DE102008052415A1 - Synchronizer ring for motor vehicle drive, has ring body including forming cage that guides friction elements in recesses, where friction elements are slidably and/or rotatably arranged in recesses and formed as roller bodies - Google Patents

Abstract

The ring (1) has a ring body including multiple recesses (3) for friction elements, and forming a cage that guides the friction elements in the recesses. The friction elements are slidably and/or rotatably arranged in the recesses. The friction elements are formed as roller bodies. The ring body is made of plastic or sheet metal using molding technique in a non-cut manner. The roller bodies are formed as balls, cylindrical rollers or tapered rollers. The friction elements are provided at a distance from each other by a bar of the ring body. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) a synchronization unit comprising a counter cone (2) a method for synchronization of two shafts.

Description

Field of the invention

The The invention relates to a synchronizer ring of a synchronizer a motor vehicle transmission with a ring body, which having a plurality of pockets, wherein in the pockets friction elements displaceable or are arranged rotatable.

Background of the invention

synchronizer rings a vehicle transmission are usually formed by a conical Friction ring with friction surfaces on its inner circumferential surface or its outer circumferential surface formed. Indicates the friction ring Friction surfaces on both lateral surfaces, referred to also as an intermediate ring. The friction surfaces of an intermediate ring stand during the synchronization process on the outer jacket frictionally engaged with one on the outer synchronizer ring trained friction surface in conjunction. At the same time there is one formed on the inner circumferential surface of the intermediate ring Friction surface with a friction surface of an inner Synchronous ring in frictional engagement. The outer synchronizer ring is positively connected to the synchronizer body and attacks, for example via driving lugs on his formed in the smaller diameter side and radially inward are directed, in recesses of the inner synchronizer ring. Of the inner synchronizer ring is thus on the outer synchronizer ring also form-fitting with the synchronizer body connected.

A Such synchronizer consists of many items and is therefore expensive to produce. For mass production it has proved to be suitable, forming rings from forming technology To produce sheet metal without cutting. The rings produced by deformation However, they usually have a friction surface, the required Accuracies are not enough. In general, therefore, is one machining or honing required. Will be a friction document glued to a friction surface, so transfer Any inaccuracies of the ring body on the Friction surface, which in turn must be refinished. The Applying a friction lining by, for example, bonding is therefore expensive and expensive.

A chipless manufactured synchronizer ring is for example from the DE 35 19 810 A1 known. Such synchronizer rings must have a very precise roundness. As a rule, this is achieved by a subsequent honing, which, however, is expensive.

To avoid this problem is in DE 10 2006 061 414 A1 proposed to provide a synchronizer ring with pockets, wherein in the pockets individual friction elements are slidably and / or rotatably supported. The friction elements can change their position with respect to the ring body by a small clearance, which makes it possible to compensate for both production inaccuracies of the ring body and that of the counter-cone '.

adversely In this good solution is that the friction elements or the friction layer of non-cage-like synchronizer rings unintentionally rub unintentionally at their respective counter-cone can. This grinding manifests itself by an increased drag torque, which in turn increases fuel consumption entails. Furthermore, the wear is increased, and unwanted sounds are generated.

Object of the invention

Of the Invention is therefore the object of this described To avoid disadvantages and a synchronizer ring and a method to provide synchronization with very low drag losses.

According to the invention this object by means of the characterizing part of claim 1 solved in that the synchronizer ring a ring body having pockets in the form of a cage ring, wherein in the Pocket rolling elements are arranged. Works according to the invention such a ring body in the unswitched state as a rolling bearing. The drag moments are at sporadic and temporally relatively short clash of the ring body on the counter-cone by the rolling motion of the rolling elements reduced to a minimum.

Becomes switched a gear, the synchronizer ring is moved axially, and it lies both on the synchronizer body and on the counter cone, which is directly or indirectly connected to the gear wheel on. By the temporal load due to the longer acting, axially directed force in the synchronization process on the conical Ring body without possibility of avoidance of the synchronizer ring the rolling motion is prevented, since then the rolling elements to get stuck. During this synchronization process the ring body works like a classic friction ring a friction lining.

In a further development of the invention, the rolling elements can change their position with respect to the annular body by a small clearance. This makes it possible to compensate both manufacturing inaccuracies of the annular body and the counter cone '. Advantageously, thus eliminating not only the reworking of the ring body, but also the post-processing of frictionally engaged mating surfaces. The invention thus also enables a more favorable production, for example egg nes outer and inner synchronizer ring.

The rolling elements are during synchronization only via a line or point contact with the Gegenreibfläche in operative connection. This is in direct comparison to the in DE 10 2006 061 414 A1 disclosed synchronizer ring, wherein the friction elements lie flat against the counter cone, the friction surface apparently lower. In tests, however, it has been found that always only a few sections of the synchronizer ring simultaneously contribute to the synchronization during synchronization. The effectively friction surface rubbing at the same time is therefore not so much less, as a mere geometric consideration would suggest. Due to the large number of individually arranged on the ring body rolling elements uniform loading of the synchronizer ring is ensured.

The Bags of the synchronizer ring are called pockets or windows of the mold adapted to the friction elements. In a development of the invention the pockets are larger than the friction elements formed and have on at least one side retaining lugs, which are the friction elements to lead.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention is the Ring body without cutting and forming technology made of sheet metal. In this case, it is beneficial to have the pockets in the ring body bring in before the synchronizer ring, for example by deep drawing is brought into its final form. In a particularly simple way Way thin-walled sheet material is used from the the pockets are punched out. It is also possible To use strip material as a starting material, the perforated and is bent annularly.

Of the Ring body can also be made of a plastic material be. He is very light and can, for example, by spraying be manufactured very inexpensively.

The Rolling elements are separate from the ring body manufactured and at the same time or successively with the machine Ring body connected. They can be very cost effective because it is not accurate in mass production Dimensional accuracy arrives, since the manufacturing inaccuracies by the arrangement according to the invention can be compensated.

Farther the tolerance problem is easily solved by that it pays off in mass production, with tolerances subdivided rolling elements into classes and uniformly from a class to match.

In a development of the invention, the rolling elements a coating on. The coating is advantageously extreme wear-resistant, so that the life of the synchronizer by deforming rolling elements not excessively reduced becomes.

rolling elements are very simply shaped components. The coating of these components therefore succeeds in a simple and cost-effective way, since on adjacent assemblies such as a toothing on a synchronizer ring during coating no consideration has to be taken. Furthermore, due to the design no dimensional stability of Coating required because of the springy suspension the rolling elements in the pockets also coating inaccuracies can be compensated. Alternatively, the exist Rolling element completely from the friction material.

The Invention allows for different uses to use the same ring body. For the respective application can then according to the Modular principle in each case the suitable rolling elements be paired. Deviating from previous coated intermediate rings can also be different according to the invention Friction materials in a simple manner in the same synchronizer use. These are friction elements made of different materials alternately placed in the pockets.

When have suitable materials for the rolling elements Above all, very hard materials such as ceramics proved. Also a combination of different materials in a ring is conceivable.

The Rolling elements are in the installed state of each other spaced in the circumferential direction. Thereby are from the axial ends formed of the synchronizer ring extending in the axial direction grooves. The Grooves serve to absorb the oil, which during synchronization incurred friction heat and that already during the Synchronization process must be dissipated.

The The invention also relates to synchronization with at least one Synchronizer ring according to claim 1 and one a Gegenreibfläche having a countercone. The counter cone can, for example, directly be arranged on the gear wheel or directly on the synchronizer body. Alternatively, the counter-cones are at an outer Synchron ring or arranged on an inner synchronizer ring. By the freedom of movement of the rolling elements in the annular body can also manufacturing inaccuracies of these mating surfaces be added so that it is not necessary to post-process them. hereby is a cost savings also with the other components of the Synchronizer achieved.

The Rolling elements are in a variant of the invention formed as balls. It is possible, per bag to arrange not only one ball, but also several.

A larger load is caused by rolling elements recorded in roll form. Here are under roles both cylindrical Shapes such as needles as well as, for example, tapered rollers, which are particularly suitable for the cone shape.

The Task is also supported by a method for synchronizing two Waves solved. The two shafts are each rotatable with Reibkonen in operative connection. According to the invention the Reibkonen in turn via a synchronizer ring with rolling elements Synchronizable according to claim 1, wherein during the synchronization is a frictional engagement between the components and in the free-running, unswitched state, the rolling elements can roll on the respective Gegenkonen.

The Invention thus makes it possible, a simple way To provide a friction ring for a synchronization that has a low drag torque and little wear.

Brief description of the drawings

The Invention will be explained below with reference to several drawings. Show it:

1 a cross section of a synchronizer,

2 a cross section of a synchronizer according to the invention with a synchronous outer ring, an intermediate ring and an inner synchronizer ring,

3 a perspective view of the annular body of an intermediate ring without rolling elements,

4 a perspective view of the annular body of another intermediate ring with rolling elements and

5 a single rolling element as a cylindrical roller.

Detailed description the drawings

1 shows by way of example a synchronizer with an outer synchronizer ring 19 , a synchronous intermediate ring 18 and an inner syn chronring 21 , A synchronous body 13 is fixed with an internal toothing for rotationally fixed arrangement on a transmission shaft. In addition to the synchronizer body 13 is a gear wheel 16 arranged. With the gear wheel 16 is a coupling body 17 connected, in its recesses 17a driver cams 18a an intermediate ring 18 intervention. The intermediate ring 18 forms with the counter friction surface 9 of the outer synchronizer ring 19 as a counter-cone 8th a first friction pairing 20 and with the counter friction surface 9 ' of the inner synchronizer ring 21 a second friction pairing 22 , The counter friction surfaces 9 and 9 ' are not post-processed. The connection from the gear wheel 16 and synchronous body 13 via the sliding sleeve 14 ,

The inboard 21a of the inner synchronizer ring 21 is interrupted by recesses and partly by a paragraph of the synchronizer body 13 covered. The heel engages in the recesses, and the inner synchronizer ring 21 is thus form-fitting with the synchronizer body 13 connected. The outer synchronizer ring 19 is over its board form-fitting with the synchronizer body 13 connected. The positive connection of the outer synchronizer ring 19 with the synchronizer body 13 takes place via recesses 19a his board.

2 shows a synchronizer ring package 23 consisting of an outer synchronizer ring 19 , an intermediate ring 18 and an inner synchronizer ring 21 , Between the outside 19 and the inner one 21 Synchronizer ring are friction elements 4 in recesses 3 of the intermediate ring 18 arranged.

The 3 and 4 each show a synchronizer ring 1 as an intermediate synchronizing ring 18 with a ring body 2 and bags 3 , which are formed almost rectangular. Here are the bags 3 arranged equidistantly and extend in the axial direction. Between the bags 3 forms the basic material of the ring body 2 groove 12 that drain the oil. The rolling elements 4 will be in the execution 4 through guide tabs 15 supported.

5 shows a rolling element 4 in the form of a cylindrical roller, with a friction coating 25 is provided.

1

synchronizer ring

2

ring body

3

recess

4

friction

5

first friction

6

second friction

7

structure area

8th

counter-cone

9 9 '

counter friction

10

axial The End

11

axial The End

12

groove

13

synchronizer

14

sliding sleeve

15

guide nose

16

gear wheel

17

clutch body

17a

recess

18

intermediate ring

18a

driver cams

19

outer synchronizer ring

19a

recess

20

first friction pairing

21

internal synchronizer ring

21a

inboard

22

second friction pairing

23

Synchronizer ring package

24

(Not busy)

25

friction coating

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 3519810 A1 [0004]
• DE 102006061414 A1 [0005, 0011]

Claims (13)

Synchronizer ring ( 1 ) for a synchronizer of a motor vehicle transmission with a ring body ( 2 ), wherein the annular body ( 2 ) several pockets ( 3 ) for friction elements ( 4 ) and forms a cage, the friction elements ( 4 ) in the pockets ( 3 ), wherein the friction elements ( 4 ) in the recesses ( 3 ) are arranged displaceably and / or rotatably, characterized in that the friction elements ( 4 ) are formed as rolling elements. Synchronizer ring according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular body ( 2 ) is produced without cutting and forming technology from sheet metal. Synchronizer ring according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular body ( 2 ) is made of a plastic material. Synchronizer ring according to claim 1, characterized that the rolling elements are designed as balls. Synchronizer ring according to claim 1, characterized that the rolling elements are formed as cylindrical rollers are. Synchronizer ring according to claim 1, characterized that the rolling elements designed as tapered rollers are. Synchronizer ring according to claim 1, characterized that the rolling elements with a ceramic coating are provided. Synchronizer ring according to claim 1, characterized in that the friction elements ( 4 ) as the first friction elements ( 5 ) and second friction elements ( 6 ) are formed of different materials. Synchronizer ring according to claim 1, characterized in that the friction elements ( 4 ) by webs of the annular body ( 2 ) are spaced from each other, so that this from the axial ends ( 10 . 11 ) starting from axial grooves ( 12 ) having. Synchronizing device with at least one synchronizer ring according to claim 1 and one a counter friction surface ( 9 ) having a counter cone ( 8th ), characterized in that the counter friction surface ( 9 ) is not post-processed. Synchronizing device according to the preamble of claim 10, characterized in that the rolling elements under the action of an axial switching force with the counter-cone ( 8th ) are frictionally connected and in the absence of this switching force in the unswitched state on the counter cone ( 8th ) are unrolled. Use of a roller bearing cage with rolling elements as a synchronizer ring. Method for synchronizing two shafts, wherein a first friction cone ( 8th ) is rotatably connected to the first shaft, a second Reibkonus ( 8th' ) is rotatably connected to the second shaft and - in the unsynchronized state, the two shafts have a speed difference and the Reibkonen ( 8th . 8th' ) with each other by a synchronizer ring ( 1 ) are in rolling friction with each other, - wherein during synchronization between the Reibkonen ( 8th . 8th' ) by a on the synchronizer ring ( 1 ) applied axial force finally a frictional connection is made.