DE102008027919A1 - Holding device for lining materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a holding device 1 for mounting a lining material 2 on a wall surface 3. The wall surface 3 may, for example, constitute a container wall, an apparatus or equipment wall which can be manufactured from a wide variety of materials and in the embodiment shown additionally with the aid of an adhesive or adhesive layer 6 is coated with an inner plastic layer 5. Due to the different plastic materials used in the solution according to the invention spacers 4 are used, which are formed in two parts in the embodiment shown and connected to each other via a coupling element 12, wherein a first contact surface of the spacer 4 with the wall surface 3 and a second contact surface with the lining material 2 is weldable. The particular advantage of this solution according to the invention is that with the help of the coupling element 12 of the spacer 4 may consist of two different materials that are otherwise not weldable, so that the lining material 2 and the inner plastic layer 5 may consist of different plastic materials, since these each separated with the two spacers 10, 11 are connected.

Description

The The invention relates to a holding device for fixing a lining material on a wall surface, in particular a container, Apparatus or plant wall, which on the wall surface means Spacer is fixed.

Generic fixtures are needed, for example, for lining containers that are made of either metal or non-compatible plastic. The materials used in this case are generally not acid-resistant or impure, so that an additional acid-resistant and / or high-purity lining of the container is required. The lining materials provided in this case are used as interior trim everywhere, where as a result of large temperature fluctuations, a shock effect can occur by cooling the outer materials and cracks or leakage are caused. Furthermore, a lining is required where working with corrosive gases or liquid substances and the housing walls are exposed to these gases or liquids. For heat and corrosion protection of the walls, which very often have flow areas with cross sections of 100 m ² and more, the inner areas facing the flow areas are therefore covered with anticorrosive foils made of plastic. In this case, in particular the plastic MFA, PFA or FEP in film form is used, because this plastic provides adequate corrosion protection and can be used at the same time for good insulation against thermal shock. In addition, lining films are required for high-purity containers (semiconductors) and for highly resistant containers (chemistry) as well as for columns and other apparatus (chemistry).

The plastic films provided are supplied only in certain web widths and therefore there is a need to join the lining materials along the web edges, for example by means of welds. In order to ensure a comprehensive corrosion protection of the container, they are lined with plastic sheets over the entire surface and the plastic sheets via a variety of attachment or fixed points selectively attached to the wall surface of the container. The required attachment or fixed points, in this case attached to the inner wall of the container and are used for suspension, usually only a few attachment points are provided per m ² . The attachment or fixed points consist according to the known prior art of metal bolts or similar metal parts, which are connected to the housing wall. For example, the fastening or fixed points made of metal can be screwed, glued or welded to the housing wall. Alternatively, the use of plastic materials comes into consideration, which are usually fixed in the same way, where it depends on the material of the housing, which mounting is selected. Plastic materials generally have a higher chemical resistance than metallic standard solutions.

by virtue of the different materials used for the wall surfaces is the Object of the present invention therein, a secure attachment method to create and create a durable durable connection.

According to the invention is for solution the task provided that the spacers at least two parts educated and over a coupling element are connected to each other, wherein a first contact surface of the Spacers with the wall surface and a second contact surface is weldable with the lining material. Further advantageous embodiments The invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

By the formation of the spacers as two-piece or optionally as a multipart design, which are interconnected by a coupling element consists the possibility in principle different materials for to use the spacers and to the materials of the walls the container and adapt apparatus, for example, the outer walls of metal or of a not weldable Plastic persist while the lining material consists of a weldable thermoplastic. For this reason, the spacers are at least two parts designed so that each one spacer to the outside or internal material adapted in terms of compatibility can be and a bracket over the coupling element is achieved, which thus a connection not compatible materials. Preferably, therefore a container or a wall surface made of metal, for example steel or stainless steel and the first spacer also made of metal, preferably steel or Stainless steel, so that the first spacer with the wall surface through a conventional one welding processes can be connected to each other. In contrast, the second spacer part becomes made of plastic and with a lining film of identical or related plastics welded. By this configuration is ensured, the optimal materials on the one hand for the wall surface and on the other hand for the lining materials are used, increasing the durability and service life of the respective container, Apparatus or equipment can be increased enormously.

alternative it is possible, that the wall surface and the first spacer part is also made of plastic and welded to an identical or related plastic, in turn, which provided here for welding wall surface not necessarily be compatible with the liner, so too in this embodiment, the invention essential advantage of a Adaptation to the plastic materials used is achieved. Here you can the spacers also made of two incompatible, non-weldable plastic materials consist.

Of the particular advantage of the invention is that with the help of Coupling elements Spacers made of plastic or plastic and metal can be combined with each other. The used here Spacers are preferably round, oval or designed as strips and are to be included in terms of their sizing Payloads adjusted. As a rule, round spacers are used, as these already have sufficient support as a fixed point of the lining material guarantee. In inaccessible places or In areas where significant stresses are expected, additional oval or optionally strip-shaped Spacers are used, allowing a larger contact area both between the wall surface as well as the lining material for receiving the resulting personnel is available.

In Another embodiment of the invention is provided that the coupling element from an adhesive layer, such as adhesive layer or from each other positively and / or non-positively connected first and second coupling parts, for example, a dovetail-shaped toothing or the like Gearing exists. A positive and non-positive connection between the individual spacers can for example by a compressible dovetailed Gearing done, which ensures a high and lasting strength and very easy to make. In particular, in this solution both a metallic spacer and a plastic existing spacer are joined together so that the Connection on one side with metal and on the other side ensured with plastic materials is. Instead of a compression of the dovetail toothing could these are telescopically formed and by a ring be secured with round coupling elements. Likewise, the Gears wavy be designed so that a sliding apart is prevented.

ever according to the type of welding used may be necessary to ensure verifiability must if the welding has ended. For this reason, the coupling element or the adapter parts conductive be trained and usually serve as a grounding ground, while with help a tester of weld area is examined. In case of a possible spark-through can thus a faulty weld be determined. For this purpose it is necessary that the coupling element or the adapter parts a large area of earth form. As far as the coupling element is not formed conductive, can order the spacers are a conductive Cuff, for example a carbon ring or a C-fiber loop, arranged appropriately sized for a spark test sufficient is and is also used for grounding.

In special embodiment of the invention is provided that the Spacer multi-part, preferably three or four parts are. For this execution is also a coupling element is used, either wall side and / or Be the lining side of the spacer made of several parts can, wherein the individual elements of the spacer by an adhesive layer or a weld independently the existing coupling elements can be interconnected. By This measure it is possible, optionally plastic materials which are themselves electrically conductive for the Communications test to increase the existing contact area and thus one possible size To form earth ground. The connection of the left and right to Coupling element arranged spacer can in this case Friction welding, through Gluing or plasticizing an absorbent coating with Help of electromagnetic radiation take place. To the wall side of a container could in such a case, an existing metal spacer with a plastic second spacer, for example be joined by gluing.

In Another embodiment of the invention is provided that the coupling elements T-shaped, mushroom-shaped, U-shaped with leaking thighs, plate-shaped, wavy formed with a straight center base, S-shaped or angular are, being round or strip-shaped Coupling elements are used. Alternatively, there is the possibility that the coupling elements consist of a flexible cap-strip, which with hot air and a corresponding joining pressure on the wall surface aufschweißbar is, so after cooling off the lining material on the spacers are also welded on can.

On the basis of the different versions of the spacers, the wall surface may be made of a metal, for example stainless steel, or it may be a wall surface of egg Preferably laminated, thin plastic Mate rial be used, which is glued on a metal or fiberglass outer wall. For the wall surface and the lining material, standard thermoplastics, preferably PE, PP, PE-UHMW or partially fluorinated thermoplastics, preferably PVDV, E-CTFE or highly fluorinated thermoplastics, preferably FEP, MFA, PFA or modified PTFE, are used.

So far the wall surface Made of plastic Adapter parts made of plastic also connected by mirroring with the wall surface become. For this purpose, with the aid of a heating element corresponding Contour, for example, a heater blade, a heating of wall surface and the adapter part made and after reaching the necessary Temperature removed the heating element and by pressing the Adapter parts a welded joint produced. If necessary, this operation can be fully automatic done with a corresponding device.

All solutions according to the invention Use of the spacers hereby see a gap between the lining material and the wall surface. This gap For example, it can be used as a leakage room to help with from corresponding sensors leaking media, which by the first lining material pass through, recognize and suck or by a flushing process to remove any damage to the outer lining material or the wall surface to prevent. About that In addition, the gap is used in case of temperature fluctuations, which due to the media used in the interior of the container and Apparatus can occur at any time or in the case of an over- or negative pressure an extension of the lining material up to in the container room or if necessary to allow in the space. Due to the chosen mounting method over the spacers will nevertheless ensure that the lining material is due to the existing fixed points on the wall surface is securely held and all Temperature differences and compensatory movements without damage of the lining material possible are.

In further particular embodiment of the invention is provided, that the attachment of the lining material with the spacers in such a way that the lining material provided with openings is, which are arranged congruent to the spacers and a weld of the balance material with the spacers by hot gas pull welding within the breakthroughs enable. Then done in a further operation, a post-processing of the plastic weld, for example even through and plaster so that a seamless and smooth interface between the starting material, the weld and the spacer is created. This is especially in the field of application of pure media or liquids important, for example for the production of semiconductors, so that no residual media in the respective wells or remain in the formed corners and edges and thus to a Lead contamination could.

Insofar as an absorbent coating is used for the welding of plastic materials, in particular when welding the lining material to the spacers or the individual parts of the respective spacers, an electromagnetic radiation source, preferably a solid-state laser, gas laser, semiconductor laser or an infrared light source, for example a A xenon short arc lamp, a welding done or it is a CO ₂ laser used for welding.

to increase the strength of the two-part spacers may be the coupling elements on their outside a structured surface as an adhesion-promoting bonding layer, so that a particular intimate bond between the coupling parts and the respective ones Distance parts is achieved, one being the electromagnetic radiation absorbing coating at least in sections in the direction aligned with the lining material. The situation is similar when the spacer to be connected to a plastic wall panel.

Alternatively, it is also possible that the coupling elements is formed in two or more parts, wherein the adhesion-promoting bonding layer and at least one, the electromagnetic radiation absorbing coating one or more layers, preferably twisted, twisted or braided is applied. The coupling elements can adhesion-promoting additives on the outside, for example, textile structures such as woven, knitted or nonwoven fabrics of E-glass or ECR glass, C-fibers, aramid fibers, polyester or polyacrylonitrile, or other synthetic fibers or those of plastic materials, preferably with a polymeric matrix of the same or related plastics as the lining material, have. Alternatively, the coupling elements may comprise adhesion promoting additives in the form of hybrid tapes, hybrid cords or hybrid yarns consisting of electromagnetic radiation absorbing or nonabsorbent polymeric tapes and inorganic fiber bundles, preferably C fibers, glass fibers, silicate fibers or aramid fibers, the Ver reinforcing fibers with resin are glued together.

The Adhesive bonding layer is usually in Embedded the material of a spacer and is at least partly from the surface resulting in a second spacer after partial plasticization can be pressed onto the adhesion-promoting bonding layer and after cooling off leads to a particularly intimate connection. Here, the material of the first distance part a higher Melting temperature than the second spacer part, so that a release of the Bonding layer can be excluded as a result of heating can.

The The invention will be explained again below with reference to FIGS.

It shows

1 3 a sectional side view of a holding device according to the invention for fastening a lining material to a wall surface with the aid of a spacer,

2 in a sectional side view of another embodiment according to 1 .

3 a further embodiment according to 1 .

4 a further embodiment according to 3 .

5 a further embodiment according to 1 .

6 in a sectional side view the use of a cap-strip on a wall surface,

7 in a sectional side view of the attachment of a lining material using a cap strip according to 6 .

8th the arrangement of the lining material on a wall and floor surface after welding in a partial view,

9 in a sectional side view of a further fastening variant for the lining material and

10 in a sectional side view of the attachment of two inliner films on spacers based on the embodiment according to 9 ,

1 shows in a sectional side view of a holding device 1 , which for fastening a lining material 2 on a wall surface 3 is provided, wherein for fixing the lining material 2 a spacer 4 is used.

The lining material 2 preferably consists of a thermoplastic, which is insensitive to aggressive media, such as gases, liquids. For this reason, the lining material becomes 2 Used to make a container or larger equipment, passing through the wall surface 3 be protected from the aggressive media. In the embodiment shown, the wall surface 3 from an inner plastic layer 5 , an adhesive or adhesive layer 6 and an outer supporting wall 7 formed, with the wall 7 can be made for example of metal or fiberglass and thus no compatibility with the plastic materials used in the lining material 2 consists. For this reason, a spacer according to the invention 4 used, which is formed in two parts in the embodiment shown and from a first spacer part 10 and a second spacer part 11 which consists of a coupling element 12 connected to each other. The coupling element 12 serves two different materials of the spacers 10 . 11 to connect with each other. On the special design of the spacers 10 . 11 will be discussed in more detail below.

The first adapter part 10 is designed as a thermoplastic and compatible with the lining material 2 or consists of a related plastic material, so that a weld can be made. In the embodiment shown, this is due to the weld 13 shown. For this purpose is in the lining material 2 a breakthrough 14 congruent with the spacer 4 present, so that within the breakthrough, a weld, for example by hot gas welding can be produced. After welding, the weld becomes 13 Smoothed and plastered, so that within the container wall and towards the side of the aggressive media out a completely smooth surface is formed, which prevents the adhesion of liquids and gases during a cleaning process. The connection chosen here between the lining material 2 and the first spacer 10 at the same time ensures a secure and permanent connection, so that even under increased stress, for example due to temperature fluctuations and expansion of the lining material 2 , no damage occur.

The second spacer 11 is ummittelbar with the wall-side plastic layer 5 welded, this is through the weld 15 sym izes. For fastening the lining material 2 becomes the connection between the wall surface 3 over the spacers 4 manufactured in such a way that first a fastening of the spacers 4 with the help of the weld 15 on the wall surface 3 he follows. After laying or hanging the lining material 2 the introduction of breakthroughs takes place 14 and subsequent welding of the lining material 2 with the second spacer part 10 and subsequent reworking of the weld, so that there is a flat lining on the inside of the container and the outer wall, such as GRP or a metal wall, can not be attacked by the aggressive media. Between the lining material 2 and the wall surface 3 is a gap 16 trained, which can be used, for example, to escape any leakage problems with the help of sensors leakage of liquid or gases in the space 16 determine and prevent by damaging the gases or liquids damaging the outer wall or at least delay it. The gap 16 can be flushed for this purpose, if necessary, also.

The coupling element used 12 can be formed conductive in this embodiment, so that, for example, the weld 13 a final check for leaks can be subjected. For this testers are used, which make a breakdown test of the weld by means of high voltage. For this reason, the coupling element must 12 be conductive and used as earth. Alternatively, a conductive ring may be used.

2 shows a second embodiment of the holding device according to the invention 20 in a sectional side view, the structure except for the adapter element 21 is almost identical. Also in this solution is an interior lining material 2 with the help of spacers 21 with the wall surface 3 connected, these having an identical structure according to 1 having.

Opposite the 1 is the spacer element 21 However, formed in four parts. Right of the coupling element 22 there is a first 23 and second spacer part 24 and to the left thereof also a first spacer 25 and second spacer part 26 , The four-part embodiment was therefore chosen, on the one hand a reliable and secure connection to the wall surface 3 and to the lining material 2 with the help of the external spacers 24 . 25 can be achieved, in turn, welds 27 . 28 are used and a welding as in the previously described embodiment according to 1 he follows. The internal spacers 23 and 26 are with the outer spacers 24 and 25 through an adhesive or welding surface 29 . 30 connected. The advantage of this embodiment is that the spacers 23 and 26 compatible with the coupling element 22 can be performed to the strength of the coupling element 22 to increase. A connection of the spacers 23 and 24 respectively 25 and 26 In this case, as far as it concerns plastic materials that are identical or related, with the help of a friction weld or absorbing coatings can be used, provided the materials used are light transparent, so that with the help of electromagnetic radiation, the absorbent layers are heated and a plasticization and thus a welding takes place. A four-part variant of the adapter element 21 is then selected if a spark test is to be performed to check the existing welds. Here, for example, an adapter part 23 or 26 be formed conductive to the weld 27 to be able to check while the adapter parts 24 or 25 are highly pure and non-conductive, so that, for example, no contact of the conductive materials, which may contain, for example, carbon can arise with the medium within the wall. Even with this solution is a gap 31 formed, which serves the same purpose as in the first embodiment.

The wall surface 3 can in the embodiments shown according to 1 and 2 made of steel, GRP or concrete. Alternatively, the wall surface 3 may be formed together with the coupling layer solid, such as PE, while the coupling layer may consist of an adhesive layer, an adhesive layer or pimples. A plastic layer 5 as the first inliner coating forms in the embodiments according to 1 and 2 a first protective layer formed by the lining material 2 is protected as a second inliner coating.

3 shows a further holding device according to the invention 40 , which for fastening a lining material 2 on a wall surface 41 over a spacer 42 serves. The wall surface 41 shows in this solution a simple structure and may for example consist of fiberglass or metal, while the lining material 2 made of a thermoplastic. The spacer 42 is formed in two parts in this solution and consists of a first spacer 43 and a second spacer 44 , The first spacer 43 is also made of a thermoplastic, so with the help of a weld 45 a welding of the lining material 2 with the spacer 43 can be done. In contrast, in the solution shown, the second spacer 44 made of metal and can with the help of a weld 46 with the wall surface 41 be welded. It would also be conceivable if the wall surface 41 made of FRP is that the second spacer 44 optionally glued to the GRP. The connection between the two spacers 43 . 44 via a coupling element 47 , Which consists of a profiling in the illustrated embodiment, namely from a dovetail profiling, so that the possibility of a compression of the two spacers 43 and 44 is given and a form and adhesion between the spacers 43 . 44 is present. This solution also discloses a secure method of attachment of the lining material 2 on a wall surface 41 and also has the advantage that a variety of materials on the one hand metal, on the other hand plastic can be used.

4 shows that off 3 known structure, wherein for securing the dovetail-shaped compound additionally a ring 48 deferred, so that can be dispensed with a compression of the connection and the two spacers 43 . 44 only be pushed into each other. The ring 48 prevents slipping apart.

The embodiment shown according to 3 and 4 with a dovetailed connection of the two spacers 43 . 44 shows only a first suggestion. In principle, it is possible to produce other types of a positive connection or a force flow or to build a coupling element with the aid of weldable elements. The elements used here can have a variety of designs and increase stability and durability.

5 shows in a sectional side view of a positive connection for a holding device 70 consisting of two spacers 71 and 72 consists. The wall surface shown 73 consists of an outer supporting wall 74 using an adhesive layer 75 an inner plastic coating 76 and, for example, the structure according to 1 and 2 equivalent. The spacer 72 is over a weld 77 directly with the plastic coating 76 welded so that a secure attachment of the holding device 70 is guaranteed. Before the welding with the weld 77 takes place, becomes the first spacer 71 in the second spacer part 72 inserted, which is a round or possibly an elongated design. The first spacer 71 which is T-shaped, in this case lies in the U-shaped second spacer part 72 one, which is a breakthrough 78 through which the spacer 71 protrudes. The spacer 71 is over a contact surface 82 with the lining material 79 welded, with the lining material 79 at the corresponding positions of the holding device 70 with a recess 80 is provided. Inside the recess 80 can the lining material 79 with the first spacer part 71 through a weld 81 be welded. The plastic materials used for the first spacer 71 can therefore with respect to the plastic used to the lining material 79 be adjusted. It is essential in this positive connection between the two spacers 71 and 72 that the spacer part 71 loose in the second spacer part 72 is included. The inward facing weld 81 can also be plastered and optionally smoothed, as already to the 1 and 2 executed.

6 shows a spacer 50 which consists of a cap-strip and the connection of a lining material with a wall surface 53 allows. In this solution, a strip-shaped attachment of the lining material is preferred to a large-scale load distribution of the lining material on the wall surface 53 to achieve. This solution makes sense if it is to be expected with large differences in temperature of the media in the container and thus the lining material is exposed to significant thermal stresses or an excess or negative pressure can occur.

The spacer 50 according to 6 consists of a two-piece plastic material, namely one of the wall surface 53 associated plastic layer 55 and a plastic layer associated with the terminal 54 , which directly via a coupling element 51 are connected, wherein the coupling element 51 may be constructed similar, as in the previous embodiments or optionally also consists of only one adhesive layer. The attachment to the wall surface 53 is done with hot air with identical plastic materials as the wall surface 53 so that a plasticization takes place and with simultaneous application of a joining pressure, a connection between the plastic layer 55 the cap-strip and the plastic of the wall surface 53 can be achieved. 6 shows the connection in the longitudinal direction, while the underlying 7 the arrangement in section shows, making it clear that even with this solution between lining material 52 and wall surface 53 a gap 56 arises and a weld over a weld 57 he follows.

8th shows a container in a partial view 60 with a wall surface 61 and a floor area 63 as well as a lining material 62 , which with the help of the spacer 50 on the wall surface 61 and floor space 63 is attached. In this solution, the according to 6 shown spacers 50 used, which in strip form present and thus a strip-shaped attachment of the lining material 62 on the wall surface 61 and floor space 63 allow, with the lining material 62 due to its own weight and the present line-shaped attachment tends to pillow formation. This pillow formation is desirable in this solution, since the recorded media may be subject to very high temperature fluctuations and is operated with an overpressure or underpressure, so that there is a need that the lining material 62 can adapt to the changed conditions and is based on sufficient elasticity. By this type of attachment can advantageously attachment of the lining material 62 immediately to the corner area.

9 shows in a sectional side view of another fastening variant for a lining material 110 which is on a wall surface 111 is attached. For this purpose, the use of a two-piece spacer 112 provided, consisting of a first spacer part 113 and a second spacer 114 consists. The wall surface 111 can be made of plastic or weldable materials, for example, so that the first spacer 113 over a weld 115 directly with the wall surface 111 can be welded. The first spacer 113 is U-shaped in cross-section and has an opening 116 on. Through the breakthrough, the second spacer protrudes 114 towards the lining material 110 , which is cup-shaped in the present embodiment and thus with its expiring limbs 117 within the U-shaped spacer 113 rests. The connection between the lining material 110 and the second spacer part 114 via an absorbent coating 118 caused by electromagnetic radiation 119 to a welding of the second spacer 114 with the lining material 110 leads.

10 shows one in a sectional side view 9 constructive embodiment, wherein two lining materials 110 and 121 be used. The first lining material 110 will be over the 9 known spacers 112 with the wall surface 111 connected while using a second spacer 120 a compound of another lining material 121 he follows. The spacer 120 has a V-shaped cross-section and is designed round in the present embodiment. A first contact surface 122 has an absorbent coating 123 on while a second contact surface 124 an absorbent coating 125 having. The first absorbent coating 123 serves to weld the spacer 120 with the first lining material 110 while the second absorbent coating 125 for welding to the second lining material 121 is provided. Both welds can be made with the help of electromagnetic radiation 126 be made in one operation. Between the lining material 110 and 120 there is a gap 127 , which with a spacer fabric 128 is filled. The spacer fabric essentially serves the purpose that the two lining materials 110 respectively 121 do not come into contact with each other and thus the gap 127 over the entire outer circumference is maintained. The gap 127 is used to absorb escaping gases or liquids that can be removed by a rinse. For this reason is in the 10 in the lower area a connection 129 represented to which, for example, a pump can be connected. From this connection 129 Only the upper section is shown graphically, with a collar-shaped transition 130 the wall surface 111 and a collar-shaped transition 131 of the lining material 110 , The two lining materials 110 and 121 are used here as inliner films, namely to protect the wall surface 111 , passing through the gap 127 the possibility of premature detection of a leak can be made and beyond by the intended flushing, gases or liquids from this gap 127 are removable.

1

holder

2

lining material

3

wall surface

4

spacer

5

Plastic layer

6

adhesive or adhesive layer

7

wall

10

spacer

11

spacer

12

coupling element

13

Weld

14

breakthrough

15

Weld

16

gap

20

holder

21

spacer

22

coupling element

23

spacer

24

spacer

25

spacer

26

spacer

27

Weld

28

Weld

29

coating

30

coating

31

gap

40

holder

41

wall surface

42

spacer

43

spacer

44

spacer

45

Weld

46

Weld

47

coupling element

48

ring

50

spacer

51

coupling element

52

lining material

53

wall surface

54

Plastic layer

55

Plastic layer

56

gap

57

Weld

60

container

61

wall surface

62

lining material

63

floor area

70

holder

71

spacer

72

spacer

73

wall surface

74

wall

75

adhesive layer

76

Plastic coating

77

Weld

78

breakthrough

79

lining material

80

recess

81

Weld

82

contact area

110

lining material

111

wall surface

112

spacer

113

spacer

114

spacer

115

Weld

116

breakthrough

117

leg

118

coating

119

radiation

120

spacer

121

lining material

122

contact area

123

coating

124

contact area

125

coating

126

radiation

127

gap

128

spacer fabric

129

connection

130

crossing

131

crossing

Claims (26)

Holding device ( 1 . 20 . 40 . 70 ) for fixing a lining material ( 2 . 52 . 62 . 79 . 110 . 121 ) on a wall surface ( 3 . 41 . 53 . 61 . 73 . 111 ), in particular a container, apparatus or plant wall, which on the wall surface ( 3 . 41 . 53 . 61 . 73 . 111 ) by means of spacers ( 4 . 21 . 42 . 50 . 120 ), characterized in that the spacers ( 4 . 21 . 42 . 50 . 120 ) at least in two parts and via a coupling element ( 12 . 22 . 47 . 51 ), wherein a first contact surface of the spacers ( 4 . 21 . 42 . 50 . 120 ) with the wall surface ( 3 . 41 . 53 . 61 . 73 . 111 ) and a second contact surface with the lining material ( 2 . 52 . 62 . 79 . 110 . 121 ) is weldable. Holding device according to claim 1, characterized in that a first spacer part ( 10 . 11 . 23 . 24 . 25 . 26 . 43 . 44 . 71 . 72 . 113 . 114 ) of metal, preferably steel or stainless steel, and having a wall surface ( 3 . 41 . 53 . 61 . 73 . 111 ) made of steel or stainless steel is weldable. Holding device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a first spacer part ( 10 . 11 . 23 . 24 . 25 . 26 . 43 . 44 . 71 . 72 . 113 . 114 ) is made of plastic and with a wall surface ( 3 . 41 . 53 . 61 . 73 . 111 ) is welded from identical or related plastics. Holding device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that a second spacer part ( 10 . 11 . 23 . 24 . 25 . 26 . 43 . 44 . 71 . 72 . 113 . 114 ) made of plastic and with a lining material ( 2 . 52 . 62 . 79 . 110 . 121 ) is welded from identical or related plastics. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that spacers ( 10 . 11 . 23 . 24 . 25 . 26 . 43 . 44 . 71 . 72 . 113 . 114 ) made of plastic and metal or two incompatible plastic materials are combined. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the spacers ( 4 . 21 . 42 . 50 . 120 ) are round, oval or formed as a strip. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the coupling element ( 12 . 22 . 47 . 51 ) consists of an adhesive layer, for example adhesive layer or of mutually positively and / or non-positively connected first and second coupling parts, for example, a dovetail-shaped toothing. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the coupling elements ( 12 . 22 . 51 ) or adapter parts ( 23 . 26 . 44 ) are electrically conductive. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the coupling elements ( 12 . 22 . 47 . 51 ) are not formed conductive and are surrounded by a conductive sleeve, such as carbon ring or C-fiber loop. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the spacers ( 4 . 21 . 42 . 50 . 120 ) are formed in several parts, preferably three or four parts. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least to one side of the coupling elements ( 12 . 22 . 47 . 51 ) a multi-part version of the spacer ( 4 . 21 . 42 . 50 . 120 ) is arranged. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the coupling parts T-shaped, mushroom-shaped, U-shaped with leaking thighs, plate-shaped, wavy formed with a straight center base, S-shaped or angular are, with round or strip-shaped coupling parts are usable. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the coupling elements ( 12 . 22 . 47 . 51 ) consist of flexible cap-strips, which can be welded on with hot air and joining pressure. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the wall surface ( 3 . 41 . 53 . 61 . 73 . 111 ) consists of a metal, for example stainless steel. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the wall surface ( 3 . 41 . 53 . 61 . 73 . 111 ) consists of a laminated preferably, thin plastic material which is glued on a metal or GFK outer wall. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the wall surface ( 3 . 41 . 53 . 61 . 73 . 111 ) and the lining material ( 2 . 52 . 62 . 79 . 110 . 121 ) consists of standard thermoplastics, preferably PE, PP, PE-UHMW or partially fluorinated thermoplastics, preferably PVDF, E-CTFE or highly fluorinated thermoplastics, preferably FEP, MFA, PFA or modified PTFE. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that between lining material ( 2 . 52 . 62 . 79 . 110 . 121 ) and wall surface ( 3 . 41 . 53 . 61 . 73 . 111 ) a gap ( 16 . 31 . 56 . 127 ) is trained. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the lining material ( 2 . 52 . 62 . 79 . 110 . 121 ) with breakthroughs ( 14 ), which congruent to the spacers ( 4 . 21 . 42 . 50 . 120 ), wherein a welding of the lining material ( 2 . 52 . 62 . 79 . 110 . 121 ) with the spacers ( 4 . 21 . 42 . 50 . 120 ) by a Warmgasziehschweißung within the breakthroughs ( 14 ) he follows. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the weld ( 13 . 15 . 27 . 28 . 45 . 46 . 57 . 77 . 81 . 115 ), for example, smoothed and plastered. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the absorbent coating ( 118 . 123 . 125 ) consists of the same plastic materials and PE-UHMW and modified PTFE of similar plastic materials. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that for the plasticization of the absorbent coating ( 118 . 123 . 125 ) an electromagnetic radiation source, preferably a solid-state laser, gas laser, semiconductor laser or an infrared light source, for example a xenon short-arc lamp, is used or a CO ₂ laser can be used. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the coupling elements ( 12 . 22 . 47 . 51 ) has on its outer side a structured surface as an adhesion-promoting bonding layer. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the coupling elements ( 12 . 22 . 47 . 51 ) are formed in one piece and are wound or laid straight, obliquely or crosswise, wherein the electromagnetic radiation absorbing coating at least in sections in the direction of the lining material ( 2 . 52 . 62 . 79 . 110 . 121 ) is aligned. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the coupling elements ( 12 . 22 . 47 . 51 ) on its outer side adhesion promoting additives, such as textile structures such as woven, knitted or nonwoven fabrics of E-glass or ECR glass, C-fibers, aramid fibers, polyester or polyacrylonitrile, or other synthetic fibers or those of plastic materials, preferably with a polymeric matrix of the same or related plastics as the lining material. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the coupling elements ( 12 . 22 . 47 . 51 ) have on the outside adhesion-promoting additives in the form of hybrid tapes, hybrid cords or hybrid yarns, which consist of electromagnetic radiation absorbing or non-absorbing polymeric tapes and inorganic fiber bundles, preferably C fibers, glass fibers, silicate fibers or aramid fibers, wherein the reinforcing fibers are bondable with resin. Holding device according to one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the materials of the adhesion-promoting bonding layer in the melt of the lining materials ( 2 . 52 . 62 . 79 . 110 . 121 ) are at least partially embedded.