DE102009020506A1 - Drive, has sensor form-fittingly connected with stator along circumferential direction of stator package, so that relative angular position is determined between sensor and stator winding - Google Patents

Abstract

The drive has a recording unit for recording an angular position of rotors (4) of electric motors. A stator includes a stator package (5) with a stator winding. A rototably connected transducer is provided on the rotor, and a sensor (1) is form-fittingly connected with the stator along a circumferential direction of the package, so that relative angular position is determined between the sensor and stator winding. The angular position is detected between the transducer and the sensor, where the transducer is designed as a permanent magnet (3). An independent claim is also included for a method for manufacturing a drive.

Description

The invention relates to a drive and a method for producing a drive.

It is generally known to attach an angle sensor to the rotor of an electric motor for detecting the angular position of the rotor.

The invention is therefore the object of developing an electric motor with improved angle detection in a compact manner.

According to the invention the object is achieved in the drive according to the features specified in claim 1 and in the method according to the features specified in claim 10.

Important features of the invention in the drive with an arrangement for detecting the angular position of a rotor of an electric motor are that the motor comprises a stator, in particular comprising a stator laminated core with stator winding, and a rotor,
wherein a rotatably connected encoder is provided on the rotor,
wherein the angular position between the sensor and the sensor is detectable by a sensor connected to the stator,
wherein the sensor with the stator, in particular stator lamination stack is positively connected at least in the circumferential direction, in particular so that the relative angular position between the sensor and the stator winding is clearly defined.

The advantage here is that a calibration during commissioning is eliminated and there are no additional components for identifying the angular position necessary. Thus, a compact drive can be realized and a quick and easy commissioning achieved.

In an advantageous embodiment, the encoder is a permanent magnet. The advantage here is that a fail-safe, so low-error angle detection is executable.

In an advantageous embodiment of the sensor is mounted on a circuit board, in particular fixed and / or materially connected, in particular wherein the connecting feet of the sensor are guided by recesses of the circuit board. The advantage here is that a simple determination of the relative angular position can be achieved.

In an advantageous embodiment, the circuit board is positively connected in the circumferential direction with a housing part of the motor. The advantage here is that the angular position of the sensor is easy and quick to fix.

In an advantageous embodiment, the housing part of the motor is at least in the circumferential direction positively connected to the stator, in particular stator lamination and / or stator winding connected. The advantage here is that a relative orientation is made possible in a simple manner.

In an advantageous embodiment, the encoder is positively connected to the rotor. The advantage here is that the relative position of the encoder to the active rotor part in the manufacture of the rotor can be fixed.

In an advantageous embodiment of the encoder is in its manufacture or connection to the rotor in a known angular position to the active rotor part, in particular permanent magnets set. The advantage here is that the determination is permanently produced and in a simple manner.

In an advantageous embodiment, the angle sensor has a Hall sensor or another magnetic field detecting sensor. The advantage here is that simple inexpensive sensors can be used.

In an advantageous embodiment, the control electronics are connected to means for current detection and with the angle sensor. The advantage here is that important features in the method for producing a drive, that the sensor is materially connected to a circuit board, the relative position of the sensor to the circuit board by means of the layout is clearly specified,
wherein the printed circuit board is connected in a form-fitting manner to the housing part at least in the circumferential direction,
wherein the stator lamination stack is connected in a form-fitting manner to the housing part in the circumferential direction,
wherein the encoder is fixedly connected to the rotor, wherein a predetermined angular alignment between encoder and active is maintained.

The advantage here is that in the production of the relative angular position can be achieved in a simple and cost-effective manner. Thus, the calibration is dispensable. In addition, a compact engine can be produced.

In an advantageous embodiment, the transmitter is generated by magnetization of a magnetizable region, in particular ferrite, on the rotor. The advantage here is that the determination of the relative angular position is particularly simple and inexpensive fixable.

In an advantageous embodiment of the active rotor part permanent magnets, which are arranged one after the other in the circumferential direction and whose magnetization is provided alternately in the radial direction. The advantage here is that the Motor can be executed as a synchronous motor. Instead of the permanent magnets and a field winding is providable, so that the synchronous motor can be executed as a third-excited synchronous motor.

In an advantageous embodiment, the active rotor part comprises a short-circuit cage, in particular in a different area from the axial region of the permanent magnets. The advantage here is that a start of the engine at relatively high-frequency rotary field with higher torque can be achieved, especially at a frequency of the rotating field equal to the frequency of the public supply network.

In an advantageous embodiment, the control electronics are supplied with detected values of the motor current and detected angle values, the electric motor, in particular its stator winding, being fed by an inverter whose switches are controlled by an electronic control unit, so that stator flux space vector can be predetermined.
wherein sensor signals of an angle sensor for detecting the angular position of the rotor of the electric motor are fed to the control electronics,
wherein the detected by the angle sensor values are transmitted as actual values for angular position of the rotor to a control unit of the control electronics. The advantage here is that the engine is operable as a speed-controlled drive or target curves of angular positions can be approached.

In an advantageous embodiment of the motor current is detected, in particular wherein a motor power space pointer is formed, and the control electronics is supplied, in particular in normal operation or in regulated operation, for control to a desired space pointer, the motor voltage is provided by the inverter, the controllable switch of the Control electronics receive corresponding pulse width modulated drive signals.

In addition, the motor with integrated angle sensor is very compact executable, since only a permanent magnet is provided in a screw which is to be screwed into an axial end portion of the rotor of the motor.

In an advantageous embodiment of the motor current is detected, in particular wherein a motor power space pointer is formed, and the control electronics is supplied, in particular in normal operation or in regulated operation, for control to a desired space pointer, the motor voltage is provided by the inverter, the controllable switch of the Control electronics receive corresponding pulse width modulated drive signals. The advantage here is that a converter for feeding the electric motor can be used in a simple manner.

Important features in the drive are also that the electric motor and inverter comprises an angle sensor having a Hall sensor. The advantage here is that the angle sensor can be produced in a simple and cost-effective manner.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to figures:

In the 1 a device according to the invention is shown schematically.

It is at the axial end of a rotor 4 an electric motor is a permanent magnet 3 attached. Preferably, the permanent magnet 3 For this purpose embedded in a head of a screw and rotatably connected to this. The screw is screw-connected in a threaded bore coaxial with the rotor axis. The magnetization direction of the permanent magnet 3 is provided in the radial direction, that is perpendicular to the rotor axis.

Axially opposite is a printed circuit board 2 on which at least one sensor 1 and an electronic evaluation circuit, the sensor signals are supplied, are arranged. Preferably, at least one Hall sensor is used as the sensor. By means of the sensor is a detection of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet and thus the angular position of the rotor 4 executable.

The electric motor is preferably designed as a synchronous motor, wherein permanent magnets are provided on the rotor as the active rotor part, which are alternately magnetized alternately in the circumferential direction in each case in the radial direction. The stator of the electric motor, comprising a stator winding, which is mounted on a laminated stator core, is preferably designed with a three-phase winding, so that a rotating field can be generated. The rotor follows the rotating field exactly to small angular deviations exactly, especially with no load. Instead of such a synchronous motor, however, it is also possible to use a separately excited synchronous machine, in which a rotor laminated core is arranged on the rotor, around whose radially oriented, circumferentially successive teeth a field winding is provided. Preferably, the teeth are arranged in the circumferential direction at an equidistant distance from each other.

In the normal operation after commissioning, an angle value is again determined at any time by means of the sensor. The corrected angle value of the electronic control unit of the inverter feeding the electric motor fed as a feedback variable. Preferably, the rotational speed of the rotor is determined from these angle values and fed to a provided in the control electronics speed controller as an actual value.

The sensor, preferably a Hall sensor or other equivalent usable magnetic field sensor, is mounted on the printed circuit board. Thus, his is to the circuit board 2 Relative position and orientation determined clearly and with low tolerances, since the assembly is determined by the layout of the circuit board.

As the circuit board on the housing part 7 or attached to this fixedly connected housing part, in particular screw-connected, is also the housing part 7 relative orientation and position of the circuit board 1 established. In this case, preferably recesses and / or holes in the circuit board 2 provided with recesses or threaded holes in the housing part 7 or correspond to a firmly connected to this housing part. When passing and screwing in fastening screws then the relative position and orientation of the circuit board to the housing part is clearly defined.

Likewise, the stator lamination is 5 at least in the circumferential direction positively connected to the housing part 7 , Thus, the relative angular position of the stator lamination stack is clearly defined. The form-fitting connection in the circumferential direction can preferably be produced by virtue of the fact that the stator lamination stack has a groove or recess extending axially on the surface of the stator lamination stack, which can be inserted into a spring region which is shaped correspondingly on the housing part and directed towards the laminated stator core.

Thus, therefore, the circuit board 2 with the laminated stator core 5 indirectly or directly positively connected at least in the circumferential direction.

The recess on the stator lamination stack can be executed, for example, as a notch. The laminated stator core is preferably press-connected to the housing part, wherein shrink-fitting is additionally possible. The temperature difference is increased before the press connection and then carried out.

The active rotor part 6 and the rotor 4 are connected to each other in a rotationally fixed manner.

It is therefore important that the relative angular orientation of the sensor is fixed to the stator lamination by circumferentially positive connection or connections.

Likewise, the relative angular position of the attached at the axial end portion of the permanent magnet 3 to the active rotor part, in particular to the local permanent magnets, clearly defined.

The specification of the rotating field is carried out by specifying a Motorstromraumze that causes a corresponding Statorflussraumzeiger. In the case of a three-phase winding used as a stator winding, the phase currents, that is to say the currents in the three windings of the stator, are predetermined such that the associated motor current space vector has the desired angular position. For this purpose, the motor is preferably fed by an inverter whose output voltage is set and whose output currents, ie phase currents, are determined and regulated by setting the output voltage to the desired value.

In further embodiments of the invention is instead of the permanent magnet 3 Also, a magnetizable region at the axial end portion of the rotor vorsehbar, which is magnetized after manufacture of the rotor. In this case, the relative angular position between the magnetization direction and the active rotor part, in particular to the local permanent magnet, clearly defined.

Advantageously, so no measurement of the arrangement before starting the operation is necessary. Because the relative angular positions can be stored in a memory of the control electronics and thus considered in the determination of the angle of the rotor.

In further embodiments of the invention, the relative position between the sensor 1 and stator lamination set by means of centering pins instead of the screws described above.

In further embodiments of the invention, the principle is applied to other angle sensors in the same way. For example, the principle is applicable to capacitive, optical or resolver angle sensors.

In this case, the sensor which detects the physical field variable is always fixed in its relative position to the stator lamination stack. The source of the field size is provided on the rotor such that, in turn, its angular position is fixed relative to the active rotor part of the rotor.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

sensor

2

circuit board

3

permanent magnet

4

rotor

5

stator lamination

6

active rotor part

7

Motor housing part

Claims (15)

Drive having an arrangement for detecting the angular position of a rotor of an electric motor, wherein the motor comprises a stator, in particular comprising a stator lamination with stator winding, and a rotor, wherein on the rotor a rotatably connected encoder is provided, wherein from a sensor connected to the stator Angular position between the encoder and sensor is detectable, characterized in that the sensor with the stator, in particular stator lamination, at least in the circumferential direction is positively connected, in particular so that the relative angular position between the sensor and stator winding is clearly defined. Drive according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the encoder is a permanent magnet. Drive according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor is mounted on a printed circuit board, in particular fixed and / or materially connected, in particular wherein connecting feet of the sensor are guided by recesses of the printed circuit board. Drive according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the circuit board is connected in the circumferential direction form-fitting manner with a housing part of the motor. Drive according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing part of the motor, at least in the circumferential direction is positively connected to the stator, in particular stator lamination and / or stator winding connected. Drive according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the encoder is positively connected to the rotor. Drive according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the encoder is set in its manufacture or connection to the rotor in a known angular position to the active rotor part, in particular permanent magnets. Drive according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the angle sensor comprises a Hall sensor or another magnetic field detecting sensor and / or that the control electronics are connected to means for current detection and to the angle sensor. Method for producing a drive, in particular according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor is materially connected to a printed circuit board, whereby the relative position of the sensor to the printed circuit board is clearly specified by means of the layout, wherein the printed circuit board is connected in a form-fitting manner to the housing part at least in the circumferential direction, wherein the stator lamination stack is connected in a form-fitting manner to the housing part in the circumferential direction, wherein the encoder is fixedly connected to the rotor, wherein a predetermined angular alignment between encoder and active is maintained. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transmitter is generated by magnetization of a magnetizable region, in particular ferrite, on the rotor. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the active rotor part comprises permanent magnets which are arranged one after the other in the circumferential direction and whose magnetization is provided alternately in the radial direction, and / or a field winding, in particular for performing the operation as a separately excited synchronous motor. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the active rotor part comprises a short-circuit cage, in particular in a different area from the axial region of the permanent magnets. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control electronics detected value of the motor current and detected angle values are supplied. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electric motor, in particular its stator winding, is powered by an inverter whose switches are controlled by control electronics, so that Statorflussraumzeiger can be specified, wherein sensor signals of an angle sensor for detecting the angular position of the rotor the electric motor are supplied to the control electronics, wherein the values detected by the angle sensor are transmitted as actual values for angular position of the rotor to a control unit of the control electronics. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the motor current is detected, in particular wherein a motor current space pointer is formed, and the control electronics is supplied, in particular in normal operation or in controlled operation, for control to a target room pointer out, the motor voltage from the inverter is provided, the controllable switch obtained by the control electronics according to pulse width modulated drive signals.

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