DE102007016734A1 - Self-lubricating sliding element, e.g. for slide bearing, contains supporting material, thermosetting polymers and lubricant and sliding laminate with at least one layer of epoxy resin containing polyester material and lubricant additive - Google Patents

Abstract

The sliding element contains a supporting material, thermosetting polymers and lubricant and a sliding laminate with at least one layer of epoxy resin containing polyester material and lubricant additive. The sliding laminate contains 2 to 20 gram equivalent weight-percentage. of polyterafluoroethylene and graphite. Independent claims are included for the following: (A) a sliding element composite (B) a self-lubricating tubular composite body (C) and a method of manufacturing a sliding element composite.

Description

The The invention relates to a self-lubricating sliding element and composite body for sliding applications, containing a lubricious laminate, wherein the slip laminate contains lubricant additives and method for the production.

Mostly Maintenance-free and self-lubricating high-performance sliding materials are realized in slide bearing concepts, which over longer periods safe to work. The self-lubricating composite materials when used with high, long lasting static and dynamic Load used. These are applications where relatively low Sliding speeds with rotating, angular, axial or linear motion. In addition, find they use when conventional lubrication is not possible or not allowed or other requirements with regard to on wear resistance, resistance are in demand against operational and environmental influences.

Self-lubricating sliding materials are known in principle. So will in the EP 95107801.3 discloses a sliding member made by impregnating the pores and coating the surface of a porous sintered metal layer formed on a steel substrate with a resin composition. The resin composition used to fill the pores contains, among others, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene). However, it has been found that the production of sliding elements made of metallic carriers and resin compositions make the technical production process of the composite complex. In addition, the production of certain overlay thicknesses is limited, since the support layer made of porous metal layers in conjunction with steel beams allows only a limited variation. Furthermore, the environmentally harmful substances or substance mixtures of lead and tin are used as solid lubricants.

Also in the DE 600 24 579 T2 discloses a resin composition for a sliding member containing barium sulfate, phosphates and polyimide resins, phenolic resins and polyphenylene sulfone resins. In addition, this composition also contains PTFE. This composition is also introduced into the pores or meshes of a metallic support layer having a stabilizing steel backplate. Again, the manufacturing process of the sliding element is very expensive. The possibilities of varying the sliding layer thickness are limited.

• – Die Dicke der Gleitschicht ist nur begrenzt bis auf einige wenige mm möglich;
• – Der Verschleiß ist gegenüber der hier dargelegten erfinderischen Lösung deutlich höher;
• – Die Lärmentstehung bei Einsatz ist deutlich größer.

Furthermore, it is known that applied to glass laminate substrates with lubricants added pastes and cured. Disadvantages of these materials are:

• - The thickness of the sliding layer is only limited to a few mm possible;
• - The wear is significantly higher than the inventive solution set forth here;
• - The generation of noise when used is significantly greater.

About that In addition, it is known that lubricants added plastics be used in circle segments as sliding elements. this happens in the way that the tailor-made sliding elements be present as a straight body and by means of ferrules and screws in the system to be installed in the appropriate circle segment shape need to be brought.

Of the Disadvantage of this method is that the material with high Force and time required to be installed in the appropriate equipment and thus constantly under tension.

Further Composite materials are known, but the sliding layer thickness is limited and characterized by high wear is.

task The invention is therefore self-lubricating sliding elements and To offer composite molded articles and methods of production, where greater wear layer thicknesses or any sliding layer thicknesses (Gleitlaminatdicken) are adjustable.

Also should the production of composite molding in different Dimensions and shapes in a simple way possible.

So The object of the invention with a self-lubricating sliding element containing supporting fabrics, duromers and lubricants, characterized in that the sliding element is a sliding laminate comprising at least one layer of polyester fabric and lubricant additives containing epoxy resin.

Farther the solution of the problem is done with a Gleitelement composite containing backing fabrics, duromers and lubricants, the characterized in that a sliding laminate containing at least a layer of polyester fabric and lubricant additives Epoxy resin, at least on one outside a special laminate having at least one layer of epoxy resin which has no Contains lubricant additives, impregnated glass fabric containing at least one special laminate by bevelled is roughened.

Furthermore, the solution of the problem with a self-lubricating composite body for sliding takes place applications comprising a Gleitelement composite and bonded thereto a support element, wherein the sliding element contains lubricant additives and is characterized in that between the sliding member and the support member is a special laminate is arranged, the at least one layer of impregnated with epoxy resin containing no lubricant additives, glass fabric having.

Farther the solution of the task is done with a self-lubricating tubular sliding element for sliding applications, comprising a lubricious laminate comprising at least one layer of polyester fabric and containing lubricant additives containing epoxy resin.

Moreover, the object is achieved with a method for producing a Gleitelement- composite, which is characterized in that a lubricant additives Gleitlaminatprepreg at least one outside is connected to a Speziallaminatprepreg and is then pressed under heat to a panel,
and a method for producing a self-lubricating composite body for sliding applications, characterized in that a sliding element is glued to a support element, wherein the bonding takes place on a special laminate of the sliding element.

advantageous Further developments are specified in the subclaims.

A advantageous embodiment of the sliding element is characterized in that that in Gleitlaminat 2 to 20 wt .-% polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and Graphite are included.

A Further development of the sliding element is characterized in that PTFE and graphite in a weight ratio of 20: 1 to 1: 1 included are.

A advantageous embodiment of the sliding element composite is characterized characterized in that in the lubricious laminate 2 to 20 wt .-% polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and graphite are included.

A Further development of the sliding element composite is characterized in that that PTFE and graphite in the weight ratio 20: 1 to 1: 1 are included.

A Further embodiment of the sliding element composite is characterized in that that the polyester fabric plain weave or rowing structure and the glass fabric also has plain weave or rowing structure.

In In another embodiment, the composite body as self-lubricating tubular composite body executed, which is characterized in that an inner surface or an outer surface of a tubular one Sliding element has a glass laminate, the at least one layer one with epoxy resin containing no lubricant additives, impregnated glass fabric.

A Further development of the method according to the invention for producing a sliding element composite is characterized in that that after pressing and hardening the outer surfaces, who had received a special laminate prepreg by grinding be roughened.

In In one embodiment of the method, the Gleitlaminatprepreg by impregnating at least one layer of polyester fabric produced with lubricant additives containing epoxy resin.

In In a further embodiment of the method, the special laminate is prepreg by impregnating at least one layer of glass fabric with Epoxy resin containing no lubricant additives produced.

A Inventive embodiment of the method is characterized in that the polyester fabric with 40 to 60 wt .-% epoxy resin at a flowability of the resin between 10 and 30 wt .-% is impregnated.

A development of the method is characterized in that a polyester fabric having a basis weight of 50 to 250 g / cm ² with plain weave and 15 to 35 threads / cm in the warp and 12 to 24 threads / cm in the weft is used.

An embodiment of the method is characterized in that for the production of a special laminate prepreg glass fabric is used, which is a roving fabric having a basis weight of 300 to 400 g / cm ² and 4 to 8 threads / cm 300tex in the warp and 3 to 7 in the weft Has threads / cm 320tex.

A Further development of the method according to the invention for producing a self-lubricating composite body for sliding applications is characterized in that the Bonding takes place on a sanded side of the special laminate.

A further embodiment of the method is characterized in that that for producing a bent composite in the adhesive side the glass laminate milled grooves transversely to the curvature become.

In an advantageous embodiment of Ver driving the grooves are filled with adhesive when applying the adhesive to the roughened side of the sliding laminate and the support layer and then inserted slip laminate and base layer in a mold with a defined radius and pressed under pressure and cured.

An embodiment of the method provides that the compression is carried out at a pressure of 20 to 100 N / mm ² .

A advantageous development of the method is characterized in that the composite molding after curing be edited to measure.

The innovative solution significantly facilitates the assembly, significantly reduces the number of fixation points required the sliding elements in the insert unit and increases the service life due to significantly lower wear.

The Use of a polyester fabric for a sliding element has the advantage that the sliding laminate can be prefabricated, by using webs of polyester fabric with epoxy resins provided with additives be soaked and up to a certain degree of crosslinking be dried. These web-shaped sliding laminates can according to the size of the plate to be produced be pressed. There is the possibility, a or to lay several layers of a sliding laminate on each other, so as to achieve the desired thickness. Gleitlaminatdicken of up to 100 mm are so easy to produce. polyester fabric also has the advantage that it is not abrasive.

Further Advantages of the composite material are especially in the geometric Variability of the composite shaped bodies. Possible Variants are therefore z. As sliding plates, bushes, flanged bushes or also solid parts, which through a subsequent processing to elaborate Share, such. As balls and conical parts are processed can.

in the Manufacturing process, there are no restrictions in terms economic manufacturability and geometric possibilities, produce various dimensions. The composite material is both screwable and stickable.

The Polyester fabric does not affect the properties of the slip laminate, but significantly prolongs the life of the sliding material.

at Connected is advantageously the epoxy resin of Gleitlaminates of the sliding element with the epoxy resin of the glass laminate of the support element identical. But there is also the possibility of different To use materials for this.

is the sliding laminate for use in a composite molding provided, so in the production of Gleitlaminates both Pages with a special laminate prepreg with no lubricants covered epoxy resin impregnated glass cloth, the prerequisite for a secure bond between sliding laminate and glass laminate of the support element is. This for the composite of both Materials responsible special laminate prepreg has a special glass and polyester fabric deviating construction.

The basis weight of the specific glass fabric construction used for the prepreg is 300 to 400 g / m ² , in particular 350 g / m ² .

The polyester fabric has a basis weight of 50 to 250 g / m ² , in particular 100 g / m ² and as weave plain weave construction 15 to 35 threads / cm in the warp direction, in particular 25 threads / cm and 12 to 24 threads / cm in the weft direction , in particular 14 threads / cm.

Preferably are the additives for the epoxy resin solid lubricants PTFE and / or graphite.

Of the Proportion of solid lubricants based on the sliding laminate is preferably 8 to 12% by weight.

Of the PTFE content based on the lubricious laminate is preferably included 7 to 11 wt .-%, in particular at 8 to 9 wt .-%.

The The ratio of PTFE to graphite is preferably 9: 1.

preferred Uses of the composite material are for passive brakes, Azimutlager in wind turbines, shipbuilding, in particular hatch cover, Ruderschaftslager, expansion camp for expansion pipes, Spherical plain bearings, construction machinery, water turbine nozzle, Kaplan hubs, control rings, thrust washers, iron and tram applications, z. B. bogies, roll supports and for intended the automotive industry.

• – Herstellung eines Gleitlaminatprepregs, wobei ein Polyestergewebe mit einem mit Festschmierstoff versehenen Epoxidharz imprägniert und bis zu festgelegten Netzwerten getrocknet wird. Für Flächenlaminate wird das Prepreg auf das gewünschte Format geschnitten, für Rohre zu Rollen aufgerollt. Bedingt durch die unterschiedlichen Fertigungsverfahren für Flächenlaminat und Rohrlaminate sind auch unterschiedliche Parameter für das Prepreg erforderlich.
• – Beidseitiges Abdecken des für die jeweilige Dicke des Gleitlaminates vorgelegten Prepregpaketes mit einem spe ziellen Verbundprepreg und Aushärtung mit Druck und Temperatur in einer Mehretagenpresse.

The process for producing this composite material for sliding applications is carried out in the following steps:

• - Preparation of Gleitlaminatprepregs, wherein a polyester fabric is impregnated with a solid lubricant provided with epoxy resin and dried to specified wetting values. For surface laminates, the prepreg is cut to the desired format, rolled up into tubes to form rolls. Due to the different manufacturing processes for surface laminate and pipe laminates, different parameters for the prepreg are required.
• - Covering both sides of the prepreg package presented for the respective thickness of the sliding laminate with a special composite prepreg and curing with pressure and temperature in a multi-daylight press.

The Thickness of the slide laminate prepreg is preferably 0.1 to 0.3 mm, so that the thickness of the sliding laminate in these gradations up to can be made to any Gleitlaminatdicke.

To produce a composite, a surface of the support element is ground and a roughness r _a of 6 to 8 μ is set.

The lubricating laminate provided on both sides with the special laminate is ground on both sides so that about 50% by weight of the special prepreg is removed and a roughness of r _a = 6 to 8 μ is also set on one side, so that a sliding element according to the invention Composite arises.

The provided with roughness 6 to 8 μ side of the sliding element composite according to the invention is provided with a two-component, cold-curing epoxy adhesive, wherein 250 to 330 g / m ² adhesive are applied, in particular 275 g / m ² .

supporting and sliding element are set with the roughness 6 to 8 μ Side glued under pressure.

When Supporting element can also be made of glass laminates and such Metal, other plastics or ceramics are used.

• – Gleitlaminat im Innendurchmesser, aufgewickelt mit Glaslaminat (Einsatz als Buchse)
• – Glaslaminat im Innendurchmesser, aufgewickelt auf Gleitlaminat (Führungselemente) möglich.

Pipes can also be made from the sliding laminate prepreg. This can be done both as a tube only consisting of Gleitlaminatprepreg, as well as in conjunction with Glaslaminatprepreg. Depending on the application, the variants

• - Sliding laminate inside diameter, wound with glass laminate (use as bushing)
• - Glass laminate in the inner diameter, wound on Gleitlaminat (guide elements) possible.

Also Composites of load-bearing elements made of glass laminate with sliding laminates with special shape can be produced.

Either Glass laminates as well as lubricious laminates are duroplastic materials and are no longer permanently deformable.

Yet Is it possible composites according to the invention to manufacture the molded parts such. B. represent circle segments.

The Invention will become apparent from exemplary embodiments explained.

example 1

Production of a dimensionally stable curved network

A polyester fabric, in the special case a fabric having a basis weight of 100 g / m ² with plain weave and 25 threads / cm in the warp and 14.3 threads / cm in the weft is on a impregnation with a commercial epoxy resin, in the specific case a FR 4-resin, impregnated to produce a Gleitprepregs. The epoxy resin is filled with lubricant additives. The additives consist of a mixture of PTFE and graphite. The amount of additives is chosen so that the sliding laminate 7 wt .-% PTFE and 2 wt .-% graphite are included.

Of the Resin content of the Gleitprepregs is 48 wt .-%.

A glass fabric, in particular a Rowinggewebe with a basis weight of 350 g / m ² and the construction chain 6.4 threads / cm 300tex and weft 4.8 threads / cm 320tex with the epoxy resin (FR-4 resin) on a Impregnating system impregnated (special laminate prepreg).

Of the Resin content of the special laminate prepreg is 37% by weight and the flowability of the resin (flow test) 17% by weight.

For a final thickness of the sliding laminate of 4 mm becomes 26 sliding prepregs and a glass prepreg for the outside compiled a press pack, with both Prepregarten before were cut to the desired format.

The press package is pressed in a multi-day press under a temperature of 160 ° C and a pressure of 80 N / mm ² in a time of 120 minutes to a blackboard.

to Production of a curved sliding strip with a final thickness of 10.0 +/- 0.1 mm, consisting of a sliding layer thickness of at least 4.0 mm, becomes a commercial EP GC 202 n. EN 60893 with a starting thickness of 7.0 mm to a thickness of 6.0 + 0 / -0.1 mm sanded and glued on one side with a surface roughness of Ra roughened 6-8 μ.

The Gleitlaminat-composite is ground with a starting thickness of 5.0 mm on one side over the entire surface roughness values between Ra 6-8 μ, whereby the thickness of the Rowingstruktur and the released glass fibers in the amount of 0.3 mm ensures that the glass fabric is not abraded but ensures a good connection to the adhesive guaranteed.

The The opposite side of the sliding laminate is ground to a final thickness of 4.0 + 0.1 / - 0 mm and machined to a roughness value of Ra ≤ 3.2 μ.

supporting and sliding layer are sawn in the same dimensions, to fit these into a shaping tool.

In the support layer, parallel to the short side, depending with the drilling pattern of the strip, grooves in depth 2/3 of the base layer thickness milled in to the restoring forces when Minimize sticking.

The roughened sides of the sliding laminate composite and the support element be with compressed air and solvents of dust particles freed. By means of pneumatic metering device is a preheated 2-component epoxy adhesive on one side of the roughened lubricious laminate composite applied and by means of dosing comb to an adhesive thickness of maximum 0.1 mm distributed over the entire surface. The grooves of the base course are filled with the glue.

The Adhesive sides of the supporting and sliding layer are connected and into one Inserted form, which has a defined radius. The tool is inserted in a screw press and with a pressure of 25 N pressed. The workpiece cures for 24 hours, After that, the adhesive, as well as the adhesive connection, has a high Strength.

Of the Composite of supporting and sliding layer is on a CNC machine on Milled drawing dimensions and the hole pattern is incorporated.

Example 2

Use of the sliding laminate in pipe systems

A polyester fabric, in particular a fabric with a basis weight of 100 g / m ² , plain weave, 25 threads / cm in the warp and 14.3 threads / cm in the weft, is coated with an FR-4 epoxy resin containing additives, a Mixture of PTFE and graphite, filled, impregnated.

Of the Resin content of this Gleitlaminatprepregs is 52 wt .-%.

The Amount of additives is chosen so that in Gleitlaminatprepreg 6 wt .-% PTFE and 3 wt .-% graphite are included. The sliding laminate prepreg is on a winding machine under pressure and temperature on one Mandrel of the internal diameter to be realized to a tube of different wall thickness wrapped, the parameters for temperature and pressure are to be chosen so that a melting of the resin of the Prepregs is guaranteed.

• – Rohr bestehend aus nur Gleitlaminatprepreg als Ausgangsmaterial für kugelförmige Körper z. B. in Gelenklagern,
• – Rohr bestehend aus Glasgewebe-Epoxidharzprepreg im Innendurchmesser und aufgewickelt mit Gleitlaminatprepreg im Außendurchmesser für Führungselemente,
• – Rohr bestehend aus Gleitlaminatprepreg im Innendurchmesser und aufgewickelt mit Glasgewebe-Epoxidharz-Prepreg im Außendurchmesser für Buchsen.

Depending on the application, 3 different structures are possible:

• - Tube consisting of only Gleitlaminatprepreg as a starting material for spherical body z. In articulated bearings,
• - Tube consisting of glass fabric-Epoxidharzprepreg in the inner diameter and wound with Gleitlaminatprepreg in the outer diameter for guide elements,
• - Tube consisting of Gleitlaminatprepreg in the inner diameter and wound with glass fabric-epoxy prepreg in the outer diameter for bushings.

At the Use of special laminate and Gleitlaminatprepreg in a tube is an overlap of both prepreg types depending on the wall thickness sure.

Of the resulting winding is left on the mandrel in a hardening oven depending on the wall thickness of the coil under temperature hardened.

Example 3

• • die ebenen Glas- und Gleitlaminate werden auf enge Toleranzen bezüglich der Enddicke geschliffen, so dass die zur Verklebung bestimmten Seiten eine Rauigkeit von 6 bis 8 μ aufweisen,
• • das Speziallaminatprepreg einer Seite des Gleitlaminat-Composits wird auf der zu verklebenden Seite nur zu 50 Gew.-% abgeschliffen,
• • das mit Klebstoff versehene Glas- und Gleitlaminat wird in einer Presse unter Druck ausgehärtet.

The production of a dimensionally stable laminar composite can be carried out as follows:

• The flat glass and sliding laminates are ground to tight tolerances with respect to the final thickness, so that the sides intended for the bonding have a roughness of 6 to 8 μ,
• The special laminate prepreg of one side of the sliding laminate composite is abraded on the side to be bonded by only 50% by weight,
• • the glazed glass and glaze laminate is cured under pressure in a press.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - EP 95107801 [0003]
• - DE 60024579 T2 [0004]

Claims (23)

Self-lubricating sliding element containing supporting fabric, duromers and lubricants, characterized in that the sliding element comprises a sliding laminate having at least one layer of polyester fabric and lubricant additives containing epoxy resin. Sliding element according to claim 1, characterized in that from 2 to 20% by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in the lubricating laminate and graphite are included. Sliding element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized that PTFE and graphite in the weight ratio 20: 1 to 1: 1 are included. Sliding element composite containing supporting tissue, Duromers and lubricants, characterized in that one Sliding laminate containing at least one layer of polyester fabric and Lubricant additives containing epoxy resin, at least an outer laminate has a special laminate that at least a layer of epoxy resin containing no lubricant additives, contains impregnated glass fabric, in which at least one special laminate is roughened by bevel. Gleitelement composite according to claim 4, characterized in that from 2 to 20% by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in the lubricating laminate and graphite are included. Gleitelement composite according to claim 4 or 5, characterized characterized in that PTFE and graphite in weight ratio 20: 1 to 1: 1 are included. Sliding element composite according to one of the claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the polyester fabric plain weave or Rowingstruktur and the glass fabric also plain weave or rowing structure. Self-lubricating composite body for Sliding applications comprising a Gleitelement composite according to claim 4 and a bonded thereto with this support element, wherein the sliding element Contains lubricant additives, characterized in that between the slider and the support member a special laminate is arranged, the at least one layer of epoxy resin, the contains no lubricant additives, impregnated Having glass fabric. Self-lubricating tubular sliding element for sliding applications, comprising a sliding laminate, the at least one layer of polyester fabric and lubricant additives containing epoxy resin. Self-lubricating tubular composite body according to claim 9, characterized in that an inner surface or an outer surface of a tubular one Sliding element has a glass laminate, the at least one layer one with epoxy resin containing no lubricant additives, impregnated glass fabric. Method for producing a sliding element composite according to claim 4, characterized in that lubricating laminate prepreg containing lubricant additives at least an outside connected to a special laminate prepreg becomes and then under heat to a blackboard is pressed. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that that after pressing and hardening the outer surfaces, who had received a special laminate prepreg by grinding be roughened. Method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized that the Gleitlaminatprepreg by impregnating at least a layer of polyester fabric containing epoxy resin-containing epoxy resin will be produced. Method according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the special laminate prepreg is impregnated at least one layer of glass fabric with epoxy resin that does not contain lubricant additives contains, is produced. Method according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the polyester fabric in Gleitlaminatprepreg with 40 to 60 wt .-% epoxy resin at a flowability of the resin between 10 and 30 wt .-% is impregnated. Method according to one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that a polyester fabric having a basis weight of 50 to 250 g / cm ^{2 is used} with plain weave and 15 to 35 threads / cm in the warp and 12 to 24 threads / cm in the weft. Method according to one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that glass fabric is used to produce a special laminate prepreg comprising a roving fabric having a basis weight of 300 to 400 g / cm ² and 4 to 8 threads / cm 300tex in the warp Shot 3 to 7 threads / cm 320tex has. Process for the preparation of a self-lubricating composite body for Gleitanwendun gene, characterized in that a sliding element according to claim 1 is glued to a support member, wherein the bonding takes place on a special laminate of the sliding element. Method according to claim 18, characterized that the gluing on a sanded side of the special laminate he follows. Method according to claim 18 or 19, characterized that for producing a bent composite in the adhesive side milled grooves of the support element transversely to the curvature become. Method according to one of claims 18 or 20, characterized in that when applying the adhesive to the roughened side of the sliding laminate and the support element and the Grooves are filled with glue and then slip laminate and Carrying element inserted into a mold with a defined radius and under Pressed and cured pressure. Method according to one of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that the pressing is carried out at a pressure of 20 to 100 N / mm ² . Method according to one of claims 18 to 22, characterized in that the composite molding after the curing to be customized.