DE102009010149B4 - Mokume layer block and jewelry made from it, ornament or ornament - Google Patents

Abstract

Mokume layer block for decorative purposes, ornaments or embellishments, comprising at least a first layer of a first alloy and at least a second layer of a second alloy, wherein - the first alloy 40 to 80 wt .-% gold, 1 to 40 wt .-% Silver, 0 to 15 wt .-% copper, 0 to 15 wt .-% palladium and optionally further alloying additives, or 330-750 parts gold, otherwise copper and possibly some silver, or 585-750 parts gold 125-300 Parts of silver, 115-125 parts of copper, 100-180 parts of palladium, and / or minor amounts of additional metals, or 700-950 parts of platinum and 300-50 parts of iridium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and palladium, copper, cobalt or tungsten, or 500-999 parts of palladium and 500-1 part of silver, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and palladium, copper, cobalt or tungsten, and, and - the second alloy 200-300 parts gold and 800-700 parts silver, and optionally between 30 and 70 parts copper, 0 to 50 parts aluminum, 0 to 20 parts 0 to 30 parts of gallium, 0 to 30 parts of indium, 0 to 50 parts of silicon, 0 to 30 parts of tin and / or 0 to 30 parts of zinc.

Description

Area

Here a mokume shift block is presented. Such layer blocks can be made of thin non-ferrous metal sheets of different colors, such as platinum, gold, palladium, silver, copper and their alloys.

background

Mokume-gane ("wood grain in metal") describes the processing of multi-colored layered non-ferrous metals, creating patterns reminiscent of tree bark or animal skins. Originally, this technique was used to manufacture vessels and equipment as well as sword fittings and ornaments.

The C. Hafner GmbH + Co. KG gold and silver refinery in 75173 Pforzheim, Germany, offers a Mokume-Gane module AU 585 RG / Pd 500 Ag 935, which consists of 4 layers of pink gold sheet, 8 layers of palladium alloy and 3 layers of silver alloy about 0.5 mm thick sheets has. According to the manufacturer, this module has a very critical processing behavior and is only recommended for very experienced goldsmiths. Incidentally, this module is very expensive.

US 4,354,301 discloses a method for producing metal plates having a stripe structure, wherein a plurality of metal layers of different colors are stacked and joined together.

US 2007/0175857 A1 discloses a method of treating metal surfaces of titanium, stainless steel or carbon steel for decorative purposes.

US 4,927,070 discloses a method for making multi-layer composites using layers of different colors.

Underlying problem

Accordingly, the object of providing a mokume layer block which enables the production of mosaic and cross damask and other patterns or ornaments, for example eye patterns, moreover exhibits a distinct color contrast between the individual layers or layers, accompanied by good mechanical workability.

solution

For this purpose, a Mokume layer block is proposed, in particular for decorative purposes, with at least one first layer of a first alloy and at least one second layer of a second alloy. The first alloy contains pink gold white gold, yellow gold, palladium or platinum, and the second alloy contains 200-300 parts gold and 800-700 parts silver, between 30 and 70 parts copper, and small amounts of additional metals such as platinum, aluminum, gallium, Indium, silicon, tin and / or zinc.

The second alloy has a different, preferably lower, melting point than the first alloy. It is therefore very easy to weld with the first alloy. This allows the production of mosaic and cross damask and other patterns or ornaments. In addition, the second alloy has a clear color contrast to the first alloy. Furthermore, it has a good mechanical workability. Surprisingly, it has been found that the presented Mokume layer block forms a very easily processable, ductile and high-color starting material for attractive and individual jewelry as well as ornaments and ornaments.

In addition, rhodium plating is no longer necessary.

By parts of the metals are meant parts by weight, wherein the individual parts are to be dimensioned so that the sum of all (weight) parts of an alloy 1000 results.

The second alloy has 250 parts gold (Au) and 750 parts silver (Ag). The second alloy may also have 700 parts silver (Ag) and 300 parts gold (Au). However, the second alloy can also contain between 600 parts silver (Ag) and 800 parts silver (Ag), and more than 400 parts gold (Au) and less than 200 parts gold (Au), and between 5 and 80 parts copper (Cu) to have.

The first alloy can be 0 to 50 parts copper (Cu), 0 to 50 parts aluminum (Al), 0 to 30 parts gallium (Ga), 0 to 30 parts indium (In), 0 to 50 parts silicon (Si), 0 to 30 parts of tin (Sn) and / or 0 to 30 parts of zinc (Zn). The second alloy can be 0 to 50 parts aluminum (Al), 0 to 20 parts platinum (Pt), 0 to 30 parts gallium (Ga), 0 to 30 parts indium (In), 0 to 50 parts silicon (Si), 0 to 30 parts of tin (Sn) and / or 0 to 30 parts of zinc (Zn).

The layers of the Mokume layer block may be layered and welded as sheets of 0.2 to 4 mm in alternating order into a block of more than 2 to 40 layers.

First, the sheets or rods of the first and second alloys are cleaned, stacked in alternating colors and then carefully welded together. The Welding can be done in an open flame or in an oven. All procedures have in common that no lot is used. The adjoining non-ferrous metals form a new alloy during the welding process at their boundary, which connects them. If the connection of the plates is not continuous, errors may arise which only become visible at the end of the subsequent processing.

The finished welded, cleaned and edge-finished layer block is preferably forged into a cross-sectionally substantially rectangular or square rod, preferably cold. In order to produce a pattern typical of Mokume-gane in metal, the rod is then twisted and / or rolled around its central longitudinal axis.

From such a rod is a piece of jewelry, ornamental item, ornamentation by further processing available.

A variant of the layer block is produced by cleaning sheets or rods of the first and the second alloy, stacked in alternating color sequence and then carefully welded together. Inside, a core, for example rectangular or square in cross-section, is inserted from one of the two alloys and clad on both sides with the alternating stacked layers. In this way, a layer block is formed in which a central core of one of the two alloys is surrounded by a shell of the two alternately layered alloys. The welding can be done in an open flame or in an oven. All procedures have in common that no lot is used. The adjoining non-ferrous metals form a new alloy during the welding process at their boundary, which connects them. If the connection of the plates is not continuous, errors may arise which only become visible at the end of the subsequent processing. A rod made in this way is firmly clamped at one end and twisted from the other end.

Such a twisted mokume rod is drilled at two spaced locations and sawn lengthwise between the two drill locations. The saw cut is spread open and forged. The steps of intermediate annealing, straightening, forging, filing and sanding are often to be carried out before finishing.

A ring thus obtained has the amazing property of having on its outside a continuous pattern and on its inside a continuous, unpatterned surface formed of the alloy of the core. The width of the unpatterned surface depends on the dimensions of the core inserted in the layer block and on the two sides of the core alternately stacked layers. This continuous, unpatterned surface is ideal for engraving names, symbols or the like.

Brief description of the figures

Other features, features, advantages and possible modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description in which reference is made to the accompanying drawings.

1a is a schematic perspective view of a Mokume layer block, which is formed of a plurality of sheets of the two different alloys.

1b is a schematic perspective view of a Mokume layer block, which is formed of a plurality of sheets and rods of the two different alloys.

2a FIG. 12 is a schematic plan view of an example of a twisted Mokume rod. FIG.

2 B Fig. 10 is a schematic plan view of an example of a longitudinally sawn Mokume rod for producing a seamless ring.

3a is a perspective view of a Mokume layer block, which is formed of a plurality of sheets and rods of the two different alloys and with an inserted in cross-section rectangular core of one of the two alloys.

3b FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective top view of an example of a seamless ring extending from the layer block. FIG 3a is made and on its inside has a continuous non-patterned surface tape for engraving.

Detailed description of the figures

1a . 1b each show a mokume layer block. Sheets and / or rods of the layer block consist of the two different alloys. The first alloy contains white gold, red gold, yellow gold, palladium, or platinum.

The gold alloys white gold, red gold and yellow gold are created by adding more metals to the gold, such as gold. As silver, zinc, palladium or copper, etc. So its properties can be changed. Both changes in the Color spectrum as well as in terms of hardness, melting temperature and strength are thus possible.

A white gold jewelry alloy may consist of 40 to 80% by weight of gold, 1 to 40% by weight of silver, 0 to 15% by weight of copper, 0 to 15% by weight of palladium and optionally further alloying additives. In addition, it may contain 0 to 5 wt .-%, for example 0 to 3 wt .-%, of at least one element selected from the group manganese, cobalt, niobium, indium, tin, gallium, germanium, magnesium, or zinc, ruthenium, rhodium, Iridium, platinum, tungsten, tantalum.

The alloy rose gold consists of fine gold, copper and possibly a little silver. The proportion of copper is relatively high and responsible for the red color and hardness of the material. Rose gold has a fineness of 330 to 750. Yellow gold has at least almost the original color of pure gold while its material properties for jewelry processing and jewelry use are improved. Here, the fine gold is alloyed with silver and copper, whereby the ratio affects the color. The lower the amount of gold, the lower the depth of the yellow clay. Furthermore, yellow gold alloys may contain additional metal content to improve the castability and hardness of the alloy. One possible combination of metals for the first alloy (Yellow Gold 585 Alloy) contains 585 parts gold, 300 parts silver, 115 parts copper. One possible combination of metals for the first alloy (yellow gold 750 alloy) contains 750 parts gold, 125 parts silver, 125 parts copper.

Platinum is a white-gray precious metal (specific gravity 21.45 g / cm ³ ) and is processed with a high fineness of 950 to 960/1000. As alloying elements rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and palladium, copper, cobalt or tungsten can be used. One possible combination of metals for the first alloy contains about 700-950 parts of platinum and about 300-50 parts of iridium, for example 800 parts platinum and 200 parts iridium.

Palladium is a platinum group metal and has excellent utility properties, similar to platinum. It retains its metallic, white, steel gray luster in the air and does not start. When annealed, it is soft and ductile, but when cold worked strength and hardness increases quickly (work hardening). It is then much harder than platinum. Palladium has a halved specific gravity (12.02 g / cm ³ ) over platinum. Even in use, the lower weight is quite advantageous. One possible combination of metals for the first alloy contains 500-999 parts of palladium and 500-1 parts of silver, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and palladium, copper, cobalt or tungsten.

The second alloy contains 200-300 parts gold and 800-700 parts silver. It may also contain between 30 and 70 parts of copper and small amounts of platinum, gold, aluminum, gallium, indium, silicon, tin and / or zinc in the second alloy. Thus, it is very easy to achieve contrasting colors and similar metallurgical properties as well as good processing properties with respect to the first alloy.

Thus, the second (gold) alloy is a 2-, 3-, or multi-material alloy of fine gold with additional metals. It is tarnish-free, has a very bright, white, even snow-white color, without harmful additives or surface coatings.

These sheets are in the desired order - in the 1 alternating - layered into a block. This results in a Mokume layer block by welding the thin plates of the different metals or alloys with contrasting colors. The welding takes place without solder and results in a mokume layer block of the laminated non-ferrous metals or layered metals, which is relatively soft or supple. These are metals that have similar metallurgical and good processing properties. The blocks have 2 to 40 layers of the two different alloys.

The sheets and / or rods are assembled so that between the sheets each have a clear color contrast. The individual sheets are flat with a roughened surface and free of foreign bodies, grease or oxidation. The welding is carried out by heat, which causes movement and mixing of the metals at the grain boundaries of the contact surfaces. This can result in a new molecular crystal structure.

The welding of the layers takes place at a temperature which is close to the melting point of the individual metals / alloys. The resulting semi-finished product can be hot-hardened or cold-hardened. Before deformation into a prismatic rod (for example by rolling or twisting), the structure must be brought into a more fine-grained state by forging followed by annealing. Patterns are introduced by further processing the blocks by different methods. Milling cutters, burin, drills, punches, chisels or the like can be used.

In the bond zones, new alloys with different mechanical properties than the first and second alloys may have formed. Tissue hardening can occur within the bonding zones, which can cause shearing and cold welding during the forming process. These can be avoided by annealing the metals. The strength of the bonding zones may be higher than with soldering.

This module can then be further processed using either the Mokume-gane technique or the Mokume damask technique. The technique of the Mokume-gane is created by breaking the surface and then forging sheets with irregular patterns, such as eye pattern. In the technique of Mokume damask rods are first produced after welding and twisting and forging the layered metals, which are then further processed. In contrast to Mokume-gane, a regular pattern is created during further processing, similar to the veins of Damascus steel. The layer block described above is first flat-forged for further processing to Mokume-gane. The later eye patterns and lines are created by breaking up the surface of the flat forged sheet. The upper layers are pierced and / or lines are milled. By removing material and then re-planing, the lower layers are pressed into the vacated areas and the patterns become visible.

A piece of jewelry, such as a ring, is made in one piece as follows:
One of the tortured as described above ( 2a ) Mokume rods are drilled in parallel at two spaced locations and sawn lengthwise between the two drill holes. The saw cut is spread open ( 2 B ) and forged. The steps of intermediate annealing, straightening, forging, filing, sanding often have to be repeated before finishing.

A variant of the shift block ( 3a ) is produced by cleaning sheets or rods of the first and second alloys, stacking them in alternating colors and then carefully welding them together. Inside, a core, for example rectangular or square in cross section, is inserted from one of the two alloys and clad on both sides with the alternating stacked layers. The welding can be done in an open flame or in an oven. No lot is used. The adjoining non-ferrous metals form a new alloy during the welding process at their boundary, which connects them. A rod made in this way is firmly clamped at one end and twisted from the other end.

Such a twisted mokume rod is drilled at two spaced apart locations between the two wells, cut lengthwise (as in FIG 2a ). The saw cut is spread open and forged. The ring thus obtained has on its inside a set of two end faces of the ring inwardly, continuous annular cylindrical surface, which is formed from the alloy L1 of a layer block block inserted core. This continuous surface is ideal for engraving names, symbols or the like.

Instead of the rings and pendants, arm and foot rings, earrings, or the like. From the Mokume layer block can be produced. It can also ornamental items such as bowls, cups, knife handles, cutlery fittings, belt buckles, buttons, or the like. Made from the Mokume layer block.

Claims (8)

Mokume layer block for decorative purposes, ornaments or ornaments, comprising at least a first layer of a first alloy and at least a second layer of a second alloy, wherein - the first alloy 40 to 80% by weight of gold, 1 to 40% by weight of silver, 0 to 15% by weight of copper, 0 to 15% by weight of palladium and optionally further alloying additives, or 330-750 parts gold, otherwise copper and possibly some silver, or 585-750 parts gold 125-300 parts silver, 115-125 parts copper, 100-180 parts palladium, and / or minor amounts of additional metals, or 700-950 parts platinum and 300-50 parts iridium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and palladium, copper, cobalt or tungsten, or 500-999 parts of palladium and 500-1 parts of silver, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and palladium, copper, cobalt or tungsten, contains, and The second alloy 200-300 parts gold and 800-700 parts silver, and optionally between 30 and 70 parts copper, 0 to 50 parts aluminum, 0 to 20 parts platinum, 0 to 30 parts gallium, 0 to 30 parts indium, 0 to 50 parts of silicon, 0 to 30 parts of tin and / or 0 to 30 parts of zinc. The mokume layer block of claim 1, wherein the second alloy comprises 250 parts gold and 750 parts silver. A Mokume ™ laminated block according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second alloy comprises 700 parts silver and more than 300 parts gold. A mokume laminated block according to any preceding claim, wherein the first alloy comprises 0 to 50 parts copper, 0 to 50 parts aluminum, 0 to 20 parts platinum, 0 to 30 parts gallium, 0 to 30 parts Indium, 0 to 50 parts of silicon, 0 to 30 parts of tin and / or 0 to 30 parts of zinc. Mokume layer block according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the layers are laminated as sheets in an alternating sequence into a block. A Mokume laminated block according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the layers are laminated and welded in sheets of 0.2 to 4 mm in alternating order into a block of at least 2 to 40 layers. A jewel such as a ring, pendant, arm and footer, earring, ornament, shell, cup, knife handle, cutlery fitting, belt buckle, button, obtainable by processing a mokume layer block according to any of the preceding claims 1-6. A method of making jewelery such as rings, pendants, arm and foot rings, earrings, ornaments, bowls, cups, knife handles, cutlery fittings, belt buckles, buttons, comprising the steps of: Processing a Mokume layer block according to one of the preceding claims 1-6, wherein sheets or rods of the first and the second alloy are cleaned, stacked in an alternating color sequence and inside the Mokume layer block a core of one of the two alloys inserted and laterally with clothed in the alternately stacked plies and thereafter welded together to obtain a rod which is firmly clamped at one end and twisted from the other end, the so twisted mokume rod being pierced at two spaced apart locations and between the two drillholes of length after sawing is done, and the saw cut is spread open and forged to get the piece of jewelery, wherein the piece of jewelery has on its inner side a ring-cylindrical surface which is set inwards from both end faces of the piece of jewelery and which is formed from the alloy of the core inserted in the layer block.

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