DE102009022874B4 - Safety lighting system with special terminal circuit topology and end circuit forming switching units - Google Patents

Abstract

Supply-line-bound emergency lighting system (101, 201) which extends over at least two fire sections (227, 229, 231) of a building, wherein a centrally arranged emergency power system (103, 203) is placed in a first fire section (227) and a lighting zone in a second Fire section (229) is arranged, the energetic connection, via which also control commands (510, 520, 522, 524, 526, 528, 530) are exchanged, via a single central supply cable (107, 207) is made, wherein the supply cable (107, 207) at least partially composed of a refractory cable, and end circuit forming (275, 277) switching units (239, 600, 710) are multiply arranged in the fire portion (229) provided with overcurrent protection elements (271, 273, 275, 277 , 279, 281) equipped for lighting means (LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6, 702) are designed in mixed operation, and wherein the end circuit forming switching units (239, 600, 710) as separating modules between the central supply cable (107, 207) and to the switching units (239, 600, 710) to be connected lighting means (LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6, 702) are arranged and the end circuit forming switching units ( 239, 600, 710) each having a microcontroller (IC2) and a module for line feedback on a situation of at least one component, one of the switching units (239, 600, 710) or one of the illumination means (LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6, 702), to the emergency power system (103, 203) are equipped, wherein a switching unit (239, 600, 710) time synchronized samples an applied voltage and the microcontroller (IC2) processes a measurement result on the situation and then in the form of Feedback to the centrally located emergency power system (103, 203) reports.

Description

The present invention relates to a safety lighting system which can assume a safety-relevant lighting state in particular in buildings and rooms of public character in special events, as well as switching units that are configured endstromkreisbildend.

Safety lighting systems are emergency lighting systems that are specified in numerous standards. By way of example, a number of important standards are to be named, from which fundamental requirements for safety lighting systems and the associated terms can be derived:
For example, DIN EN 50171 provides regulations for the design of emergency power systems and uninterruptible power supplies. The emergency lighting systems are often to be designed in accordance with DIN EN 50172, using luminaires that are to be specified in accordance with DIN EN 60598-2-22. For reasons of readability, reference is made to the standards mentioned in order to determine common terminology and its meanings for emergency lighting systems in order to avoid having to reiterate the terminology in full. The following description of the invention thus further develops the aforementioned world of norms in the framework determined by the standards.

State of the art

In general, the design of emergency lighting systems can be summarized to the effect that the electrical energy for the supply of the lights of the emergency lighting system can be provided from a central point or individually in front of each light available. If centralized feed-in points for the electrical energy are selected, an emergency power system is usually installed at this starting point. The emergency power system is part of the emergency lighting system. Further components of the emergency lighting system are cables, electrical installation material and luminaires of different categories or different types. For safety reasons, the emergency power system is often installed in a different fire compartment than the area to be equipped with the lights. Especially with fire, a minimum lighting time - depending on the standard and application - for the safety lighting area should be ensured. In order to be able to intercept sections of damage to the lighting system, fuses and circuit breakers are provided, similar to those described in the descriptions of the JP 54 058 847 A (Applicant: Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., priority date: 20.10.1977), CN 201 185 345 A (Applicant: Jining Beifang Aoke Electric Co., filing date: 28.02.2008) and UA 29361 U (Applicant: MNUKHIN Anatolii Hryhorovych, filing date: 17.09.2007).

The safety lighting systems are set up because they are to save lives in the event of damage and escape by a longer-lasting escape route lighting. For some time now, an effort has been made in the centrally supplied emergency lighting systems to transmit as reliably as possible the switching signals from the emergency power system to the lights, which should switch as a function of the state of the emergency lighting system.

By way of example, the following publications are cited which describe switching signal transmissions in the classical network topologies for emergency lighting installations:
DE 10 2007 062 999 B3 (Patent owner: RP-Technik GmbH, filing date: 21.12.2007),
DE 10 2007 062 957 A1 (Applicant: RP-Technik e.K .: filing date: 21.12.2007),
EP 1 066 690 B1 (Applicant: CEAG Sicherheitstechnik GmbH, priority date: 31.03.1998),
EP 0 939 476 B2 (Applicant: Inotec Sicherheitstechnik GmbH, priority date: 25.02.1998) and
US 2006 202 640 A1 (Inventor: Alexandrov, filing date: 05.06.2006).

Further explanations of the topologies can be found in numerous company brochures, eg. B. in the graphs of relevant providers of emergency lighting systems and in the DE 103 16 008 A1 (Applicant: DB Netz AG, filing date: 07.04.2003). Another topology for emergency lighting systems with final circuits is the DE 102 41 563 B3 (Applicant: Dr.-Ing. Willing GmbH, filing date: 07.09.2002), which proposes to place a junction box in the final circuit, so that a first and a second circuit are formed.

Different aspects can be the DE 601 00 291 T2 (Owner: Teknoware Oy, filing date: 24.10.2001) with regard to the determination of operating status information and the patent application GB 2 404 474 A (Applicant: Cooper Lighting and Security Limited, filing date: 29.03.2003) on emergency monitoring systems.

Arrangements or electrical circuits for lights, which may also be used as emergency lighting, go from the US patent application US 2008/019142 A1 (Applicant: Thomas & Betts International Inc., filing date: 29.06.2006), the DE 41 37 207 A1 (Applicant: Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH, filing date: 12.11.1991) or the EP 1 353 430 A2 (Applicant: CEAG Sicherheitstechnik GmbH, priority date: 11.04.2002).

A partial reduction of the line network of an emergency power supply emergency lighting is in the DE 102 45 309 A1 (Applicant: Dr.-Ing. Willing GmbH, filing date 27.09.2002). Here, a single supply line is led to a distribution box, in whose context the name "ES" falls. In each output circuit of the junction box fuses are arranged to ensure that in a short circuit in a final circuit, the other end circuits fed from the junction box are not disturbed. While the DE 102 45 309 A1 the goal is still to avoid the high technical complexity and the corresponding susceptibility to interference caused by module modules in front of the individual lights, the applicant of the DE 102 45 309 A1 to admit in the product brochure "WILLING WZB X-1" that the outsourcing of the final circuits into the fire compartments still requires the individual luminaire monitoring with address modules in the luminaires. A realization of a corresponding system is presented in the promotional article "Safety lighting according to a new concept" from 7-8 / 2007 of the magazine "Light" (ISSN 0024-2861) by a schematic diagram. The conformity of a system "WILLING WZB X-1" with the standard DIN VDE 0108 Part 1 (edition 1989), in particular point 6.4.3.10, the system sells by the fact that a terminal circuit module "ES 6" with only ten connections for the creation of two end circuits ESK1, ESK2 is to equip, thus two NYM5 lines (5 * 1.5 mm ² ) are to be connected. Although the three publications name the final circuit module "ES X" or "ES 6", the publications announce almost nothing about the interior of a final circuit module.

Another approach, the cabling effort and thus the amount of copper to be laid, can be saved (the above-cited patents) EP 1 066 690 B1 and, her obviously related patent, EP 0 939 476 B2 remove. Continuous lighting and ready light should be operated in the same final circuits. The lamps operated as standby lights are assigned a switching unit. The EP 0 939 476 B2 claims that the switching units should include means of detecting the voltage shape, but is completely silent on what that should be. At least they show 1 of the EP 0 939 476 B2 and the 1 of the EP 1 066 690 B1 in that a centrally arranged control device has inputs for supplying a supply voltage and corresponding outputs with a plurality of consumers connected to supply lines.

In other words, the "WILLING WZB X-1" system aims to save E30 cable from fire compartment to fire compartment. The EP 1 066 690 B1 and EP 0 939 476 B2 want to connect in the same final circuits permanent light and ready light lights. Each of the two approaches saves some copper in the local section of the emergency lighting system for lines or line material.

At least for some of the discussion in the cited publications, the question of loss of reliability due to conceptual approaches is allowed.

invention description

Some of the transmission methods set forth above can be used in different security lighting topologies, while some of the disclosed transmission methods rely solely on a particular topology.

The cited documents DE 10 2007 062 999 B3 . DE 10 2007 062 957 A1 . EP 1 066 690 B1 . EP 0939476 B2 and US 2006 202 640 A1 and DE 103 16 008 A1 disclosed transmission methods are considered as a statement of transmission methods.

Many developers neglect the aspect of increasing the reliability of the safety lighting network by topological considerations and the associated component design, in particular together with the transmission method, because the wire-bound information transmission for the standard networks is described as a rule, usually as TN-CS Networks in buildings can be realized with emergency lighting systems. The safety lighting network itself is designed in a known manner by the electrical planners and adapted to the shape, equipment and design of the building.

Actually, architects and operators of buildings, lighting systems, especially safety lighting systems, want to increase in their functional and operational safety. Damage and failures of parts of the lighting system should be intercepted as well as possible, in particular, should an emergency lighting supply as long as possible, for. B. in case of fire, be ensured. For this purpose, of course, suitable, individual components of an emergency lighting system must be created.

The present invention is achieved by a device according to claim 1. A switching unit can be found in claim 22. Advantageous developments can be found in the dependent claims.

Emergency lighting systems include lights of different types. Some luminaires are designed as permanent lighting. Other lights are designed as standby lights. Other lights are designed as escape route lights. The escape route lights may have a controllable direction indicator. Some emergency lighting systems have even more lights, z. B. switched permanent light. There are also emergency lighting systems that have lights with a controllable brightness. Different operating phases are distinguished. In regular operation, standby lights do not need to be on. In a first phase of an exceptional or an emergency operation, individual, additional lights are added. In addition to the regular operation and emergency operation, there may be other exceptional operating conditions of the emergency lighting system.

To save copper lines or electrical connections switching signals are also transmitted via the power supply lines. Thus, no additional control lines need to be routed in a building along the utility lines. The emergency lighting system is a supply line-bound emergency lighting system. The lights of the emergency lighting system are supplied via cables, lines or supply lines. The supply line-bound emergency lighting system advantageously extends over several different fire sections, often at least over two fire sections. In particular, the emergency lighting system has lights of different operating phases. In one embodiment, the lights are in at least two fire sections of a building. The central emergency power system is located in a first section of the fire. An area to be illuminated is located in the second fire section. A centrally arranged emergency power system, such as a central battery system or a group battery system, is thus placed in a first fire section. An illumination area, which in particular comprises a certain number of luminaires, is arranged in a second fire area. The energy connection, via which control commands are to be exchanged, is established via a single central supply cable. Starting from a supply cable, the lights of a fire compartment are both controlled and supplied. At least in sections, the supply cable consists of a refractory cable and possibly another cable. In an alternative embodiment, of course, the entire supply cable can be made fireproof. Thus, the supply cable is at least partially composed of a refractory cable. Fireproofing means that the cable can withstand standard fire effects of a defined time.

An end circuit forming switching unit is available multiple times. The term "final circuit" is understood to mean relevant standards in the present invention. The switching unit may switch at least one illumination means between at least two states. The switching can be done alternately. In the fire section lights are often arranged multiple times. The end circuit-forming switching units represent separating modules between the central supply cable and to the switching units to be connected lighting means.

An intermediate circuit unit thus comprises the supply cable to each individual fire section. Effects on a lighting means are not reflected back to power supply units due to the end circuit forming property of the switching units. Because a single final circuit starts only from the switching unit, thus many short end circuits are present in the lighting system, ideally each lamp forms its own final circuit, damaging influences in a fire section, z. B. the failure of a single light, impact on the emergency power system. Up to the switching units reaches an intermediate circuit. The switching units have at least two terminals for at least two lines of an intermediate circuit.

On the emergency lighting system runs a control method for controlling the consumers of the emergency lighting system. The method for controlling an emergency lighting system controls switching units in the emergency lighting system. The controller handles the response of individual or all switching units. The switching units can be grouped together. The control of the switching units is carried out by an energy-line-based control method. One switching unit each is equipped with two overcurrent protection elements. The overcurrent protection elements are designed for both AC and DC voltage transmission. If one or two of the overcurrent protection elements responds, transmission via the intermediate circuit is still ensured. The downstream lighting device is only taken from the network of emergency lighting system. There is a conscious decoupling of the individual means of illumination. The supply cable remains under electrical voltage.

The safety light should therefore have a switching unit. The switching units of the emergency lighting system can be used in a safety light with a microcontroller be equipped. The switching unit has two overcurrent protection elements on the input side.

The lighting system according to the invention can continue to be operated by the centralized power supply unit, such as a group or a central battery system, even if the individual lights should fail. The failure of a luminaire does not lead to the failure of the entire lighting system.

The emergency lighting system has switching units that comprise a module that can deliver at least one line-fed feedback to the emergency power system. Such feedback is for example a fault message intended for the emergency power system. The feedback is not permanently on the supply lines, but the feedback is offered at times. The feedback informs about a situation of at least one component such as the switching unit or the lighting means. The entire network can thus be monitored from the centralized emergency power system. By way of example, it can be stated that it can be checked by means of current measurement whether the lighting means in the luminaire are still working properly. The measurement result, which can be processed in the microcontroller or microprocessor, for example, is then reported in the form of feedback to the centrally located power supply unit such as the emergency power system. Other possible measuring and evaluation methods are based on special interfaces, such as DALI communication. Also, the switching unit can be checked by means of addresses or address responses. Thus, several switching units can be assigned to an address or an address block. In this way groups can be interconnected favorably.

The emergency lighting system thus has at least one switching unit comprising a microcontroller.

Hereinafter, further advantageous embodiments will be described in detail.

The topology of the emergency lighting system can be compared in a design with an IT network.

A potential change on at least one of two lines may occur. In one embodiment, the emergency lighting system is designed so that the potential change on at least one of the two lines triggers a switching function. A switching function in the switching unit or in an emergency power system of the emergency lighting system is caused by the control method. The transmission is in particular bidirectional.

The potential change may be either common-mode, negative-sequence or in the form of short-term power interruptions; also mixed forms are possible. The short-term interruption may be several times 5-30 ms, for example. The interruption alternates with phases of regular power supply. In the case of a common-mode potential shift, the switching units are controlled by increasing the potential on both lines or by lowering the potential on both lines.

In an alternative embodiment, the change may be an impedance change. The impedance change with respect to the time lapse is made similar to the potential change outlined above. The impedance change can occur multiple times. The impedance change can be very short, starting at 10 μs, lasting up to 40 ms.

There are different types of emergency lights. The way it is used turns the emergency light into a permanent light or a ready light. In order to operate the different types of luminaires from a common power supply, it is advantageous if switching units are present at least in the ready lights, which control their operation.

This means that the safety light itself is deviating from the usual safety lights to the effect that an individual error response of a safety light can be ensured. The emergency luminaire can be used in the emergency lighting system described above because the emergency luminaire is designed for operation in a single-phase IT system or IT network. For this purpose, the safety light is equipped on the input side with two overcurrent protection elements that respond in case of short circuit and earth fault of at least two similar security lights, each overcurrent protection element is selective against a fuse to be connected supply line of the IT system to the safety light. The selectivity is chosen so that the safety light has a much faster response than the possibly separately secured DC link. Because there are usually no errors in the fireproof power supply cable, but in the lights, the target separation point is shifted to the safety light. It can be installed switching units to create the separation point in the security lights.

The overcurrent protection elements are arranged in particular on a detachable circuit board. The overcurrent protection elements are DC voltage and pulse-resistant. Thus, you can Double ground faults are intercepted by fusible line interruptions.

The damaged luminaire becomes a singularized failure event due to the displacement of the end circuit sections into the respective luminaire. The lamp itself has the final circuit. An upstream DC link extends into the luminaire.

Even a short circuit or a ground fault of a single connection to the lighting means does not lead to personal hazardous situations. The emergency lighting system has a higher level of safety due to increased contact protection or a more difficult short circuit formation.

The refractory cable advantageously extends from the emergency power system to the lighting area.

The emergency lighting system has safety lights, in the housing - in one embodiment - each have a switching unit and at least one lighting means are arranged together or together. The switching unit is part of the luminaire, in particular the safety luminaire. The safety light also has a light source in or on the housing.

It is advantageous if an electronic ballast is interposed between the switching unit and the lighting means. A typical simple design consists of continuous light lamps, which are configured without switching or control option, while the lamps in standby mode can be controlled and switched or dimmed individually or in combination. Most each of the permanent and the ready lights has a monitoring device.

The emergency lighting system has numerous switching units, which have at least two fuses. The overcurrent protection elements can be realized by fuses. The fuses are advantageously suitable for DC voltage. The fuses are also pulse-resistant. It is therefore possible to use DC-compatible and pulse-resistant fuses. The fuses are arranged in the switching units in such a way that in each case a fuse protects a supply line and in each case a fuse protects a current return line. As power return, for example, the neutral can be hedged. The hedging takes place against a peak current load. The fuse can be triggered individually or together. The fuse ensures disconnection of the corresponding line from the rest of the switching unit. Experiments have shown that suitable fuses can be ceramic casings filled with extinguishing material, provided they are DC-compatible and -hard. In addition, it is advantageous if the fuse used is flameproof. To avoid repetitive errors, the fuses should be non-reset fuses. A fuse to use is a circuit breaker fuse. A track safety device causes low costs.

The emergency power system of the emergency lighting system delivers a continuous DC voltage in a state of emergency operation. The continuous DC voltage is usually located in the at least three-digit voltage range. This means that the supply cable is designed so that it can withstand voltage so that the constant DC voltage in one state can be made available via the central supply cable up to the end circuit-forming switching units.

Furthermore, the supply cable is designed so that the emergency power system can supply AC voltage in the three-digit voltage range with an undisturbed mains supply. The corresponding dielectric strength and the refractoriness of the supply cable concentrate the probability of failure in the emergency luminaires.

In an advantageous emergency lighting system, at least one switching unit is used, which is characterized by a control input. A single switching unit has at least one control input. However, in an alternative embodiment, all switching units can also be equipped with control inputs. By means of the control input, a voltage is monitored on at least one supply line. Depending on the voltage, the lighting means is controlled, that is, depending on the voltage, the lighting means z. B. on or off. With the help of the control input so the network of the emergency lighting system can be monitored. The voltage of the supply network or the voltage in a section of the general lighting is monitored. Such a switching unit can be arranged offset from several lights. So several final circuits can be formed. Each final circuit is returned to its own backup group.

Of the switching units in the emergency lighting system, at least one switching unit is designed as a loop-through switching unit according to one embodiment. The switching unit is located in the lighting area. For this purpose, two cables lead to the switching unit. The emergency lighting system thus has a broken supply line. It is particularly advantageous if the two supply lines can be connected to the switching unit via a multi-pole input terminal and a multi-pole output terminal. In the switching unit are the input terminal and the output terminal through interconnects of a printed circuit board directly "through-connected". This results in a connection with which a spur line is to be formed behind the central supply cable. Behind each switching unit should be connected only a single consumer, which includes at least one light source. So there is one light bulb per switching unit. The number of switching units is the same as the number of consumers. Every consumer is individually controllable. The individual controllability can be realized for example by an address coding. The switching unit includes an address encoder responsive to addressed control commands.

In an advantageous emergency lighting system, both the undisturbed mains supply and the permanent DC voltage originating from a battery are galvanically isolated. In the emergency lighting system, the switching units alternately receive the energy from either the mains supply or the battery. The state change takes place in particular as a function of a supply state of the emergency lighting system. Thus, an almost permanent energy is presented at the emergency lights. Even with undisturbed mains supply, it is advantageous to provide an operating power for the lighting means and a charging power for the battery by means of the same isolation transformer available. As a result, the dangerous unilateral earth faults are switched off.

As already mentioned, the emergency lighting system is realized with an emergency power system equipped with an intermediate circuit. The intermediate circuit is connected to the secondary side of the isolation transformer. Energy is introduced into the DC link in an operating state from a battery. For this purpose, a buck converter downstream of the battery is connected to the DC link. The battery is disconnected from the DC link by the step-down converter.

In the emergency lighting system, at least one switching unit can be equipped with a coding. The switching unit due to a control command can be adjusted individually or as part of a group in their switching functions. The switching unit can assume different states.

The microcontroller controls the light. The microcontroller can advantageously also monitor the lamp. In switching operations of the microcontroller power semiconductors are driven. The power semiconductors are at higher currents to be passed through with corresponding current values in parallel to at least one relay. Thus, the power semiconductors are relieved in an ongoing state by connecting via the relay. Continuous operation takes place via the tongues of the relay.

The emergency luminaire, in particular in a state installed in an emergency lighting system, comprises the following components: a control module, a monitoring module, and a ballast for the bulb. In addition, an integrated microcontroller may be present. The ballast is there to provide the light source such as fluorescent lamp or LED electrically. Furthermore, it is advantageous if at least one component which performs a light guide is present in order to increase the luminous efficacy. A transmitter helps transmit the line-connected feedback to the emergency power system. The feedback can z. B. happen via an impedance change. Also, the feedback can be signaled via a current pulse.

Because the other components of the safety light by the overcurrent protection elements are usually safe from destruction, it is useful to arrange the overcurrent protection elements separately in the safety light. In the emergency luminaire, the overcurrent protection elements and the terminals form a remote input unit. The connection terminals are available for a cable connection. In one embodiment, the input unit is separable and replaceable mounted by the remaining components of the safety light in the emergency light. In a further embodiment, the input unit is separable from an electronic ballast and also from one or more light sources of the lamp. The entrance building unit is an independent module. It is also advantageous if the fuses of the input unit stuck in such holders that allow removal and replacement of each fuse.

Due to the double protection of the respective luminaire of a supply line of the emergency lighting system, a higher interference immunity and immunity to interference of the emergency lighting system is produced. As an occasional incident in the emergency power systems could be identified by the inventor of the present invention referred to as a hanging relay relay that leads to a fault in the section of the emergency lighting system, which is responsible for the relay. Thus, a suspended relay in the emergency power system can lead to a ground fault with the plus side of the battery. If, in such a condition, a maintenance of a luminaire is carried out in search of the cause of the fault, earth faults occasionally occur between the luminaire and the negative side of the battery. In the topology according to the invention with the lights according to the invention triggers an overcurrent protection element in the lamp. The remaining lights of Safety lighting system remains operational. A maintenance error does not lead to the breakdown of the entire section.

In a further embodiment, the switching unit take over energy limiting functions. It is disadvantageous if all bulbs of lights of the same type are switched on at the same time. This leads to uncontrollably high switch-on pulses. Thus, individual switching units can follow Einschaltmustern or time patterns. A connected consumer switches on delayed following a time pattern. Thus, the lights of the same type turn on each other with a time delay. However, the luminaires are switched on so quickly in succession that the observer does not experience a lighting band impression but a simultaneity. This means, for example, that you can work with a 50 hertz pattern. Within z. B. 20 ms, all lights of the same type are controlled via the switching units. It is also advantageous if the switch-on times are in the vicinity of the voltage zero point at an alternating voltage. Always in a range of approximately 10% of the voltage maximum around the voltage zero point (alternatively only 5%) is turned on. At the first zero point, therefore, the first group of lights of the first type. At a second zero point, the second group of lights of the second type. At a third zero point, the third group of lights of the third type, etc.

In the switching units at least one fuse should have a resistive character. For example, a fuse can be installed in a switching unit that has more than 3 ohms or more than 3.26 ohms (resistive). Thus, the maximum current is limited to 100 amperes in a fault. The emergency power system according to the invention need only be designed for peak currents of 100 amps, which allows to use internal fuses with lower pulse current load.

In the emergency lighting systems according to the invention, the operating method can be further developed such that signaling is carried out by an impedance change. The impedance change is advantageously given only at a certain time. The impedance change should only take place in a time frame. This means, for example, depending on the supply voltage or a supply voltage curve, time windows can be defined in which an impedance change may occur at all. Through an impedance change, the unit, which operates as a switching or monitoring unit, can be connected to the emergency power system in terms of information.

The displacement of the final circuit to the lights, in one embodiment, actually in the lights, the failure of a lamp does not lead to the failure of other lights on the supply cable. For example, not all identical luminaires are omitted in one embodiment.

Previously common emergency lighting systems work with a maximum of 20 lights on a single strand. The topology according to the invention, in particular with the transmission method according to the invention, makes it possible to connect up to 32 luminaires, sometimes even more, to the same supply cable. Networks are being set up, that is networks of an emergency lighting system that can supply and operate any number of luminaires with up to 32 luminaires through a single supply cable.

figure description

The present invention can be better understood by referring to the description of the figures, wherein

1 shows a schematically simplified circuit diagram based on the prior art,

2 a schematically simplified circuit diagram showing the circuit diagram after 1 further developed

3 another embodiment shows

4 shows a diagram with a transfer function on a switching unit,

5 shows a diagram with response behavior in final circuits and on intermediate circuits,

6 shows a possible electronic circuit of an integrated switching unit in a schematic representation,

7 a safety light with a switching unit and a ballast shows and

8th an embodiment of a switching unit shows.

Detailed description of the figures

Similar objects and parts have been designated in the different figures by reference numerals increased by 100. As a result, the similarity to the equivalently used parts is to be clarified in the other embodiments, wherein between equivalent parts in individual cases, slight differences in function and / or design may be given.

1 schematically shows a reduced to a few aspects and thus abstracted emergency lighting system 1 , In the emergency lighting system 1 Different final circuits are indicated. There are three lights in a final circuit 15 . 17 . 19 located. The lights 15 . 17 . 19 are realized differently. The lamp 15 is a lamp with a classic filament. The lamp 17 has an upstream switching unit. The upstream switching unit can be on a circuit board with the tiller 1' . 3 ' . 5 ' and 7 ' arranged, voltage-controlled switching relay with the switching contacts K1 be. To relieve also existing (but graphically not shown) power semiconductor bridge the contacts K1, the power terminals of the power semiconductor. The lamp 19 is a lamp with a light source that works in a gas discharge mode. The lights, like the light 15 , can be realized in a shielding, so metallic housing. The emergency lighting system 1 draws its electrical energy from an emergency power system 3 , In the emergency power system 3 is there a DC link? 5 , The DC link 5 is through a number of backups 53 . 57 . 61 separated from the final circuits. In the emergency power system 3 is there a voltage source changer 23 , The voltage source changer 23 switches between the AC voltage source 25 and a battery 21 depending on the operating status and condition of the emergency power system back and forth. Several individual lines 9 . 11 . 13 respectively. 9 ' . 11 ' . 13 ' respectively. 9 '' . 11 '' . 13 '' can become a single supply cable 7 be summarized. The supply cable 7 , which is part of the final circuit, reaches up to the lights 15 . 17 . 19 , The housing of the lights 15 . 17 . 19 are metallic. The enclosures are usually grounded. The emergency lighting system 1 corresponds to a TN network.

2 shows an emergency lighting system 101 , which is also an emergency power system 103 Has. The DC link 105 , which is a power link, extends over the emergency power system 103 out. In the actual emergency power system 103 is a voltage source changer 123 accommodated between the different voltage forms or the different voltage sources such as the battery 121 and an AC voltage source 125 can switch alternately. Just before the lights of the lights 115 . 117 . 119 are surge protection elements 171 . 173 . 175 . 177 . 179 . 181 installed in the pipes. Thus, the supply cable is sufficient 107 in which several supply lines 109 . 111 . 113 are formed, up to the overvoltage protection elements 171 . 173 . 175 . 177 . 179 . 181 , The emergency power system 103 becomes, so to speak, with its DC link 105 through the supply cable 107 or the multiple supply cables 107 beyond the physical limits of the emergency power system 103 continued. The supply cable 107 is multi-core over the supply lines 109 . 111 . 113 executed. The ground PE can have its own supply line 109 be continued. The lights 115 . 117 . 119 can be assigned to different operating phases, such as a first, second, third emergency power operation. The supply cable 107 is advantageously designed as a fire-resistant cable. Each overvoltage protection element 171 . 173 . 175 . 177 . 179 . 181 can be individually responsive to an event. With the help of fuses 155 . 157 . 159 . 161 Further final circuits can be created. The other final circuits are at the DC link 105 subsequently connected. The lights, like the light 115 , can be carried out in a separate housing, in which as in light 117 a switching unit with tiller K1, 1' . 3 ' . 5 ' . 7 ' is available.

In 3 is another embodiment of an emergency lighting system 201 shown. The emergency lighting system 201 extends over different fire sections 227 . 229 . 231 , The area 231 can be considered as a separate fire section as well as a separating barrier between a first fire section 227 and a second fire section 229 , The supply cable 207 ranges from the first fire section 227 up to the second fire section 229 , Here are any number of fire sections between the first fire section 227 and the second fire section 229 , The number of fire sections depends on the design of the building architects. The lights 215 . 217 . 219 can be equipped with one or more bulbs. The emergency power system 203 refers to the lights 215 . 217 . 219 supplied electrical energy from energy sources such as a battery 221 or an AC source 225 , Thus, the emergency power system 203 depending on the operating condition or hazardous situation between a DC voltage source such as a battery 221 or an AC source 225 switch. There are switching devices such as the voltage source changer for this purpose 223 , In individual lights 217 can use several components of the luminaire 217 to an entrance building unit 233 be summarized. The entrance building unit 233 includes overcurrent protection elements 275 . 277 , The entrance building unit 233 has input terminals 235 and output terminals 237 , Other components may be on the input unit 233 be placed. For example, a switching unit 239 also on the entrance building unit 233 be arranged. The switching unit 239 can be realized so that they first about power semiconductors energy from the emergency power system 203 receives or transmits. If a steady state is detected, then instead of the power semiconductors, the relay 241 switched to continuous operation with conductive tongues. The overcurrent protection elements 271 . 273 . 275 . 277 . 279 . 281 close the supply cable 207 in the second Brand section 229 close to home, preferably within the, lights 215 . 217 . 219 , At each final circuit several safety lights can be arranged. The overcurrent protection elements can also be assigned to the luminaires. The safety lights are designed for operation in the three-digit voltage range. All cables like the supply cable 207 are accordingly voltage-proof.

Again 3 can be seen, emergency lighting systems according to the invention 201 also be so realized that within the intermediate power circuits 205 , for example, within the emergency power system 203 , additional fuses 251 . 253 . 255 . 257 are present, provided the selectivity between the fuses 251 . 253 . 255 . 257 and the overcurrent protection elements 271 . 273 . 275 . 277 . 279 . 281 are coordinated. For this reason, overcurrent protection elements 271 . 273 . 275 . 277 . 279 . 281 used, the much faster, for example, with a factor of 3 or 5, respond than those in the intermediate circuits 205 existing backups 251 . 253 . 255 . 257 , As in 3 indicated, several similar lighting areas can be via single supply cable 207 from a centrally located emergency power system 203 be supplied. The emergency power system 203 has internally a (not shown) isolation transformer.

3 also shows the possibility that the final circuits only in a same fire section 229 be split. Final circuits are thus exclusively in a fire section 229 , All final circuits of a supply cable 207 are in the same fire compartment 229 , The as an input unit 233 realized switching unit serves as Endstromkreissplitter. It is only necessary to run a sufficiently voltage-resistant E30 cable over the fire sections up to the last fire section. The end circuit breaker is not designed to be fireproof. The firmer case of Endstromkreissplitters deleted. End circuit splitters can be installed in simpler housings. Thus, the number of final circuits per E30 type cable is increased, resulting in safety enhancement while reducing costs.

4 shows plotted over the time axis t voltage curves 500 . 501 ; they result from the difference between the potentials of both energy leaders. For this, it suffices to change the potential of a conductor, which is called "life", while the other is kept at constant potential, this is called "neutral". Due to the voltage curve applied to the input 500 switches an intervening switching unit (in 4 not shown), such as the switching unit 233 to 3 when appropriate control signals arrive at it. The voltage curve is plotted on an amplitude axis with the amplitude A. The amplitude A gives the current voltage value of the voltage curve 500 again. For example, the switching unit switches to a form of voltage waveform interpreted as a bit sequence. A blanked or dark-sampled half-wave is interpreted as a bit of information. Accordingly, an existing half wave or transmitted half wave is interpreted as the bit with the exact opposite information. Will the voltage curve 500 considered, there are at least two or even four bit changes 502 . 504 . 506 . 508 in the bitstream 510 to see. Depending on the setting, especially on switches of a microprocessor after 6 , a half-wave means a bit with the information 1. A missing half-wave means a bit with the information 0. The meaning can also be reversed by means of switches. The bitstream 510 has in the period t ₁ to t _12, the bit sequence 1,100,111,100,111th Only if the expected bit sequence has been received error-free to the switching unit after optional error correction in accordance with this selected information assignment of the half-waves, the switching unit switches the applied AC voltage by on their output side. Connected lighting devices only then turn on or they only light up after the bit sequence has been received. In the time t ₁ to t ₂ , the second half of the first half-wave and the rising half of the second half-wave can be seen. At the times t ₃ and t ₄ no half-wave is present. The switching unit works time-synchronized. The switching unit scans the voltage actually applied at regular intervals. The switching unit is not interested in the voltage curve. The switching unit considers the absolute value of the voltage. At the times t ₅ , t ₆ , t ₇ and t ₈ , the switching unit detects the presence of a half-wave on the basis of its peak value. At the times t ₉ and t ₁₀ , the absence of a half-wave is expected to be realized. Only when no voltage is applied at the time t ₁₂ , that is, the AC voltage is in the voltage zero crossing, the switching unit switches. At time t ₁₁ , the transmitted bit can be detected. The last two bits are not of interest to the switching unit with respect to the information. They are taken into account for the synchronization of the zero crossings. This can ensure that even with fluctuating mains frequencies is actually switched to zero. The illustrated AC voltage is present in an emergency lighting system in a regular and partially in a first emergency operating state.

5 also shows how in 4 , electrical parameters over a time axis t. There are plotted in their temporal relationships three curves, the value of which can be read as a function of the time t at the amplitude A. The two upper curves are the DC voltage 512 , which is present on the input side of a switching unit, and the (multiple superimposed shown) DC voltages 514 . 514 ' . 514 '' . 514 ''' in different final circuits. The switching units (not shown) are configured such that after a certain time t, the first switching unit switches and the DC voltage 512 on the final circuit as DC voltage 514 is applied. Another switching unit is programmed so that some time t ₁₃ later, only the DC voltage 512 turns on. Other switching units are designed to wait a multiple of the time t ₁₃ for the DC voltage 512 as a delayed DC voltage 514 '' and significantly delayed DC voltage 514 ''' turn on. Several switching units are identical to each other, especially with regard to the response. Switching units of the same type can be grouped together. This means that not all final circuits, especially in emergency mode, are simultaneously switched to the emergency power system. The inrush currents are thus reduced. Final circuits with a higher priority receive the first DC voltage 514 , Final circuits with the lowest priority receive a significantly delayed DC voltage 514 ''' , After a certain time t all DC voltages 514 . 514 ' . 514 '' . 514 ''' abutment, of course, even more different DC voltages, z. B. seven, eight or nine different DC voltages that may be present in an emergency lighting system, monitoring pulses 520 . 522 . 524 . 526 . 528 . 530 returned. The monitoring pulses 520 . 522 . 524 . 526 . 528 . 530 can be caused by an impedance modulation. Due to a fixed time window, the emergency power system can detect whether all current pulses, the monitoring pulses 520 to 530 represent, have been transmitted. After a first time t and a second time t, the two first current pulses are indeed monitoring pulses 520 . 522 been transmitted, but the third current pulse is missing. After a time allowed for the third current pulse, the fourth current pulse arrives. Thus, there is indeed the monitoring pulse 526 , but the monitoring pulse 524 does not come at the expected time t. The pulse train 516 thus reflects the functionality of the final circuits behind the switching units. Thus, the emergency power system, such as the emergency power system knows 203 whether all final circuits beyond the supply cable are functional. The DC voltage is in an emergency operation of the emergency lighting system, z. B. after 2 , available.

6 shows a switching unit 600 , The switching unit 600 has at least two integrated semiconductors IC1, IC2. Of the integrated semiconductors IC1, IC2, one of the integrated semiconductors IC2 is a small microprocessor. The other integrated semiconductor IC1 is used as a voltage source with other components such as the capacitor C3, the diode D1, the coil L1 and the capacitor C4, in particular in the form of a buck converter. The capacitor C3 serves as an electrical supply source of the buck converter. The lamps of the lamp are either LEDs LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6 or on separate terminals X5-1, X5-2 to be connected bulbs such as one or more LEDs on a separate circuit board or a low-voltage bulb. The voltage present at the input with terminals X4-1, X4-2 is looped through directly on output terminals X3-1, X3-2. By means of the selector switch S3, an address coding can be set, which the microprocessor recognizes in the form of the semiconductor IC1. For this purpose, the microprocessor has selected ports RA0, RA1, RA2, RA5. Via the MOSFET M1, the microprocessor can report monitoring impulses by means of an impedance change. MOSFET M1 is connected to a suitable PIN or port such as port RC3 of the microprocessor; M1 and IC1 form a transmitter. The microprocessor monitors voltages and possibly also currents with voltage dividers R6, R9 and R8, R12; where R6 and R9 adapt the control signals encoded in the potential changes to the microcontroller. A third integrated semiconductor stabilizes the supply voltage of electronic components such as IC2 and IC1. R1 and R3 are fuses of resistive character. D4 and C2 together form a rectifier element. The type of use can be set via switches S2-2 and S2-1. For example, the switching delay for the change from AC voltage to DC voltage can be set via the switches. Also, in an alternative embodiment or an additional embodiment based on the switch S2-2 and S2-1 determine whether it is a permanent light or a standby light or a switched ready light people or a Rettungszeichenleuchte. The optocoupler U1 decouples the buck converter from the consumer side of lamps such as the LEDs LED1 to LED6. If a light source LED1 to LED6 causes an interruption in the serial current flow, it is fed back to the buck converter with the integrated semiconductor IC1. With the symbols + 5V, VDD and GND - as usual - the voltages are indicated. Further ports in the semiconductor IC2 are the ports RA3, RA4, RC0, RC1, RC2, RC3, RC4 and RC5. The ports of the IC2 are connected as interfaces. The microcontroller is voltage stabilized by the capacitor C6. The other functions and connections between the modules are shown in the circuit diagram for an electrician.

7 shows a safety light 700 with a fluorescent lamp 702 between corresponding brackets 704 . 706 is arranged. With a light-absorbing part 708 like a photosensor is the functionality of the lamp, the fluorescent lamp 702 , supervised. This is the light-receiving part 708 at a switching unit 710 connected. In the safety light 700 is an electronic ballast (electronic ballast) 712 available. The housing 714 is metallic for shielding purposes. The cables 720 . 722 . 724 . 726 . 728 . 730 . 732 . 734 can in case of a fault, so a short circuit to, usually grounded, housing 714 , Faults in the safety light 700 generate applied voltage. The fault of the safety light 700 must be kept out of the nets. An error of a safety light 700 has no influence on safety lighting systems 2 or 3 , The photosensor performs a light measurement. With the help of the photosensor, a difference value measurement can be carried out, which can take place, for example, in a microprocessor. On the basis of a change in brightness over a certain period of time, for example when switching on the illuminant, such as when switching over or connecting to the test mode, the functionality or even the functional reliability can be checked or increased. In place of a fluorescent lamp 702 or in addition to a fluorescent lamp 702 can also have one or more LEDs in the emergency light 700 be present as a light source.

In 8th becomes a section of a switching group 800 shown, which can be connected between terminals X1-1, X1-3, X1-2 and X1-4. Via the optocoupler OK1, a control signal is given to the triac T1 for ignition. The triac can be bridged in continuous operation via the relay terminals K1. The resistor R5 is a current sense resistor. The switching group 800 Can handle various tasks in an emergency lighting system 101 . 201 after the 2 and 3 be used. With the switching group 800 a circuit, such as a final circuit, can be switched off. There is an interruption of the power supply. For this purpose, the switching group 800 in a switching unit 710 to 7 integrated. Likewise, the switching group 800 also detect the functionality of a bulb. The switching group 800 can also be used in the same way to generate voltage curves 500 be used to control the switching units; the response is detected by means of resistor R5. Depending on the design, the fuses may be located before or after the switching group.

The circuits and arrangements of the 2 to 8th can be combined with each other in a variety of ways to a larger system and also modify.

Among other things, the use of overcurrent protection elements just in front of the lighting means and the shorter design of end circuits has created a topology that is more fail-safe. A safety light can no longer lead to the collapse of the lighting of similar lighting means, especially in mixed operation, the entire fire section. Furthermore, a dedicated and dedicated single luminaire monitoring (in particular by the addressing capability of the switching units) is possible, although it is a centralized supply network. Another advantage is the fact that significantly less installation material must be installed. Only the E30 supply cable must be installed. The installation times on a construction site are shortened.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

 emergency lighting system

1'

 Pin of a circuit board

3

 emergency power plant

3 '

 Pin of a circuit board

5

 DC

5 '

 Pin of a circuit board

7

 power cable

7 '

 Pin of a circuit board

9, 9 ', 9' '

 supply line

11, 11 ', 11' '

 supply line

13, 13 ', 13' '

 supply line

15

 first light

17

 second light

19

 third light

21

 battery

23

 Voltage source changer

25

 AC voltage source

51

 first backup

53

 second fuse

55

 third backup

57

 fourth fuse

59

 fifth fuse

61

 sixth fuse

101

 emergency lighting system

103

 emergency power plant

105

 DC

107

 power cable

109

 supply line

111

 supply line

113

 supply line

115

 first light

117

 second light

119

 third light

121

 battery

123

 Voltage source changer

125

 AC voltage source

155

 fuse

157

 fuse

159

 fuse

161

 fuse

171

 Snubber

173

 Snubber

175

 Snubber

177

 Snubber

179

 Snubber

181

 Snubber

201

 emergency lighting system

203

 emergency power plant

205

 Current intermediate circuit

207

 power cable

215

 first light

217

 second light

219

 third light

221

 battery

223

 Voltage source changer

225

 AC voltage source

227

 first fire section

229

 second fire section

231

 third fire section

233

 Eingangsbaueinheit

235

 input terminal

237

 output terminal

239

 switching unit

241

 relay

251

 first backup

253

 second fuse

255

 third backup

257

 fourth fuse

259

 fifth fuse

261

 sixth fuse

271

 first overcurrent protection element

273

 second overcurrent protection element

275

 third overcurrent protection element

277

 fourth overcurrent protection element

279

 fifth overcurrent protection element

281

 sixth overcurrent protection element

500, 501

 voltage curves

502, 504, 506, 508

 Bit change

510

 bitstream

512, 514, 514 ', 514' ', 514' ''

 DC

516

 pulse train

520, 522, 524, 526, 528, 530

 monitoring impulse

600

 switching unit

700

 security Lights

702

 Fluorescent Lamp

704, 706

 brackets

708

 light-absorbing part

710

 switching unit

712

 electronic ballast (electronic ballast)

714

 casing

720, 722, 724, 726, 728, 730, 732, 734

 electric wire

800

 switching group

A

 amplitude

IC1, IC2

 semiconductor

C2, C3, C4, C6

 capacitor

D1, D4

 diode

L1

 Kitchen sink

X1-1, X2-2, X3-3, X4-4, X3-1, X3-2, X4-1, X4-2, X5-1, X5-2

 jam

RA0, RA1, RA2, RA5

 ports

M1

 MOSFET

R2, R5, R6, R7, R9, R8, R12

 resistors

R1, R3

 fuse

S2-2, S2-1

 switch

S3

 selector

U1

 optocoupler

LED1-led6

 Illuminants, in particular LEDs

K1

 Contacts, in particular switching contacts of a relay

G1

 Housing, in particular metal housing

t

 Time

t1

 first time

t2

 second time

t3

 third time

t4

 fourth time

t5

 fifth time

t6

 sixth time

t7

 seventh time

t8

 eighth time

t9

 ninth time

t10

 tenth time

t11

 eleventh time

t12

 twelfth time

OK1

 optocoupler

T1

 triac

Claims (26)

Supply-line emergency lighting system ( 101 . 201 ), which spread over at least two fire compartments ( 227 . 229 . 231 ) of a building, whereby a centrally arranged emergency power system ( 103 . 203 ) in a first fire section ( 227 ) and a lighting area in a second fire compartment ( 229 ) is arranged its energetic connection, via which also control commands ( 510 . 520 . 522 . 524 . 526 . 528 . 530 ), via a single central supply cable ( 107 . 207 ), wherein the supply cable ( 107 . 207 ) is at least partially composed of a refractory cable, and wherein end circuit forming ( 275 . 277 ) Switching units ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) in the fire compartment ( 229 ), which are provided with overcurrent protection elements ( 271 . 273 . 275 . 277 . 279 . 281 ) equipped for lighting means (LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6, 702 ) are designed in mixed operation, and wherein the end circuit forming switching units ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) as separating modules between the central supply cable ( 107 . 207 ) and to the switching units ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) to be connected lighting means (LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6, 702 ) and the end circuit forming switching units ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) each with a microcontroller (IC2) and a module for a wired feedback on a situation of at least one component, one of the switching units ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) or one of the illumination means (LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6, 702 ), to the emergency power system ( 103 . 203 ), wherein a switching unit ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) time synchronized scans an applied voltage and the microcontroller (IC2) processed a measurement result on the situation and then in the form of feedback to the centrally located emergency power system ( 103 . 203 ) reports. Emergency lighting system ( 101 . 201 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the emergency lighting system ( 101 . 201 ) with lights ( 115 . 117 . 119 . 215 . 217 . 219 . 700 ) of different operating phases ( 500 . 501 ) and with a central battery system or as a group battery system centrally arranged emergency power system ( 103 . 203 ) Is provided. Emergency lighting system ( 101 . 201 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the end circuit-forming switching units ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) at least one illumination means (LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6, 702 ) can alternately switch between at least two states. Emergency lighting system ( 101 . 201 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in each case a switching unit ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) and in each case at least one illumination means (LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6, 702 ) together with a housing ( 714 ), which are a luminaire ( 700 ) form. Emergency lighting system ( 101 . 201 ) according to claim 4, characterized in that between switching unit ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) and lighting means (LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6, 702 ) an electronic ballast ( 712 ) is interposed. Emergency lighting system ( 101 . 201 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching units ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) at least two fuses (R1, R3, 171 . 173 . 175 . 177 . 179 . 181 . 275 . 277 . 279 . 281 ) comprising a supply line ( 109 . 111 ) and a current return line ( 111 . 109 ) can be triggered individually against a peak current load. Emergency lighting system ( 101 . 201 ) according to claim 6, characterized in that the fuses (R1, R3, 171 . 173 . 175 . 177 . 179 . 181 . 275 . 277 . 279 . 281 ) are DC-compatible and pulse-resistant fuses. Emergency lighting system ( 101 . 201 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the emergency power system ( 103 . 203 ) in a state of an emergency operation, a continuous DC voltage ( 512 ) in at least three-digit voltage range via the central supply cable ( 107 . 207 ) to the end circuit forming switching units ( 239 . 600 . 710 ). Emergency lighting system ( 101 . 201 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a single switching unit ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) has at least one control input (R6, R9, RC2). Emergency lighting system ( 101 . 201 ) according to claim 9, characterized in that with the control input (R6, R9, RC2) a voltage ( 520 . 522 . 524 . 526 . 528 . 530 ) on at least one supply line ( 109 . 209 ) is monitored and depending on the voltage, the switching unit ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) the illumination means (LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6, 702 ) controls. Emergency lighting system ( 101 . 201 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one switching unit ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) as a looping switching unit in the lighting area two cables together so that a stub behind the central supply cable ( 107 . 207 ). Emergency lighting system ( 101 . 201 ) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on each switching unit ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) only a single consumer who has at least one lighting means (LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6, 702 ) is connected. Emergency lighting system ( 101 . 201 ) according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that both an undisturbed mains supply ( 125 . 225 ) as well as from a battery ( 121 . 221 ) continuous DC voltage ( 512 ) galvanically isolated in the emergency lighting system ( 101 . 201 ) at the switching units ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) is offered alternately. Emergency lighting system ( 101 . 201 ) according to claim 13, characterized in that when undisturbed mains supply ( 125 . 225 ) an operating power for the lighting means (LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6, 702 ) and a charging energy for the battery ( 121 . 221 ) is provided by means of a same isolation transformer. Emergency lighting system ( 101 . 201 ) according to claim 14, characterized in that the emergency power system ( 103 . 203 ) with an intermediate circuit ( 105 . 205 ) is fitted, to which a secondary side of the isolation transformer is connected and to which a downstream of the battery buck converter is connected. Emergency lighting system ( 101 . 201 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one switching unit ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) is equipped with an encoding (S3, IC2), so that the switching unit ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) due to a control command ( 520 . 522 . 524 . 526 . 528 . 530 ) is adjustable individually or as part of a group in its switching functions. Emergency lighting system ( 101 . 201 ) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the module one for the emergency power system ( 103 . 203 ) offers certain fault message temporarily. Emergency lighting system ( 101 . 201 ) according to one of the preceding claims 2 to 17, characterized in that the microcontroller (IC2) the lamp ( 700 ) controls and monitors, wherein in switching operations of the microcontroller (IC2) power semiconductor (T1), which are parallel to at least one relay (K1), are controlled. Emergency lighting system ( 101 . 201 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a control of switching units ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) by a power line-based control method that makes a potential change on at least one of two lines ( 109 . 111 . 209 . 211 ), a switching function in the switching unit ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) or in the emergency power system ( 103 . 203 ) of the emergency lighting system ( 101 . 201 ). Emergency lighting system ( 101 . 201 ) according to claim 19, characterized in that a signaling of the switching and / or a monitoring unit ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) by impedance change. Emergency lighting system ( 101 . 201 ) according to claim 20, characterized in that the impedance change in a time grid, which by a supply voltage curve ( 512 . 514 ) is established. Switching unit ( 239 . 600 . 710 ), which serves as a disconnecting module between a central supply cable ( 107 . 207 ) and to the switching unit ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) to be connected lighting means (LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, LED5, LED6, 702 ) is to be arranged, characterized in that the equipped with a microcontroller (IC2) switching unit ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) with two end-circuit-forming overcurrent protection elements ( 171 . 173 . 175 . 177 . 179 . 181 . 271 . 273 . 275 . 277 . 279 . 281 , R1, R3) is equipped on the input side, the DC voltage and pulse-resistant double ground faults intercept by melt-like line interruption, and that the switching unit ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) with a module for a supply-line-based feedback on a situation of at least one component to an emergency power system to be connected ( 103 . 203 ), the switching unit ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) synchronously scans an applied voltage and the microcontroller (IC2) processes a measurement result about the situation and then in the form of the feedback to the central emergency power system ( 103 . 203 ) reports. Switching unit ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) according to claim 22, characterized in that the switching unit ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) delayed a consumer to be connected, a time sample ( 514 . 514 ' . 514 '' . 514 ''' ) turns on. Switching unit ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the switching unit ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) for use in an emergency lighting system ( 101 . 201 ) is determined according to one of claims 1 to 21. Switching unit ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) according to claim 22, 23 or 24, characterized in that the switching unit ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) is a one-piece assembly having a monitoring unit ( 708 , IC2) and a ballast ( 712 ). Switching unit ( 239 . 600 . 710 ) according to claim 25, characterized in that at least one of the overcurrent protection elements ( 171 . 173 . 175 . 177 . 179 . 181 . 271 . 273 . 275 . 277 . 279 . 281 , R1, R3) has a resistive character.

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