DE102008035465A1 - Method for fixing plastic component at metal component, involves forming thermoplastic component, which is permanently fixed to metal component by hardened composition - Google Patents

Method for fixing plastic component at metal component, involves forming thermoplastic component, which is permanently fixed to metal component by hardened composition Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102008035465A1
DE102008035465A1 DE102008035465A DE102008035465A DE102008035465A1 DE 102008035465 A1 DE102008035465 A1 DE 102008035465A1 DE 102008035465 A DE102008035465 A DE 102008035465A DE 102008035465 A DE102008035465 A DE 102008035465A DE 102008035465 A1 DE102008035465 A1 DE 102008035465A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
component
thermoplastic
curable composition
metal
layer
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
DE102008035465A
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German (de)
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DE102008035465B4 (en
Inventor
Henning Dr. Gleich
Olaf Hoyer
Matthias Schulenburg
Michael Minkow
Özden Kaya
Matthias Jäger
Hans Schumacher
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Inpro Innovationsgesellschaft fuer Fortgeschrittene Produktionssysteme in der Fahrzeugindustrie mbH
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Inpro Innovationsgesellschaft fuer Fortgeschrittene Produktionssysteme in der Fahrzeugindustrie mbH
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Priority to DE102008035465.1A priority Critical patent/DE102008035465B4/en
Publication of DE102008035465A1 publication Critical patent/DE102008035465A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5057—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like positioned between the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/64—Joining a non-plastics element to a plastics element, e.g. by force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B29C65/7805—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring the parts to be joined comprising positioning features
    • B29C65/7808—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring the parts to be joined comprising positioning features in the form of holes or slots
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B29C65/782—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/7823—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined by using distance pieces, i.e. by using spacers positioned between the parts to be joined and forming a part of the joint
    • B29C65/7826—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined by using distance pieces, i.e. by using spacers positioned between the parts to be joined and forming a part of the joint said distance pieces being non-integral with the parts to be joined, e.g. particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B29C65/782—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/7823—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined by using distance pieces, i.e. by using spacers positioned between the parts to be joined and forming a part of the joint
    • B29C65/7829—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined by using distance pieces, i.e. by using spacers positioned between the parts to be joined and forming a part of the joint said distance pieces being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7855—Provisory fixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/302—Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators
    • B29C66/3022—Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/304—Joining through openings in an intermediate part of the article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5346—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1412—Infrared [IR] radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1425—Microwave radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B29C65/485—Multi-component adhesives, i.e. chemically curing as a result of the mixing of said multi-components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/94—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time
    • B29C66/949—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time characterised by specific time values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/748—Machines or parts thereof not otherwise provided for
    • B29L2031/749—Motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M11/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
    • F01M11/0004—Oilsumps
    • F01M2011/0091—Oilsumps characterised by used materials

Abstract

The method involves forming a thermoplastic component (1), which is permanently fixed to a metal component (2) by a hardened composition. The outer side component is formed integrally with the metal component to connect a thermoplastic surface, and is aligned with multiple metal components. A glass-fiber reinforced polyamide is utilized in manufacturing of motor component. An independent claim is included for a method for fixing a component at another component, at which the former component is fixed by a layer of hardened composition.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Fixieren eines Bauteils mit einer Kunststoffoberfläche an einem Metallbauteil, an dem ersteres mittels einer Schicht einer aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung befestigt wird, deren Adhäsion im ausgehärteten Zustand ausreichend groß ist, um das Bauteil mit der Kunststoffoberfläche an dem Metallbauteil dauerhaft zu befestigen, wobei ersteres zumindest während des Aushärtens der Schicht der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung, die zwischen dem Bauteil mit der Kunststoffoberfläche und dem Metallbauteil positioniert wird, an letzterem fixiert wird.The The invention relates to a method for fixing a component with a plastic surface on a metal component, on the the former by means of a layer of a curable composition is fixed, whose adhesion is cured in the Condition is sufficiently large, around the component with the plastic surface permanently attached to the metal component, the former at least during the curing of the layer of curable Composition between the component with the plastic surface and the metal component is positioned, is fixed to the latter.

Bei einem bekannten derartigen Verfahren ( DE 19902817 A1 ; EP 1 147 296 B1 ) wird zum Anbringen der Ölwanne an einen Motorblock einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine eine Silikonmasse als aushärtbare Zusammensetzung eingesetzt, deren Adhäsion im ausgehärteten Zustand ausreichend groß ist, um die Ölwanne am Motorblock zu halten. Um die Ölwanne zumindest während des Aushärtens der Silikonmasse an dem Motorblock zu fixieren, wird der Ölwannenrand konstruktiv so gestaltet, dass beim Fügen der Ölwanne an den Motorblock eine selbstständige Fixierung erfolgt. Hierzu werden die Ölwanne mit einem Fixierrand und der Motorblock mit einem Flansch ausgerüstet, an dem der Fixierrand zur Fixierung der Ölwanne einschnappt.In a known such method ( DE 19902817 A1 ; EP 1 147 296 B1 ) is used for attaching the oil pan to an engine block of an internal combustion engine, a silicone composition as a curable composition whose adhesion in the cured state is sufficiently large to hold the oil pan on the engine block. In order to fix the oil pan to the engine block at least during the curing of the silicone mass, the oil pan edge is structurally designed so that when joining the oil pan to the engine block, an independent fixation takes place. For this purpose, the oil pan with a fixing edge and the engine block are equipped with a flange on which the fixing edge snaps to fix the oil pan.

Bekannt ist auch ( EP 1 889 776 A1 ), geometrietolerante, zumindest als Umhüllung oder Außenmantel eine Thermoplastschicht aufweisende Verstärkungsprofile in eine offene Hohlprofilstruktur eines Bauteils mit vorbestimmten Anpreßdruck einzudrücken und dabei die Thermoplastschicht jedes Verstärkungsprofils lokal zu erwärmen und gezielt aufzuschmelzen sowie das jeweilige Verstärkungsprofil in die Verbindungsposition zwischen den entsprechenden Innenwandbereichen der offenen Hohlprofilstruktur zu bewegen und an diese konturenmäßig mit den plastifizierten Bereichen anzupassen. Bei der anschließenden Abkühlung des jeweiligen Verbundes wird jedes Verstärkungselement ohne einen Haftvermittler mit den entsprechenden Innenwandbereichen der offenen Hohlprofilstruktur des Bauteils haftsicher verbunden.Also known is ( EP 1 889 776 A1 ), geometry-tolerant, at least as a sheathing or outer sheath depressing a thermoplastic layer reinforcing profiles in an open hollow profile structure of a component with predetermined contact pressure and thereby locally heat the thermoplastic layer of each reinforcing profile and selectively melt and the respective reinforcing profile in the connection position between the corresponding inner wall portions of the open hollow profile structure move and adapt to these contours with the plasticized areas. During the subsequent cooling of the respective composite, each reinforcing element is adhesively bonded without adhesion promoter to the corresponding inner wall regions of the open hollow profile structure of the component.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs erwähnten Art zur Verfügung zu stellen, mit dem ein Bauteil mit zumindest einem Außenmantel aus Kunststoff, das mit einer aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung an einem Metallbauteil dauerhaft zu befestigen ist, an letzterem über die Aushärtezeit der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung hinaus auf einfache und effektive Weise ohne die Notwendigkeit mechanisch konstruktiver Maßnahmen fixiert werden kann. Zugleich soll für die Möglichkeit eines geeigneten Einstellens einer definierten Dicke der die beiden Bauteile dauerhaft miteinander verbindenden Klebstoffschicht und für eine flüssigkeitsdichte Fixierverbindung gesorgt werden.Of the Invention is based on the object, a method of the initially to provide the type mentioned, with the a component having at least one outer sheath made of plastic, that with a curable composition on a metal component permanently to attach to the latter over the curing time the curable composition addition to simple and effective way without the need for mechanical design Measures can be fixed. At the same time should be for the possibility of a suitable adjustment of a defined thickness the two components permanently interconnecting adhesive layer and for a liquid-tight fixing compound be taken care of.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass

  • – das an dem Metallbauteil mittels der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung dauerhaft zu befestigende Bauteil mindestens aussenseitig aus einem Thermoplast gebildet und
  • – dessen mit dem Metallbauteil zu verbindende Thermoplastoberfläche einstückig mit einer Vielzahl auf das Metallbauteil auszurichtenden und im Abstand zueinander angeordneten Abstandshaltern und thermoplastischen Vorsprüngen (Opfernasen) einer Höhe ausgebildet wird, die gleich der bzw. größer als die Dicke der zwischen der Thermoplastoberfläche und der Metalloberfläche vorzusehenden Schicht der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung ist, und
  • – die thermoplastischen Vorsprünge (Opfernasen) temporär aufgeschmolzen, auf die gegenüberliegende Oberfläche des Metallbauteils plastifiziert aufgepreßt und bei ihrer anschließenden Abkühlung unmittelbar in eine mit der Metalloberfläche feste Verbindung gebracht werden, durch die über die Aushärtezeit der Schicht der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung hinaus die erforderliche Fixierung des an dem Metallbauteil zu befestigenden Bauteils an ersterem gegeben ist.
This object is achieved in that
  • - The component to be permanently attached to the metal component by means of the curable composition component formed at least on the outside of a thermoplastic and
  • - Its thermoplastic surface to be connected to the metal component is formed integrally with a plurality of aligned on the metal component and spaced apart spacers and thermoplastic projections (Opferernasen) a height equal to or greater than the thickness of the between the thermoplastic surface and the metal surface to be provided Layer of curable composition is, and
  • - The thermoplastic projections (sacrificial noses) temporarily melted, pressed plasticized on the opposite surface of the metal component and are brought in their subsequent cooling directly into a firm with the metal surface, through the curing of the layer of the curable composition beyond the required fixation of the the metal component to be fastened component is given to the former.

Vorzugsweise kann jeder Abstandshalter mit einer der thermoplastischen Opfernasen als einstückiges Element ausgebildet werden, das gegen die Oberfläche des Metallbauteils auszurichten und – gesehen im Längsschnitt – stufenförmig mit einem den Abstandshalter bildenden Sockel und einem auf diesem zentrisch angeordneten säulenartigen Aufsatz kleineren Durchmessers gestaltet wird, der die zu plastifizierende Opfernase des einstückigen Elementes bildet.Preferably Any spacer can use one of the thermoplastic sacrificial noses be formed as an integral element against align the surface of the metal component and - seen in longitudinal section - stepped with a the spacer forming base and a centric on this arranged columnar attachment of smaller diameter is designed, which is the plasticized sacrificial nose of the one-piece Elementes forms.

Bevorzugt wird zum Befestigen an dem Metallbauteil ein vollständig aus Thermoplast bestehendes Bauteil eingesetzt. Das an dem Metallbauteil zu befestigende Bauteil kann jedoch auch als sandwichartige Hybridkonstruktion ausgebildet sein, wobei der Außenmantel oder die Umhüllung der Hybridkonstruktion aus Thermoplast und deren Kern aus Duroplast, Elastomer oder einem Metall gebildet ist und nur der Außenmantel oder die Umhüllung der Hybridkonstruktion einstückig mit den thermoplastischen Opfernasen und Abstandshaltern ausgebildet ist.Prefers becomes a complete for attaching to the metal component made of thermoplastic component used. That on the metal component However, the component to be fastened can also be used as a sandwich-type hybrid construction be formed, wherein the outer sheath or the envelope the hybrid construction of thermoplastic and its core of duroplastic, Elastomer or a metal is formed and only the outer sheath or the enclosure of the hybrid construction in one piece is formed with the thermoplastic sacrificial noses and spacers.

Im Kfz-Bereich wird z. B. geeigneterweise an einem Motorblock aus Metall ein spritzgußmäßig aus glasfaserverstärktem Polyamid hergestelltes Motoranbauteil, z. B. ein Ölabscheider, mit einem die thermoplastischen Opfernasen aufweisenden Fügeflansch mittels eines 2K-Klebstoffs, z. B. eines 2K-Silikonklebstoffs befestigt, indem dieser zunächst auf den Fügeflansch des Motoranbauteils appliziert wird, worauf der Motorblock an den thermoplastischen Opfernasen des Motoranbauteils zugeordneten Kontaktstellen auf die Schmelztemperatur des Polyamid erwärmt wird und das Motoranbauteil von einem Roboter an den Motorblock derart druckgeregelt für einige Sekunden angepreßt wird, dass über einen unplastifizierten Restsockel der thermoplastischen Opfernasen eine definierte Schichtdicke des 2K-Klebstoffes eingestellt wird und das an den Motorblock gefügte Motoranbauteil nach Wegnahme der Anpreßkraft des Roboters über die Aushärtezeit des 2K-Klebstoffs hinaus fixiert wird.In the automotive sector z. B. suitably on an engine block made of metal an injection-molded made of glass fiber reinforced polyamide engine attachment, z. B. an oil separator, with a thermoplastic sacrificial nose having joint flange by means of a 2K adhesive, z. As a 2-component silicone adhesive is attached by this is first applied to the joint flange of the engine attachment, whereupon the engine block is heated to the thermoplastic sacrificial noses of the engine attachment associated contact points to the melting temperature of the polyamide and the engine attachment of a robot to the engine block so pressure-controlled for some Seconds is pressed that a defined layer thickness of the 2K adhesive is adjusted via an unplastified rest base of the thermoplastic sacrificial noses and fixed to the engine block engine attachment after removal of the contact pressure of the robot beyond the curing of the 2K adhesive addition is fixed.

Vorzugsweise werden die thermoplastischen Opfernasen mittels Induktion, Laser, Mikrowellen, Infrarotstrahlung, Ultraschall oder durch Kontakt an einer Spiegelheizplatte plastifiziert.Preferably are the thermoplastic sacrificial nas by induction, laser, Microwaves, infrared radiation, ultrasound or contact a Spiegelheizplatte plasticized.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auch auf ein Verfahren zum Fixieren eines ersten Bauteils an einem zweiten Bauteil, an dem das erste Bauteil mittels einer Schicht einer aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung befestigt wird, deren Adhäsion im ausgehärteten Zustand ausreichend groß ist, um das erste Bauteil an dem zweiten Bauteil dauerhaft zu halten, wobei das erste Bauteil zumindest während des Aushärtens der Schicht der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung an dem zweiten Bauteil fixiert wird.The The invention also relates to a method for fixing a first component on a second component, on which the first component attached by means of a layer of a curable composition its adhesion in the cured state is sufficiently large to the first component on the second To hold component permanently, the first component at least during curing the layer of the curable composition is fixed to the second component.

Bei dieser alternativen Ausführungsform des Verfahrens werden erfindungsgemäß in der Oberfläche des ersten oder des zweiten Bauteils, die mit dem zweiten bzw. dem ersten Bauteil zu verbinden ist, im Abstand zueinander angeordnete Bohrungen oder Vertiefungen vorgesehen, in die jeweils der Schaft eines thermoplastischen Dübels eingepaßt wird, der einen Auflagekopf einer Höhe aufweist, die größer als die Dicke der Schicht der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung ist, die zwischen den zu verbindenden Oberflächen der beiden Bauteile vorzusehen ist, und der jeweils mit seiner Unterfläche auf der entsprechenden Oberfläche des ersten bzw. des zweiten Bauteils die Bohrung bzw. Vertiefung überdeckend positioniert wird. Dann werden die thermoplastischen Dübel temporär und lokal aufgeschmolzen und die zu verbindenden Bauteile robotergesteuert gegeneinander bewegt, wobei der Auflagekopf jedes plastifizierten thermoplastischen Dübels gegen die gegenüberliegende Oberfläche des zweiten bzw. des ersten Bauteils druckgeregelt für Sekunden derart angepreßt wird, dass die Höhe des Auflagekopfes auf den Betrag der Dicke der Schicht der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung, die zwischen den zu verbindenden Oberflächen der beiden Bauteile positioniert ist, reduziert wird und die beiden Bauteile nach einer Abkühlphase der plastifizierten thermoplastischen Dübel derart aneinander fixiert werden, dass die Fixierung nach Wegnahme der Anpreßkraft des Roboters über die Aushärtezeit der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung hinaus gegeben ist.at this alternative embodiment of the method According to the invention in the surface of first or the second component, with the second or the first To connect component is spaced holes or Depressions provided in each of the shaft of a thermoplastic Dowel is fitted, the a support head of a Height is greater than the thickness the layer of the curable composition is that between to provide the surfaces to be joined of the two components, and each with its lower surface on the corresponding Surface of the first and the second component bore or depression is positioned overlapping. Then be the thermoplastic dowels are temporary and local melted and the components to be connected robotically controlled against each other moved, wherein the support head of each plasticized thermoplastic Dowels against the opposite surface of the second and the first component pressure-controlled for Seconds is pressed so that the height the support head on the amount of thickness of the layer of curable Composition between the surfaces to be joined the two components is positioned, is reduced and the two Components after a cooling phase of the plasticized thermoplastic dowels be fixed to each other so that the fixation after removal the contact pressure of the robot over the curing time given to the curable composition.

Zumindest das erste oder das zweite Bauteil kann vollständig aus Thermoplast wie glasfaserverstärktem Polyamid mit einer Schmelztemperatur von ca. 300°C oder verstärktem oder ungefülltem Polybutylenterephthalat (PBT) gebildet sein. Vorzugsweise liegen die Anpreßzeit und die Abkühlphase im Bereich von 2 bis 5 Sekunden. Je nach der aktuellen Temperatur des verwendeten Thermoplasten kann der Anpreßdruck auch von Hand erzeugt werden.At least the first or the second component can be completely off Thermoplastics such as glass fiber reinforced polyamide with a Melting temperature of about 300 ° C or reinforced or unfilled polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) be. Preferably, the Anpreßzeit and the Abkühlphase in the range of 2 to 5 seconds. Depending on the current temperature the thermoplastic used, the contact pressure can also be generated by hand.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren erweist sich insbesondere dadurch als vorteilhaft, dass zusätzliche mechanische Haltevorrichtung zur Fixierung der beiden dauerhaft mittels einer aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung aneinander zu befestigenden Bauteile während der Aushärtezeit der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung nicht erforderlich sind.The inventive method proves particular characterized as advantageous that additional mechanical holding device for fixing the two permanently by means of a curable composition components to be fastened together during the curing time the curable composition is not required.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden nun unter Bezug auf die Zeichnungen erläutert. In diesen sind:preferred Embodiments of the invention Methods will now be explained with reference to the drawings. In these are:

1 eine Schnittansicht eines schematisch dargestellten Bauteils aus Thermoplast mit einstückig mit diesem auf einer Oberfläche ausgebildeter thermoplastischer Opfernase und zu dieser beabstandetem Abstandshalter, 1 a sectional view of a schematically illustrated component made of thermoplastic integrally with this formed on a surface thermoplastic sacrificial nose and spacers spaced therefrom,

2 eine der 1 entsprechende Schnittansicht, wobei jedoch auf der zu verbindenden Oberfläche des Bauteils aus Thermoplast eine Schicht der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung aufgetragen ist, 2 one of the 1 corresponding sectional view, however, wherein on the surface to be joined of the component made of thermoplastic, a layer of the curable composition is applied,

3 eine Schnittansicht, die schematisch die Fixierung des Verbundes aus dem thermoplasti schen Bauteil und der auf diesem aufgetragenen Schicht der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung an einem Metallbauteil zeigt, 3 a sectional view showing schematically the fixation of the composite of the thermoplasti's component and the applied thereto layer of curable composition to a metal component,

4 eine Schnittansicht entsprechend der 1, wobei die thermoplastische Opfernase und der Abstandshalter zu einem im Längsschnitt stufenförmigen Element vereint sind, das einstückig mit dem Bauteil aus Thermoplast ausgebildet ist, 4 a sectional view according to the 1 wherein the thermoplastic sacrificial nose and the spacer are united to form a longitudinally stepped element integrally formed with the thermoplastic component,

5 eine der 4 entsprechende Schnittansicht, wobei jedoch auf der zu verbindenden Oberfläche des Bauteils aus Thermoplast eine Schicht der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung aufgetragen ist, 5 one of the 4 corresponding sectional view, however, wherein on the surface to be joined of the component made of thermoplastic, a layer of the curable composition is applied,

6 eine Schnittansicht entsprechend der 3, die schematisch die Fixierung des Verbundes aus dem thermoplastischen Bauteil und der auf diesem aufgetragenen Schicht der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung an dem Metallbauteil zeigt, 6 a sectional view according to the 3 schematically showing the fixation of the composite of the thermoplastic component and the layer of the curable composition applied thereto on the metal component,

7 eine bruchstückartige Schnittansicht eines schematisch dargestellten ersten Bauteils mit einem Flansch mit einer Bohrung bzw. Vertiefung, in die der Schaft eines Dübels aus Thermoplast eingepaßt ist, und 7 a fragmentary sectional view of a schematically illustrated first member having a flange with a bore or recess in which the shaft of a dowel made of thermoplastic is fitted, and

8 eine schematische Schnittansicht des Verbundes aus dem ersten Bauteil nach 5, einem zweiten Bauteil und einer zwischen diesen positionierten Schicht der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung, wobei das erste Bauteil an dem zweiten Bauteil fixiert ist. 8th a schematic sectional view of the composite of the first component according to 5 , a second component and a layer of the curable composition positioned therebetween, wherein the first component is fixed to the second component.

Bei einer ersten Ausführungform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, die aus den 1 bis 3 hervorgeht, wird ein Bauteil 1 aus Thermoplast, das mit einem Metallbauteil 2 mittels einer Schicht 3 einer aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung dauerhaft zu verbinden ist, einstückig mit einer Anzahl thermoplastischer Vorsprünge 5, sogenannter Opfernasen, und zu diesen jeweils im Ab stand angeordneten Abstandshaltern 6 auf der mit dem Metallbauteil 3 zu verbindenden Oberfläche 4 ausgebildet. In den 1 bis 3 sind zur Vereinfachung jeweils nur eine Opfernase 5 und ein entsprechender Abstandshalter 6 dargestellt. Die Abstandskalter 6 dienen zur definierten Einstellung der Dicke der auf die zu verbindende Oberfläche 4 des Bauteils 1 aus Thermoplast aufzutragenen Schicht 3 der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung, die von einer Klebstoffmasse wie z. B. Silikon gebildet sein kann. Die Höhenerstreckung der Abstandshalter 6 ist daher gleich der Dicke der Schicht 3 der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung.In a first embodiment of the method according to the invention, which consists of 1 to 3 shows, becomes a component 1 made of thermoplastic, with a metal component 2 by means of a layer 3 permanently bonding a curable composition, integral with a number of thermoplastic protrusions 5 , So-called victim noses, and to these in each case from Ab arranged spacers 6 on the with the metal component 3 to be joined surface 4 educated. In the 1 to 3 are for simplification only a victim nose 5 and a corresponding spacer 6 shown. The distance switches 6 are used for defined adjustment of the thickness of the surface to be joined 4 of the component 1 thermoplastic layer to be applied 3 the curable composition of an adhesive composition such. B. silicone may be formed. The height extension of the spacers 6 is therefore equal to the thickness of the layer 3 the curable composition.

Die Opfernasen 5 werden an ihren über die Schicht 3 der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung vorragenden Enden (2) temporär und lokal aufgeschmolzen und bei Bewegung des Bauteils 1 aus Thermoplast gegen die gegenüberliegenden Oberfläche eines Metallbauteils 2 plastifiziert aufgepreßt. Während einer anschließenden Sekunden währenden Abkühlphase der plastifizierten thermoplastischen Opfernasen 5 gehen diese über den in 3 gezeigten Fixierbereich 7 mit der Metalloberfläche eine feste Verbindung ein, durch die über die Aushärtezeit der Schicht 3 der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung hinaus die erforderliche Fixierung des an dem Metallbauteil 2 zu befestigenden Bauteils 1 an ersterem gegeben ist.The victim noses 5 be at their over the shift 3 the curable composition projecting ends ( 2 ) temporarily and locally melted and during movement of the component 1 made of thermoplastic against the opposite surface of a metal component 2 plastified pressed. During a subsequent second cooling phase of the plasticized thermoplastic sacrificial noses 5 these go over in the 3 shown fixing area 7 with the metal surface, a solid compound through which over the curing time of the layer 3 the curable composition beyond the required fixation of the metal component 2 to be fastened component 1 given to the former.

Bei der aus den 4 bis 6 ersichtlichen Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird jeder Abstandshalter 6 mit einer thermoplastischen Opfernase als einstückiges Element 8 der Thermoplastoberfläche ausgebildet, das – gesehen im Längsschnitt – stufenförmig ausgebildet ist und dessen Sockel den Abstandshalter 6 bildet, auf dem zentrisch ein säulenartiger Aufsatz kleineren Durchmessers positioniert ist, der die zu plastifizierende Opfernase 6 bildet (4). Die Schicht 3 der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung wird auf die mit dem Metallbauteil 2 zu verbindende Oberfläche des Bauteils 1 aus Thermoplast bis zur Höhe des Sockels des einstückigen Elements 8 aufgetragen, worauf die Opfernase 6, die über die aufgetragene Schicht 3 noch oben vorragt (5), temporär aufgeschmolzen und bei der Bewegung des Bauteils 1 aus Thermoplast gegen die gegenüberliegende Oberfläche des Metallbauteils 2 druckreguliert für Sekunden angepreßt wird. Während einer ebenfalls Sekunden währenden Abkühlphase der plastifizierten Opfernase 6 wird dann im Fixierbereich 7 (3) das an dem Metlalbauteil 2 dauerhaft zu befestigende Bauteil 1 aus Thermoplast an der Metalloberfläche so fixiert, dass nach Wegnahme der Anpreßkraft die erforderliche Fixierung über die Aushärtezeit der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung gegeben ist.At the time of the 4 to 6 apparent embodiment of the method, each spacer 6 with a thermoplastic sacrificial nose as a one-piece element 8th the thermoplastic surface is formed, which - seen in longitudinal section - is stepped and the base of the spacer 6 forms, on the center of a columnar essay smaller diameter is positioned, the victim to be plasticized sacrificial nose 6 forms ( 4 ). The layer 3 The curable composition is applied to the metal component 2 to be joined surface of the component 1 made of thermoplastic up to the height of the base of the one-piece element 8th applied, on which the victim nose 6 that over the applied layer 3 still protruding above ( 5 ), temporarily melted and during the movement of the component 1 made of thermoplastic against the opposite surface of the metal component 2 pressure regulated for seconds is pressed. During a secluded cooling phase of the plasticized victim nose 6 will then be in the fixation area 7 ( 3 ) on the metal part 2 permanent component to be fastened 1 made of thermoplastic fixed to the metal surface so that after removal of the pressing force the required fixation is given over the curing time of the curable composition.

Aus den 7 und 8 geht weiterhin eine alternative Verfahrensweise hervor, mit dem ein erstes Bauteil 9 und ein zweites Bauteil 10, die mittels einer aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung dauerhaft miteinander zu verbinden sind, unabhängig von dem Material ihrer Herstellung über die Aushärtezeit der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung hinaus effektiv aneinander zu fixieren sind. Hierbei werden, wie aus 7 zu ersehen ist, in einem Flansch 11 des ersten Bauteils 9 im Abstand zu einander Bohrungen bzw. Verftiefungen 12 vorgesehen, in die jeweils der Schaft 14 eines thermoplastischen Dübels 13 eingepaßt wird, der einen Auflagekopf 15 einer Höhe aufweist, die größer als die Dicke der Schicht 3 der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung ist, die auf der entsprechenden Oberfläche des ersten Bauteils 1 aufgetragen wird. Der Auflagekopf 15 des thermoplastischen Dübels 13 wird jeweils mit seiner Unterfläche 16 auf der entsprechenden Oberfläche des ersten Bauteils 9 die Bohrung bzw. Vertiefung 12 überdeckend positioniert. Hierauf werden die thermoplastischen Dübel 13 temporär und lokal aufgeschmolzen und die beiden zu verbindenden Bauteil 9 und 10 zugleich robotergesteuert relativ gegeneinander bewegt. Hierbei wird der Auflagekopf 15 jedes plastifizierten thermoplastischen Dübels 13 gegen die gegenüberliegende Oberfläche des zweiten Bauteils 10 druckgeregelt für Sekunden derart angepreßt, dass die Höhe des Auflagekopfes 15 auf den Betrag der Dicke der Schicht 3 der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung, die zwischen den zu verbindenden Oberflächen der beiden Bauteile 9 und 10 positioniert ist, reduziert wird. Nach einer wiederum Sekunden währenden Abkühlphase der plastifizierten Auflageköpfe 15 der thermoplastischen Dübel 13 wird in dem jeweiligen Fixierbereich 7 zwischen den beiden Bauteilen 9 und 10 eine feste, fixierende Verbindung gebildet, die über die Aushärtezeit der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung hinaus beständig ist.From the 7 and 8th continues to show an alternative method, with a first component 9 and a second component 10 which are to be permanently bonded together by means of a curable composition, regardless of the material of their manufacture beyond the curing time of the curable composition to be effectively fixed together. Here are how out 7 It can be seen in a flange 11 of the first component 9 in the distance to each other holes or Verftiefungen 12 provided in each of the shaft 14 a thermoplastic dowel 13 is fitted, the a support head 15 a height greater than the thickness of the layer 3 the curable composition is that on the corresponding surface of the first component 1 is applied. The support head 15 of the thermoplastic dowel 13 is each with its bottom surface 16 on the corresponding surface of the first component 9 the hole or recess 12 positioned overlapping. Then the thermoplastic dowels 13 temporarily and locally melted and the two component to be joined 9 and 10 at the same time robotically controlled relative to each other. This is the support head 15 each plasticized thermoplastic dowel 13 against the opposite surface of the second component 10 pressure-controlled for seconds so pressed that the height of the support head 15 on the amount of thickness of the layer 3 the curable composition between the surfaces to be joined of the two components 9 and 10 is positioned is reduced. After another seconds cooling phase of the plasticized support heads 15 the thermoplastic dowel 13 will be in the respective fixation area 7 between the two components 9 and 10 formed a solid, fixing compound that is resistant beyond the curing time of the curable composition.

11
Bauteil aus Thermoplastcomponent made of thermoplastic
22
Metallbauteilmetal component
33
Schicht der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzunglayer the curable composition
44
zu verbindende Oberfläche des Bauteils aus Thermoplastto connecting surface of the component made of thermoplastic
55
thermoplastischer Vorsprung; thermoplastische Opfernase, zentrischer Aufsatzthermoplastic Head Start; thermoplastic sacrificial nose, centric attachment
66
Abstandshalter, SockelSpacer base
77
Fixierbereich der beiden Bauteilefusing of the two components
88th
thermoplastisches einstückiges Element aus Sockel (Abstandshalter) und zentrischem Aufsatz geringeren Durchmessers (Opfernase)thermoplastic integral element of base (spacer) and centric Attachment of smaller diameter (sacrificial nose)
99
erstes Bauteilfirst component
1010
zweites Bauteilsecond component
1111
Flansch des ersten Bauteilsflange of the first component
1212
Bohrung, VertiefungDrilling, deepening
1313
thermoplastischer Dübelthermoplastic dowel
1414
Schaft des thermoplastischen Dübelsshaft of the thermoplastic dowel
1515
Auflagekopf des thermoplasstischen DübelsContact head of the thermoplasic dowel
1616
Unterfläche des Auflagekopfesundersurface of the support head

ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNGQUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature

  • - DE 19902817 A1 [0002] - DE 19902817 A1 [0002]
  • - EP 1147296 B1 [0002] - EP 1147296 B1 [0002]
  • - EP 1889776 A1 [0003] EP 1889776 A1 [0003]

Claims (12)

Verfahren zum Fixieren eines Kunststoff aufweisenden Bauteils an einem Metallbauteil, an dem ersteres mittels einer Schicht einer aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung befestigt wird, deren Adhäsion im ausgehärteten Zustand ausreichend groß ist, um das Kunststoff aufweisende Bauteil an dem Metallbauteil dauerhaft zu befestigen, wobei ersteres zumindest während des Aushärtens der Schicht der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung, die zwischen dem Kunststoff aufweisenden Bauteil und dem Metallbauteil positioniert wird, an letzterem fixiert wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass – das an dem Metallbauteil mittels der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung dauerhaft zu befestigende Bauteil mindestens aussenseitig aus einem Thermoplast gebildet wird und dessen mit dem Metallbauteil zu verbindende Thermoplastoberfläche einstückig mit einer Vielzahl auf das Metallbauteil auszurichtenden und im Abstand zueinander angeordneten Abstandshaltern und thermoplastischen Opfernasen einer Höhe versehen wird, die gleich der bzw. größer als die Dicke der zwischen der Thermoplastoberfläche und der Metalloberfläche vorzusehenden Schicht der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung ist, und – die thermoplastischen Opfernasen temporär und lokal aufgeschmolzen, auf die gegenüberliegende Oberfläche des Metallbauteils plastifiziert aufgepreßt und während einer anschließenden Sekunden währenden Abkühlphase mit der Metalloberfläche eine feste, fixierende Verbindung eingehen, durch die über die Aushärtezeit der Schicht der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung hinaus die erforderliche Fixierung des an dem Metallbauteil zu befestigenden Bauteils an ersterem gegeben ist.A method for fixing a plastic-containing component to a metal component to which the former is attached by means of a layer of a curable composition whose adhesion in the cured state is sufficiently large to permanently secure the plastic-containing component to the metal component, the former at least during curing the layer of the curable composition, which is positioned between the plastic component and the metal component, is fixed to the latter, characterized in that - the permanent component to be fastened to the metal component by means of the curable composition component is formed at least on the outside of a thermoplastic and its the thermoplastic material surface to be joined to the metal component is integrally provided with a plurality of spacers and thermoplastic sacrificial noses of a height to be aligned with the metal component and arranged equidistantly is greater than the thickness of the layer of curable composition to be provided between the thermoplastic surface and the metal surface, and the thermoplastic sacrificial noses are temporarily and locally melted, pressed onto the opposite surface of the metal component, and then pressed against the metal surface during a subsequent second cooling phase enter firm, fixing compound through which the required fixation of the component to be fastened to the metal component is given to the former over the curing time of the layer of the curable composition addition. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Abstandshalter mit einer der thermoplastischen Opfernase als einstückiges Element der Thermoplastoberfläche ausgebil det wird, das gegen die Oberfläche des Metallbauteils auszurichten und – gesehen im Langsschnitt – stufenförmig mit einem den Abstandshalter bildenden Sockel und einem auf diesem zentrisch angeordneten säulenartigen Aufsatz kleineren Durchmessers gestaltet ist, der die zu plastifizierende Opfernase des einstückigen Elementes bildet.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that each spacer with one of the thermoplastic sacrificial nose as an integral part of the thermoplastic surface is ausgebil det, that against the surface of the metal component to align and - as seen in long section - stepped with a pedestal forming the spacer and a centric on this arranged columnar attachment of smaller diameter is designed, the one to be plastified sacrificial nose of the one piece Elementes forms. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das an dem Metallbauteil zu befestigende Bauteil vollständig aus Thermoplast gebildet ist.Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized that the component to be fastened to the metal component is complete made of thermoplastic material. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an einem Motorblock aus Metall ein spritzgußmäßig aus glasfaserverstärktem Polyamid hergestelltes Motoranbauteil mit einem Fügeflansch, an dem die thermoplastischen Opfernasen ausgebildet sind, mittels eines 2K-Klebstoffs befestigt wird, indem dieser zunächst auf den Fügeflansch des Motoranbauteils appliziert wird, worauf der Motorblock an den thermoplastischen Opfernasen des Motoranbauteils zugeordneten Kontaktstellen auf die Schmelztemperatur des Polyamid erwärmt wird und das Motoranbauteil von einem Roboter an den Motorblock derart druckgeregelt für Sekunden angepreßt wird, dass über einen unplastifizierten Restsockel der thermoplastischen Opfernasen eine definierte Schichtdicke des 2K-Klebstoffs eingestellt wird und während einer Abkühlphase der plastifizierten Opfernasen das an den Motorblock gefügte Motoranbauteil an ersterem so fixiert wird, dass die Fixierung nach Wegnahme der Anpreßkraft des Roboters über die Aushärtezeit des 2K-Klebstoffs hinaus gegeben ist.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on an engine block made of metal injection-molded from glass fiber reinforced Polyamide produced engine attachment with a joint flange, on which the thermoplastic sacrificial noses are formed by means of a 2K adhesive is attached by this first is applied to the joint flange of the engine attachment, whereupon the engine block is attached to the thermoplastic sacrificial noses of the engine attachment assigned contact points on the melting temperature of the polyamide is heated and the engine attachment from a robot pressed the engine block so controlled by pressure for seconds is that over a unplasticized base socket of the thermoplastic sacrificial noses a defined layer thickness of the 2K adhesive is set and during a cooling phase the plasticized victim nose attached to the engine block Engine attachment to the former is fixed so that the fixation after Removal of the contact pressure of the robot over the Curing time of the 2K adhesive addition is given. Verfahren nach der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das an dem Metallbauteil zu befestigende Bauteil als sandwichartige Hybridkonstruktion ausgebildet wird, wobei der Außenmantel oder die Umhüllung der Hybridkonstruktion aus Thermoplast und deren Kern aus Duroplast, Elastomer oder einem Metall gebildet wird und nur der Außenmantel oder die Umhüllung der Hybrid-Konstruktion einstückig mit den Opfernasen und Abstandshaltern ausgebildet wird.Process according to claims 1 to 3, characterized characterized in that the component to be fastened to the metal component is formed as a sandwich-type hybrid construction, wherein the Outer jacket or the cladding of the hybrid construction Thermoplastic material and its core made of duroplastic, elastomer or a metal is formed and only the outer jacket or the sheath the hybrid construction integral with the sacrificial noses and spacers is trained. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die thermoplastischen Opfernasen mittels Induktion, Laser, Mikrowellen, Infrarotstrahlung, Ultraschall oder durch Kontakt an einer Spiegelheizplatte plastifiziert werden.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermoplastic sacrificial noses by means of Induction, laser, microwaves, infrared radiation, or ultrasound be plasticized by contact on a Spiegelheizplatte. Verfahren zum Fixieren eines ersten Bauteils an einem zweiten Bauteil, an dem das erste Bauteil mittels einer Schicht einer aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung befestigt wird, deren Adhäsion im ausgehärteten Zustand ausreichend groß ist, um das erste Bauteil an dem zweiten Bauteil dauerhaft zu befestigen, wobei das erste Bauteil zumindest während des Aushärtens der Schicht der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung an dem zweiten Bauteil fixiert wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass – in der Oberfläche des ersten oder des zweite Bauteil, die mit dem zweiten bzw. dem ersten Bauteil zu verbinden ist, im Abstand zueinander angeordneten Bohrungen bzw. Vertiefungen vorgesehen werden, in die jeweils der Schaft eines thermoplastischen Dübels eingepaßt wird, der einen Auflagekopf einer Höhe aufweist, die größer als die Dicke der Schicht der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung ist, die zwischen den zu verbindenden Oberflächen der beiden Bauteilen vorzusehen ist, und der jeweils mit seiner Unterfläche auf der entsprechenden Oberfläche des ersten bzw. des zweiten Bauteils die Bohrung überdeckend positioniert wird, – die thermoplastischen Dübel temporär und lokal aufgeschmolzen werden, – anschließend die zu verbindenden Bauteile robotergesteuert relativ gegeneinander bewegt werden und dabei der Auflagekopf jedes plastifizierten thermoplastischen Dübels gegen die gegenüberliegende Oberfläche des zweiten bzw. des ersten Bauteils druckgeregelt für Sekunde derart angepreßt wird, dass die Höhe des Auflagekopfes auf den Betrag der Dicke der Schicht der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung, die zwischen den zu verbindenden Oberflächen der beiden Bauteile positioniert ist, reduziert wird und die beiden Bauteile nach einer Abkühlphase der plastifizierten thermoplastischen Dübel derart aneinander fixiert werden, dass die Fixierung nach Wegnahme der Anpreßkraft des Robotors über die Aushärtezeit der aushärtbaren Zusammensetzung hinaus gegeben ist.A method for fixing a first component to a second component, to which the first component is fastened by means of a layer of a curable composition, the adhesion of which in the cured state is sufficiently large to permanently secure the first component to the second component, wherein the first component is fixed to the second component at least during the curing of the layer of the curable composition, characterized in that - in the surface of the first or the second component, which is to be connected to the second or the first component, spaced bores or Recesses are provided, in each of which the shaft of a thermoplastic dowel is fitted, which has a support head of a height which is greater than the thickness of the layer of the curable composition to be provided between the surfaces to be joined of the two components, and the respectively with its lower surface au f the hole of the corresponding surface of the first or the second component is positioned overlapping, - the thermoplastic dowels are temporarily and locally melted, - Then the components to be connected robotically controlled relative to each other are moved while the contact head of each plasticized thermoplastic dowel against the opposite surface of the second or the first component pressure-controlled for a second is pressed so that the height of the support head to the amount of the thickness of the layer curable composition, which is positioned between the surfaces to be joined of the two components is reduced, and the two components are fixed to each other after a cooling phase of the plasticized thermoplastic dowels such that the fixation given after removal of the contact pressure of the robot over the curing time of the curable composition addition is. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest das erste oder das zweite Bauteil vollständig aus Thermoplast besteht.Method according to claim 7, characterized in that that at least the first or the second component completely made of thermoplastic. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7 und 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die thermoplastischen Dübel mittels Induktion, Laser, Mikrowelle, Infrarotstrahlung oder Ultraschall plastifiziert werden,Method according to claims 7 and 8, characterized that the thermoplastic dowels by induction, laser, Microwave, infrared radiation or ultrasound be plasticized, Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anpreßzeit im Bereich von 2 bis 5 Sekunden liegt.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Anpreßzeit in the range from 2 to 5 seconds. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abkühlphase im Bereich von 2 bis 5 Sekunden liegt.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cooling phase in the range from 2 to 5 seconds. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anpreßdruck von Hand erzeugt wird.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the contact pressure is generated by hand.
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DE102012004499A1 (en) 2012-02-28 2013-08-29 INPRO Innovationsgesellschaft für fortgeschrittene Produktionssysteme in der Fahrzeugindustrie mbH Method for fixing and/or binding of thermoplastic polymer component on metal component, involves applying welding current at polymer component surface facing metal component so that polymer component is fixed to metal component
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EP1147296B1 (en) 1999-01-25 2003-05-07 Henkel Loctite Deutschland GmbH Method for mounting the oil pan or the volve cover on an engine block or a cover on a control housing or transmission of an internal combustion engine, internal combustion engine in which the oil pan, the valve cover or the cover of the control housing or the transmission is fastened according to said method
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FR3139747A1 (en) * 2022-09-20 2024-03-22 Psa Automobiles Sa Method for creating a pre-maintenance between two parts, and set of parts thus pre-maintained

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