank signal to bring the switching means in the second switching state. The authentication can also be mutually configured so that the device must authenticate itself to the consumer or the energy source before the switching signal for switching to the second switching state is generated by the control means.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the control means are designed so that the switching signal is generated for switching to the second switching state to enable the authentication of the consumer, if this does not have its own power supply, such. As a battery, a battery or a photocell has. If the authentication of the consumer is successful, then the switching means remain in the second switching state; When the authentication of the consumer fails, the control means generate the switching signal for switching to the first switching state. In this case, the consumer can therefore only remove energy from the energy supply network or feed it into the energy supply network for a short time, namely for the duration of the expiration of an authentication protocol. The amount of energy can be limited over this period of time to that energy that is needed solely for the purpose of performing the authentication protocol.

The authentication may be password-based, based on a symmetric key, or based on a cryptographic asymmetric key pair, or in any other suitable manner. In particular, digital certificates or credentials can be exchanged via the PLC signals for the purpose of authentication.

Standardized methods for authentication are defined in the following international standards, which can be used, for example:
ISO / IEC 9798: Information Technology - Security Techniques - Entity Authentication: Part 1: General
ISO / IEC 9798-2: Information Technology - Security Techniques - Entity Authentication: Part 2: Mechanisms Using Symmetric Encipherment Algorithms
ISO / IEC 9798-3: Information Technology - Security Techniques - Entity Authentication: Part 3: Mechanisms using Digital Signature Techniques
ISO / IEC 9798-4: Information Technology - Security Techniques - Entity Authentication: Part 4: Mechanisms using a Cryptographic Check Function
ISO / IEC 9798-5: Information Technology - Security Techniques - Entity Authentication: Part 5: Mechanisms using Zero Knowledge Techniques

According to one embodiment of the invention, the device has means for measuring the electrical energy delivered by the energy supply network to the electrical consumer or for measuring the electrical energy fed into the energy supply network from the electrical energy source via the connection means, wherein the control means are designed such that the switching signal in order to bring the switching means into the first switching state, provided that the amount of energy delivered satisfies a condition.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the device has PLC means for transmitting a test signal and for receiving a response signal from the electrical load or the electrical energy source, wherein the control means are adapted to deliver a control signal for switching the switching means in the first switching state if no response signal is received on the test signal. This has the advantage that it can be automatically detected by the device whether the consumer or the energy source is connected to the connection means. This implements a keep-alive process.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the check of the presence of one or more of the conditions after the initial switching of the switching means in the second switching state one or more further times, for example with a predetermined periodicity, or made after a random time to check whether the condition or conditions for the second switching state is still present. This implements a keep-alive process.

For example, by re-examining the consumer's authenticity of all the energy source, it can be checked whether the consumer or the energy source has not been replaced by another consumer or source of energy during energy extraction or energy input. It is also possible to check whether the consumer's creditworthiness is adequate for the withdrawal of electrical energy, or whether the consumer has sufficient credit to withdraw the desired energy. In particular prepaid or postpaid methods for billing the removal of the electrical energy can be implemented in this manner.

According to one embodiment of the invention, an authentication protocol is carried out periodically or aperiodically, each time with a new challenge, in order to determine not only whether a consumer / energy source is still connected, but also whether it is still the same. If previously mutually authenticated, according to embodiments of the invention here also periodically / aperiodically (for example, at unpredictable times) mutually authenticated. The authentication protocol is therefore carried out again with "fresh", not yet used challenges. This has the advantage that replay attacks can be averted.

Embodiments of the device according to the invention may be designed so that only a removal of electrical energy, d. H. the connection of a consumer is possible, but not the supply of energy.

Embodiments of the device according to the invention may be designed so that only one feed of electrical energy, d. H. the connection of an energy source is possible, but not the extraction of energy.

Embodiments of the device according to the invention may be designed so that optionally a removal or an injection of electrical energy can take place.

In a further aspect, the invention relates to a transport system with an embodiment of a device according to the invention and at least one electrically operable transport. The electrically operable transport means has a rechargeable battery, which serves as an energy source for an electric drive of the means of transport. The means of transport can be connected as an electrical load with the connection means of the device to obtain a charging current from the power supply network, by means of which the batteries of the means of transport are charged. However, the means of transport can also serve as an energy source and feed electrical energy from the battery into the energy supply network via the device. The means of transport may be, for example, an electric car or an electric boat.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a charging station is provided which is integrated in any street lamp. The street lamp includes a device according to the invention, the socket is accessible from the street, for example, to connect an electric car to it.

In particular, the device may be designed as a so-called charging station.

In the following, embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. Show it:

1 a block diagram of a first embodiment of a device according to the invention,

2 a block diagram of a second embodiment of a device according to the invention.

3 a block diagram of a third embodiment of devices according to the invention, which are controlled by a central unit,

4 4 is a block diagram of a fourth embodiment of devices according to the invention, which are controlled by a central unit,

5 a block diagram of the embodiment of the device according to the invention according to 4 .

6 a block diagram of a fifth embodiment of devices according to the invention, which are controlled by a central unit,

7 a block diagram of the embodiment of the device according to the invention according to 6 ,

Elements of the following embodiments corresponding to each other are denoted by the same reference numerals.

1 shows an embodiment of a device according to the invention 100 , which can be designed as a charging station. The device 100 is with the lines 102 an electrical energy supply network 104 connected to which an AC voltage of, for example, 50 Hz in the amount of 230 V is applied.

The device 100 also has connecting means, here as a socket 106 are formed. The wires 102 are with the socket 106 connectable via controllable switching means, here the two controllable switches 108 exhibit. The device 100 also has control means, here as a controller 110 are formed. The controller 110 can be a control signal 112 generate the switch 108 switch.

The 1 shows the switches 108 in their first switching state. In which the switches 108 are open, so no galvanic connection between the lines 102 and the outlet 106 consists.

By that control signal 112 become the switches 108 closed, that is brought into its second switching state. This will create a galvanic connection between the lines 102 and the outlet 100 made so that over the socket 106 the electrical energy supply network 104 Energy can be taken. Alternatively, with closed switches 108 Energy in the power network 104 over the socket 106 be fed.

The device 100 also has a transformer 114 , The transformer 114 For example, it can be designed as a so-called pulse transformer, which does not serve for energy transmission but for information transmission. In particular, the transformer 114 be designed as a bidirectional bandpass filter or high-pass filter, the signal in a bandpass range in both directions, but not the frequency at which the electrical power grid 104 is operated. Preferably, the transformer has 114 a pass band including a PLC frequency band, for example, a narrowband PLC and / or a broadband PLC.

The transformer 114 is here designed as a 4-pole, with the lines on one side 102 lie on the other side of the socket 106 connected.

A PLC module 118 is with the wires 102 connected, so that the PLC module PLC signals over the lines 102 can send and receive.

The device 100 also has a power supply 120 to the active components of the device 100 be supplied with voltage, for example, the PLC module 116 and / or the controller 110 , The power supply 120 can on the wires 102 be connected and supplies a DC voltage of, for example, 5 V or 3.3 V.

To the socket 106 can a cable 122 be connected to an electrical load or an electrical energy source. According to the embodiment of the 1 is over the cable 122 z. B. the charger 124 a consumer 126 , such as B. a passenger car (car) to the device 100 shot, for example, to charge a battery of the car. In particular, the car may be an electric car. The consumer 126 can be designed so that it can also serve as an electrical energy source.

For example, the consumer becomes 126 operated by a customer of the power grid, the customer being the consumer 126 optionally operate in a consumption mode in which energy is taken from the power grid, or in a feed mode in which energy is fed into the power grid. In the feed mode, the consumer acts 126 as an energy source.

The consumer 126 has a PLC module 130 , which in principle can have the same structure as the PLC module 116 the device 100 , The consumer 126 also has a control device, such as a controller 132 , The PLC module 130 and / or the controller 132 may in particular be part of a so-called Electronic Control Unit (ECU) of the consumer 126 be.

For power supply, for example of the PLC module 130 and / or the controller 132 or the ECU serves here a DC / DC converter 134 that is the on-board voltage of the consumer 126 at the rate of, for example, 12V to 5V or 3.3V.

Alternatively, the power supply can also be done via a power supply.

To charge the battery of the consumer 126 For example, the procedure is as follows:
The cable 122 gets into the socket with his plug 106 plugged. From the controller 132 will then be a message 136 generated and in the PLC module 130 entered. Alternatively, plugging the plug into the socket 106 characterized unilaterally or bilaterally, in the periodically from the consumer or the charging station a message 136 , respectively. 140 or a test message is sent. Furthermore, for example, the plugging of the plug into the socket of a sensor of the consumer 126 senses, such. B. by a mechanical sensor which is arranged on the plug. Due to the corresponding Sensor signal sent to the controller 132 is transmitted, this generates the message 136 ,

Alternatively or additionally, the outlet 106 have such a sensor to the insertion of the plug on the part of the device 100 to sensate. In this case the sensor is the socket 106 with the controller 110 the device 100 coupled. The controller 110 generates the message 140 after the insertion of the plug has been sensed The consumer 126 answers the message 140 then at least with the message 136 ,

The PLC module 130 generated from the message 136 PLC signals 138 that over the cable 122 be transmitted. The PLC signals 138 then after transmission over the transformer 114 from the PLC module 116 receive. The PLC module 116 regenerated from the PLC signals 138 the message 136 and forwards them to the controller 110 further.

The controller 110 processes the message 136 , Based on the message 136 the controller checks 110 whether a given condition is met. If this is the case, the controller gives 110 the signal 112 off to the switches 108 close, ie the switches 108 to bring from the first switching state in the second switching state. After closing the switch 108 are the wires 102 with the cable 122 galvanically connected, so that now a charging current for recharging the battery of the consumer, for example, the PkWs, can flow. Alternatively, a supply current for feeding electrical energy from the battery of the consumer into the power grid 104 flow.

According to embodiments of the invention, communication does not occur with a single message 136 but it is necessary to exchange several protocol elements to check the conditions (such as for authentication with challenge / response protocol and / or to transfer the contract data, which can specify, for example, prepaid or postpaid).

A prerequisite for closing the switches 108 through the controller 110 ie the delivery of the control signal 112 , that may be due to the exchange of PLC signals between the device 100 and the consumer 126 opposite the controller 110 currently evidence is provided that an authorization to remove the charging current is present. This can be done with the message 136 Contract data of the holder of the consumer 126 with the operator of the power supply network 104 be transmitted. The controller 110 then checks, either locally or over a communication connection with an external server computer, whether the over the message 136 received contract data are valid. If this is the case, the controller gives 110 the control signal 112 off to the switches 108 close.

Alternatively or additionally, or in combination with the detection, the exchange of PLC signals, ie PLC messages, between the device 100 and the consumer 126 a one-sided or mutual authentication. For example, the controller has 132 Access to a private key to the consumer 126 and / or its holder or operator is assigned. The private key, which is also referred to as a secret key, can, for example, in a so-called security module, ie a protected memory area of the controller 132 or on a smart card to which the controller 132 stored on a chip card reader.

Evidence of eligibility of the consumer 126 opposite the controller 110 can be provided, for example, by authentication methods, as described in particular in Chapter 5.1. (Unilateral Authentication) or from Chapter 5.2 (Mutual Authentication) of ISO 9798-3 are known per se.

With the message 136 the controller sends 132 for example, a digital certificate containing the public key associated with the private key. The controller 110 generated upon receipt of the certificate from the consumer 126 then a so-called challenge to the consumer 126 or its holder or operator.

For example, the challenge is one of the controller 110 generated random number. This is then as a message 140 from the controller 110 into the PLC module 116 entered and from the PLC module 116 as a PLC signal 142 into the pipes 102 coupled.

The PLC signal 142 is over the transformer 114 , the outlet 106 and the cable 122 from the PLC module 130 of the consumer 126 received, which with the message 140 received random number in the controller 132 enters.

The controller 132 or the chip card then digitally signs the random number using its private key and responds to the message 140 with another message 136 containing the digitally signed random number or the digital signature at random. The controller 110 then verifies upon receipt of the signed random number or the digital signature with the public key that the controller 110 previously received with the digital certificate, whether the signed random number with the challenge, ie with the consumer sent random number, or whether the digital signature is correct. If this is the case, the consumer is considered 126 or its holder or operator as authenticated, so that the controller 110 the control signal 112 surrenders to the switches 108 close so that charging can begin.

Alternatively or additionally, the procedure is as follows. For example, the challenge is again one of the controller 110 generated random number. This random number is encrypted with the public key contained in the certificate. The resulting cipher then becomes a message 140 from the controller 110 into the PLC module 116 entered and from the PLC module 116 as a PLC signal 142 into the pipes 102 coupled.

The PLC signal 142 is over the transformer 114 , the outlet 106 and the cable 122 from the consumer 126 received and into the PLC module 130 fed the message 140 demodulated and that with the message 140 received cipher to the controller 132 sends.

The controller 132 then decrypt the ciphertext with the help of his private key and respond to the message 140 with another message 136 containing the decrypted cipher. The controller 110 then checks on receipt of the decrypted cipher from the consumer 126 whether the decrypted ciphertext matches the challenge, ie the random number. If this is the case, the consumer is considered 126 or its holder or operator as authenticated, so that the controller 110 the control signal 112 surrenders to the switches 108 close so that charging can begin.

Preferably, the digital certificate is issued by the consumer 126 has been obtained, for example, before the public key contained in the certificate is used to verify the digital signature of the random number. The verification of the certificate can be carried out by a certificate chain check, for example with stored certificates, public keys or with the help of a public key infrastructure (PKI), in which the public keys / certificates can be verified online.

Alternatively or additionally, an authentication of the device 100 or the network operator to the consumer 126 done, for example, also using a challenge-response method.

The device 100 It can have an electricity meter connected to the consumer 126 Measures delivered amount of energy. The controller 110 can compare the amount of energy detected by the electricity meter with a threshold value and, upon reaching the threshold value, another control signal 112 leave to the switches 108 to open again.

This threshold can be from the controller 110 for example, due to the creditworthiness of the consumer's keeper 126 be determined when a postpaid method for charging the amount of energy delivered is used. In a prepaid method, the threshold may result from the current balance, which is the consumer 126 or its holder or operator is assigned. The current value of this credit can for example be stored on a chip card. The controller 110 can then by means of the PLC module 116 via a chip card reader of the consumer 126 query the current balance from this chip card and set the threshold for the maximum amount of energy to be dispensed accordingly.

Alternatively, the credit given to the consumer 126 or its holder or operator is assigned, also be stored for example on a server computer of the network operator. With the help of the consumer 126 received contract data and / or with the help of the digital certificate, the controller 110 query the current balance from the server computer to set the threshold for the maximum amount of energy to be dispensed accordingly.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the controller sends 110 repeating a message periodically or aperiodically 140 as a test signal, to check if the cable 122 still at the socket 106 connected. After sending such a test signal, the controller expects 110 the receipt of a response signal from the consumer 126 within a given maximum time. If the controller 110 does not receive such a response signal within the predetermined time, this means that the cable 122 no longer at the socket 106 is connected so that the controller has another control signal 112 generated to the switches 108 to open again. Alternatively or additionally, the authentication is also performed periodically or aperiodically several times. This will avoid that after the cable 122 from the socket 106 pulled another consumer to the outlet 106 is connected to at the expense of a third party electrical energy from the power grid 104 refer to.

Through the device 100 and the consumer 126 For example, a car, so a transport system is created, which is a decentralized supply to the consumer 126 and further principally identically constructed consumer allows.

In particular, the device can 100 be designed as a so-called charging station.

The device 100 can be designed so that, alternatively or in addition to the removal of electrical energy and the supply of electrical energy in the power grid 104 is possible.

For example, over the cable 122 a solar cell or a wind turbine to the device 100 connected in the embodiment of the 1 in the place of the charger 124 occurs. The from the solar cell or the wind turbine over the cable 122 and the device 100 into the power grid 104 fed electrical energy can from the electricity meter of the device 100 measured and by signaling the amount of energy supplied by the controller 110 be remunerated at the server computer.

The meter may be on the side of the device 100 or the consumer 126 bearing in mind that this is a measuring instrument subject to However, measuring devices may also be located on both sides.

The present invention also allows the batteries of a fleet of consumers 126 as energy storage for the power grid 104 to use, in particular to cover peak loads or as a contribution to a base load, especially during the night hours.

The transport system may for example be designed so that at each pitch or in each garage a device 100 is present, to which a corresponding consumer 126 is connected when the consumer 126 not in operation.

About the charging station 100 then can the power grid 104 Energy from the batteries of consumers 126 For example, to cover short-term load peaks.

The 2 shows a further embodiment of the device 100 and the consumer 126 , where a connection of all three phases of the power grid 104 he follows. The PLC signal transmission of the PLC signals 138 respectively. 142 takes place via at least the phase, via the transformer 114 coupled with the consumer, as in the 2 shown.

The 3 shows an embodiment of the invention, in which several of the devices 100 from a common central unit 128 be controlled; The central unit will also be referred to as a concentrator 128 designated. Each of the devices 100 includes a transformer 114 with switches 108 , by each a switching module 118 is formed. The different transformers 114 are over lines 178 and about the concentrator 128 with the power supply network 104 connected. Further, each of the devices is 100 assigned a unique address, ie one of the addresses C ₁ , C ₂ , ..., C _n-1 , C. The address in question can be stored in a memory of each of the devices 100 be saved.

The controller 110 and each of the devices 100 each have an interface to a control bus 176 , About the control bus 176 can the controller 110 control signals 112 to the devices 100 send to the switches 108 to open or close. The control signal 112 is the address of the device 100 directed, whose switch 108 should be switched to this device 100 to bring from one to the other switching state.

Each of the devices 100 is with a power outlet 106 connected about which a consumer 126 by means of a plug 182 can be connected. Each of the n-consumers 126 can in principle be constructed as with respect to the 1 and 2 explained above.

Of particular advantage in the embodiment considered here is that not for every outlet 106 a separate PLC module 116 and a separate controller 110 must be present, but that the PLC module 116 and the controller 110 belong to a central unit, the more of the devices 100 can drive. This significantly reduces the implementation effort

This embodiment is suitable, for example, for equipping a parking garage with power sockets.

The system can consist of a central office, which is the concentrator 128 and several of the devices 100 involves, to the different consumers 126 can be connected.

Under a concentrator 128 becomes here a PLC module 116 with controller 110 and power supply 120 understood, the single-phase or three-phase to the power grid 104 can be connected.

The device 100 is here by a switching module 118 formed, which is a transformer 114 with the switches 108 for single and multi-phase operation, the switching module each with a socket 106 connected is.

The concentrator 128 is via the power grid 104 with the switching modules 118 across which the current flows and the PLC signals 142 be transmitted. In addition, the concentrator is via a control bus 176 or control cables with the switch modules 118 connected via the, or via the control signals 112 for the switches 108 are sent to bring the switches respectively in the first or second switching state (out-band control of the switching means).

The PLC module 116 of the concentrator 128 can with any PLC module 130 a consumer because each PLC module has a different address.

If all the conditions for the charging or feeding process are met, the switches will 108 of the corresponding switching module 118 brought into the second switching state by the switching signal via the Kontrolbus 176 , or the control line is sent. Accordingly, when the conditions are met, the switching signal for the first switching state is sent.

The 4 shows an embodiment of the invention, in which the controller 110 with the devices 100 over the energy supply network 104 can communicate; the control bus 176 is omitted in this embodiment. The transmission of the control signal 112 from the controller 110 of the concentrator 128 to one of the switching modules 118 takes place here in the form of a message 140 that came from the PLC module 116 of the concentrator 128 to the device in question 100 is sent and there from a PLC module 160 Will be received. The devices 100 are each assigned unique addresses, so the message 140 to a particular device 100 can be directed to in this device 100 to trigger a switching process. The devices 100 can be designed here so that they are an integral part of the sockets 106 form. The control signal 112 In this embodiment, it is handled locally by the controller 162 the device concerned 100 generated.

This embodiment is suitable, for example, for an implementation in street lamps of a street or in parking lots.

In this embodiment, a concentrator 128 with several of the devices 100 connected, which are designed as PLC sockets.

Below a PLC socket becomes a PLC module 160 with controller 162 , Power adapter 164 and switching module 118 understood, as in the 5 shown.

Each PLC outlet comes with a power outlet 106 for connecting a consumer 126 connected.

For controlling the switching means 108 in the PLC sockets are messages 140 between the controller 110 in the concentrator 128 and the controller 162 exchanged in the PLC socket.

The concentrator 128 is via the power grid, ie the line 178 , connected to the PLC sockets through which the current flows and the PLC messages 140 , respectively. 136 be transmitted. After receiving the message 140 , brings the controller 162 the switches 108 each in the first or second switching state (in-band control of the switching means).

In one embodiment, communication between the concentrator controller and the PLC sockets is cryptographically secured to ensure authentication of the exchanged messages. These mechanisms can be used as they are for communication between the controller 110 in the charging station and the controller 132 already described in the consumer.

The PLC module 116 of the concentrator can be used with any PLC module 130 of a consumer and each PLC module 160 a PLC socket, as each PLC module has a different address.

If all the conditions for the charging or feeding process are met, the switches will 108 the corresponding switching module of the PLC socket brought into the second switching state by a message 140 from the controller 110 to the controller 162 is transmitted by PLC, which then brings the switch in the second switching state. Accordingly, if the prerequisites are met, a message will be sent if the controller 162 to bring the switch in the first switching state.

The 6 shows a further embodiment of the device 100 , which is referred to here as a PLC gateway, and their connection to the concentrator 128 over the energy supply network 104 he follows. The 7 shows a corresponding embodiment of the device 100 in detail.

In contrast to the embodiment of the device 100 according to 5 here is the communication between the device 100 and the consumer 166 not via PLC signal transmission, but via an additional communication channel between the controller 162 of the contraption 100 and the controller 132 of the consumer 166 can be built. This additional communication channel may, for example, be wired by a control bus 180 between the controller 162 and the controller 132 is formed when the plug 182 into the socket 106 is plugged. This can be done in the socket 106 in addition to the contacts necessary for the power supply one or more further contacts may be present, via which the control bus 180 closed when the plug 182 into the socket 106 is plugged. The transmission of messages between the device 100 and the consumer 126 takes place here via the control bus 180 and not via the lines that are provided for the transmission of electrical energy. The transmission of messages between the device 100 and the concentrator 128 is done by PLC signal transmission via the power supply network 104 ,

This scenario thus enables the connection of consumers 166 without PLC module.

In this embodiment, a concentrator 128 connected to several PLC gateways. PLC communication only takes place between the concentrator 128 and PLC gateway and not between charging station and consumer. The consumer will have a special plug 182 with data interface via the socket connected to the PLC gateway.

This embodiment is particularly suitable for connecting consumers without PLC module and is therefore a very cost-effective variant.

Under a PLC gateway 100 becomes here a PLC module 160 , a controller 162 , a power supply 164 and the switching means 108 Understood.

For controlling the switching means 108 the PLC gateways become messages 140 and 174 between the controller 110 in the concentrator and the controller 162 exchanged in the PLC gateway.

In one embodiment, the communication between the controller 110 of the concentrator and the controllers 162 the PLC gateways cryptographically secured to ensure authentication of the exchanged messages. These mechanisms can be used as they are for communication between the controller 110 in the charging station and the controller 132 in the consumer have already been described above.

The concentrator 128 is via the power grid with the PLC gateways 100 via which the current flows and the PLC messages 140 , and 174 be transmitted. The news 140 prompt the controller 162 , the switches 108 each in the first or second switching state to bring in-band control of the switching means.

The connection of the consumer to a power outlet, which is connected to a PLC gateway, via a special plug with connections for the power grid and an additional integrated data interface (control bus 180 or control lines) for the exchange of protocol data for the authentication and billing of the charged or injected amount of energy with the concentrator.

If all the conditions for the charging or feeding process are met, the switches will 108 of the corresponding switching module of the PLC gateways brought into the second switching state by a message 140 from the controller 110 to the controller 162 is transmitted by PLC, which then brings the switch in the second switching state. Accordingly, if the prerequisites exist, a message will be sent 140 sent when the controller 162 to bring the switch in the first switching state.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

100

contraption

102

cables

104

Power grid

106

socket

108

switch

110

controller

112

control signal

114

exchangers

116

PLC module

118

switching module

120

power adapter

122

electric wire

124

charger

126

consumer

128

concentrator

130

PLC module

132

controller

134

converter

136

Message from controller ( 132 ) (Consumer)

138

PLC signal

140

Message from controller ( 110 ) (Charging station / concentrator)

142

PLC signal

160

PLC module

162

controller

164

power adapter

166

consumer

170

converter

172

charger

174

Message from controller ( 162 ) (PLC gateway)

176

Control Bus

178

management

180

Control Bus

182

plug

184

Control Bus

Claims (19)

Device for connecting an electrical consumer and / or an electrical energy source to an electrical energy supply network ( 104 ) with - connection means ( 106 ) for the detachable connection of an electrical power line ( 122 ) of the consumer or the power source to the device, - controllable switching means ( 108 ) for electrically connecting the connection means to the power supply network, wherein the switching means can assume a first switching state in which the connection means are separated from the power supply network, and wherein the switching means can assume a second switching state in which the connection means are connected to the power supply network, the controllable switching means for receiving a switching signal ( 112 ) of control means ( 110 ; 162 ), - signal transmission means ( 114 ; 180 ) for enabling signal transmission via the connection means independently of the switching state of the switching means, wherein the signal transmission means comprises a transformer ( 114 ), wherein the transformer ( 114 ) is adapted to pass signals in a bandpass range in the direction of and to the electrical load, but not the frequency with which the electrical power grid ( 104 ), the transformer ( 114 ) parallel to the controllable switching means ( 108 ) is arranged and with the connection means ( 108 ) and the electrical power grid ( 104 ) connected is. Device according to claim 1, with PLC means ( 116 ; 160 ) for sending and / or receiving PLC signals ( 138 . 142 ) via the signal transmission means. Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the control means ( 110 ) send and / or receive the PLC signals via the PLC means. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the control means are designed so that the switching signal is issued only on the condition that the previously had the PLC signal transmission. Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the control means are designed so that the switching signal is issued only on condition that via the PLC signal transmission an authorization check of the consumer or power source for connection to the electrical power grid is done. Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the control means are designed so that the switching signal is delivered only on the condition that via the PLC signal transmission authentication has taken place. Apparatus according to claim 4, 5 or 6, comprising means for measuring the electrical energy delivered by the energy supply network to the electrical consumer or for measuring the electrical energy fed into the energy supply network from the electrical energy source via the connection means, the control means being designed such that the switching signal is brought to the switching means in the first switching state on the condition that the amount of delivered or fed energy meets a condition. Apparatus according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the PLC means are adapted to transmit a test signal and to receive a response signal from the electrical load or source of electrical energy to the test signal, the control means being arranged to provide a control signal for switching the test signal Switching means is discharged into the first switching state when no response signal is received on the test signal. Device according to one of claims 4 to 8, wherein the PLC means are designed for carrying out an authentication protocol with the electrical load or the electrical energy source, wherein the control means are designed such that a control signal for switching the switching means is delivered in the first switching state, if the authentication fails. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the signal transmission means for forming an additional communication channel ( 180 ) between the control means ( 162 ) and the consumer and / or the electrical energy source are formed, wherein the additional communication channel extends over the connection means. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the connection means as a socket ( 106 ) for releasably connecting a cable ( 122 ) are formed. Apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the socket contact means for contacting a plug ( 182 ), via which the communication channel can be produced. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy source is a solar system or a wind turbine. Street lamp with a device according to one of the preceding claims. Transport system with a device according to one of the preceding claims and an electrically operable transport means ( 126 ) with a rechargeable battery and with PLC means ( 130 ) for sending and / or receiving the PLC signals ( 138 . 142 ), wherein the batteries are connected via the connection means to the power supply network when the switching means are in their second switching state. Transport system according to claim 15, wherein the electrically operable transport means is an electric car or an electric boat. Central unit for controlling several devices ( 100 ) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the central processing unit comprises first PLC means ( 116 ) for sending and / or receiving PLC signals ( 142 . 138 ) via the signal transmission means ( 118 ; 180 ) of the device, and wherein the control means ( 110 ) the central unit a bus interface to a control bus ( 176 ) via the control bus, the switching signal ( 112 ) to a particular one of the devices. Central processing unit according to Claim 17, in which the control means ( 110 ) are adapted to the switching signal ( 112 ) to send to an address assigned to the device via the control bus. A central processing unit according to claim 17 or 18, wherein each of said devices comprises second PLC means ( 160 ), wherein the first and second PLC means for communication between the central processing unit and the device concerned via the power supply network ( 104 ) are formed.

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