DE102007063632A1 - Incinerator for biomass - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the utilization of biomass, in which a plant serves as the main constituent of the biomass production, and facilities therefor, according to the preamble of claims 1, 2, 11, 12 and 15. In order to obtain a pre-conditioned for further recovery biomass harvesting, which provides high calorific values and / or high biogas yields is proposed according to the invention that the plant planted on an agricultural area and cut in the vegetation phase as Feuchterntung above the root ball and fed with a residual moisture content of at least 20% immediately a fermentation process in a bioreactor and after fermentation Biogas is withdrawn or cut as dry harvesting above the root ball and crushed with a residual moisture of less than 20% and then fed to a combustion process.

Description

The The invention relates to a combustion furnace, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Biomass as a renewable resource for energy production is gaining in importance in times of increasingly scarce fossil fuels. This is accompanied by alternatives to bring about a reduction in CO ₂ impetus. This also plays an important role in the development of hitherto poorly populated habitat and in the infrastructure for the transport of energy or energy sources.

biomass comes in many forms. That's the way it is in biomass, not only plant-related or dry matter, but also biological waste Count on leftovers, feces, slaughterhouse waste widely to biomass. So can waste in the course of fermentation and / or fermentation processes Biogas, essentially methane are obtained. Methane is there a very valuable source of energy. It is also possible from fermented biowaste liquid fuels and to refine oils. Overall, the biomass poses as such a variety of renewable renewable energy sources represents.

When But biogas will also be the result of anaerobic degradation of organic matter for example, gas mixture formed by methane fermentation. About 5% of the biomass of green plants grows annually Methane by rotting, but unused to the atmosphere reaches, where it even represents a climate-active gas. Becomes methane but fed to a controlled combustion leads this to an environmentally friendly energy conversion.

in the The prior art also discloses fuel cells, which methane is fed directly and a conversion into electrical energy.

Biomass thus represents a renewable source of energy. However, the utilization of different plants always produces a cross section of individual biomasses with different fuel and energy values. In turn, there is the disadvantage that the incinerators must always work on changing operating points when entering different biomass. As a result, incineration is not always optimal, resulting in an unnecessarily high level of flue gas and CO ₂ .

Of the Invention is therefore the object of a combustion furnace for biomass of the generic type to further develop that one for further use preconditioned biomass harvesting arises, the high calorific values and / or high biogas yields.

The Asked object is in a method of the generic Type according to the invention by the characterizing Characteristics of claim 1 solved.

there is used as fuel a new plant variety.

The Features of the incinerator according to the invention arise from the features of claim 1.

The technical preparation steps of the biomass to be burned out of the DE 10 2007 011 782.7-43 considerably advantageous.

at the new plant variety described below, here is used, a stem structure of the plant is present, which is heavily gefastert and thus significantly porous. For The combustion has this immense advantage that the flame is extreme much oxygen is supplied by the plant material, so that reaches unusually high combustion temperatures become. This makes the named new plant variety a surprising good energy source.

The harvested plant or biomass are ground dust fine, and then via a nozzle in one Incinerator be sprayed. Also suitable for this The new type of plant used is enormous, because the loose fibrous structure on the one hand easily grindable, and on the other hand over the fineness of the grinding nevertheless for the combustion favorable advantageous open-pore microstructure of the plant material can be used. Besides, the fuel floats as Ground material longer in the combustion chamber. Through the controlled Injection of the ground material can also optimize the combustion process to be controlled. Thus, in total, for example, a constant temperature-controlled combustion process be driven, which is advantageous for optimal combustion is. By controlling the atomization and the entry of millbase in the combustion process can also be the Working point of the incinerator are optimally approached, so that the combustion with maximum energy yield and minimum Flue gas pollution can be controlled.

Due to the fact that the combustion controlled in this way, or can be optimally optimized, mixing of the plant or the spread biomass with sewage sludge is possible in an advantageous manner. Sewage sludge must be supplied to remove the pollutants contained in the rule of a hot combustion, so that questionable chemical compounds can be cracked in it. This is possible with this new plant used in the above-mentioned technical preparation in a considerably simple and effective manner.

In Advantageous embodiment, the direct supply of fuel and atmospheric oxygen is temperature-dependent such, that the fermentation process in the combustion reactor temperature constant is regulated.

In Another advantageous embodiment is specified that already Immediately after harvesting the crop in one with a harvester entrained Kompaktiereinheit pressed or compacted or is pelleted, and the compacted crop after the harvesting process either directly to the bio or combustion reactor, or to a storage silo can be supplied. With gentle compaction can be taken to ensure that the microstructure of the harvested biomass, d. H. z. As the porosity in the structure, resulting in a good Flame ventilation leads, also preserved.

In carrying out the process according to the invention, the plant with the provisional denomination Igniscum CPVO 2007/0149 is used as biomass. This special variety has the ability to grow extremely fast, while supplying the soil with significant amounts of nitrogen, among other things, which at least this leaching of the acreage is avoided. Thus, the plant is ecologically valuable, and highly suitable for the inventive use according to the invention by their already described special fiber structure. In addition, the plant binds or absorbs a lot of CO ₂ .

Condensing investigations regarding these above properties are of institutes and their extremely high Energy exploitation has been confirmed.

The said plant therefore fulfills both in a double manner an ecological as well as a high economic one Use.

In the context of this invention is one with the appropriate harvesting and conditioning technique of the biomass (according to DE 10 2007 011 782.7-43 ) tuned combustion furnace in which the biomass is sprayed as regrind via a controllable nozzle in the combustion chamber of a combustion furnace, and that the nozzle via flue gas sensors and temperature sensors can be controlled via a control device that via the controlled volumetric flow of ground material in the flame, the temperature the same is constantly controllable.

This represents a particularly advantageous mode of operation of the furnace. But it can also be burned granules or pellets.

The Invention is in the drawing based on embodiments shown and described in more detail below.

It shows :

1 : Schematic representation of a combustion control

1 shows an embodiment of a combustion furnace, in which z. B. controlled material via a dust nozzle, ie regulated in the oven or the flame is einprücht. About the use as regrind results in an enormously advantageous manner that the source biomass is not somehow burned, as is often the case in the prior art, but the biomass is conditioned so far that the ovens can be controlled in optimal operating points.

When burning biomass in this way, however, there is the advantage that this biomass is not taken from fossil, but comes directly from a Nachwachsprozess from the field. In the CO ₂ balance of energy production, this gives the decisive ecological advantage that the fuel has previously absorbed and converted CO ₂ from the atmosphere through its growth. Ie. in other words, that fossil fuels do not do that. These have carried out their CO ₂ absorption of several million years.

When a renewable biomass is being processed in the manner according to the invention, an energetic conversion directly after the growth produces a CO ₂ balance which is at least tended to be eliminated to zero. As a result of the inventive coordination of the harvesting process and the crop treatment, the biomass is compacted or ground as an energy carrier so that optimally reduced and reproducible exhaust gas values are produced. In the overall concept of all technical measures and all advantages achieved, this is an economically as well as ecologically considerably advantageous procedure.

In order to control the combustion in the manner mentioned, the Einsprühdüse the ground material is controlled by the kiln control. The combustion chamber temperature also goes into the control of the furnace via a temperature sensor arranged in the combustion chamber as a control and regulation parameter. Also taken into account are the signals of one or more flue gas sensors. Instead of the controlled or controlled nozzle for regrind, pellet or Granulateinbringmittel, or injectors for liquid biomass fuel can also be provided be. These may be provided instead or in parallel, so that the furnace can be operated for any form of conditioned biomass fuel. The control is equivalent for all types of lighting. Thus, in each case, the fuel input is controlled by the furnace control.

there is also provided that additionally sewage sludge can be fed into the combustion. At this Type sewage sludge are those which not directly deposited or not applied to fields allowed to. These are then to be disposed of by incineration, for example.

at this type of biomass incinerator can in effect be higher Combustion temperatures are achieved than conventional Biomass incinerators. This is due to the nature of the invention conditioned Biomass. Furthermore, this is achieved by the invention Use of the new pluck variety IGNISCUM (CPVO Nr 2007/0149) achieved. This new plant variety produced on the inventive Harvesting and conditioning a biomass that is highly porous, so capillary, and in compact form a high supply from atmospheric oxygen into the combustion flame. there are the firing temperatures achieved higher than usual Biomass. This is favored by the procedural Dry harvesting with the described parameters. This creates a highly effective direct fuel.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

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Cited patent literature

• - DE 102007011782 [0011, 0020]

Claims (5)

Combustion furnace for biomass, characterized in that biomass is sprayed as regrind via a controllable nozzle in the combustion chamber of a combustion furnace, and that via flue gas sensors and temperature sensors, the nozzle via a control device is so controlled that on the controlled volume flow of ground material in the flame, the Temperature of the same is constantly adjustable. Incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that that the harvested plant or the biomass is ground very fine, and then through a nozzle in one Verbennungsreaktor is sprayed. Incinerator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized characterized in that the plant or the biomass with sewage sludge mixed and then in a hot combustion is burned. Incinerator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supply of fuel and atmospheric oxygen is performed temperature-dependent, such that the combustion process in the combustion furnace controlled temperature constant becomes. Use of a plant for a combustion furnace according to one of the preceding claims, characterized that as a plant the Igniscum CPVO 2007/0149 from the genus of Polygonacea (Riesenknöterich) is used.