DE102008046724B4 - Semiconductor device - Google Patents
Semiconductor device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102008046724B4 DE102008046724B4 DE102008046724.3A DE102008046724A DE102008046724B4 DE 102008046724 B4 DE102008046724 B4 DE 102008046724B4 DE 102008046724 A DE102008046724 A DE 102008046724A DE 102008046724 B4 DE102008046724 B4 DE 102008046724B4
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- layer
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- semiconductor device
- semiconductor element
- compound
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Abstract
Halbleitervorrichtung mit einem Halbleiterelement (1), das auf einem Bestandteil (4; 102; 107; 109; 110; 113) der Halbleitervorrichtung angeordnet ist, und mit einem ersten Verbindungsabschnitt (2), der den Bestandteil (4; 102; 107; 109; 110; 113) der Halbleitervorrichtung mit dem Halbleiterelement (1) verbindet, wobei der erste Verbindungsabschnitt (2) umfaßt: eine erste Schicht (11) auf Ni-Basis auf dem Bestandteil (4; 102; 107; 109; 110; 113) der Halbleitervorrichtung; eine erste intermetallische Verbindungsschicht (10) auf der ersten Schicht (11) auf Ni-Basis, die als Hauptkomponente eine Cu-Ni-Sn-Verbindung enthält; und eine Schicht (9) aus einem Lot auf Sn-Basis zwischen der ersten intermetallischen Verbindungsschicht (10) und dem Halbleiterelement (1), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Cu-Ni-Sn-Verbindung in der ersten intermetallischen Verbindungsschicht (10) durch ein Sn-Lot mit (1–10) Massen-% Cu und (0,05–0,5) Massen-% Ni in der Lot-Schicht (9) erhalten ist, das auskristallisiert, ausfällt oder sich zu der ersten Schicht (11) auf Ni-Basis bewegt.Semiconductor device with a semiconductor element (1) which is arranged on a component (4; 102; 107; 109; 110; 113) of the semiconductor device, and with a first connection section (2) which the component (4; 102; 107; 109 ; 110; 113) of the semiconductor device to the semiconductor element (1), the first connecting portion (2) comprising: a first Ni-based layer (11) on the component (4; 102; 107; 109; 110; 113) the semiconductor device; a first intermetallic compound layer (10) on the first Ni-based layer (11) containing a Cu-Ni-Sn compound as a main component; and a layer (9) made of an Sn-based solder between the first intermetallic compound layer (10) and the semiconductor element (1), characterized in that the Cu-Ni-Sn compound in the first intermetallic compound layer (10) by a Sn solder with (1-10) mass% Cu and (0.05-0.5) mass% Ni is contained in the solder layer (9), which crystallizes out, precipitates or becomes the first layer (11 ) moved on a Ni base.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Halbleitervorrichtung, bei der zum Auflöten von Elementen ein bleifreies Lot verwendet wird. Insbesondere betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung eine Halbleitervorrichtung für eine Hochtemperaturumgebung wie zum Beispiel eine Halbleitervorrichtung, die dazu verwendet wird, den von einem in einem Fahrzeug angeordneten Wechselstromgenerator (Drehstromgenerator) erzeugten Wechselstrom in einen Gleichstrom umzuwandeln.The present invention relates to a semiconductor device in which a lead-free solder is used for soldering elements. More particularly, the present invention relates to a semiconductor device for a high-temperature environment such as a semiconductor device used to convert the AC power generated by a vehicle-mounted alternator into a DC power.
Hinsichtlich einer Halbleitervorrichtung für einen Betrieb bei hohen Temperaturen, etwa einer Halbleitervorrichtung, die dazu verwendet wird, den von dem in einem Fahrzeug befindlichen Wechselstromgenerator mit einem vom Motor des Fahrzeugs in Drehung versetzten Anker erzeugten Wechselstrom in einen Gleichstrom umzuwandeln, ist ein Aufbau bekannt, bei dem darauf geachtet wird, die thermischen Spannungen aufgrund des Unterschieds zwischen dem thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizient eines Halbleiterelements und dem einer Elektrode zu verringern, damit das Halbleiterelement Temperaturzyklen mit stark wechselnden Temperaturen aushält (
Aus Umweltschutzgründen werden jedoch Halbleitervorrichtungen bevorzugt, bei denen das Verbindungsmaterial kein Blei enthält, das die Umwelt stark belastet. Es gibt zwar bleifreies Lot mit einem Schmelzpunkt in der Nähe des Schmelzpunktes eines hoch bleihaltigen Lots, es sind dies Lote auf Goldbasis wie Au-20Sn (eutektisch, 280°C), Au-12Ge (eutektisch, 356°C), Au-3,15Si (eutektisch, 363°C). Diese Lote sind jedoch extrem teuer. Au-20Sn mit dem kleinsten Goldgehalt ist ein Hartlot und daher nicht dafür geeignet, Spannungen auszugleichen, wenn ein Halbleiterelement mit einer großen Fläche befestigt wird, so daß die Gefahr besteht, daß das Halbleiterelement bricht.For environmental reasons, however, semiconductor devices are preferred in which the bonding material contains no lead, which pollutes the environment. While there is a lead-free solder with a melting point near the melting point of a high-lead solder, these are gold-based solders such as Au-20Sn (eutectic, 280 ° C), Au-12Ge (eutectic, 356 ° C), Au-3 , 15Si (eutectic, 363 ° C). These solders are extremely expensive. Au-20Sn with the smallest gold content is a brazing alloy and therefore not suitable for equalizing stress when a semiconductor element having a large area is fixed, so that there is a danger that the semiconductor element will break.
Zum Anbringen von Bauteilen auf einem Substrat wird oft ein Lot auf Sn-Basis für mittlere Temperaturen verwendet, das einen Schmelzpunkt von 200°C oder darüber aufweist. In einer Umgebung mit Temperaturen bis zu 150°C ergibt sich damit eine zuverlässige Verbindung. Wenn sich ein derart angelötetes Bauteil im Betrieb für längere Zeit in einer Umgebung mit einer Temperatur von 200°C und mehr befindet, treten jedoch an der Verbindungsfläche Grenzflächenreaktionen auf, und die Zuverlässigkeit der Verbindung nimmt durch das Entstehen von Hohlräumen, dem Entstehen von intermetallischen Verbindungen und dergleichen ab. Es ist bekannt, daß in Hochleistungsmodulen wie LEDs und dergleichen das Entstehen von Hohlräumen an der Grenzfläche aufgrund der Wärmeerzeugung durch den fließenden Strom die Zuverlässigkeit der Verbindung herabsetzt.For mounting components on a substrate, Sn-based solder is often used for medium temperatures having a melting point of 200 ° C or above. In an environment with temperatures up to 150 ° C, this results in a reliable connection. However, when a component soldered in this way is in an environment of a temperature of 200 ° C. or more for a long time, interfacial reactions occur on the connection surface, and the reliability of the connection decreases due to the generation of voids, the formation of intermetallic compounds and the like. It is known that in high power modules such as LEDs and the like, the generation of voids at the interface due to heat generation by the flowing current degrades the reliability of the connection.
Zum Unterdrücken der Grenzflächenreaktionen bei einem Lot auf Sn-Basis schlägt die japanische Patentschrift
Bei diesen bekannten Vorgehensweisen ergeben sich jedoch die im folgenden angeführten Nachteile, weshalb die jeweiligen Anordnungen nicht für Halbleitervorrichtungen geeignet sind, die in einer Umgebung mit hoher Temperatur betrieben werden oder die aufgrund des Erzeugens von Wärme durch den durch die Halbleitervorrichtung fließenden Strom sehr heiß werden. Insbesondere sind die bekannten Anordnungen nicht für Halbleitervorrichtungen oder Hochleistungsmodule geeignet, die in einem in einem Fahrzeug angeordneten Wechselstromgenerator (Drehstromgenerator) verwendet werden.However, in these prior art methods, there are the drawbacks mentioned below, and therefore, the respective arrangements are not suitable for semiconductor devices which are operated in a high-temperature environment or which become very hot due to the generation of heat by the current flowing through the semiconductor device. In particular, the known arrangements are not suitable for semiconductor devices or high-power modules used in an on-vehicle alternator (alternator).
Bei der Anordnung nach der japanischen Patentschrift
Im Falle der
Wenn wie im Fall einer Drehstromgeneratordiode durch diese beim Schalten des elektrischen Stroms ein Strom von einigen zehn Ampere fließt, entstehen im Verbindungsabschnitt des Halbleiterelements Hohlräume der in der
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Halbleitervorrichtung mit einem bleifreien Lot zu schaffen, das keine großen Umweltprobleme verursacht, bei dem die Zuverlässigkeit der Verbindungen hoch ist, auch wenn die Halbleitervorrichtung für lange Zeit bei einer hohen Temperatur von 200°C und mehr verwendet wird, und das mit geringeren Kosten hergestellt werden kann als im Stand der Technik. Es sollen zudem keine Hohlräume im Verbindungsabschnitt eines Halbleiterelements der Halbleitervorrichtung entstehen, wenn ein großer elektrischer Strom fließt.The object of the present invention is to provide a lead-free solder semiconductor device which does not cause great environmental problems in which the reliability of the connections is high even when the semiconductor device is used for a long time at a high temperature of 200 ° C and more , and that can be produced at a lower cost than in the prior art. Moreover, no voids are to be formed in the connecting portion of a semiconductor element of the semiconductor device when a large electric current flows.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit der Halbleitervorrichtung nach Patentanspruch 1 bzw. 7 gelöst. Die Unteransprüche beschreiben vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Halbleitervorrichtung.This object is achieved with the semiconductor device according to
Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden im folgenden anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawings. Show it:
Zuerst soll nun der Aufbau des Löt-Verbindungsabschnitts erläutert werden, der ein wesentliches Merkmal der beschriebenen Halbleitervorrichtung darstellt.First, the structure of the solder joint portion will be explained, which is an essential feature of the described semiconductor device.
Wie in der
Es wird nun die optimale Zusammensetzung für den Löt-Verbindungsabschnitt
Die
Um bei der Ausbildung der Lötverbindung eine gute Benetzbarkeit zu erhalten, ist es vorteilhaft, ein Lot mit einer Zusammensetzung zu wählen, deren Liquiduslinientemperatur gleich der Verbindungstemperatur ist oder darunter liegt. Wenn jedoch die Cu-Konzentration im Lot größer ist als 10 Massen-%, liegt die Liquiduslinientemperatur bei 450°C und mehr, so daß die Gefahr besteht, daß ein aufzubringendes Halbleiterelement beim Herstellen der Verbindung Schaden nimmt. Wenn dagegen die Cu-Konzentration im Lot kleiner ist als 1 Massen-%, wird auf der Ni-Schicht keine Diffusions-Sperrschicht ausgebildet, so daß wie bei dem in der
Unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Zunahme der Dicke der Ni-Schicht liegt für die optimale Lotzusammensetzung zum Ausbilden des Löt-Verbindungsabschnitts die Cu-Konzentration daher im Bereich von größer 1 Massen-% und kleiner 10 Massen-%. Vorzugsweise liegt die Cu-Konzentration im Bereich von 5 bis 10 Massen-%.Therefore, from the viewpoint of increasing the thickness of the Ni layer, for the optimum solder composition for forming the solder joint portion, the Cu concentration is in the range of greater than 1 mass% and less than 10 mass%. Preferably, the Cu concentration is in the range of 5 to 10 mass%.
Die
Wie in der
Die
Durch die Zugabe von Ni zu der optimalen Zusammensetzung des Lots zum Ausbilden des Löt-Verbindungsabschnitts kann somit das Entstehen von Hohlräumen unterdrückt werden. Vorzugsweise liegt die Ni-Konzentration im Bereich von 0,05 Massen-% bis 0,5 Massen-%.Thus, by adding Ni to the optimum composition of the solder for forming the solder joint portion, the generation of voids can be suppressed. Preferably, the Ni concentration is in the range of 0.05 mass% to 0.5 mass%.
Es reicht dabei aus, auf dem anzuschließenden Material nur die Schicht auf Ni-Basis aus Ni, Ni-P, Ni-B und dergleichen durch Beschichten, etwa Galvanisieren, aufzubringen. Es ist somit nicht nötig, wie im Fall der eingangs genannten
Bei der in der
Wie in der
Durch das Auskristallisieren, Ausfällen oder Bewegen der Cu-Ni-Sn-Verbindung in dem Lot auf Sn-Basis zum Ausbilden der Sperrschicht hängt die Dicke der Sperrschicht vom Anteil der Verbindung im Lot ab, so daß durch geeignetes Einstellen des Verbindungsanteils leicht eine Sperrschicht mit einer optimalen Dicke hergestellt werden kann.By crystallizing, precipitating or moving the Cu-Ni-Sn compound in the Sn-based solder to form the barrier layer, the thickness of the barrier layer depends on the proportion of the compound in the solder, so that by appropriately adjusting the junction ratio, a barrier layer is liable to be involved an optimum thickness can be produced.
Das Lot kann nicht nur durch das Auflegen der Lötfolie
Es wird nun eine erste Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Halbleitervorrichtung mit einem Löt-Verbindungsabschnitt der beschriebenen Art erläutert.A first embodiment of the semiconductor device according to the invention with a solder connection section of the type described will now be explained.
Wie der
Das Sri-Lot kann jeweils von einer Lötfolie gebildet werden. Zur Ausbildung der Verbindungen werden die Lötfolien und die obigen Elemente in der beschriebenen Reihenfolge in eine Positionierlehre eingesetzt. In einem Ofen werden bei einer Temperatur von 380°C für 4 Minuten in einer reduzierenden Atmosphäre, bei der zu Stickstoff 50% Wasserstoff zugemischt wird, die Elemente des Stapels miteinander verbunden. Dann wird am Umfang des Verbindungsabschnitts Silikongummi
An jedem Löt-Verbindungsabschnitt
Bei der ersten Ausführungsform der
Wenn bei dem Verbindungsabschnitt des Halbleiterelements ein Sn-Lot mit (1–10) Massen-% Cu und (0,05 bis 0,5) Massen-% Ni verwendet wird, in dem auch bei großen elektrischen Strömen so gut wie keine Hohlräume entstehen, und für die anderen Verbindungsabschnitte ein Lot auf Sn-Basis verwendet wird, das einen großen Anteil an Cu6-Sn5-Phase enthält, etwa die in der
Bei der vorliegenden Ausführungsform wurde die ganze Struktur in einem Zug hergestellt. Die Struktur kann jedoch auch in einzelne Teile aufgeteilt werden. Wenn im Temperaturbereich von Raumtemperatur bis 200°C sowohl Lot auf Sn-Basis, das die Cu6Sn5-Phase enthält, als auch das Sn-Lot mit (1–10) Massen-% Cu und (0,05 bis 0,5) Massen-% Ni verwendet werden, wird der Verbindungsprozeß vorteilhaft im Temperaturbereich von 220°C bis 450°C und in einer reduzierenden Atmosphäre oder einer inerten Atmosphäre ausgeführt. Dadurch wird die bevorzugte Verbindung erhalten, ohne daß ein Fließen auftritt. Wenn die Verbindung in einer inerten Atmosphäre erhalten wird, kann eine Oxidation des Lots und der einzelnen Bauteile verhindert werden, so daß eine gute Verbindung entsteht.In the present embodiment, the whole structure was made in one go. However, the structure can also be divided into individual parts. In the temperature range from room temperature to 200 ° C, both Sn-based solder containing the Cu6Sn5 phase and Sn solder having (1-10) mass% Cu and (0.05 to 0.5) masses % Ni are used, the bonding process is advantageously carried out in the temperature range of 220 ° C to 450 ° C and in a reducing atmosphere or an inert atmosphere. Thereby, the preferred compound is obtained without a flow occurs. If the compound is obtained in an inert atmosphere, oxidation of the solder and the individual components can be prevented, so that a good connection is formed.
Bei der vorliegenden Ausführungsform wurde zwischen dem Halbleiterelement
Für das Augleichsmaterial
Als thermisches Ausgleichsmaterial
Die in der
Die in der
Durch das Anwenden der Löt-Verbindungsstruktur bei der Verbindung des Halbleiterelements wird bei der vorliegenden Ausführungsform eine Grenzflächenreaktion in einer Umgebung, die sich auf hoher Temperatur befindet, verhindert und das Entstehen von Hohlräumen im Verbindungsabschnitt durch die Wärme, die der fließende Strom erzeugt, unterdrückt. Es reicht dabei aus, wenn die Löt-Verbindungsstruktur der
Die vierte Ausführungsform der Halbleitervorrichtung ist wie in der
Außer bei den beschriebenen Ausführungsformen kann der Löt-Verbindungsabschnitt, der mit der eine Cu-Ni-Sn-Verbindung als Hauptkomponente enthaltenden Verbindung eine Sperrschicht zwischen der Schicht aus einem Lot auf Sn-Basis und der Schicht auf Ni-Basis bildet, auch bei verschiedenen anderen Halbleitervorrichtungen angewendet werden. Zum Beispiel kann bei der Halbleitervorrichtung der
Bei allen Ausführungsformen kann die Schicht auf Ni-Basis aus Ni, Ni-P oder Ni-B bestehen, und auf der Schicht auf Ni-Basis kann sich wenigstens eine weitere Schicht aus Au, Ag oder Pd befinden. Das Au, Ag oder Pd diffundiert bei der Herstellung der Lötverbindung vollständig in das Lot, so daß die Benetzbarkeit erhöht wird, ohne daß die Ausbildung der Verbindungsschicht auf der Schicht auf Ni-Basis davon beeinträchtigt wird.In all embodiments, the Ni-based layer may be Ni, Ni-P or Ni-B, and at least one further layer of Au, Ag or Pd may be on the Ni-based layer. The Au, Ag or Pd completely diffuses into the solder in the preparation of the solder joint, so that the wettability is increased without impairing the formation of the compound layer on the Ni-based layer thereof.
In der Tabelle 1 sind die Ergebnisse hinsichtlich der Zuverlässigkeit des Löt-Verbindungsabschnitts an experimentellen Beispielen und Vergleichsbeispielen aufgelistet, wobei die Verbindungsfestigkeit zwischen dem Halbleiterelement und dem jeweils damit verbundenen Bestandteil der Halbleitervorrichtung nach einem Temperaturzyklustest und nach einer bestimmen Verweilzeit bei hoher Temperatur an der Halbleitervorrichtung der ersten Ausführungsform gemessen wurden. Wenn die Verbindungsfestigkeit nach dem Test 80% oder mehr der Verbindungsfestigkeit vor dem Test entspricht, wird sie mit ”G” für ”Gut” bezeichnet, und wenn die Verbindungsfestigkeit nach dem Test weniger als 80% beträgt, wird sie mit ”B” für ”Bad” oder ”Schlecht” bezeichnet. Hinsichtlich des thermischen Ermüdungstests wird die thermische Widerstandsfluktuation, wenn sie 200% oder weniger der thermischen Widerstandsfluktuation zu Beginn beträgt, mit ”G” bezeichnet, und wenn die thermische Widerstandsfluktuation größer ist als 200% der thermischen Widerstandsfluktuation zu Beginn, wird sie mit ”B” bezeichnet.In Table 1, the results concerning the reliability of the solder joint portion on experimental examples and comparative examples are listed, wherein the bonding strength between the semiconductor element and the respectively associated constituent of the semiconductor device after a temperature cycle test and after a certain high temperature residence time at the semiconductor device first embodiment were measured. If the bond strength after the test is 80% or more of the bond strength before the test, it is called "G" for "good", and if the bond strength after the test is less than 80%, it is labeled "B" for " Bad or Bad. With regard to the thermal fatigue test, the thermal resistance fluctuation when it is 200% or less of the initial thermal resistance fluctuation is referred to as "G", and when the thermal resistance fluctuation is larger than 200% of the initial thermal resistance fluctuation, it is denoted by "B" designated.
Experimentelle Beispiele 1 bis 4:Experimental Examples 1 to 4:
In den experimentellen Beispielen 1 bis 4 wurde nach dem Temperaturzyklustest, bei dem ein Temperaturzyklus von –40°C (30 min) und 200°C (30 min) 500 mal wiederholt wurde, festgestellt, daß der Löt-Verbindungsabschnitt eine Verbindungsfestigkeit aufweist, die 80% oder mehr der Verbindungsfestigkeit zu Beginn der Untersuchung beträgt. Auch nach einer Verweilzeit von 1000 Stunden bei 200°C weisen alle Halbleitervorrichtungen der Beispiele 1 bis 4 eine Verbindungsfestigkeit auf, die 80% oder mehr der Verbindungsfestigkeit zu Beginn beträgt. Die thermische Widerstandsfluktuation vor dem Test und nach dem Test liegt im Bereich von 10%. Nach dem thermischen Ermüdungstest, bei dem das Halbleiterelement durch Zuführen eines elektrischen Stroms von 35 A auf 200°C aufgeheizt und durch Abschalten des elektrischen Stroms wieder auf 50°C abgekühlt wird und der 10.000 mal wiederholt wird, liegt die thermische Widerstandsfluktuation innerhalb von 200% der thermischen Widerstandsfluktuation zu Beginn.In Experimental Examples 1 to 4, after the temperature cycle test in which a temperature cycle of -40 ° C (30 min) and 200 ° C (30 min) was repeated 500 times, it was found that the soldering Connecting portion has a connection strength that is 80% or more of the bond strength at the beginning of the investigation. Even after a residence time of 1000 hours at 200 ° C, all the semiconductor devices of Examples 1 to 4 have a bonding strength which is 80% or more of the bonding strength at the beginning. The thermal resistance fluctuation before the test and after the test is in the range of 10%. After the thermal fatigue test in which the semiconductor element is heated by supplying an electric current of 35 A to 200 ° C and cooled by switching off the electric current to 50 ° C and repeated 10,000 times, the thermal resistance fluctuation is within 200%. the thermal resistance fluctuation at the beginning.
Experimentelle Beispiele 5 bis 8:Experimental Examples 5 to 8:
In den experimentellen Beispielen 5 bis 8 wurde nach dem Temperaturzyklustest, bei dem ein Temperaturzyklus von –40°C (30 min) und 200°C (30 min) 500 mal wiederholt wurde, ebenfalls festgestellt, daß der Löt-Verbindungsabschnitt eine Verbindungsfestigkeit aufweist, die 80% oder mehr der Verbindungsfestigkeit zu Beginn der Untersuchung beträgt. Auch nach einer Verweilzeit von 1000 Stunden bei 200°C weisen alle Halbleitervorrichtungen der Beispiele 5 bis 8 eine Verbindungsfestigkeit auf, die 80% oder mehr der Verbindungsfestigkeit zu Beginn beträgt. Die thermische Widerstandsfluktuation vor dem Test und nach dem Test liegt im Bereich von 10%. Nach dem thermischen Ermüdungstest, bei dem das Halbleiterelement durch Zuführen eines elektrischen Stroms von 35 A auf 200°C aufgeheizt und durch Abschalten des elektrischen Stroms wieder auf 50°C abgekühlt wird und der 10.000 mal wiederholt wird, liegt die thermische Widerstandsfluktuation innerhalb von 200% der thermischen Widerstandsfluktuation zu Beginn.In Experimental Examples 5 to 8, after the temperature cycle test in which a temperature cycle of -40 ° C (30 min) and 200 ° C (30 min) was repeated 500 times, it was also found that the solder joint portion has a bonding strength. which is 80% or more of the bond strength at the beginning of the test. Even after a residence time of 1000 hours at 200 ° C, all the semiconductor devices of Examples 5 to 8 have a bonding strength which is 80% or more of the bonding strength at the beginning. The thermal resistance fluctuation before the test and after the test is in the range of 10%. After the thermal fatigue test in which the semiconductor element is heated by supplying an electric current of 35 A to 200 ° C and cooled by switching off the electric current to 50 ° C and repeated 10,000 times, the thermal resistance fluctuation is within 200%. the thermal resistance fluctuation at the beginning.
Experimentelles Beispiel 9:Experimental Example 9:
In dem experimentellen Beispiel 9 wurde nach dem Temperaturzyklustest, bei dem ein Temperaturzyklus von –40°C (30 min) und 200°C (30 min) 500 mal wiederholt wurde, auch festgestellt, daß der Löt-Verbindungsabschnitt eine Verbindungsfestigkeit aufweist, die 80% oder mehr der Verbindungsfestigkeit zu Beginn der Untersuchung beträgt. Auch nach einer Verweilzeit von 1000 Stunden bei 200°C weist die Halbleitervorrichtung des Beispiels 9 eine Verbindungsfestigkeit auf, die 80% oder mehr der Verbindungsfestigkeit zu Beginn beträgt. Die thermische Widerstandsfluktuation vor dem Test und nach dem Test liegt im Bereich von 10%. Nach dem thermischen Ermüdungstest, bei dem das Halbleiterelement durch Zuführen eines elektrischen Stroms von 35 A auf 200°C aufgeheizt und durch Abschalten des elektrischen Stroms wieder auf 50°C abgekühlt wird und der 10.000 mal wiederholt wird, liegt die thermische Widerstandsfluktuation innerhalb von 200% der thermischen Widerstandsfluktuation zu Beginn.In Experimental Example 9, after the temperature cycle test in which a temperature cycle of -40 ° C (30 min) and 200 ° C (30 min) was repeated 500 times, it was also found that the solder joint portion had a bonding strength of 80 % or more of bond strength at the beginning of the test. Even after a residence time of 1000 hours at 200 ° C, the semiconductor device of Example 9 has a bonding strength which is 80% or more of the bonding strength at the beginning. The thermal resistance fluctuation before the test and after the test is in the range of 10%. After the thermal fatigue test in which the semiconductor element is heated by supplying an electric current of 35 A to 200 ° C and cooled by switching off the electric current to 50 ° C and repeated 10,000 times, the thermal resistance fluctuation is within 200%. the thermal resistance fluctuation at the beginning.
Experimentelle Beispiele 10 bis 12:Experimental Examples 10 to 12:
In den experimentellen Beispielen 10 bis 12 wurde nach dem Temperaturzyklustest, bei dem ein Temperaturzyklus von –40°C (30 min) und 200°C (30 min) 500 mal wiederholt wurde, wiederum festgestellt, daß der Löt-Verbindungsabschnitt eine Verbindungsfestigkeit aufweist, die 80% oder mehr der Verbindungsfestigkeit zu Beginn der Untersuchung beträgt. Auch nach einer Verweilzeit von 1000 Stunden bei 200°C weisen alle Halbleitervorrichtungen der Beispiele 10 bis 12 eine Verbindungsfestigkeit auf, die 80% oder mehr der Verbindungsfestigkeit zu Beginn beträgt. Die thermische Widerstandsfluktuation vor dem Test und nach dem Test liegt im Bereich von 10%. Nach dem thermischen Ermüdungstest, bei dem das Halbleiterelement durch Zuführen eines elektrischen Stroms von 35 A auf 200°C aufgeheizt und durch Abschalten des elektrischen Stroms wieder auf 50°C abgekühlt wird und der 10.000 mal wiederholt wird, liegt die thermische Widerstandsfluktuation innerhalb von 200% der thermischen Widerstandsfluktuation zu Beginn.In Experimental Examples 10 to 12, after the temperature cycle test in which a temperature cycle of -40 ° C (30 min) and 200 ° C (30 min) was repeated 500 times, it was again found that the solder joint portion has a bonding strength. which is 80% or more of the bond strength at the beginning of the test. Even after a residence time of 1000 hours at 200 ° C, all the semiconductor devices of Examples 10 to 12 have a bonding strength that is 80% or more of the bonding strength at the beginning. The thermal resistance fluctuation before the test and after the test is in the range of 10%. After the thermal fatigue test in which the semiconductor element is heated by supplying an electric current of 35 A to 200 ° C and cooled by switching off the electric current to 50 ° C and repeated 10,000 times, the thermal resistance fluctuation is within 200%. the thermal resistance fluctuation at the beginning.
Vergleichsbeispiele 1 bis 3:Comparative Examples 1 to 3:
In den Vergleichsbeispielen 1 bis 3 wurde nach dem Temperaturzyklustest, bei dem ein Temperaturzyklus von –40°C (30 min) und 200°C (30 min) 500 mal wiederholt wurde, festgestellt, daß der Löt-Verbindungsabschnitt eine Verbindungsfestigkeit aufweist, die 80% oder mehr der Verbindungsfestigkeit zu Beginn der Untersuchung beträgt. Nach einer Verweilzeit von 1000 Stunden bei 200°C wird an den Vergleichsbeispielen 1 und 2 jedoch festgestellt, daß die Verbindungsfestigkeit des Löt-Verbindungsabschnitts weniger als 80% der Verbindungsfestigkeit zu Beginn beträgt. Bei einer Untersuchung des Verbindungsquerschnitts wurde festgestellt, daß sich an der Grenzfläche zwischen der Lotschicht und der intermetallischen Verbindungsschicht
Vergleichsbeispiele 4 und 5:Comparative Examples 4 and 5:
In den Vergleichsbeispielen 4 und 5 wurde nach dem Temperaturzyklustest, bei dem ein Temperaturzyklus von –40°C (30 min) und 200°C (30 min) 500 mal wiederholt wurde, sowie nach einer Verweilzeit von 1000 Stunden bei 200°C festgestellt, daß der Löt-Verbindungsabschnitt eine Verbindungsfestigkeit aufweist, die 80% oder mehr der Verbindungsfestigkeit zu Beginn der Untersuchung beträgt. Nach einer 10.000-fachen Wiederholung des Zyklusses des thermischen Ermüdungstests steigt jedoch die thermische Widerstandsfluktuation auf einen Wert an, der über 200% der thermischen Widerstandsfluktuation zu Beginn liegt. Es wird angenommen, daß die Wärmefestigkeit wegen der Erzeugung einer großen Anzahl von Hohlräumen im Verbindungsabschnitt des Halbleiterelements im thermischen Ermüdungstest wie in der
Vergleichsbeispiel 6:Comparative Example 6:
Im Vergleichsbeispiel 6 wurde nach dem Temperaturzyklustest, bei dem ein Temperaturzyklus von –40°C (30 min) und 200°C (30 min) 500 mal wiederholt wurde, sowie nach einer Verweilzeit von 1000 Stunden bei 200°C festgestellt, daß der Löt-Verbindungsabschnitt eine Verbindungsfestigkeit aufweist, die 80% oder mehr der Verbindungsfestigkeit zu Beginn der Untersuchung beträgt. Nach einer 10.000-fachen Wiederholung des Zyklusses des thermischen Ermüdungstests steigt jedoch die thermische Widerstandsfluktuation auf einen Wert an, der über 200% der thermischen Widerstandsfluktuation zu Beginn liegt. Es wird angenommen, daß die Wärmefestigkeit wegen der Erzeugung einer großen Anzahl von Hohlräumen im Verbindungsabschnitt des Halbleiterelements im thermischen Ermüdungstest wie in der
Wie beschrieben kann somit eine Halbleitervorrichtung erhalten werden, die eine gute Zuverlässigkeit ihrer Verbindungen aufweist, auch wenn sie bei einer Temperatur betrieben wird, die knapp unter dem Schmelzpunkt des Lots auf Sn-Basis liegt, bei der die Diffusionsgeschwindigkeit hoch ist, da eine Verbindungsschicht ausgebildet wird, die über der Schicht auf Ni-Basis liegt und die als Hauptkomponente eine Cu-Ni-Sn-Verbindung enthält. Diese Verbindungsschicht bildet eine Sperrschicht zwischen dem Lot auf Sn-Basis und der Ni-Beschichtung, so daß, wenn große Ströme fließen und sich das Halbleiterelement stark erwärmt, die Verbindung an der Grenzfläche nicht wächst und das Entstehen von Hohlräumen im Verbindungsabschnitt des Halbleiterelements vermieden wird.Thus, as described, a semiconductor device having good reliability of its interconnections can be obtained even when operated at a temperature just below the melting point of the Sn-based solder in which the diffusion speed is high since a bonding layer is formed which overlies the Ni-based layer and which contains as a main component a Cu-Ni-Sn compound. This compound layer forms a barrier layer between the Sn-based solder and the Ni coating, so that when large currents flow and the semiconductor element heats up strongly, the bond at the interface does not grow and the generation of voids in the connection portion of the semiconductor element is avoided ,
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TWI476878B (en) * | 2012-05-10 | 2015-03-11 | Univ Nat Chiao Tung | Electric connecting structure comprising preferred oriented cu5sn5 grains and method of fabricating the same |
JP5938390B2 (en) * | 2012-12-25 | 2016-06-22 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | Power module |
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US9676047B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-06-13 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method of forming metal bonding layer and method of manufacturing semiconductor light emitting device using the same |
DE102017119344A1 (en) | 2017-08-24 | 2019-02-28 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Carrier and component with buffer layer and method for producing a component |
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