DE102007019401A1 - Processing leguminous raw material, useful as raw material e.g. for producing ethanol, comprises extruding raw material, pelleting the obtained mass, contacting the mass with cell wall cleaving enzyme and fermenting - Google Patents

Abstract

Processing carbohydrate and protein containing leguminous raw material, preferably soybean meal or soybean flakes, comprises: (a) extruding the leguminous raw material to a mass; (b) pelleting or texturing the extruded mass to pellets and/or texturate; (c) contacting the pellets and/or texturate with a cell wall cleaving enzyme preparation to form a mixture of C5-sugar and/or C6-sugar containing liquid phase and a denatured leguminous protein containing solid phase; (d) separating the two phases; (e) concentrating the solid phase; and (f) fermenting. Processing carbohydrate and protein containing leguminous raw material, preferably soybean meal or soybean flakes, comprises: (a) extruding the leguminous raw material to a mass, where at least a part of the protein mass is denatured; (b) pelleting or texturing the extruded mass to pellets and/or texturate; (c) contacting the pellets and/or texturate with a cell wall cleaving enzyme preparation such as cellulase and/or hemicellulase containing water, to form a mixture of a C5-sugar and/or C6-sugar containing liquid phase and a denatured leguminous protein containing solid phase; (d) separating the liquid phase and the solid phase; (e) concentrating the solid phase to a leguminous protein concentrate; and (f) fermenting the C5-sugar and/or C6-sugar of the liquid phase to at least a fermentation product.

Description

The This invention relates to a method of processing carbohydrate and proteinaceous legume raw material, especially soybean meal or soy flakes, to a legume protein concentrate, in particular Soy protein, and to a fermentation product, in particular to Ethanol.

Process for the preparation of soy protein concentrate are z. B. from the US 4212798 and from the US 5097017 known.

The production of ethanol from a soy hydrolyzate is z. B. from the US 6130076 known.

Of the Invention is based on the object, a legume raw material not only as a cost-effective starting material for Feed, especially for fish feed, but also as starting material for further valuable substances, in particular for ethanol.

These Task is by the inventive method after Claim 1 or solved according to claim 18.

Further Embodiments of the method emerge from the subclaims.

• a) Extrudieren des Leguminosen-Rohmaterials zu einer Masse, wobei zumindest ein Teil der Proteine der Masse denaturiert werden. Die durch das Extrudieren/Texturieren denaturierten Proteine sind wasserunlöslich. Sie lösen sich daher in einer Cellulase und/oder Hemicellulase enthaltenden wässrigen Lösung nicht auf.
• b) Pelletieren oder Texturieren der extrudierten Masse zu Pellets bzw. Texturaten. Dies erleichtert den Umgang mit der kohlenhydrat- und proteinhaltigen Masse in den folgenden Schritten.
• c) Kontaktieren der Pellets bzw. Texturate mit einem Zellwand spaltenden Enzympräparat, wie z. B. Cellulase und/oder Hemicellulase enthaltendes Wasser, wodurch ein Gemisch aus einer C5-Zucker und/oder C6-Zucker enthaltenden flüssigen Phase und einer denaturierte Leguminosenproteine enthaltenden festen Phase gebildet wird. In der flüssigen Phase reichern sich dabei C5-Zucker und C6-Zucker an, während in der festen Phase der Proteingehalt zunimmt.
• d) Trennen der flüssigen Phase und der festen Phase. Hier teilt sich der Prozess in einen ersten Prozesszweig und einen zweiten Prozesszweig zur gesonderten Weiterverarbeitung auf.
• e) Konzentrieren bzw. Entwässern der festen Phase zu einem Leguminosenprotein-Konzentrat in dem ersten Prozesszweig.
• f) Fermentieren der C5-Zucker und/oder C6-Zucker der flüssigen Phase zu mindestens einem Fermentationsprodukt in dem zweiten Prozesszweig.

In the method according to the invention the following steps are carried out:

• a) extruding the legume raw material into a mass wherein at least a portion of the proteins of the mass are denatured. The proteins denatured by extrusion / texturing are water insoluble. They therefore do not dissolve in an aqueous solution containing cellulase and / or hemicellulase.
• b) pelletizing or texturizing the extruded mass into pellets or textures. This facilitates the handling of the carbohydrate and protein-containing mass in the following steps.
• c) contacting the pellets or Texturate with a cell wall-cleaving enzyme preparation, such as. B. cellulase and / or hemicellulase-containing water, whereby a mixture of a C5-sugar and / or C6-sugar-containing liquid phase and a denatured legume proteins containing solid phase is formed. C5 sugars and C6 sugars accumulate in the liquid phase, while the protein content increases in the solid phase.
• d) separating the liquid phase and the solid phase. Here, the process is divided into a first process branch and a second process branch for separate further processing.
• e) concentrating or dewatering the solid phase into a legume protein concentrate in the first process branch.
• f) fermenting the C5 sugars and / or C6 sugars of the liquid phase to at least one fermentation product in the second process branch.

The Steps d) and e) can also be omitted.

It then a fermentation as in step f) is carried out in the mixture from the liquid phase containing C5 sugar and / or C6 sugar and denatured legume proteins containing solid phase.

Conveniently, following step f) is a step g) for separating the fermentation product and the cell wall-cleaving enzyme preparation. The latter is then available for further use.

advantageously, in step a) defatted legume raw material is used, or degreasing the legume raw material prior to processing.

Especially preferred is the use of defatted soybean meal, which is a Merchandise is produced in huge quantities and everywhere the world is available. But it contains about 1/3 unwanted carbohydrates responsible for monogastric Animals almost indigestible and therefore undesirable are. By enzymatic cleavage of indigestible carbohydrates these can be processed separately. By doing The first process branch will be for animal nutrition certain soy protein concentrate made from which the unwanted Carbohydrates were removed. In the second process branch the enzymatically split carbohydrates, d. H. the pentoses and Hexoses, fed to the fermentation process, as an energy supplier To obtain ethanol.

All in all thus becomes the legume raw material and preferably the soy raw material fractionated to fats, carbohydrates and proteins and then optimally further processed, z. As the fats in food processing, the carbohydrates as fuels for internal combustion engines and the proteins for animal nutrition. The protein concentrate is dried suitably and can then to a protein powder are ground. Ethanol and water conveniently by distillation and molecular sieves from each other separated.

Preferably, the extrusion in step a) takes place at temperatures in the range of 120 ° C to 160 ° C. This will be a virtually complete De so that they are insoluble in the aqueous, slightly acidic enzyme preparation (they form the solid phase), while the leguminous carbohydrates are degraded by the enzyme preparation to pentoses and hexoses and thereby "extracted" from the extrudates / textures become (they form the liquid phase).

At the Pelleting or texturing in step b) can also be an expansion the mass to expanded pellets or expanded textured performed become. This gives a water-insoluble, spongy texture, which then with the cell wall-cleaving enzyme preparation can be washed out particularly easily and quickly. Using of soybean meal can be characterized by the extruding / texturing in the mass protein content of about 45-48 wt.% increase to more than 70% by weight.

Preferably the contacting takes place in step c) by washing out the pellets Textures with a cellulase and / or hemicellulase-containing aqueous solution, preferably during a Contacting time in the range of 5 h to 10 h and in a buffer solution at a pH in the range of 4.0 to 6.0. For soy raw material a pH in the range of 4.0 to 5.0 is particularly advantageous, since this is the isoelectric point of the components of soy protein and thus ensures their lowest solubility is.

For contacting in step c) can be a cellulase and cellobiase containing enzyme preparation can be used, such. B. "Cellubrix".

Preferably contains the information for contacting in step c) used enzyme preparation at least one of the enzymes cellulase, Xylanase and pectinase.

For contacting in step c) can also be an enzyme preparation, the at least one of the enzymes cellulase, xylanase and pectinase, Arabanase, beta-glucanase, hemicellulase and cellulase and cellobiase contains used, such as. B. "Viscozyme L".

The Separation in step d) can be accomplished by filtration, centrifugation or Squeezing, especially in a filter press, or by combinations take such steps.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment is when concentrating in step e) and / or when separating in step g) cell wall cleavage Water containing enzymes to step c) recycled. It can then be used again to contact the pellets or texturates can be used, thereby saving expensive enzymes.

The Steps d) and e) can also be omitted. The Fermentation in step f) then takes place in the mixture of a liquid phase containing C5 sugar and / or C6 sugar, and a solid phase containing the denatured legume proteins as well contains not yet or partially enzymatically degraded carbohydrates. The saccharification and fermentation then run simultaneously in this mixture (SSF, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation).

In Step e) may be carried out in the concentrated legume protein concentrate existing enzymes are killed, this is preferably done by Heating the legume protein concentrate.

Further Advantages, features and applications of the invention arise from the following, not limiting to be understood description of an inventive embodiment of the method based on the drawing. Show it:

1 a schematic representation of a method according to the invention; and

2 an intermediate of the process according to the invention.

1 schematically shows an embodiment of the inventive method. The raw material used is defatted soybean meal with a protein content of about 45-48% by weight. The soybean meal is thermally treated by extrusion (step a) and pelleted or textured into a highly expanded pellet having a water-insoluble, sponge-like texture (step b). These particles, also called "extrudate", "Texturat" or "soy mince" (see 2 ) are washed with an enzyme preparation containing cell wall-cleaving enzymes (step c). The liquid phase and solid phase thus obtained are separated from each other (step d).

The predominantly from soy protein existing solid phase is by further Rinsing, squeezing, drying and grinding concentrated (Steps). The end product of this first branch of the process is a soy concentrate that is virtually free of monogastric indigestible Carbohydrates is.

The C5 sugars and C6 sugars derived from the enzymatic saccharification of monogastric indigestible carbohydrates are passed into a second branch of the process on separation of the phases and during further rinsing and fermented to ethanol (step f). The water in the ethanol process in this second branch is separated from the ethanol by distillation and / or molecular sieves (step g) and the enzyme hand lungsschritt (step c) fed again.

The inventive method requires no chemicals and does not produce unpleasant emissions. It only occurs moist exhaust air from the drying process.

2 is a photograph of an intermediate that occurs during the process of this invention. These are particles whose material was first thermally treated by extrusion (step a) and then extruded or textured into strongly expanded pellets with a water-insoluble, sponge-like texture (step b). These particles, also called "extrudate", "Texturat" or "soy mince" contain denatured, water-insoluble protein and monogastric indigestible carbohydrates.

These spongy particles may be associated with a cell wall, i. H. Cellulose and / or hemicellulose cleaving, aqueous Enzyme solution, the z. Cellulase, xylanase and pectinase contains, be contacted. In doing so, they become monogastric Indigestible carbohydrates "dissolved out" and washed out.

The Contact, dissolution and washing out can take place, by placing the particles together with the enzyme solution in gives a trough-like container and stir, or by placing the particles in a cage-like container There is a relative movement between the cage container to the enzyme solution.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - US 4212798 [0002]
• - US 5097017 [0002]
• US 6130076 [0003]

Claims (20)

Process for processing carbohydrate and proteinaceous leguminous raw material, in particular soybean meal or soy flakes, with the following steps: a) Extrude of the leguminous raw material into a mass, wherein at least one Part of the proteins of the mass are denatured; b) pelletizing or texturing the extruded mass into pellets or textures; c) Contacting the pellets or texturates with a cell wall cleavage Enzyme preparation such as cellulase and / or hemicellulase containing Water, creating a mixture of a C5 sugar and / or C6 sugar containing liquid phase and a denatured legume proteins formed solid phase is formed; d) separating the liquid Phase and the solid phase; e) concentrating the solid phase to a legume protein concentrate; and f) fermentation the C5 sugar and / or C6 sugar of the liquid phase too at least one fermentation product. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that in that step f) comprises a step g) for separating the fermentation product and the cell wall-cleaving enzyme preparation follows. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in step a) uses defatted legume raw material or degreasing the legume raw material prior to processing he follows. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the C5 sugars and / or C6 sugars of liquid phase to ethanol fermented. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the extrusion in step a) at temperatures in the range of 120 ° C to 160 ° C takes place. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when pelleting or texturing in Step b) also expanding the mass into expanded pellets or expanded textures. Method according to Claim 6, characterized that the mass to water-insoluble, sponge-like pellets or texturing is expanded. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the contacting in step c) by Washing out the pellets or texturates with the cellulase and / or Hemicellulase-containing water takes place. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the contacting in step c) during a contacting period in the range of 5 h to 10 h takes place. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the contacting in step c) in a Buffer solution at a pH in the range of 4.0 to 6.0 and preferably at the isoelectric point of the protein. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that that for contacting in step c) a cellulase and cellobiase-containing enzyme preparation is used (e.g. B. "Cellubrix"). Method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized that for contacting in step c) an enzyme preparation used is at least one of the enzymes cellulase, xylanase and pectinase. Method according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that for contacting in step c) an enzyme preparation containing at least one of the enzymes cellulase, Xylanase and pectinase, arabanase, beta-glucanase, hemicellulase as well Cellulase and cellobiase is used (eg. "Viscozyme L"). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the separation in step d) by filtration he follows. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the separation in step d) by centrifugation he follows. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the separation in step d) by pressing, especially in a filter press. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when concentrating in step e) and / or when separated in step g) cell wall-cleaving enzymes containing Water is returned to step c) again to Contacting the pellets or Texturate to be used. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the steps d) and e) are omitted and the fermentation in step f) in the mixture of a C5-sugar and / or C6-sugar-containing liquid phase and a denatured legume proteins containing solid phase takes place. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that concentrated in the step e) Leguminous protein concentrate killed existing enzymes become. Method according to claim 19, characterized that the killing by heating the legume protein concentrate he follows.