DE102008027603B4 - Solar module mounting device - Google Patents

Abstract

Solar module fastening device (1) for fastening solar modules (2) to a carrier (3) with a module-side fastening element (5) and a carrier-side fastening element (4) which is anchored to the carrier (3) in an insertion position in the carrier (3 ) and can be transferred from the insertion position into an anchoring position, and with a pressure plate (11) to be arranged between the module-side fastening element (5) and on the solar module (2), characterized in that a positive guide (10) is provided on the pressure plate (11). is provided, by means of which the carrier-side fastening element (4) when tightening the solar module mounting device (1) is transferred from the insertion position into the anchoring position in which it is anchored tensile strength in the carrier profile (3), so that the attachment of the solar module (2) the carrier (3) can be completed by further tightening the solar module mounting device (1).

Description

The invention relates to a solar module fixing device for fixing solar modules to a carrier according to the preamble of claim 1 and of claim 2.

Solar modules, for example solar thermal modules or photovoltaic modules, which generally have a rectangular shape, are normally mounted side by side on a large scale, for example on roofs, in order to produce a solar system. As a substructure carriers are used, which are designed for such planar systems, for example, as rails with corresponding points of attack for the fastening means for fastening the carrier to the base (the roof) and for fastening the modules to the carrier.

The rails have, for example, a rectangular cross-section and at two opposite or on all sides openings or recesses, such as slots for the introduction of the fastener. In addition to a continuous slot in particular individual, in the longitudinal direction of the profile successive recesses, such as elongated holes or similar openings into consideration.

As a simple fastening device for the solar modules comes a clamping device of a threaded screw and a nut or a threaded bolt and two nuts, optionally with washer (s) to protect the modules into consideration. The screw head or the or one of the nuts, for example, as a carrier-side fastening element for attaching the solar system to the carrier in these inserted and anchored there. At its other end, the fastening device with the screw head or the (other) nut as fastening element grasps or overlaps the module or several adjacent modules and secures the module or modules to the carrier by tightening the screw or nut.

This can be done in the simplest way so that the one end of the threaded bolt with its screw head or seated nut from the profile end forth in the opening, in particular a continuous slot, introduced, placed in the intended position and - after positioning of the solar module or - by the upper nut or the screw head is tightened. The nut or the screw head, which is inserted into the rail, is expediently designed so that it rotatably in the rail sits - so as not to turn when tightening.

However, this simple assembly, even if the carrier has a continuous slot as the passage for the fastening device, so no longer possible when successively several modules to be mounted on a rail. Because the previously assembled modules then prevent the insertion of the fastening device in the slot at least from the end on which modules are already mounted. Although they could still be introduced from the other, still open end. But this would mean, for example, in a roof mounting, that any fastening device at the other end, so usually at the top of the roof, threaded and would have to be brought into position from there, which would be associated with considerable overhead and risks for the fitters.

Incidentally, a carrier strip have a continuous longitudinal slot for reasons of stability anyway only on one side and it is conveniently provided for mounting the carrier on the roof or as a lateral access for holding the carrier-side fastener during tightening.

Therefore, such carrier profiles next to a continuous slot on one longitudinal side, for example on the opposite or on several sides a plurality of openings or slots for inserting a fastening device or its carrier-side fastening element. The carrier-side fastener in this case must be shaped in its cross-section so that it fits through the opening. So that it can then develop its holding power, it must be transferred after insertion into an anchoring position (rotated) and held in this position until the completion of the attachment. In particular - if it is a screw fastening - the entrainment of the fastener or at least its complete emigration from the anchoring position when tightening must be avoided.

This can be achieved by holding the carrier-side fastening element, for example by lateral access (slot) to the carrier profile with a suitable device until the attachment is completed. Instead, the fastening element can also be shaped and dimensioned, or profilings can be provided in the carrier which prevent the fastening element from attaching to a change in position, or at any rate to a complete emigration from the anchoring position.

Of course, this requires special, complex measures on the components, so that no standard rails are more usable. In addition, it requires additional manipulations when installing the fastening devices.

If access to the carrier interior for holding the carrier-side fastener is required, the carrier must, for example, laterally accessible, so be wholly or largely open, which impairs its stability. In addition, the access to the support interior even with an open profile after the first elements edition only under difficult conditions possible, if not completely impossible. In any case, the assembly in this case requires a second force, which leads the additional tool to be used for holding the carrier-side fastener. Also a high dexterity of the mechanic is necessary to accomplish the insertion and positioning of the fastening device and subsequent tightening while simultaneously supporting the still loose modules.

Although profiling the carrier avoid these disadvantages, but require a suitably assembled carrier with internal profiles for holding the fastener. The manufacture of such carriers causes considerable additional and higher costs than if a carrier in the form of a standard component such as a standard rail can be used.

In all this, it must not be disregarded that the assembly typically takes place at a lofty height, namely on roofs with a marked inclination, ie under difficult conditions and increased risk, ie increased effort for the intrinsic safety of craftsmen makes work and concentration difficult.

Out WO 03/098126 A1 For example, a fastening device for fastening solar modules to a carrier with a module-side fastening element and a carrier-side fastening element is known. In this known fastening device, a groove plate is provided, which indeed penetrated by a threaded bolt, but not screwed to it. A screwing is done rather by a separate nut, for which the groove plate has an additional profiled recording, so when tightening the bolt, the mother does not twist. The actual groove plate has no separate guide, which is why additional stops are provided on a separate component, which is located between a clamping plate which is also only passed through by the bolt and the groove plate. When tightening the device, the groove plate between the attacks can now move freely without any guidance, up to the existing on both sides of the existing between the clamping plate and the groove plate additional element on both sides attacks.

So that the carrier-side fastening element, d. H. the Nutplatte is brought into an anchoring position for the subsequent screwing together, the carrier-side fastener must be rotated by compressing a spring by 90 degrees, where it can be tightened in the then reached position.

Against this background, it is an object of the present invention to provide a solar module mounting device for fastening solar modules to a carrier with a carrier-side and a module-side fastener, the attachment of the modules to the carriers in a simple manner, if possible by a single operator and with as few , if possible only a single or even without tools and allows the use of carriers that do not need to be specially made for this, but are available as standard components on the market.

All these requirements are realized in the solar module fixing device according to the invention for fixing solar modules to a support according to claim 1 and claim 2, respectively. Advantageous developments are defined in the respective dependent claims.

It consists of a carrier-side and a module-side fastening element. In this case, the term "fastening element" means the parts which rest on the carrier or on the module when the module is fastened, and which transmits the fastening forces which the fastening device generates when tightening onto the carrier or onto the module.

In particular, a screw head of a screw and a nut suitable for the screw (which can be screwed) come into consideration as fastening elements. The fastening device consists in this simplest case of a screw with a screw head and a nut. Instead, however, the fastening device can also consist of a threaded bolt with two matching nuts as carrier-side and module-side fastening element.

The invention may be particularly easy to implement with a screw connection between the fastening elements, but is not limited thereto. The fastening device may also be a quick-release device of known type or any other tensioning device.

Is essential to the invention that the carrier-side fastening element is formed so that it can be inserted in an insertion to its anchoring to the carrier in this carrier, more precisely (from above) can be inserted, that is by for provided recesses / recesses or openings in the carrier fits.

These recesses or openings may, for example, be the longitudinal slots or slots known in standard carrier profiles, in which case the carrier element to be inserted may also have a corresponding elongate shape. But it is also any other non-circular shape of the recess conceivable, as long as only the associated carrier-side fastener in an insertion position through it is inserted (passes) and after its transfer into an anchoring position no longer retractable (anchored to the carrier), without already doing so a clamping effect between the carrier-side and the module-side fastening element must finally be established for the solar modules. The carrier-side fastening element, be it the head of a screw or a nut or the like, may, for example, have the form of a sliding block or a hammer head.

Essential to the invention is further a positive guide, the carrier-side fastening element when it is inserted into the carrier profile in the insertion, on actuation of the fastening device, such as by tightening the screw or by pressing the quick release o. Ä., From the insertion position into an anchoring position in which the fastener is anchored tensile strength in the carrier profile and the attachment of the solar module to the support by further tightening the screw, the clamping device o. Ä. Can be completed.

The advantage of such an arrangement is that the fastening device is not kept in individual parts and the parts at the construction site, for example, in an exposed position on the roof, must be manipulated for assembly, but can be kept pre-assembled ready.

For mounting, the fastening device, for example, has to be placed only on the edge of the solar module, the fastening device inserted with its located in the insertion fastener into the recess in the carrier and actuates the fastening device, that is, the screw is tightened or the quick-release operated.

This is either - for example, when using a quick-tension - no tool needed or it is sufficient - for example, when using a screw or a threaded bolt - a single tool, namely a screwdriver, wrench, socket wrench o. Ä.

The positive guide / inclined surfaces cause the carrier-side fastening element when tightening the fastening device performs a movement from the insertion into the anchoring position and remains there when tightening. This means at the same time that special manipulations for rotating the fastener omitted from the insertion into the anchoring position. For example, the fastening device as a whole need not be rotated in order to transfer the carrier-side fastening element from the insertion into the anchoring position. The position of the module-side parts of the fastening device is the same in insertion and anchoring position. The device can be placed in this position on the modules, placed on the support and tightened.

In the simplest case, the anchoring position can be at right angles to the insertion position. But this is by no means necessary. It suffices any change in angle, which causes an anchoring of the carrier-side fastening element on the carrier and excludes a release of the anchorage and pulling out of the fastening device from the carrier. For this purpose - can satisfy a 45 ° - rotation of the fastener - for example, in a square cross section of the recess / opening in the carrier. Also, it does not matter that the positional change brought about by the positive guidance is maintained until the attachment is completed, as long as the carrier-side fastening element can not move back into the insertion position.

The fastening device according to the invention can be provided with a pressure plate to be arranged between the module-side fastening means on the solar module, which transfers the forces occurring during tightening of the device over a larger area and thus more gently to the module, than can a screw head. This is especially important with the more delicate modules made entirely of glass without metal edging.

The fastening device according to the invention can be further provided with a mounting plate to be arranged between the carrier and the solar module. It also fulfills the purpose of a larger, gentle transmission of holding forces on the module in any case.

According to the invention, the pressure plate or the mounting plate at the same time that one component of the fastening device, which carries the positive guidance in the form of inclined surfaces. In addition, it may have webs for holding the carrier-side fastening element in the insertion position and its guidance in the anchoring position.

A further simplification of the handling of the fastening device is achieved if the mounting plate has at least one carrier-side projection which at least partially has the shape of the recesses in the carrier, through which the carrier-side fastening element can be inserted, which thus fits for example with a press fit in such a recess. Then namely the mounting plate or the preassembled fastening device as a whole by means of this at least one projection on the carrier provisionally fixed, that is held against slipping until the carrier-side fastener brought into the anchoring position or the fastening device is even completely tightened.

A further ease of assembly results when the mounting plate has module-side projections that complicate or prevent a change in position, in particular slipping still unattached solar modules, for example, on a sloping roof.

In this case, it is helpful and with an even more gentle distribution of forces from the fastening device to the modules if the pressure plate and / or the mounting plate have a slip-protection at least on their side facing the solar module.

For even better pressure distribution between the modulseitigem fastener and pressure plate, a pressure plate at least partially overlapping biasing means, for. B. be provided in the form of a snap ring or a biasing plate. Thus, not only a better pressure distribution of the assembly forces is achieved, but - for example, when using a metal plate as vaulted biasing plate on a pressure plate made of plastic - better maintain the tension between the fasteners in the long term, because the plastic does not tend as much to creep as a result of its surface load , At the same time, such a biasing plate protects the underlying mounting plate from environmental influences. Such a biasing means may of course also be provided between the lower fastening element and the mounting plate.

When the fastening device is disposed between and supports a plurality of modules, the holding forces readily distribute evenly over the plurality of modules. At the same time, the fastening device itself is supported on all sides and an oblique position of the carrier side relative to the module-side fastening element or the pressure and the mounting plate against each other avoided. For example, when using the fastening device on the edge of a solar system, however, it will often hold only a solar module. In order to prevent a Schiefzug the fasteners or the pressure and the mounting plate against each other and thus a deterioration of the holding force and incorrect loading of the modules in this case, a compensating piece is provided which can be arranged such that it is the pressure plate and the mounting plate there supported against each other, where the fastening device holds no solar module.

The compensating pieces can be kept as separate (only additional component that can only be used if necessary). This has the advantage that the fastening device in its preassembled form can also be used without compensation piece where such compensation (exceptionally) is necessary.

It is also conceivable to hold pressure or mounting plates with an integrally formed shim and replace them if necessary against the pressure or the mounting plate without shims or even complete fastening devices without the pressure or the mounting plate integrally formed fitting complete fastening devices with the pressure or hold the mounting plate integrally formed compensation piece.

The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Showing:

1 an embodiment of a solar module fixing device according to the invention ( 1 ) with carrier ( 3 ) and carrier-side fastening element ( 4 ) before insertion of the carrier-side fastening element ( 4 ) in the carrier ( 3 ), in perspective view;

2 a detailed representation of the embodiment according to 1 with carrier ( 3 ) and details of the solar module mounting device ( 1 ) in a cross-sectional representation of the carrier ( 3 );

3 a perspective view of the solar module mounting device ( 1 ) to 1 with solar module ( 2 ), Printing plate ( 11 ) and mounting plate ( 12 ) as well as with forced operation ( 10 ) on the pressure plate ( 11 ) in their arrangement prior to assembly of the device;

4 a perspective view of the printing plate ( 11 ) to 3 with bars ( 13 ) and forced operation ( 10 )

5 a perspective view of the solar module mounting device ( 1 ) to 3 and 4 with solar module ( 2 ) in the state of completed attachment to (not shown) carrier ( 3 );

6 a perspective view of a solar module mounting device according to the invention ( 1 ) with pressure plate ( 11 ), Mounting plate ( 12 ) and supports ( 3 ), with forced guidance ( 10 ) on the mounting plate ( 12 ), in their arrangement prior to assembly; and

7 the arrangement after 6 assembled and in the state of the completed attachment of the solar module (not shown).

1 shows an embodiment according to the invention of a solar module fixing device ( 1 ) with carrier ( 3 ) and carrier-side fastening element ( 4 ) before insertion of the carrier-side fastening element ( 4 ) in the carrier ( 3 ), in perspective view. Shown is the carrier-side fastener ( 4 ) in the form of a mother ( 8th ), the module-side fastening element ( 5 ) in the form of a screw head ( 7 ), the recess ( 9 ) in the carrier ( 3 ), the pressure plate ( 11 ), the mounting plate ( 12 ), on the pressure plate ( 11 ) arranged webs ( 13 ) and one on the mounting plate ( 12 ) provided module-side projection ( 15 ). Shown further is a bias plate ( 16 ) with between the module-side fastening element ( 5 ) and the pressure plate ( 11 ) arranged snap ring ( 17 ).

2 shows a detailed illustration of the embodiment according to 1 with carrier ( 3 ) with recess ( 9 ) and on the support ( 3 ) resting mounting plate ( 12 ). It shows as further details of the solar module mounting device ( 1 ) the module-side fastening element ( 5 ) as a screw head ( 7 ), Printing plate ( 11 ) and a threaded screw ( 6 ), the whole in cross-sectional view of the carrier ( 3 ).

3 shows a perspective view of the solar module mounting device ( 1 ) to 1 with solar module ( 2 ), Printing plate ( 11 ) and mounting plate ( 12 ) as well as with forced operation ( 10 ) on the pressure plate ( 11 ) in their arrangement prior to assembly of the device. Shown is the module-side fastener ( 5 ) as a screw head ( 7 ), the threaded screw or threaded bolt ( 6 ), the carrier-side fastening element ( 4 ) as a mother ( 8th ) the pressure plate ( 11 ) with forced guidance ( 10 ) and bridges ( 13 ). Further shown is the mounting plate ( 12 ) with carrier-side projections ( 14 ) and module-side projections ( 15 ).

4 shows as a detail of 3 in perspective view the pressure plate ( 11 ) with forced guidance ( 10 ) and bridges ( 13 ).

5 shows a perspective view of the solar module mounting device ( 1 ) to 3 with solar module ( 2 ) in the assembled state and in the state of completed attachment to (not shown) carrier. Shown is the pressure plate ( 11 ) with bars ( 13 ), the module-side fastening element ( 5 ) as a screw head ( 7 ), the threaded screw or the threaded bolt ( 6 ), the carrier-side fastening element ( 4 ) as a mother ( 8th ) in anchoring position, the mounting plate ( 12 ) with carrier-side projections ( 14 ).

6 shows a perspective view of a solar module mounting device according to the invention ( 1 ) with pressure plate ( 11 ), Threaded screw or threaded bolt ( 6 ), Mounting plate ( 12 ) with carrier-side projections ( 14 ) as well as a carrier ( 3 ) with recess ( 9 ) in their arrangement prior to assembly. The forced operation ( 10 ) and the webs ( 13 ) are here on the mounting plate ( 12 ). Accordingly, here is the carrier-side fastener ( 4 ), which as mother ( 8th ) is formed, between the webs ( 13 ).

7 shows the arrangement after 6 in the assembled state and in the state of the completed attachment of the solar module (not shown). Shown here is the pressure plate ( 11 ) the threaded screw or the threaded bolt ( 6 ) with the carrier-side fastening element ( 4 ) as a mother ( 8th ) in anchoring position, the (partially cut) support ( 3 ) with recesses ( 9 ), as well as the mounting plate ( 12 ) with forced guidance ( 10 ), Stegen ( 13 ), carrier-side projections ( 14 ) and module-side projections ( 15 ).

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Solar module mounting device

2

solar module

3

carrier

4

Carrier-side fastening element

5

Module-side fastening element

6

Screw / threaded bolts

7

screw head

8th

mother

9

Recesses in the carrier

10

Constraining guide / inclined surfaces

11

printing plate

12

mounting plate

13

Stege

14

Carrier-side projections

15

Module-side projections

16

biasing plate

17

snap ring

Claims (13)

Solar module fixing device ( 1 ) for fixing solar modules ( 2 ) on a support ( 3 ) with a module-side fastening element ( 5 ) and a carrier-side fastening element ( 4 ) anchored to the carrier ( 3 ) in an insertion position in the carrier ( 3 ) insertable and from the insertion into an anchoring position is transferable, and with a between the module-side fastener ( 5 ) and on the solar module ( 2 ) to be arranged pressure plate ( 11 ), characterized in that on the pressure plate ( 11 ) a forced operation ( 10 ) is provided, by means of which the carrier-side fastening element ( 4 ) when tightening the solar module mounting device ( 1 ) is transferred from the insertion position into the anchoring position, in which it is tension-resistant in the carrier profile ( 3 ), so that the attachment of the solar module ( 2 ) on the carrier ( 3 ) by further tightening the solar module mounting device ( 1 ) can be completed. Solar module fixing device ( 1 ) for fixing solar modules ( 2 ) on a support ( 3 ) with a module-side fastening element ( 5 ) and a carrier-side fastening element ( 4 ) anchored to the carrier ( 3 ) in an insertion position in the carrier ( 3 ) is insertable and from the insertion position into an anchoring position can be transferred, and with a between the carrier ( 3 ) and the solar module ( 2 ) mounting plate ( 12 ), characterized in that on the mounting plate ( 12 ) a forced operation ( 10 ) is provided, by means of which the carrier-side fastening element ( 4 ) when tightening the solar module mounting device ( 1 ) is transferred from the insertion position into the anchoring position, in which it is tension-resistant in the carrier profile ( 3 ), so that the attachment of the solar module ( 2 ) on the carrier ( 3 ) by further tightening the solar module mounting device ( 1 ) can be completed. Solar module fixing device ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that one between the carrier ( 3 ) and the solar module ( 2 ) mounting plate ( 12 ) is provided. Solar module fixing device ( 1 ) according to claim 2, characterized in that between the module-side fastening element ( 5 ) and on the solar module ( 2 ) a printing plate to be arranged ( 11 ) is provided. Solar module fixing device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the module-side fastening element ( 5 ) a screw head ( 7 ). Solar module fixing device ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier-side fastening element ( 4 ) is shaped so that it is only in the insertion position by recesses ( 9 ) in the carrier ( 3 ) in this and is executable from this. Solar module fixing device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 and 3 to 6, characterized in that the pressure plate ( 11 ) Webs ( 13 ) for holding the carrier-side fastening element ( 4 ) in the insertion position and its guidance in the anchoring position and inclined surfaces ( 10 ) as positive guidance. Solar module fixing device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the mounting plate ( 12 ) Webs ( 13 ) for holding the carrier-side fastening element ( 4 ) in the insertion position and its guidance in the anchoring position and inclined surfaces ( 10 ) as positive guidance. Solar module fixing device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the mounting plate ( 12 ) at least one carrier-side projection ( 14 ), by means of which it is attached to the support ( 3 ) is provisionally determinable, and at least one module-side projection ( 15 ), a change in position of a still unpaved solar module ( 2 ) makes it difficult or impossible. Solar module fixing device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 and 3 to 9, characterized in that the pressure plate ( 11 ) at least on its the solar module ( 2 ) facing side has a slip protection. Solar module fixing device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that the mounting plate ( 12 ) at least on its the solar module ( 2 ) facing side has a slip protection. Solar module fixing device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 3 to 11, characterized in that at least one compensating piece is provided, which can be arranged such that it is the pressure plate ( 11 ) and the mounting plate ( 12 ) is supported there against each other, where the fastening device ( 1 ) no solar module ( 2 ) holds. Solar module fixing device ( 1 ) according to claim 12, characterized in that the at least one compensating piece on the pressure plate ( 11 ) or on the mounting plate ( 12 ) is formed.

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