DE102009007562A1 - Vehicle e.g. bicycle, has drives comprising electric motor fed by alternating current inverter, which is fed by common capacitor charged by power source, and charging unit provided between capacitor and power source - Google Patents

Abstract

The vehicle has drives comprising an electric motor (M) e.g. three phase motor, fed by an alternating current inverter (FU). The inverter is fed by a common capacitor (4) e.g. ultracap capacitor, charged by a power source e.g. battery (3). A charging unit is provided between the capacitor and the power source. The inverter is electrically connected with an input unit and/or a display unit (1). The motor is integrated in wheel hub or rims. An angle sensor is provided at a rotor shaft of the motor. The power source is electrically connected with an electronic circuit by a plug connector. The power source is an accumulator, a fuel cell and a generator. An independent claim is also included for a method for operating a vehicle.

Description

The The invention relates to a vehicle and a method of operation of a vehicle.

Vehicles, as two-wheelers, like motorcycles or bicycles, accomplished are well known. In particular, motorcycles are with an internal combustion engine as a drive for one of the wheels of the Two-wheeler known

Of the The invention is therefore based on the object of developing a vehicle, by improving environmental protection.

According to the invention Task in the vehicle according to claim 1 and in the method solved according to the features specified in claim 11, 12 or 13.

Important Features of the invention in the vehicle are that it with at least two drives, each one at least one from a respective Inverter-fed electric motor include, the inverter can be fed from a common capacitor, which consists of an energy source is rechargeable.

From The advantage here is that mechanical parts for power transmission, like chains, sprockets and the like, are dispensable. In addition, all energy consumers electrically executable, so that a common less expensive energy management is executable. By means of the capacitor is a great performance very fast, so short term, available adjustable. The drive power is generated directly on the wheel, wherein the driving of several engines is executable and thus the maximum to disposal To be set drive power is divisible to the individual drives.

Further advantageous in the vehicle that the inverter can be disabled are so all the switches of the inverter in the open Condition can be brought, causing a disconnection of the inverter executable is. This advantageously corresponds essentially to disengaging an electric motor.

at According to an advantageous embodiment, the energy source is a battery, an accumulator, a fuel cell or an internal combustion engine powered generator. The advantage here is that different Long-term storage can be used, especially rechargeable or refuelable.

at According to an advantageous embodiment, the capacitor is a double-layer capacitor, such as ultracap capacitor, supercap capacitor, goldcap capacitor or BoostCap capacitor. The advantage here is that a high capacity in a compact and cost-effective way is ready to be adjusted and thus large achievements quickly available are. In particular, a larger energy flow providable as can be provided from the energy source.

at an advantageous embodiment are between capacitor and Energy source charging means provided. Vorteiligerweise is thus a controlled charging executable and the protection for the electronic components can be increased.

at another advantageous embodiment the inverters can additionally be fed from the energy source. Advantageous is in the process that the energy flows from the energy source and the capacitor can be added and the Inverters thus higher Provides services.

at According to an advantageous embodiment, the inverters are for data exchange connected to an electronic control unit, in particular with the Control electronics input means and display means electrically connected. The advantage here is that mechanical means of a vehicle with Internal combustion engine are dispensable, in particular means such as clutch lever, gear selection switch, Throttle and the like.

at In an advantageous embodiment, the electric motors are in wheel hubs or rims of the vehicle integrated, in particular wherein an angle sensor is provided on the rotor shaft of the electric motor. Advantageous is that the center of gravity is low and thus an improved Driving behavior is achievable. In addition, mechanical drive elements such as chains for torque transmission, sprockets or such dispensable.

at According to an advantageous embodiment, the energy source is electrical by means of connectors connected to the remaining electronic Circuit of the vehicle, comprising the capacitor. Advantageous is there a quick and easy replacement in case of maintenance is reachable.

at an advantageous embodiment, the vehicle is a bicycle, especially bicycle or motorcycle, or tricycle or alternatively a four-wheeler comprehensive Vehicle is. The advantage here is that an all-wheel drive is executable.

In an advantageous embodiment, a motor or each motor for generating braking force is operated as a generator. The advantage here is that when braking energy is recoverable. In addition, operating modes are energy-saving light, such as motor-driven rear-wheel drive at the same time generating, so braking effect generating operated front wheel drive. This is particularly advantageous because it causes more stable handling in all-terrain vehicles, especially when cornering in rough terrain with two-wheeled vehicles.

at an advantageous embodiment, one or more electrical Linear motors are provided as suspension of the vehicle. Is an advantage doing that shock absorber dispensable and the energy of the shocks to be absorbed at least partially retrievable is. When driving in rough terrain, especially under temporary Loss of traction, thus large amounts of energy can be generated.

Important features in the method for operating a vehicle having at least two drives are that the drives each comprise at least one electric motor fed from a respective inverter,
the wheels of the vehicle being driven by the drives,
wherein the speed and direction of rotation of the wheels of the vehicle to different target specifications, in particular target speed and target direction of rotation, are regulated in particular in a completely independent manner.

From The advantage here is that diverse Operating modes are foreseeable. Compared to a vehicle with Single-wheel drive are thus much more operating conditions generated. Compared to an internal combustion engine, the electric motor, especially when integrated in rim or wheel hub, a very high Dynamics. So there are very short-term changes in the speed reached, especially with loss of traction.

Important Features in the other method for operating a vehicle with at least two drives are that the drives each at least a powered from a respective inverter electric motor include, where the spatial Location of the vehicle after loss of grip by means of different Target speeds of the motors is controlled or under evaluation of sensor signals from sensors used to detect the spatial Are provided, is regulated.

From The advantage here is that when you lift the vehicle whose spatial Location is optimizable, so that when putting the vehicle, the preferred and more stable spatial Location is achievable, especially where this location depends on the nature of the terrain, the vehicle speed and geometric shape of the roadway depends. By means of the speed controller provided in the inverter is also a detection of the ground contact executable and a subsequent unlocking of the inverter, so all open Switch of the inverter. In this way, the wheels are possible quickly to the for adapted to a stable driving behavior provided speed and the Inverter is then switched back to the electric motor. Alternatively, even before the ground adhesion occurs, a disappearing one Preset torque predetermined, so that by means of the control electronics of the Inverter the rotor angle position and / or the speed after entry the grip as possible is quickly detectable. In other situations with loss of traction will not open the switch executed but set a high speed, with a reentry the traction is preferably carried out on the rear wheel.

• – in einer ersten Betriebsart die Antriebe motorisch betrieben werden und
• – in einer zweiten Betriebsart zumindest einer der Antriebe motorisch und ein anderer der Antriebe generatorisch betrieben wird, insbesondere gleichzeitig.

Important features in the further method for operating a vehicle having at least two drives are that the drives each comprise at least one electric motor fed from a respective inverter,
in which

• - In a first mode, the drives are operated by a motor and
• - In a second mode of operation of at least one of the drives is motorized and another of the drives is operated as a generator, in particular simultaneously.

From The advantage is that when cornering in rough terrain a stable driving behavior is achievable.

at An advantageous embodiment is a non-linear control method applied or it is on the wheels Angle sensors provided whose detected speed to a target value is regulated. The advantage here is that with angle encoderless execution a cost-effective Construction possible is and with the provision of angle sensors a very precise angle detection the rotor position, so wheel angular position, is executable. Besides that is in providing angle sensors and execution of the electric motors as Synchronous motors to control the speed in a very simple manner executable.

Further Advantages emerge from the subclaims.

1

sensors Input means, display means, controls

2

control

3

battery

4

capacitor

FU

inverter

M

electric motor

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to figures:
In the 1 is shown a basic circuit of the drive system according to the invention.

There are sensors 1 , Input means 1 , Display means 1 and / or controls 1 with a controller 2 connected.

Besides that is the controller for data exchange with the respective control electronics connected by two inverters. The control electronics controls Here, the circuit breaker of the respective inverter FU on, so that the electric motor M with an AC voltage or three-phase voltage specifiable frequency can be fed.

Consequently the speed of the motors M is controllable or at least controllable.

The inverters FU are made of a capacitor 4 supplied so that when needed energy is available to the inverter very quickly. Because the capacitor is an energy source with low internal resistance.

The capacitor 4 is charged via charging means from a battery. However, the maximum power that can be removed from the battery, in particular for charging the capacitor, is less than the maximum power that can be supplied by the capacitor to the inverter. Advantageously, therefore, the capacitor short-term performance of the inverter are available from the capacitor available. The power that can be supplied from the battery to the capacitor is lower.

in the regenerative operation is from the corresponding engine via the connected to it inverter power to the condenser and also supplied to the battery. It is advantageous that interposed between capacitor and battery Charging means for bidirectional energy flow interpret and thus a recharge the battery is generated by a motor regeneratively generated energy to enable.

The Drive system can be used advantageously in vehicles with two Drives. As an example, this is called a two-wheeler, instead an internal combustion engine has electromotive drive systems. In particular, wheel hub drives can advantageously be used here, So electric motors, which are integrated integrated in the hubs are and thus allow a low center of gravity of the vehicle. External motors or internal rotors can be used as electric motors.

Consequently a low maintenance is necessary. In addition, mechanical components are in the Compared to internal combustion engines saving, whereby space is available for battery and capacitor.

The Drive systems are executable without angle encoder, if for the regulation of Electric motors encoderless controls are used.

Vorteilig In the case of the vehicle too, that is the capacitor with both inverters Both drive systems is connected equally. Thus is regenerated energy of the first drive system to the other For example, motor driven drive system fed.

at execution of the vehicle as a two-wheeler, it is possible in operating modes, at the two-wheeler loses grip, for example, in freestyle MX applications, that by controlling the speeds of the front and rear Rades the associated Rotation pulses are given such that an alignment of the vehicle to a desired location is. Once one of the wheels ground contact detectable makes, however, is changed to normal operation.

at a further embodiment of the invention But angle sensors can also be used to provide improved control to reach. In this case, the sensor signals or sensor information fed to the inverters so that their respective control electronics the speed of the associated Rades regulated to a target value.

at a further embodiment of the invention are electric generators of various types providable, the to supportive Charging the capacitor can be used. Exemplary is this called that it allows is in the range of shock absorbers of the Vehicle, for example, two-wheeler, generator-driven linear motors provide, so that from the vibrations, vibrations and shock energy can be generated, in turn, the capacitor charging at least supportive power. In particular, shock absorber whole or at least partially replaceable by such linear motors. As well Generators can be used that make other types of energy loss available.

A further advantage of the vehicle driven according to the invention is also that braking of one of the drive systems can be carried out using its electric motor. For this purpose, so the motor is operated as a generator and thereby Braking force generated. Thus, if, for example, in MX applications of two-wheelers often common for improving the driving behavior when shifting the driver's weight on the steering fork, one of the drive systems, such as the rear-wheel drive, motorized, ie for the production of propulsion power, and another of the drive systems, such as For example, the front-wheel drive, is operated in braking mode, ie regenerative, energy is recoverable, which would be lost as a heat used in alternately operated to drive system regenerative mechanical friction brake. In the invention, however, at least a part of the braking energy can be recovered.

Vorteiligerweise In the invention, mechanically acting controls are dispensable. For example, the brake lever, the brake pedal, the throttle and the clutch switch dispensable. Accordingly are electronic working input means can be used.

at a further embodiment of the invention Battery and / or capacitor can be connected by means of plug connections arranged so that a quick and easy exchange is possible.

at a further embodiment of the invention Both the battery and the capacitor are connected in parallel and thus the inverters even from both power sources Energy flow can be fed directly.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the capacitor 4 as a double-layer capacitor, such as ultracap capacitor, supercap capacitor, goldcap capacitor, boostcap capacitor. executed and thus has a very high capacity with a small size.

at a further embodiment of the invention are the motors M as three-phase motors in the manner of a synchronous motor or asynchronous motor executed.

at a further embodiment of the invention Instead of the battery is an accumulator, ie battery, and / or a Fuel cell used as an energy source.

at a further embodiment of the invention only one capacitor is provided and the battery is dispensed with, so that weight can be saved. However, this is just way short-term operating times achievable.

Claims (15)

Vehicle with at least two drives, each comprising at least one of a respective inverter-fed electric motor, characterized in that the inverters are fed from a common capacitor which can be charged from a power source. Vehicle according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the power source is a battery Accumulator, a fuel cell or one of an internal combustion engine is powered generator. Vehicle according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the capacitor is an ultracap capacitor is. Vehicle according to at least one of the preceding Claims, thereby marked that between capacitor and power source Charging means are provided or that the inverter is off the energy source in addition are available. Vehicle according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the inverters for data exchange are connected to a control electronics, in particular with the Input means and display means are electrically connected. Vehicle according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the electric motors in hubs or Rims of the vehicle are integrated, in particular where an angle sensor is provided on the rotor shaft of the electric motor. Vehicle according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the energy source by means of electrically Connector is connected to the rest of the electronic circuit of the vehicle comprising the condenser. Vehicle according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the vehicle is a two-wheeler, in particular Bike or motorcycle, or tricycle is or alternatively a four Wheels comprehensive Vehicle is. Vehicle according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that a motor or each motor for generating of braking force generator is operable. Vehicle after at least one of the preceding gone claims, characterized in that one or more electric linear motors are provided as suspension of the vehicle. Method for operating a vehicle with at least two drives, each one at least one from a respective Include inverter fed electric motor, the Wheels of the Vehicle driven by the drives, characterized, that the speed and direction of rotation of the wheels of the vehicle on different Target specifications, in particular setpoint speed and setpoint direction of rotation, be regulated in particular in a completely independent manner. Method for operating a vehicle with at least two drives, each one at least one from a respective Inverter-fed electric motor comprise, characterized that the spatial Position of the vehicle after loss of traction by means of different setpoint speeds the motors is controlled or under evaluation of sensor signals of sensors intended to detect the spatial position, is regulated. Method, in particular according to claim 11, for operating a vehicle with at least two drives, each at least comprise an electric motor fed from a respective inverter, thereby marked that - in a first mode, the drives are operated by a motor and - in a second mode of operation of at least one of the drives motor and another of the drives is operated as a generator, in particular simultaneously. Method according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized the vehicle is designed according to one of claims 1 to 10. Method according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized that an angle encoderless control method is used or that at the wheels Angle sensors are provided whose detected speed to a Setpoint is regulated.