DE102012007318A1 - Joining of two different materials containing components - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for joining a component (3) having a material to a further component (5) having a further material, comprising:
Providing the component (3) of the motor vehicle (1),
Providing the further component (5) of the motor vehicle (1),
- Providing an adhesive (7) on a joining surface (9) of the component (3) or a further joining surface of the further component (5) or on both joining surfaces (9, 11),
Producing a joining gap remaining between the joining surfaces (9, 11) and filled with an adhesive layer (13) of the adhesive (7) by approximating the components (3, 5) to one another,
- Pressing together the joining surfaces (9, 11) by means of a defined Hilfsfügekraft on the components (3, 5) performing joining accessory (17) and thereby
- setting a thickness (19) of the gap filled with the adhesive layer (15),
- thermal curing of the adhesive layer (13)
proposed.

Description

The invention relates to a method for joining a component having a material with a further component having a further material, and a motor vehicle according to the method.

The joining of different materials having components is known. This can be done in particular by means of gluing, in particular if the combination of materials makes thermal joining difficult. Material combinations such as fiber-reinforced plastics with metals or steels with aluminum are known. For bonding such components, it is known to pre-fix these before curing of the adhesive. A prefixing can be done by means of molding, in particular by riveting.

From the DE 10 2010 026 040 A1 is a method for joining a first component to a second component by an adhesive material, comprising: providing a joining aid at a joint of the components, connecting the first component to the joining tool by molding the first component and / or the joining tool, connecting the first and second Component by means of an adhesive layer on the at least one joining surface, cohesively joining the joining tool with the second component by melting the joining tool and the second component by an electrical heating for producing a handling connection between the first and second component by means of the joining tool at the joining surface known.

The object of the invention is to provide an improved and / or alternative joining of a component having a material with a further component having a further material by means of an adhesive layer, in particular to enable an exact setting of the adhesive layer.

The object is solved with the features of the independent claims.

Advantageously, the joining aid applies the auxiliary joining force to the components in such a way that the thickness of the adhesive layer can thereby be adjusted. Advantageously, this thickness can be maintained until the final curing of the adhesive layer. Advantageously, a desired uniform, particularly stable adhesive layer results.

In one embodiment of the method, it is provided that the joining aid has a metal clip. Advantageously, the metal clip can be plugged onto the components for temporary fixing in a simple manner. Advantageously, the metal clip either remain there or removed as a mounting circulation part after curing of the adhesive layer again.

In a further embodiment of the method, a latching of the metal clip into a recess of the component or of the further component or of the components is provided. Advantageously, the metal clip can be positively locked in the recess so that it can ensure the preliminary positioning of the components to each other during subsequent assembly and / or production steps.

A further embodiment of the method comprises providing a movable bearing having a degree of freedom in a longitudinal direction of the joint gap by means of the joining aid. In spite of the presence of the joining aid, a relative displacement of the components relative to one another along the longitudinal direction of the joining gap can advantageously take place. Advantageously, in the case of thermal curing until the final curing of the adhesive, a reduction of stresses due to different thermal expansions of the two components can take place.

A further embodiment of the method comprises providing a further joining aid forming a fixed bearing between the components. Advantageously, by means of the further joining aid also a fixation in the longitudinal direction of the joint gap can take place.

A further embodiment of the method comprises surrounding the further joining aid with a multiplicity of joining aids each forming a floating bearing. Advantageously, the fixed bearing can be arranged in particular approximately centrally with respect to the longitudinal direction of the joint gap. Advantageously, the thermal differential expansion of the components take place on both sides of the fixed bearing, so that in each case only a comparatively low stress of the adhesive layer takes place within the joint gap.

Another embodiment of the method comprises changing the preliminary shaping into a final shaping by the thermal curing and fixing the final shaping by means of the thermally cured adhesive layer. Advantageously, by providing the preliminary shaping, a subsequent change in shape taking place during the thermal curing can be compensated so that the desired final shaping of the two components is realized after the thermal curing.

Another embodiment of the method comprises thermally curing the adhesive layer during a cathodic dip coating operation. Advantageously, an already provided cathodic dip coating process for final thermal curing of the adhesive layer can be used. Advantageously, until the cathodic dip-coating operation is carried out, the two components are securely positioned relative to one another by means of the joining aid (s).

A further embodiment of the method comprises providing a minimum thickness of the joint gap by means of a spacer introduced into one of the components. Advantageously, the minimum thickness of the joint gap can be ensured alternatively or additionally by means of the spacer.

Another embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps

• Providing a joining aid at a joint of the components,
• - Connecting the first component with the joining tool by forming the first component and 1 or the joining tool
• Connecting the first and second components by means of an adhesive layer to at least one joining surface,
• - Substantially connecting the joining aid to the second component by melting the joining aid and the second component by electrical heating for establishing a connection between the first and second component by means of the joining aid at the joining surface.

Here too, the joining aid exerts the auxiliary joining force on the components in such a way that the thickness of the adhesive layer can thereby be adjusted. Further, in this embodiment, the DE 10 2010 026 040 A1 whose contents are incorporated by reference into the present disclosure.

The object is also achieved by a motor vehicle, set up, designed and / or constructed for carrying out a previously described method and / or equipped with software for carrying out a previously described method. This results in the advantages described above.

Further advantages, features and details emerge from the following description in which exemplary embodiments are described in detail with reference to drawings. The same, similar and / or functionally identical parts are provided with the same reference numerals. Show it:

1 a plan view of a partially assembled motor vehicle with a provisionally joined component and another component;

2 a sectional view through a fixed bearing forming joining means for provisionally joining the in 1 shown components;

3 a representation of 2 but with a non-locating joinder;

4 a three-dimensional sectional view obliquely from above front, analogous to the representation of 3 ;

5 a three-dimensional front view of a metal staple joining agent;

6 a three-dimensional view from diagonally in front of the top in 5 illustrated metal clip;

7 a three-dimensional sectional view of diagonally front top of one of the components together with the in 5 and 6 illustrated metal clip;

8th a three-dimensional partial view of obliquely inside top in a flange of one of the components along the direction of an in 1 marked with C arrow, with a recess and a spacer are visible;

9 a three-dimensional cross-sectional view obliquely laterally above, wherein the recess and the spacer lie in a sectional plane of the representation;

10 to 12 different schematic representations of the components in relative positions and shapes to illustrate a sequence of a joining operation for joining the two components.

1 shows a schematic plan view of a partially completed motor vehicle 1 , In particular, a partially completed shell of the motor vehicle 1 , The car 1 has a component 3 and another with this provisionally joined component 5 on. In the component 3 it is an aluminum roof 45 with a side panel outside 37 provisionally added. The side part outside 37 is part of a side panel assembly.

The preliminary joining of the components 3 and 5 done by means of in 1 Joining means not shown in detail, the per side of the motor vehicle 1 at least a fixed camp 27 and the camp 27 Surrounding a variety of floating bearings on both sides 25 form.

2 shows a cross section through one of the side parts outside 37 of the motor vehicle 1 , Evident is another joining tool 29 , where in 2 shown further joining aids 29 this in 1 drawn fixed bearing 27 forms. For this purpose, the other joining aids 29 a screw connection 43 on. The screw connection 43 is designed in particular as a so-called "flow drill screw".

3 shows a section through the side part outside 37 , Analogous to the representation of the 2 however, in another cutting plane passing through one of the floating bearings 25 runs. It can be seen that the floating bearing 25 from one a metal bracket 21 having joining agent 17 is formed. The metal bracket 21 engages positively in a recess 23 of the aluminum roof 45 one. The metal clip is advantageous 21 in the aluminum roof 45 locked and exercises on this directly and on the other component 5 , so on the side panel outside 37 , indirectly a joining auxiliary.

Compared to the in 2 shown further joining aids 29 practice the metal clip 21 of the joining aid 17 the joining auxiliary force substantially perpendicular to a joint surface 9 of the component 3 and another joining surface 11 of the further component 5 out. Forces in a longitudinal direction of one between the joining surfaces 9 and 11 remaining gap 15 are not exercised or only to a small extent, so that they can be overcome by sliding friction. In the joint gap 15 there is an adhesive 7 , the joint gap 15 with an adhesive layer 13 fills.

4 shows a three-dimensional view obliquely from the top of the front in 3 shown section. It can be seen that the metal clip 21 for reducing frictional forces as beads in these introduced nubs 47 having. The pimples 47 serve as contact and sliding surfaces and power transmission in the direction of the components 3 and 5 ,

The 5 and 6 show different representations of the metal bracket 21 , It can be seen that the metal clip 21 a symmetrical shape with a constriction 53 having. Advantageously, the constriction 53 into the recess 23 of the component 3 intervention.

It can also be seen that in total per arm of the metal clip 21 four of the pimples 47 are provided.

7 shows a further three-dimensional sectional view obliquely from the top front, wherein, only the other component 5 together with the metal clip 21 is shown. It can be seen that joining flanges of the components 3 and 5 between the metal bracket 21 Find space and can be compressed by this for the defined exercise of the joining auxiliary force.

8th shows a further three-dimensional view obliquely from above in the direction of an in 1 arrows marked C are large. According to the presentation of the 8th is the recess 23 as a breakthrough or as a bore to recognize. At the height of the recess 23 is optionally a spacer 35 who is in the in 8th illustrated aluminum roof 45 is introduced as a bead. Advantageously, by means of the spacer 35 a linear dimension of the joining gap 15 can be specified, in particular, a distance in the joint gap 15 be guaranteed.

9 shows a three-dimensional sectional view obliquely from the front front, wherein a sectional plane through the in 8th visible recess 23 and the spacer 35 runs. It can be seen that the spacer 35 of the component 3 on the other component 5 strikes and so a minimal linear dimension of the joint 15 gewährleitstet. Advantageously, thereby the thickness 19 the in the joint gap 15 located adhesive layer 13 To be defined.

The 10 to 12 show different representations of the components 3 and 5 to a joining order for joining the components 3 and 5 to clarify.

In the sectional views of the 10 and 11 are the component 3 and the other component 5 shown. In the component 3 it is the aluminum roof 45 , In the other component 5 it is the side part outside 37 , which in particular comprises steel as a material. The side part outside 37 is part of an assembly, in addition to the side panel outside 37 a side part inside up 39 and a side part inside the front 41 having.

According to the presentation of the 10 are the component 3 and the other component 5 still spaced apart. In this condition will be on the joining surface 9 or on the joining surface 11 or on the joining surfaces 9 and 11 the adhesive 7 provided. This can this on one of the joint surfaces 9 . 11 or on both joining surfaces 9 . 11 be applied, in particular as adhesive bead.

By means of a first arrow 49 is in 10 symbolizes that the components 3 and 5 along with the provided adhesive 7 be approximated to each other.

This creates between the joining surfaces 9 and 11 the joint gap 15 ,

By means of a second arrow 51 is in 10 shown that for the final adjustment of the linear dimension (internal distance of the gap surfaces) of the joint 15 and for provisionally fixing the components 3 and 5 together the metal clip 21 of the joining aid 17 on the joint surfaces 9 and 11 having adhesive flanges of the components 3 and 5 is plugged. Also, what's in 10 not shown, the other joining tool 29 that the camp 27 forms, in the components 3 and 5 introduced, in particular screwed with these.

11 shows the components 3 and 5 in the prefixed state, so with the attached metal clip 21 ,

12 shows two schematic views of the component 3 , in particular the aluminum roof 45 , It can be seen that in an upper partial view of the 12 the aluminum roof 45 a preliminary shaping 31 , in particular in the form of a stronger crowning.

After a thermal curing of the adhesive 7 has the aluminum roof 45 a final shape 33 on, which is less domed. In this final shape 33 become the components 3 and 5 in a state of tension by means of the adhesive 7 finally fixed together. Modifying or reshaping the preliminary shape 31 in the final shape 33 takes place by heating, ie during the thermal curing of the adhesive 7 ,

By means of in the 10 to 12 schematically illustrated method, the aluminum roof 45 with a steel body of the motor vehicle 1 , more precisely with side parts of the motor vehicle 1 as well as roof crossbeams 42 be connected, which have a different material, especially steel. With the glue 7 or the adhesive layer 13 this is advantageously a so-called structural adhesive. An order of the glue 7 done before the aluminum roof 45 in an overall sequence of the body of the motor vehicle 1 is first installed, more precisely on a flange of the side part outside 37 , Advantageously, by means of the metal clip 21 and / or by means of the screw connection 43 the joining aid 17 . 29 and / or by means of a plurality of the spacers 35 the fat 19 the adhesive layer 13 within the gap 15 set. In particular, this is based on the thickness 19 of about 1 mm, in particular 0.5 mm to 5 mm, in particular 0.6 mm to 4 mm, in particular 0.7 mm to 3 mm, in particular 0.8 mm to 2 mm, in particular 1.5 mm to 4 mm set. A thickness of 1 mm has proven particularly advantageous.

Advantageously, with a thickness of 1 mm, an optimal curing of the adhesive 7 taking into account an optimal component sliding, by means of floating bearings 25 the joining aid 17 guaranteed.

When installing the aluminum roof 45 will be the one to deploy the glue 7 Applied adhesive bead on the advantageous thickness 19 , preferably 1 mm, pressed.

Due to different expansion coefficients of the material of the aluminum roof 45 , In particular aluminum, and the material of the rest of the body of the motor vehicle 1 , in particular of the side part outside 37 , especially steel, occurs during the thermal curing of the adhesive 7 a different linear expansion of the components 3 and 5 on. In particular, the thermal curing of the adhesive takes place 7 during one anyway on the bodywork of the motor vehicle 1 provided cathodic dip painting process. Temperatures of about 180 ° C to 220 ° C occur.

By means of the joining aids 17 can be a fixation of the aluminum roof 45 in a Y direction to the side part outside 37 done, which is especially in 11 can be seen.

As in 12 can be seen, advantageously, an effect of the different changes in length of the aluminum roof 45 and the side part outside 37 by providing the preliminary shaping 31 be compensated. The different length expansion influences a geometry of the aluminum roof 45 which before compensating the influence the in 12 Having Vorbombierung shown above. Upon reaching a maximum dryer temperature of the cathodic dip painting process, the adhesive cures 7 especially accurate and fixed the aluminum roof 45 in a state of tension in the final molding 33 or final contour in 12 shown below.

In the advantageous combination of a fixed bearing 27 , as in 1 shown and several loose bearings 25 becomes the total length extension in an X direction or the longitudinal direction of the joint gap 15 divided into two components, wherein advantageously a stress on the adhesive layer 13 can be reduced.

Advantageously, the temporary fixation of the components 3 and 5 such that a fixation of the aluminum roof to the rest of the body of the motor vehicle 1 is guaranteed as well as the temperature-related Length expansion or different length expansion must be allowed.

In this application, the provisional fixation or attachment is advantageous by the metal brackets 21 realized. The bias is advantageously chosen so large that the aluminum roof during the entire cathodic dip painting process in a Z-direction, so one direction in 1 perpendicular to the image plane, is maintained, wherein in the subsequent drying process with the aforementioned temperatures, the thermal curing of the adhesive 7 takes place, where until then the displacement along the degree of freedom of the floating bearing 25 can be admitted.

metal clips 21 be like in 10 according to the second arrow 51 symbolized, plugged in a Y-direction. Advantageously, the metal clip 21 in particular, such an opening angle, which adjoins the constriction 53 connects that ends of the metal bracket 21 also on different sheet thicknesses packages, in particular of the assembly of the side part, in particular of the side part outside 37 , the side part inside up 39 and the side panel inside front 41 are formed sufficiently large. Advantageously, during a Aufsteckens in 10 by means of the second arrow 51 is symbolized, a sliding resistance by the advantageous nubs 47 be minimized.

The adhesive 7 Can be used for permanent bonding of structural structures (structural adhesive) on the components 3 . 5 having coatable adhesive mass. In particular, the adhesive is a thermosetting adhesive.

In a preferred embodiment, the uncured adhesive composition is set as follows:
Preferred curing temperature 180 ° C to 200 ° C
Glass transition temperature (DMA - peak tangent delta): 140-180 ° C
Gel point 0.1-0.6

This setting, in conjunction with a surface pressure of less than 600 N, results in the components 3 . 5 performing joining aids 17 . 29 a favorable thickness 19 of 1 mm.

Curing is preferably carried out above a temperature of at least 160 ° C for a period of between 20 and 40 minutes.

When cured, the adhesive has a tensile shear strength at room temperature between 15 and 22 N / mm ² .

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

motor vehicle

3

component

5

component

7

adhesive

9

joining surface

11

joining surface

13

adhesive layer

15

joining gap

17

Add aids

19

thickness

21

metal clip

23

recess

25

movable bearing

27

fixed bearing

29

Add aids

31

shape

33

shape

35

spacer

37

Side part outside

39

Side part inside up

41

Side part inside front

42

Roof cross member front

43

screw

45

aluminum roof

47

burl

49

arrow

51

arrow

53

constriction

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102010026040 A1 [0003, 0015]

Claims (12)

Method for joining a component having a material ( 3 ) of a motor vehicle ( 1 ) with a, another material having another component ( 5 ), comprising: - providing the component ( 3 ) of the motor vehicle ( 1 ), - providing the further component ( 5 ) of the motor vehicle ( 1 ), - providing an adhesive ( 7 ) on at least one joining surface ( 9 ) or another joining surface of the further component ( 5 ), - making one between the joining surfaces ( 9 . 11 ) and with an adhesive layer ( 13 ) of the adhesive ( 7 ) filled gap ( 15 ) by approximating the components ( 3 . 5 ) to each other, - pressing together the joining surfaces ( 9 . 11 ) by means of a defined Hilfsfügekraft on the components ( 3 . 5 ) performing joining aids ( 17 ) and thereby - setting a thickness ( 19 ) one of the joint gap ( 15 ) filling adhesive layer ( 13 ), - thermal curing of the adhesive layer ( 13 ). Method according to claim 1, wherein a joining of the component ( 3 ) with the joining aid ( 17 ) by molding the first component and / or the joining aid ( 17 ), cohesive joining of the joining aid ( 17 ) with the further component ( 5 ) by melting the joining agent ( 17 ) and the further component ( 5 ) by electrical heating to make a connection between the components ( 3 . 5 ) with the aid of the joining aid ( 17 ) at the joining surfaces ( 9 . 11 ) he follows. Method according to claim 1, wherein the joining aid ( 17 ) a metal clip ( 21 ) having. Method according to the preceding claim, comprising: - locking the metal clip ( 21 ) in a recess ( 23 ) of the component ( 3 ) or the further component ( 5 ) or components ( 3 . 5 ). Method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising: providing one degree of freedom in a longitudinal direction of the joining gap ( 15 ) bearing bearing ( 25 ) by means of the joining aid ( 17 ). Method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising: - providing a fixed storage ( 27 ) between the components ( 3 . 5 ) forming further joining assistant ( 29 ). Method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising: - surrounding the further joining aid ( 29 ) with a plurality each one floating bearing ( 25 ) forming joining aids ( 17 ). Method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising: - providing the component ( 3 ) having a preliminary shape ( 31 ), - changing the preliminary shape ( 31 ) into a final shape ( 33 ) by the thermal curing of the adhesive layer ( 13 ), - fixing the final shape ( 33 ) by means of the thermally cured adhesive layer ( 13 ). Method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising: - thermally curing the adhesive layer ( 13 ) during a cathodic dip painting operation. Method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising: - providing a minimum thickness of the joint gap ( 15 ) by means of one in one of the components ( 3 . 5 ) inserted spacer ( 35 ). Motor vehicle with at least one component having a material ( 3 ) and a further material having another component ( 5 ) with one between joining surfaces ( 9 . 11 ) of the component ( 3 ) and components ( 5 ) and with an adhesive layer ( 13 ) of an adhesive ( 7 ) filled gap ( 15 ), wherein the adhesive layer ( 13 ) was thermally cured, characterized in that the thickness of the joint gap ( 15 ) filling adhesive layer ( 13 ) is between 0.1 mm and 5.0 mm. Motor vehicle ( 1 ) constructed by software for performing a method according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

Images