DE102008046624A1 - Bearing rail element i.e. raceway ring, manufacturing method for e.g. double-row taper roller bearing, in wind turbine, involves partially or completely connecting bearing rail elements, hardening rail elements, and separating rail elements - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves providing two bearing rail elements (10), where the bearing rail elements are made of roller bearing steel and are in the form of raceway rings. The bearing rail elements are connected with each other partially or completely using a connecting piece (24). The connected bearing rail elements are hardened by induction hardening process. The hardened bearing rail elements are separated from each other by a groove (22) or by cutting. An independent claim is also included for a bearing arrangement comprising an external bearing ring.

Description

Field of the invention

The The invention relates to a method for producing a raceway a bearing assembly and a bearing assembly, which at least has such a career. The bearing arrangement can in this case in particular have large dimensions and, for example, as a Rolling be formed.

In Many bearings applications are very large Warehouse as so-called. Einlagerkonzepte needed and used. These large warehouses can have different types, including, for example, four-point bearings, cross roller bearings, tapered roller bearings, Cylindrical roller bearings or special designs. This camp can in this case, for example, each formed single-row or multi-row be.

To the In wind turbines, for example, double-row tapered roller bearings have become an example or multi-row roller bearings used. From the state of the art For example, a three-row roller bearing is known, d. H. one Axial-radial cylindrical roller bearings, with inductively hardened Raceways. However, such a bearing has the disadvantage that there is no has favorable kinematics. Next, the camp has a limited Load capacity, as well as a reduced service life.

Of Further, from the prior art is a double-row roller bearing known, d. H. a double row tapered roller bearing, with bearing rings made of bearing steel, which are through hardened or a case hardening steel or a tempered steel with Edge layer hardened raceways have. A camp out However, tempered steel has the disadvantage that its carrying capacity is restricted. Furthermore, its life is reduced. In addition, there is a special case of bearing rings of case-hardened steel the risk of cracking or distortion in the rings in the heat treatment, where also deviations can occur on the mounting holes.

A large warehouse, such as a rotor bearing is exposed due to high forces and moments of significant component stress. Therefore, it is advantageous to use a tough material as possible. When using cost-effective tempered steels, in which the surface layer of the raceways is inductively hardened, due to the deviation after DIN ISO 281 be expected with a reduced load capacity and thus a shorter life. In the case of the specifically high stresses in the bearing, a relatively large surface hardening layer is again required. However, this is manufacturing technology problematic, especially in the production of large bearings.

at the use of case hardened steel with surface hardening are in turn very complex heat treatment processes, like carburizing, annealing, hardening and tempering, necessary, which greatly increase the manufacturing cost of the camp.

At the Case hardening steel and bearing steel are also the changes in the ring diameters due to the heat treatment sometimes very unfavorable. So it can be difficult prove due to distortion, such as positional tolerances to comply with the holes in the outer ring, to Fixing the bearing to the adjacent construction. Furthermore are when using a through hardened bearing steel, the production costs compared to a tempered steel with an inductively hardened surface layer much higher. Due to the cost and competitive situation will come in the future therefore possibly also tempered steels stronger for use.

From the DE 37 25 027 A1 Furthermore, a large roller bearing or a wire rolling bearing with a flat wire is known. Such slewing bearings are in accordance with the DE 37 25 027 A1 used for applications in which the bearing rings are made of a material that does not have sufficient surface hardness to accommodate the rolling forces. The bearing rings of such bearings then consist for example of aluminum or plastic, while the inserted running wires are made of hardened steel. The wire race bearing according to the DE 37 25 027 A1 has an outer ring and an inner ring, wherein in a recess of the split outer bearing ring, a rectangular radial tread wire is inserted. The tread wire is disc-shaped and divided segment-shaped. The running wire is made of steel and hardened and ground. The running wire further has raceways on which roll radial rows of rollers and axial rows of rollers. The rollers are supported in the inner bearing ring via semi-circular wires. These semicircular cords prevent by their flexibility high edge pressures between the rolling elements and the tread wire.

Such a camp as it is in the DE 37 25 027 A1 is disclosed, but has the disadvantage that in the production of the raceways, these can warp during curing and thereby the life of the bearing is reduced. Furthermore, the bearing rings, for example made of plastic or aluminum, are not suitable for high loads.

Furthermore, from the DE 24 60 120 a centerless single row wire ball bearing known. The wire ball bearing has an inner ring and an outer ring, which consist of light metal. For further construction of the wire ball bearing includes two run wires, which are made of a profile material, preferably using hardened steel. The running wires are guided in grooves of the mutually facing sides of the two bearing rings. Between the running wires of the outer and inner ring while the balls of the wire ball bearing are arranged.

One However, such bearing also has the disadvantage that the run wires can warp during hardening and thereby the life of the bearing is reduced.

Therefore It is the object of the present invention, an improved Method for producing a raceway for a bearing or to provide a bearing assembly.

The Asked object is achieved by a Method with the features of claim 1 and a method solved with the features of claim 7.

Accordingly, becomes According to the invention, a method is provided, for producing a bearing track element for use in a bearing arrangement as Bearing track use. According to the procedure, first at least two or more bearing track elements provided, the connected to each other. The interconnected bearing track elements are hardened first or a hardening process subjected. Subsequently, the hardened Bearing track elements separated from each other.

A Such method for producing a raceway of a bearing assembly has the advantage that the bearing track elements a much lower distortion have, since the bearing track elements initially with each other are connected when they are hardened and only afterwards be separated. This makes it possible in particular relative produce thin bearing track elements without much delay.

According to the Another method according to the invention is for the production a bearing track element for use in a bearing assembly as Lagerbahneinsatz, first a mold and a mold provided. The mold and the shape are used to one Lagerbahnelementrohling in a bearing track element with a desired Form to transform. The Lagerbahnelementrohling is doing first as far as heated or heated until it is one for forming having suitable temperature. Subsequently, the heated Lagerbahnelementrohling, when it is still red-hot formed, wherein he pressed this purpose with the mold in the mold or counter-mold or pressed. Subsequently, the deformed bearing track element is hardened.

The Procedure has the advantage that it is particularly cost-effective is and also a bearing track element with a low distortion can be prepared by first reshaping and then hardening becomes.

These and further advantageous embodiments and further developments of Invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the Description with reference to the drawings.

According to one Embodiment of the invention, the bearing track elements consist of bearing steel. The bearing track elements preferably consist of hardened, especially through hardened, bearing steel.

According to one Embodiment of the invention, the bearing track elements at least partially flat or substantially full surface connected with each other. By the connection of the bearing track elements, especially relatively thin bearing track elements when hardening a lesser distortion occurs in the bearing track elements.

In a further embodiment of the invention are the bearing track elements via a connector connected to each other, wherein between the bearing track elements at least a groove is provided. This has the advantage that the bearing track elements easier to separate after curing in which only the connector can be must be severed.

According to one another embodiment of the invention the hardening of the bearing track elements is done, for example by means of an inductive hardening process. in principle but any other hardening process can be used with which the bearing track elements can be cured properly. The bearing track elements in this case, for example, through hardened.

In a further embodiment of the invention the separation of the bearing track elements takes place, for example, by parting off. In principle, however, any other separation method can be used be, for example, the bearing track elements also be separated by sawing, just an example of to name many.

In another embodiment of the invention, the mold and the mold or counter-mold for forming the bearing element blank, for example, a conical shape. As a result, a bearing track element made who the, for example, a tapered roller bearing. However, the mold and the mold or counter-mold may also have any other shape instead of a conical shape to form a bearing track member blank suitable so that it can be used as a raceway insert in a corresponding bearing.

According to one another embodiment of the invention the formed bearing track element is in a hardness fixture hardened, for example by means of an inductive hardening process or another hardening process, with which the bearing track element can be cured properly. The bearing track element is while hardened, for example. According to one another embodiment of the invention the hardening takes place during the forming or directly after the forming. This is advantageous because of to be hardened Lagerbahnelementrohling already the necessary Temperature has. According to another invention Embodiment, the deformed bearing track element blank be reheated before curing. This can be ensured be that he reaches the necessary temperature.

According to one another embodiment of the invention the bearing assembly has at least one or both rows of rolling elements a cage on.

According to one another embodiment of the invention For example, the bearing assembly has an outer bearing ring and, for example one or two inner races on with an axial row of rolling elements and one or two radial rows of rolling elements.

According to one another embodiment of the invention the bearing assembly, the outer bearing ring has a raceway on, on one or both sides of a bearing track element as a career use has, and the respective inner bearing ring has a bearing track element as raceway insert for the radial row of rolling elements on.

According to one another embodiment of the invention the bearing assembly has the outer bearing ring and the inner bearing ring one bearing track element as a raceway insert for the axial rolling element row on.

According to one another embodiment of the invention the bearing assembly have one or both inner bearing rings an inner ring element For example, from a tempering steel on which the radial or axial Wälzköperreihe against a corresponding Paragraph of the outer bearing ring supports.

According to one another embodiment of the invention the bearing assembly is an intermediate ring between two inner bearing rings provided for adjusting a game between the inner bearing rings is.

According to one another embodiment of the invention the bearing assembly has the outer bearing ring and / or at least an inner bearing ring at least one mounting hole on, for attachment on a surrounding construction.

The Invention will be described below with reference to the schematic figures the drawings specified embodiments closer explained. Show it:

1 a sectional view of several inventive bearing web element, which are produced according to a first manufacturing method according to the invention;

2 a view of a first manufacturing step for manufacturing a bearing track element according to a second manufacturing method according to the invention;

3 a view of a second manufacturing step for manufacturing the raceway according to the second manufacturing method according to the invention;

4 a sectional view through a first bearing assembly with separately manufactured bearing track elements according to an embodiment of the invention; and

5 a sectional view through a second bearing assembly with separately manufactured bearing track elements according to an embodiment of the invention.

In all figures are the same or functionally identical elements and devices - if nothing else is indicated - with the same reference numerals been provided.

In 1 a sectional view is shown in which a plurality of bearing track elements 10 , here in the form of raceway rings, are cured coherently before they are separated from each other following the curing process. Such bearing track elements 10 or here raceway rings are in bearing arrangements 12 used and form the raceways 14 for the rolling elements 16 the bearing arrangement 12 ,

The bearing rings of the bearing assembly 12 , For example, the outer ring 18 and / or the inner bearing ring 20 , For example, can be made of inexpensive, unhardened steel or other suitable material. to Production of the hardened bearing track elements 10 or raceway rings, by contrast, for example, well suitable roller bearing steels can be used. As an alternative to the rolling bearing steels, for example, tempered steels, case hardening steels or other hardenable steels can be used. The bearing track elements 10 are preferably slip-free and through hardened in both cases.

As these hardened bearing track elements 10 may have relatively large diameters, for example, diameter can be formed to 1000 mm and larger and relatively thin-walled, preferably over the manufacturing method of the invention, several hardened bearing track elements 10 made as in 1 is shown. Due to the fact that several bearing track elements 10 are cured coherently before they are separated, results in a significantly lower distortion than in the raceways, as they are known in the art, which are individually cured. In a preferred embodiment, the contiguous bearing track elements 10 at least one or for example two grooves 22 to subsequently separate them.

As in 1 are shown, for example, two bearing track elements 10 , here in the form of two raceway rings, connected to each other, for example via two grooves each 22 , The two connected raceway rings 10 are first subjected to a hardening process in a first step to the raceway rings 10 to harden, for example, completely durchzuhärten. For example, an inductive hardening method or any other hardening method that is suitable for the raceway rings can be used as hardening method 10 to harden.

The provision of grooves 22 , against a substantially full-surface connection of both raceway rings 10 , has the advantage that the hardened raceway rings 10 only have to be separated in a small cross-section, for example by a hard parting of the connecting piece 24 between the raceway rings 10 that through the grooves 22 is formed.

Instead, as in the present case, as in 1 is shown, for example, as bearing track elements 10 to use slightly wider hardened rings attached to their connector 24 can be separated, the bearing track elements 10 be formed segmented and optionally be substantially full surface connected to each other, or have one or more grooves before they are separated from each other after the curing process on their connector.

Another example of a method according to the invention for the production of bearing track elements 10 is in the 2 and 3 shown. In 2 In this case, an output body or a Lagerbahnelementrohling 26 , For example, in the form of a disc-shaped ring made of bearing steel, first formed. For this purpose, the bearing element blank 26 or the disc-shaped ring initially heated so far that he with a corresponding mold 28 in a mold 30 pressed and this in a desired bearing track element 10 can be reshaped, as in 3 is shown. The disc-shaped ring 26 As a result, for example, in a cone-shaped raceway ring 10 formed by the cone-shaped mold 28 and the conical shape 30 ,

The raceway ring 10 is then subjected to a hardening process, for example an inductive hardening process or another hardening process, with which the raceway ring 10 can be cured properly. This second method according to the invention has the advantage that it is particularly cost-effective, since, for example, large disks made of bearing steel can be produced, these being red hot formed and then hardened, for example, on a hardness fixture. The bearing track elements 10 or raceway rings can also be formed segmented or divided.

When determining the wall thickness for the hardened bearing track elements 10 , here raceway rings, as they were previously with respect to 1 to 3 The stresses in rolling contact, ie the results from bearing calculations, must be set or taken into account and preferably applied with appropriate safety margins. At the transition raceway ring 10 / Bearing support ring 18 . 22 In this case, no increased voltages should occur. In the joint raceway ring 10 / Bearing support ring 18 . 22 In essence, only the corresponding low, distributed compressive forces from the rolling stresses should occur.

In 4 is an example of a bearing arrangement 12 shown which raceway rings as bearing track elements 10 comprises, which are prepared according to the first or second inventive method and serve as a raceway insert. The bearing arrangement 12 Here, for example, forms a double-row tapered roller bearing, in which the raceway rings 10 as separate raceways in a row of rolling elements 32 are inserted, on which the Wälzköper 34 roll. The bearing consists for example of a first and second inner bearing ring 20 between which an intermediate ring 36 is arranged to determine the clearance or the clearance between the inner bearing rings 20 adjust. Of Another is an outer bearing ring 18 provided, wherein the outer bearing ring 18 For example, at least one mounting hole 38 may be for attachment to a surrounding structure (not shown).

Between the outer bearing ring 18 and the respective inner bearing ring 20 is the first or second row of rolling elements 32 arranged. The outer bearing ring 18 and the second inner bearing ring 20 have, for example, a corresponding recording 34 in the form of a recess, in each of which an inventive hardened raceway ring 10 is used. Basically, such raceway rings 10 also on the first inner bearing ring 20 and corresponding to the outer bearing ring 18 for the first row of rolling elements 32 be provided.

The rolling elements 16 the rows of rolling elements 32 are further, for example, each in a cage 40 arranged or connected to this. Such a bearing arrangement 12 With hardened treads has the advantage that it is inexpensive to manufacture and has a greater load capacity than bearing assemblies in which the tracks have only an inductively hardened surface layer.

In the 5 is another embodiment of a bearing assembly 12 shown with bearing track elements 10 , which are prepared for example according to the first method of the invention. The bearing arrangement 12 consists of two inner bearing rings 20 which are bolted together. Furthermore, an outer bearing ring 18 intended. The bearing arrangement 12 has two radial rows of rolling elements 32 and an axial row of rolling elements 32 on. The inner bearing rings 20 have appropriate recordings 34 on, for receiving disc-shaped, hardened bearing track elements 10 , here disc-shaped raceway rings, for the two radial rows of rolling elements 32 and the axial row of rolling elements 32 ,

The outer bearing ring 18 is further with a race 42 formed, wherein the raceway 42 on both opposite sides in each case a recording 34 for receiving each a hardened raceway ring 10 for the two axial Wälzköperreihen 32 , At the front of the race 42 of the outer bearing ring 18 is also a receptacle for a raceway ring provided for the radial row of rolling elements. In addition, the two inner bearing rings 20 one recording each 34 for an inner ring element 44 on, which may for example consist of a tempering steel. These inner ring elements 44 serve to the respective axial row of rolling elements 32 against a paragraph 46 of the outer bearing ring 18 support.

Since the bearing rings, ie outer bearing rings 18 or inner bearing rings 20 For example, bolted to a connecting structure or axially clamped to safely transmit forces and moments have, for example, the outer bearing rings 18 and / or inner races 20 a mounting hole 38 , In the present case, as in 5 is shown, the outer bearing ring 18 For example, a through hole and threaded hole as a mounting hole 38 on.

The invention, as described herein with reference to the figures, includes, for example, single-row or multi-row roller bearings with separate, for example, relatively thin, through-hardened raceway rings, which are used without play in the bearing uncured bearing rings. The respective bearing arrangement 12 or the respective bearing can also consist of several bearing rings and raceway systems. Typical types of bearings are multi-row roller bearings, such as axial-radial cylindrical roller bearings, radial and axial tapered roller bearings or double-row tapered roller bearings, to name just a few examples. These designs can also be combined with each other. However, the invention is not limited to these bearing arrangements but generally includes all types of rolling bearings.

The attachment of the bearing track elements 10 , here the raceway rings, with the Lagertragring 18 . 20 For example, by means of press fit and / or gluing and / or a mechanical connection, for example by means of one or more feather keys, to the bearing track elements 10 To prevent slipping or twisting on the raceway rings.

With the new bearing design with the bearing track elements used 10 The manufacturing costs and the dimensional deviations of the mounting holes for the bearing can be kept very low. Nevertheless, with this bearing design continue high forces and tilting moments can be transmitted safely and due to the high load capacity the greatest possible computational life can be achieved.

Even though the present invention described above with reference to the preferred embodiments it is not limited to that, but to manifold ones Modifiable manner. The embodiments described above are combined with each other, in particular individual features from that.

10

Raceway element

12

bearing arrangement

14

career

16

rolling elements

18

Outer bearing ring

20

Inner bearing ring

22

groove

24

joint

26

Bearing race element blank

28

mold

30

shape

32

rolling body row

34

admission

36

intermediate ring

38

mounting hole

40

Cage

42

race

44

Inner ring member

46

paragraph

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 3725027 A1 [0008, 0008, 0008, 0009]
• - DE 2460120 [0010]

Cited non-patent literature

• - DIN ISO 281 [0005]

Claims (15)

Method for producing a bearing track element ( 10 ) for use in a bearing arrangement ( 12 ) as a bearing track insert, with the steps: - providing at least two bearing track elements ( 10 ), wherein the bearing track elements ( 10 ), - hardening of the bearing track elements ( 10 ), and - separating the hardened bearing track elements ( 10 ). Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the bearing track elements ( 10 ) consist of bearing steel. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bearing track elements ( 10 ) are at least partially or substantially completely interconnected. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the bearing track elements ( 10 ) via a connector ( 24 ) and at least one groove ( 22 ) are separated from each other. Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the hardening of the bearing track elements ( 10 ) takes place, for example, by means of an inductive hardening method, wherein the bearing track elements ( 10 ), for example, through hardened. Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the bearing track elements ( 10 ) are separated by tapping, for example. Method for producing a bearing track element ( 10 ) for use in a bearing arrangement ( 12 ) as a bearing track insert, comprising the steps of: - providing a molding tool ( 28 ) and a form ( 30 ) for forming a bearing track element blank ( 26 ) in a bearing track element ( 10 ), - heating a bearing track element blank ( 26 ) to a suitable temperature for forming, - forming the heated Lagerbahnelementrohlings ( 26 ), by the Lagerbahnelementrohling ( 26 ) by means of the molding tool ( 28 ) in the form ( 30 ), and - hardening of the bearing track element ( 10 ). Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the bearing track element ( 10 ) is cured in a hardness fixture, for example by means of an inductive hardening process. Method according to at least one of the claims 7 to 8, characterized in that the hardening during forming or directly after forming he follows. Method according to at least one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the deformed bearing track element blank ( 26 ) is reheated before curing. Method according to at least one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the molding tool ( 28 ) and the form ( 30 ) have a conical shape to the Lagerbahnelementrohling ( 26 ) in a conical bearing track element ( 10 ), for example, a conical bearing track ring. Lagerbahnelement that with a method according to at least one of claims 1 to 11 is produced. Bearing arrangement with at least one or more Bearing track elements, which according to a method according to at least one of claims 1 to 11 prepared are. Bearing arrangement according to claim 13, characterized in that the bearing arrangement ( 12 ) an outer bearing ring ( 18 ) and, for example, one or two inner bearing rings ( 20 ) having one or two rows of rolling elements ( 32 ). Bearing arrangement according to claim 14, characterized in that at least one or both rows of rolling elements ( 32 ) of the bearing assembly ( 12 ) on the side of the outer bearing ring ( 18 ) and / or at least one of the inner bearing rings ( 20 ) a bearing track element ( 10 ) as a raceway insert and wherein the bearing assembly ( 12 ) Is designed for example as a tapered roller bearing and / or ball roller bearings.