DE102009000813A1 - Fluorescence conversion solar cell I Production by the plate casting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a combination of fluorescence conversion dyes in plastic moldings of polymethyl (meth) acrylate, which are used to convert the natural solar radiation in usable for the solar cell light. The plastic moldings are polymerized by casting.

Description

Field of the invention

The The invention relates to a combination of fluorescence conversion dyes in plastic moldings of polymethyl (meth) acrylate, the to be used, the natural sunlight convert into usable for the solar cells light. The Plastic moldings are polymerized by casting.

State of the art

photovoltaic cells The irradiated sunlight can only partially into usable convert electrical energy, a large part of the energy is lost in the form of heat. So, for example a silicon solar cell absorb all the photons that have an energy above the band edge of 1.1 eV of the crystalline silicon. This corresponds to a wavelength <1,100 nm. The excess Energy of the absorbed photons is converted into heat and leads to a heating of the photocell, the efficiency the photocell is lowered.

The structure and effect of fluorescence conversion solar cells is known from US 4,110,123 (Fraunhofer) or out Appl. Phys. 14, 123 ff. (1977) known.

WO 2007/031446 (BASF AG) describes fluorescence conversion solar cells composed of one or more glass plates or polymer plates coated with a fluorescent dye. As the fluorescent dye, dyes based on terrylenecarboxylic acid derivatives or combinations of these dyes with other fluorescent dyes are used. The disadvantage here is the separately required step of coating the glass plates with the formulation containing the dye.

Concentrator systems with lenses or mirrors

Optical systems based on lenses or mirrors for the concentration of light on the solar cells are known, concentration factors of up to 1,000 times are achieved. A disadvantage of the optical solutions, however, is that the entire electromagnetic spectrum of the light is concentrated, so that not only the effective light is concentrated, but also the photovoltaic ineffective light. This leads to an undesirable thermal load on the solar cells and a reduction in the efficiency. In order not to let the temperatures get too high, you can actively or passively cool the solar cells. In addition, the lenses or the lens systems must be tracked consuming mechanically the position of the sun, they also can only reflect the directly incident light. Diffused light contributes little or no energy. (please refer U.S. Patent 5,489,297 )

task

• • diffuses Licht zu nutzen und daher ohne aufwendige Nachführmechanik auskommen,
• • ein auf das Absorptionsspektrum der verwendeten Solarzelle (beispielsweise Si oder GaAs) abgestimmtes Licht zu liefern,
• • einen den optischen Konzentratoren vergleichbaren Konzentrationsgrad zu erzielen,
• • einfach und preiswert hergestellt zu werden,
• • die Wärmebelastung der Solarzellen und den damit verbundenen Wirkungsgradverlust zu verringern,
• • die aktive Solarzellenfläche zu verringern,
• • beständig gegen Witterungseinflüsse zu sein und im Laufe des Betriebs die optischen Eigenschaften praktisch nicht verändern,

In the light of the prior art discussed above, it has been the object to develop concentration paths for the optical radiation of the sun that are capable of

• • to use diffused light and therefore manage without complicated tracking mechanism,
• To provide a light tuned to the absorption spectrum of the solar cell used (for example Si or GaAs),
• • achieve a concentration level comparable to the optical concentrators,
• • easy and inexpensive to manufacture
• • reduce the heat load on the solar cells and the associated loss of efficiency,
• • reduce the active solar cell area,
• • be resistant to the effects of the weather and practically do not change the optical properties during operation,

solution

The Solution of the above object is achieved by a use of different fluorescence conversion dyes in Plastic molded bodies whose spectra are so coordinated are that the incident light targeted with such wavelengths is emitted, which are matched to the respective solar cell.

The solution further comprises dissolving the dyes or dye mixtures in a monomer mixture, which is then polymerized to form a plastic molding.

The plastic molded body can be constructed in one or more layers and comprise layers which contain the same or different dyes or dye mixtures. The individual layers can z. B. by gluing or by polymerization together. This can be z. B. by the method described in the applications DE 10233684 and DE 10254276 are described done.

The Layering can also be achieved by loose stacking each other Plastic moldings done.

• – Das eingestrahlte Sonnenlicht wird in für Silizium-Photovoltaikzellen optimale Wellenlängen umgewandelt,
• – Die Herstellung der Fluoreszenzkonversionssolarzellen kann nach bekannten Verfahren erfolgen,
• – Die Solarzellen werden vor Vandalismus geschützt,
• – die Konversionsraten sind überraschend hoch,
• – der Kunststoffformkörper ist einfach an die geometrischen und statischen Erfordernisse der Solarzelle anpassbar,
• – der Kunststoffformkörper ist leichter als eine vergleichbare Anordnung aus Mineralglas,
• – der Kunststoffformkörper kann schlagzäh ausgerüstet sein, so daß die Solarzellenanordnung gegen Hagel geschützt ist.

The solution according to the invention offers the following advantages:

• The irradiated sunlight is converted into optimal wavelengths for silicon photovoltaic cells,
• The preparation of the fluorescence conversion solar cells can be carried out by known methods,
• - The solar cells are protected against vandalism,
• - the conversion rates are surprisingly high,
• The plastic molding is easily adaptable to the geometric and static requirements of the solar cell,
• The plastic molding is lighter than a comparable arrangement of mineral glass,
• - The plastic molding can be equipped impact resistant, so that the solar cell array is protected against hail.

The production of the plastic molding

The monomers

The (meth) acrylates

A Particularly preferred group of monomers are (meth) acrylates The term (meth) acrylates includes methacrylates and Acrylates and mixtures of both.

These Monomers are well known. These belong to other (meth) acrylates that are derived from saturated alcohols such as methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, Propyl (meth) acrylate, isopropyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, tert-butyl (meth) acrylate, butoxymethyl (meth) acrylate, pentyl (meth) acrylate, Hexyl (meth) acrylate, heptyl (meth) acrylate, octyl (meth) acrylate, isooctyl (meth) acrylate, Isodecyl (meth) acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate; (Meth) acrylates other than unsaturated Derive alcohols such as oleyl (meth) acrylate, 2-propynyl (meth) acrylate, Allyl (meth) acrylate, vinyl (meth) acrylate; Aryl (meth) acrylates, such as for example, benzyl (meth) acrylate or phenyl (meth) acrylate, wherein the aryl radicals are each unsubstituted or substituted up to four times could be; Cycloalkyl (meth) acrylates, such as 3-vinylcyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, bornyl (meth) acrylate; Isobornyl (meth) acrylate, Hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates such as 3-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 3,4-dihydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate; Glycol di (meth) acrylates such as 1,4-butanediol (meth) acrylate, (Meth) acrylates of ether alcohols, such as, for example, tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth) acrylate, Vinyloxyethoxyethyl (meth) acrylate; Amides and nitriles of (meth) acrylic acid, such as N- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) (meth) acrylamide, N- (diethylphosphono) (meth) acrylamide, 1-Methacryloylamido-2-methyl-2-propanol; Sulfur-containing methacrylates, such as ethylsulfinylethyl (meth) acrylate, 4-thiocyanatobutyl (meth) acrylate, Ethylsulfonylethyl (meth) acrylate, thiocyanatomethyl (meth) acrylate, methylsulfinylmethyl (meth) acrylate, sulfide bis ((meth) acryloyloxyethyl); polyvalent (meth) acrylates, such as for example trimethyloylpropane tri (meth) acrylate.

These Monomers may be used singly or as a mixture. Mixtures are particularly preferred here, the methacrylates and Acrylic acid ester included.

The radical formers

The polymerization is generally started with known free-radical initiators. Among the preferred initiators include the azo initiators well known in the art, such as AIBN and 1,1-azobiscyclohexanecarbonitrile, and peroxy compounds such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, acetylacetone peroxide, dilauryl peroxide, tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate, ketone peroxide, methyl isobutyl ketone peroxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide tert-butyl peroxybenzoate, tert-butyl peroxyisopropyl carbonate, 2,5-bis (2-ethyl hexanoylperoxy) -2,5-dimethylhexane, tert -butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, tert -butylperoxy-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate, dicumylperoxide, 1,1-bis (tert-butylperoxy) cyclohexane, 1,1- Bis (tert-butylperoxy) 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, cumyl hydroperoxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, bis (4-tert-butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbonate, mixtures of two or more of the abovementioned compounds with one another and mixtures of the abovementioned compounds with those not mentioned Compounds that can also form radicals.

These Compounds are commonly found in an amount of 0.01 to 1.0 wt .-%, preferably from 0.05 to 0.3 wt .-%, based on the Weight of the monomers used.

The impact modifiers

preferred impact-resistant castings used for production of the polymethyl methacrylate molding can serve contain 1% by weight to 30% by weight, preferably 2% by weight to 20% by weight, particularly preferably 3% by weight to 15% by weight, in particular 5% by weight up to 12% by weight, by weight, of an impact modifier, which is an elastomeric phase of crosslinked polymer particles.

The Impact modifier can be known in per se Way by bead polymerization or by emulsion polymerization to be obtained.

preferred Impact modifiers provide crosslinked particles having a mean particle size in the range of 50 to 1,000 nm, preferably 60 to 500 nm and more preferably 80 to 120 nm.

such Particles, for example, by the radical polymerization of mixtures which are generally at least 40% by weight, preferably 50% to 70% by weight of methyl methacrylate, 20% by weight to 80 wt .-%, preferably 25 wt .-% to 35 wt .-% butyl acrylate and 0.1 wt .-% to 2 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 wt .-% to 1 wt .-% of a crosslinking monomers, e.g. B. a polyfunctional (meth) acrylate, such as As allyl methacrylate and comonomers, with the aforementioned Vinyl compounds can be copolymerized.

Among the preferred comonomers include C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl (meth) acrylates, such as ethyl acrylate or butyl methacrylate, preferably methyl acrylate, or other vinylically polymerizable monomers such. Styrene. The mixtures for the preparation of the aforementioned particles may preferably comprise 0 wt .-% to 10 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 wt .-% to 5 wt .-% comonomers.

Especially preferred impact modifiers are polymerizate particles, a two-, more preferably a three-layer core-shell construction exhibit.

Such core-shell polymers are, inter alia, in EP-A 0 113 924 . EP-A 0 522 351 . EP-A 0 465 049 and EP-A 0 683 028 described.

Particularly preferred impact modifiers based on acrylate rubber have, inter alia, the following structure: Core: Polymer having a methyl methacrylate content of at least 90% by weight, based on the weight of the core. Bowl 1: Polymer having a butyl acrylate content of at least 80% by weight, based on the weight of the first shell. Bowl 2: Polymer having a methyl methacrylate content of at least 90 wt .-%, based on the weight of the second shell.

Of the Core and the shells can in addition to the monomers mentioned each contain additional monomers. These have been previously stated particularly preferred comonomers have a crosslinking effect.

For example, a preferred acrylate rubber modifier may have the following structure: Core: Copolymer of methyl methacrylate (95.7% by weight), ethyl acrylate (4% by weight) and allyl methacrylate (0.3% by weight), S1: Copolymer of butyl acrylate (81.2% by weight), styrene (17.5% by weight) and allyl methacrylate (1.3% by weight), S2: Copolymer of methyl methacrylate (96% by weight) and ethyl acrylate (4% by weight)

The Ratio of core to shell (s) of the acrylate rubber modifier can vary widely. Preferably, the weight ratio is Core to shell K / S in the range of 20:80 to 80:20, preferably from 30:70 to 70:30 to Modifiern with a shell or the ratio from core to shell 1 to shell 2 K / S1 / S2 in the range of 10:80:10 to 40:20:40, more preferably from 20:60:20 to 30:40:30 at Modifiers with two bowls.

The Particle size of the core-shell modifier is common in the range of 50 to 1,000 nm, preferably 100 to 500 nm and more preferably from 150 to 450 nm without this a restriction should be made.

According to a particular embodiment, the polymethyl (meth) acrylate molding has an E-modulus of at least 2,800 N / mm ² , preferably at least 3,300 N / mm ² ISO 527/2 on.

Of the Plastic moldings can also be made of polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), polyamide (PA), polyester (PE), thermoplastic polyurethane (PU), polyethersulfone, polysulfones, vinyl polymers, such as Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), be constructed.

Light stabilizers

As a light stabilizer UV-A and / or UV-B absorbers are used. Examples of classes of substances which can be used are the HALS compounds. HALS compounds are understood as meaning sterically hindered amines, as described, for example, in US Pat JP 0347856 are described. These "hindered amine light stabilizers" capture the radicals that form when exposed to radiation. In the trade, these products are made by Ciba under the trade name TINUVIN ^® 123, Tinuvin ^® 571, Tinuvin ^® 770 and Tinuvin ^® 622nd

Furthermore, light stabilizers based on benzophenone derivatives can be used. These products are marketed by BASF under the brand UVINUL ^® 5411.

Benzotriazole based light stabilizers can also be used. In the trade, these products are made by Cytec under the brand CYASORB ^® UV 5411 or Ciba under the trade name TINUVIN ^® P, Tinuvin ^® 571 and Tinuvin ^® 234th

Antioxidants

As an antioxidant sterically hindered phenols or phosphites or phosphonites can be used. In the trade, these products are made by Ciba under the trademarks Irganox ^® and Irgafos ^®.

The casting process

For the plastic substrates produced by the cast-chamber method, for example, suitable (meth) acrylic mixtures are placed in a mold and polymerized. Such (meth) acrylic mixtures generally have the above-described (meth) acrylates, in particular methyl methacrylate. Furthermore, the (meth) acrylic mixtures may contain the copolymers described above and, in particular for adjusting the viscosity, polymers, in particular poly (meth) acrylates. The weight average molecular weight M _{w of} the polymers prepared by cast-chamber processes is generally higher than the molecular weight of polymers used in molding compositions. This results in a number of known advantages. In general, the weight average molecular weight of polymers made by cast-chamber processes is in the range of 500,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol, but is not intended to be limiting.

Of Furthermore, photoconductive layers of the present Invention are produced by casting. in this connection Suitable acrylic resin mixtures are placed in a mold and polymerized.

• 1. 40 bis 99,999 Gew.-% Methylmethacrylat,
• 2. 0 bis 59,999 Gew.-% Comonomere,
• 3. 0 bis 59,999 Gew.-% in (1) oder (2) lösliche Polymere,
• 4. 0,001 bis 0,1 Gew.-% eines oder mehrer Fluoreszenzfarbstoffe, wobei die Komponenten 1) bis 4) zusammen 100 Gew.-% ergeben.

A suitable acrylic resin includes, for example

• 1. 40 to 99.999% by weight of methyl methacrylate,
• 2. 0 to 59.999% by weight of comonomers,
• 3. 0 to 59.999% by weight of (1) or (2) soluble polymers,
• 4. 0.001 to 0.1 wt .-% of one or more fluorescent dyes, wherein the components 1) to 4) together 100% by weight.

About that In addition, the acrylic resin has the initiators necessary for the polymerization on. Components 1 to 4 and the initiators correspond to the Compounds which are also suitable for the preparation of polymethylmethacrylate Molding compounds are used.

For curing you can z. B. the so-called Gußkammerverfahren (sz B. the DE 25 44 245 . EP-B 570 782 or EP-A 656 548 ), in which the polymerization of a plastic disc between two glass plates, which are sealed with a circulating string.

Preferred plastic substrates can be obtained from Evonik commercially under the trade name PLEXIGLAS ^® GS. The dimensions of the plastic substrates are for example (length × width × thickness) between 2 m length, 3 m width and the thickness can be between 1.5 mm to 200 mm, preferably plates with the thickness range between 2 mm and 20 mm, particularly preferred are plates in the thickness range of 3 mm to 10 mm.

The dyes used

Fluorescent dyes

As dyes dyes of the types perylene, terylene and rylene derivatives can be prepared from the Lumogen ^® - BASF, rhodamines, LDS ^® row - number of exciton, substituted pyrans (. E.g. DCM), coumarins (for example, Coumarin 30. Coumarin 1, coumarin 102, etc.) oxazines (eg, Nile Blue or also called Nile Blue A), pyridines, styryl derivatives, dioxazines, naphthalimides, thiazines, stilbenes, and cyanines (e.g., DODCI) of e.g. B. Lambdachrome ^® and Exciton ^® can be used. The types of perylene, terylene and Rylenderivate dyes are in the WO 2007/031446 described.

Also complex compounds of lanthanides and nanoscopic semiconductor structures, so-called quantum dots, z. B. based on cadmium selenide, cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, lead selenide, lead sulfide and others are suitable. Production and use of Quantum Dots are in US 2007/0132052 . US 2007/0174939 . WO 0229140 . WO 2004022637 . WO 2006065054 and WO 2007073467 described.

Complex compounds of lanthanides are in CA 20072589575 . EP 0767912 and in WO 9839822 as in Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 051903 (2007) . 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Valencia, 700 (2008) . At the. Chem. Soc. (2007), DOI 10.1021 / ja070058e described.

The photonic layer

The photonic layer is arranged on the plastic molding, so that the sunlight first penetrate this layer must before the fluorescent dyes in the plastic molding can be excited to fluorescence.

As a photonic layer or wavelength-dependent mirror z. As interference filter (stack filter, rugate filter, notch filter, etc.), which may be constructed as a bandpass filter or edge filter known. These are z. B. prepared by depositing a plurality of thin dielectric layers having different refractive indices on a substrate. (S. Olaf Stenzel, "The Physics of Thin Film Optical Spectra", Springer-Verlag ) and ( N. Kaiser, HK Pulker, "Optical Interference Coatings", Springer-Verlag ).

The Layer thickness of the individual layer is usually smaller as the wavelength of light.

Another possibility is the use of photonic crystals, which are described in the following applications ( DE 10024466 . DE 10204338 . DE 10227071 . DE 10228228 . DE 10 2004 055 303 . US 6,863,847 . WO 0244301 . DE 10357681 . DE 10 2004 009 569 . DE 10 2004 032 120 . WO 2006045567 . DE 10245848 . DE 10 2006 017 163 )

These are small transparent spherical inorganic or organic bodies, which are arranged in the densest sphere packing. Depending on the size and spacing of the balls, they reflect light in a defined bandwidth and allow the remaining light to pass almost completely through this layer. Hollow-spherical structures can also be used. Then these are inverse opals. The individual spherical or hollow-spherical structures have the diameter of about 1/3 of the Reflecting wavelength of light (depending on the angle of incidence of the light and the distance of the balls).

The reflector

Under the plastic molding may optionally increase the yield nor an optically reflective molded body, for. B. a Mirror or a white foil or a plate arranged be.

The solar cells

• • Siliziumsolarzellen Monokristallines Silizium (c-Si), multikristallines Silizium (mc-Si), amorphes Silizium (a-Si), ebenso Tandemzellen aus multikristallinem und amorphem Silizium
• • III-V-Halbleiter Solarzellen Galliumarsenid (GaAs), Gallium-Indium-Phosphid (GaInP), Gallium-Indium-Arsenid (GaInAs), Gallium-Indium-Arsen-Phosphid (GaInAsP), Gallium-Indium-Phosphid (GaInP), Galliumantimonid (GaSb) Ebenso Tandemzellen (Mehrfachsolarzelle) aus Gallium-Indium-Phosphid und Galliumarsenid, aus Gallium-Indium-Arsenid und Gallium-Indium-Arsen-Phosphid, aus Gallium-Indium-Phosphid und Gallium-Indium-Arsenid, aus Galliumarsenid und Galliumantimonid oder aus Gallium-Arsenid und Germanium bzw. Tripelzellen (3-fach Solarzelle) aus Gallium-Indium-Phosphid, Galliumarsenid und Germanium oder aus Gallium-Indium-Phosphid, Gallium-Indium-Arsenid und Galliumantimonid
• • II-VI-Halbleiter Solarzellen Cadmiumtellurid (CdTe), Cadmiumsulfid (CdS)
• • I-III-V-Halbleiter Solarzellen CIS-Zellen: Kupfer-Indium-Diselenid (CuInSe2) bzw. Kupfer-Indium-Disulfid (CuInS2) CIGS-Zellen: Kupfer-Indium-Gallium-Diselenid (CuInGaSe2) Kupfer-Gallium-Diselenid (CuGaSe2), Kupfer-Gallium-Disulfid (CuGaS2)
• • Außerdem gibt es noch neuere Entwicklungen von Solarzellen auf der Basis von organischen Werkstoffen.

The solar cell can be constructed of the usual materials, such as

• • Silicon solar cells Monocrystalline silicon (c-Si), multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si), amorphous silicon (a-Si), as well as tandem cells made of multicrystalline and amorphous silicon
• • III-V semiconductor solar cells gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium indium phosphide (GaInP), gallium indium arsenide (GaInAs), gallium indium arsenic phosphide (GaInAsP), gallium indium phosphide (GaInP), Gallium antimonide (GaSb) Also called tandem cells (multiple solar cell) of gallium indium phosphide and gallium arsenide, of gallium indium arsenide and gallium indium arsenic phosphide, of gallium indium phosphide and gallium indium arsenide, of gallium arsenide and gallium antimonide or gallium arsenide and germanium or triple cells (gallium solar cell) of gallium indium phosphide, gallium arsenide and germanium or of gallium indium phosphide, gallium indium arsenide and gallium antimonide
• • II-VI Semiconductors Solar Cells Cadmium Telluride (CdTe), Cadmium Sulfide (CdS)
• • I-III-V semiconductor solar cells CIS cells: copper indium diselenide (CuInSe2) or copper indium disulfide (CuInS2) CIGS cells: copper indium gallium diselenide (CuInGaSe2) copper gallium diselenide (CuGaSe2), copper gallium disulfide (CuGaS2)
• • There are also recent developments of solar cells based on organic materials.

The following table shows some examples of semiconductors for solar cells. The specified wavelength corresponds to the wavelength of the light which provides the energy equal to the energy of the energy gap of the semiconductor, ie with this light, the semiconductor works most effectively as a solar cell (the fluorescence conversion cell is tuned to this wavelength). cell material Energy gap [eV] Wavelength [nm] Ge 0.66 1879 GaSb 0.73 1708 CuInSe2 1.0 1240 Si 1.12 1107 GaInAs 1.24 to 1.39 998-891 GaAs 1.42 873 CuInS2 1.55 800 CdTe 1.56 795 GaInP 1.64 to 1.81 756-687 CuGaSe2 1.68 738 a-Si: H 1.7 729 CuGaS2 2.30 539 CdS 2.42 512

Implementation of the invention

Examples

Description of the production of luminescent solar concentrators

Example 1: Preparation of a homogeneous colored plate

In 1,000 parts by weight of prepolymeric methyl methacrylate syrup (Viscosity about 1,000 cP), 1 part by weight of 2,2'-azobis- (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) solved.

Subsequently, a mixture consisting of
0.15 parts by weight of Lumogen Yellow 083 (BASF)
0.16 parts by weight of Lumogen Orange 240 (BASF)
0.40 parts by weight of Lumogen Red 305 (BASF)
added.

Of the The mixture is stirred vigorously, in a 10 mm thick String distanced silicate glass chamber filled and placed in a water bath polymerized at 45 ° C for about 16 hours. The final polymerization takes place in a tempering cabinet at 115 ° C for about 4 Hours.

you obtains a homogeneous red fluorescent plate of 10 mm thickness.

Example 2: Device with three layers

Green cover:

In 1000 parts by weight of prepolymeric methyl methacrylate syrup (Viscosity about 1,000 cP), 1 part by weight of 2,2'-azobis- (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) solved.

Then be
0.15 parts by weight of Lumogen Yellow 083 (BASF)
added.

Of the The mixture is stirred intensively, in a 3 mm thick cord distilled silicate glass chamber filled and in a water bath polymerized at 45 ° C for about 16 hours. The final polymerization takes place in a tempering cabinet at 115 ° C for about 4 Hours.

Red cover:

In 1000 parts by weight of prepolymeric methyl methacrylate syrup (Viscosity about 1000 cP), 1 part by weight of 2,2'-azobis- (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) solved.

Then be
0.40 parts by weight Lumogen Red 305 (BASF)
added.

Of the The mixture is stirred intensively, in a 3 mm thick cord distilled silicate glass chamber filled and in a water bath polymerized at 45 ° C for about 16 hours. The final polymerization takes place in a tempering cabinet at 115 ° C for about 4 Hours.

Inside:

In 1,000 parts by weight of prepolymeric methyl methacrylate syrup (Viscosity about 1,000 cP), 1 part by weight of 2,2'-azobis- (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) solved.

Then be
0.16 parts by weight of Lumogen Orange 240 (BASF)
added.

Of the The mixture is stirred intensively, in a 3 mm thick cord distanced chamber filled, which from the green and the red cover is formed, and in a water bath at 45 ° C polymerized for about 16 hours. The final polymerization takes place in a tempering cabinet at 115 ° C for about 4 hours.

you receives a three-layered fluorescent plate with the Total thickness 9 mm.

Result

From The experiments according to Ex. 1 and 2 were samples in the dimensions cut of about 10 × 10 mm and polished on all edges. Subsequently, the fluorescence intensity became a fluorescence spectrophotometer LS-55 (Perkin Elmer). The excitation was a daylight-like xenon light source used.

The maximum intensities and the associated wavelengths are recorded in Tab. Table 1 attempt Wavelength in nm Rel. Intensity Example 1 632 54 Example 2 577 487

Of the Example 2 shows a significantly higher intensity.

1

photonic layer

2

homogeneously colored luminescent fluorescence collector

21 22, 23

multilayered colored luminescent fluorescence collector

3

Reflector, z. Mirror or white plate

4, 41, 42, 43

at Fluorescence collector adapted solar cells

3.1

light source

3.2

surface the sample

3.3

edge the sample

3.4

detector

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - US 4110123 [0003]
• WO 2007/031446 [0004, 0041]
• US 5489297 [0005]
• - DE 10233684 [0009]
• - DE 10254276 [0009]
• EP 0113924A [0023]
• - EP 0522351 A [0023]
• EP 0465049 A [0023]
• - EP 0683028 A [0023]
• - JP 0347856 [0031]
• - DE 2544245 [0039]
• EP 570782 B [0039]
• EP 656548A [0039]
• US 2007/0132052 [0042]
• US 2007/0174939 [0042]
• WO 0229140 [0042]
• - WO 2004022637 [0042]
• WO 2006065054 [0042]
• - WO 2007073467 [0042]
• CA 20072589575 [0043]
• - EP 0767912 [0043]
• WO 9839822 [0043]
• - DE 10024466 [0047]
• - DE 10204338 [0047]
• - DE 10227071 [0047]
• - DE 10228228 [0047]
• - DE 102004055303 [0047]
• US 6863847 [0047]
• WO 0244301 [0047]
• - DE 10357681 [0047]
• - DE 102004009569 [0047]
• - DE 102004032120 [0047]
• - WO 2006045567 [0047]
• - DE 10245848 [0047]
• - DE 102006017163 [0047]

Cited non-patent literature

• - Appl. Phys. 14, 123 ff. (1977) [0003]
• - ISO 527/2 [0029]
• - Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 051903 (2007) [0043]
• - 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Valencia, 700 (2008) [0043]
• - At the. Chem. Soc. (2007), DOI 10.1021 / ja070058e [0043]
• Olaf Stenzel, The Physics of Thin Film Optical Spectra, Springer-Verlag [0045]
• - N. Kaiser, HK Pulker, "Optical Interference Coatings", Springer-Verlag [0045]

Claims (25)

Plastic moldings of polymethyl (meth) acrylate, characterized in that it is colored with at least one fluorescent dye. Multilayer plastic molded body Polymethyl (meth) acrylate, characterized in that it reacts with colored at least one fluorescent dye. Plastic moldings of polymethyl (meth) acrylate according to claim 2, characterized in that it consists of several individual plastic moldings containing at least one Colored fluorescent dye is built up. Plastic moldings of polymethyl (meth) acrylate according to claim 2, characterized in that it consists of individual bonded plastic moldings containing at least one Colored fluorescent dye is built up. Plastic moldings of polymethyl (meth) acrylate according to claim 2, characterized in that it consists of several Plastic moldings obtained by polymerization of a or several plastic moldings containing at least one fluorescent dye are colored between two other plastic moldings, dyed with at least one fluorescent dye are, have arisen, are constructed. Plastic moldings of polymethyl (meth) acrylate according to claim 2, characterized in that it consists of several Plastic moldings obtained by polymerization of a or several plastic moldings containing at least one fluorescent dye are colored between two other plastic moldings, colored with at least one other fluorescent dye are, have arisen, are constructed. Plastic moldings of polymethyl (meth) acrylate according to one of the preceding claims, characterized that it contains at least one organic fluorescent dye is colored. Plastic moldings of polymethyl (meth) acrylate according to one of the preceding claims, characterized that it contains at least one organic fluorescent dye dyed on the basis of rylene, perylene, terylene and / or quaterylene is. Plastic moldings of polymethyl (meth) acrylate according to one of the preceding claims, characterized that he is using at least one dye based on complex Lanthanoidverbindungen is colored. Plastic moldings of polymethyl (meth) acrylate according to one of the preceding claims, characterized that he uses at least one dye based on nanoscopic Semiconductor structures (Quantum Dots) is colored. Process for producing a plastic molding Polymethyl (meth) acrylate according to Claim 1, characterized that it is produced in a casting process, which comprises the following steps: solution of the dyes or the dye mixture in a monomer mixture of the monomer mixture into a chamber and then polymerizing by temperature increase. Arrangement of a plastic molded body according to claim 2 and a solar cell. Arrangement according to claim 3 to 6, characterized that a photonic layer on the plastic molding is arranged. Arrangement according to claim 3 to 6, characterized that a photonic layer of a dielectric interference filter is arranged. Arrangement according to claim 3 to 6, characterized that a photonic layer of a dielectric interference filter, which is designed as an edge filter is arranged. Arrangement according to claim 3 to 6, characterized that a photonic layer of a dielectric interference filter, which is designed as a bandpass filter, is arranged. Arrangement according to claim 3 to 6, characterized that a photonic layer consisting of photonic crystals is constructed, is arranged. Arrangement according to claim 3 to 6, characterized that a photonic layer formed as an inverse opal is, is arranged. Arrangement according to claim 3 to 6, characterized that a flat reflector under the plastic molding is arranged. Arrangement according to claim 3 to 6, characterized that as a reflector, a mirror under the plastic molding is arranged. Arrangement according to claim 3 to 6, characterized that as a reflector, a white foil or plate is arranged under the plastic molding. Arrangement according to claim 3 to 6, characterized that a photonic layer on the plastic molding and a reflector disposed under the plastic molding are. Arrangement according to claim 3 to 6, characterized that a photonic layer according to claim 13 to 17 the plastic molding and a reflector according to claim 19 or 20 are arranged under the plastic molding. Use of a plastic molding according to one of the claims 1 to 9 for the production of solar collectors. Use of an arrangement according to one of the claims 11 to 22 for the production of solar collectors.