DE202007005163U1 - Self-lubricating sliding element for sliding applications, contains supporting fabrics such as duromers and lubricants, sliding element covers sliding laminate, has one layer of polyester tissues and lubricant additives - Google Patents

Abstract

The sliding element contains supporting fabrics such as duromers and lubricants. The sliding element covers a sliding laminate, which has one layer of polyester tissues and lubricant additives containing epoxy resin. The sliding laminate contains two to twenty percentage of weight of polytetrafluorethylene and graphite. The sliding laminate has a special laminate at an exterior side, which does not contain epoxy resin and any lubricant. The special laminate has impregnated glass fabric and is roughed up by ground section.

Description

The The invention relates to a self-lubricating sliding element and composite body for sliding applications, containing a lubricious laminate, wherein the lubricious laminate lubricant additives.

Mostly Maintenance-free and self-lubricating high-performance sliding materials are realized in slide bearing concepts that work reliably for longer periods of time. The self-lubricating composite materials are used with high, long-lasting static and dynamic load used. These are applications where relatively low sliding speeds with rotating, angular, axial or linear motion. In addition, they find use, if conventional lubrication is not possible or not permitted or other requirements with regard to wear resistance, resistance against operational and environmental influences are in demand.

Self-lubricating sliding materials are known in principle. So will in the EP 95107801.3 discloses a sliding member made by impregnating the pores and coating the surface of a porous sintered metal layer formed on a steel substrate with a resin composition. The resin composition used to fill the pores contains, among others, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene). However, it has been found that the production of sliding elements made of metallic carriers and resin compositions make the technical production process of the composite complex. In addition, the production of certain overlay thicknesses is limited, since the support layer made of porous metal layers in conjunction with steel beams allows only a limited Vary variation. Furthermore, the environmentally harmful substances or substance mixtures of lead and tin are used as solid lubricants.

Also in the DE 600 24 579 T2 discloses a resin composition for a sliding member containing barium sulfate, phosphates and polyimide resins, phenolic resins and polyphenylene sulfone resins. In addition, this composition also contains PTFE. This composition is also introduced into the pores or meshes of a metallic support layer having a stabilizing steel backplate. Again, the manufacturing process of the sliding element is very expensive. The possibilities of varying the sliding layer thickness are limited.

• – Die Dicke der Gleitschicht ist nur begrenzt bis auf einige wenige mm möglich;
• – Der Verschleiß ist gegenüber der hier dargelegten erfinderischen Lösung deutlich höher;
• – Die Lärmentstehung bei Einsatz ist deutlich größer.

Furthermore, it is known that applied to glass laminate substrates with lubricants added pastes and cured. Disadvantages of these materials are:

• - The thickness of the sliding layer is only limited to a few mm possible;
• - The wear is significantly higher than the inventive solution set forth here;
• - The generation of noise when used is significantly greater.

Furthermore It is known that lubricated plastics in circular segments as Sliding elements are used. This is done in such a way that the tailor-made Sliding elements as a straight body present and by means of ferrules and screws in the to be mounted Plant must be brought into the appropriate circular segment shape.

Of the Disadvantage of this method is that the material with high Force and time required to be installed in the appropriate equipment and constantly is under tension.

Further Composite materials are known, but the sliding layer thickness is limited and characterized by high wear.

task The invention is therefore self-lubricating sliding elements and Composite molding and To offer methods of production in which greater wear layer thicknesses or any sliding layer thicknesses (Gleitlaminatdicken) are adjustable. Also, the production of the composite molded body in different dimensions and shapes in a simple way possible be.

So The object of the invention with a self-lubricating sliding element containing supporting tissue, Duromers and lubricants solved, characterized in that the sliding element is a sliding laminate comprising at least one layer of polyester fabric and lubricant additives containing epoxy resin.

Farther the solution is done the object with a Gleitelement-composite containing supporting tissue, Duromers and lubricants, characterized in that a slip laminate containing at least one layer of polyester fabric and lubricant additives containing epoxy resin, at least an outside a special laminate having at least one layer of a Epoxy resin containing no lubricant additives, impregnated glass fabric contains, wherein at least one special laminate is roughened by bevel.

Furthermore, the object is achieved with a self-lubricating composite body for sliding applications comprising a Gleitelement composite and bonded thereto with this support element, wherein the sliding element contains lubricant additives and characterized in that between the sliding member and the support member, a special laminate is arranged, which has at least one layer of impregnated with epoxy resin, which contains no lubricant additives, glass fabric.

Farther the solution is done the object with a self-lubricating tubular sliding element for sliding applications, comprising a lubricious laminate comprising at least one layer of polyester fabric and containing lubricant additives containing epoxy resin.

Furthermore is a method of making a sliding element composite in which a lubricating laminate containing a lubricant additive prepreg on at least one outside is connected with a special laminate prepreg and then under Heat too a blackboard is pressed.

at Another method for producing a self-lubricating composite body for sliding applications a sliding element is glued to a support element, wherein the Bonding takes place on a special laminate of the sliding element.

advantageous Further developments are specified in the subclaims.

A advantageous embodiment of the sliding element is characterized in that that in Gleitlaminat 2 to 20 wt .-% polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and Graphite are included.

A Further development of the sliding element is characterized in that PTFE and graphite in weight ratio 20: 1 to 1: 1 are included.

A advantageous embodiment of the sliding element composite is characterized characterized in that in the lubricious laminate 2 to 20 wt .-% polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and graphite are included.

A Further development of the sliding element composite is characterized in that that PTFE and graphite in a weight ratio of 20 1 to 1: 1 are included.

A Further embodiment of the sliding element composite is characterized in that that the polyester fabric plain weave or rowing structure and the glass fabric also has plain weave or rowing structure.

In In another embodiment, the composite body is self-lubricating tubular composite body executed characterized in that an inner surface or an outer surface of a tubular Sliding element has a glass laminate, the at least one layer one impregnated with epoxy resin containing no lubricant additives Having glass fabric.

To the pressing and curing be the outer surfaces, the had received a special laminate prepreg roughened by sanding.

The Slip laminate prepreg is made by impregnating at least one layer Polyester fabric with lubricant additives containing epoxy resin produced.

The Special laminate prepreg is made by impregnating at least one layer Glass fabric made with epoxy resin containing no lubricant additives.

According to the method, the polyester fabric is impregnated with 40 to 60 wt .-% epoxy resin at a flowability of the resin between 10 and 30 wt .-%, wherein a polyester fabric having a basis weight of 50 to 250 g / cm ² with plain weave and 15 to 35 threads / cm in the warp and 12 to 24 threads / cm in the weft.

To produce a special laminate prepreg, glass fabric is used which has a roving fabric with a basis weight of 300 to 400 g / cm ² and in the warp 4 to 8 threads / cm 300 tex and in the weft 3 to 7 threads / cm 320 tex.

The Bonding takes place on a sanded side of the special laminate.

to Production of a bent composite are in the adhesive side of the Glass laminates across the bend Milled grooves, wherein when applying the adhesive on the roughened side of the sliding laminate and the base course also filled the grooves with glue and then slip laminate and base course into a mold of defined radius be inserted and pressed under pressure and cured.

The method provides that the compression is carried out at a pressure of 20 to 100 N / mm ² .

The Composite molding be after curing to scale processed.

The inventive solution significantly facilitates assembly, significantly reduces the number the necessary fixing points of the sliding elements in the insert unit and increased the service life due to significantly lower wear.

The use of a polyester fabric for a sliding element has the advantage that the sliding laminate can be prefabricated by forming sheets of Po lyestergewebe be soaked with additives provided epoxy resins and dried to a certain degree of crosslinking. These sheet-shaped lubricating laminates can be pressed according to the size of the plate to be produced. There is thus the possibility of laying one or more of the layers of a sliding laminate on each other, so as to achieve the desired thickness. Sliding laminate thicknesses of up to 100 mm can be produced without any problems. Polyester fabric also has the advantage that it is not abrasive.

Further Advantages of the composite material are especially in the geometric variability the composite molding. Possible Variants are therefore z. As sliding plates, bushes, flanged bushes or also solid parts, which through a subsequent processing to elaborate Share, such. As balls and conical parts are processed can.

in the Manufacturing process, there are no restrictions in terms of economic Manufacturability and geometric possibilities, various To produce dimensions. The composite material is both screwable as well as stickable.

The Polyester fabric does not affect the properties of the slip laminate, extended but clearly the life of the sliding material.

at Connected is advantageously the epoxy resin of Gleitlaminates of the sliding element with the epoxy resin of the glass laminate of the support element identical. But there is also the possibility of different Materials for this to use.

is the sliding laminate for intended to be used in a composite molding, so be in the production of the sliding laminate both sides with a special laminate prepreg impregnated with no lubricants containing epoxy resin Covered glass fabric, the prerequisite for a secure bond between Sliding laminate and glass laminate of the support element is. This for the composite of both Materials responsible special laminate prepreg has a special glass and polyester fabric deviating construction.

The basis weight of the specific glass fabric construction used for the prepreg is 300 to 400 g / m ² , in particular 350 g / m ² .

The polyester fabric has a basis weight of 50 to 250 g / m ² , in particular 100 g / m ² and as weave plain weave construction 15 to 35 threads / cm in the warp direction, in particular 25 threads / cm and 12 to 24 threads / cm in the weft direction , in particular 14 threads / cm.

Preferably are the additives for the epoxy resin solid lubricants PTFE and / or graphite.

Of the Proportion of solid lubricants based on the sliding laminate is preferably 8 to 12 wt .-%.

Of the PTFE content based on the lubricious laminate is preferably included 7 to 11 wt .-%, in particular 8 to 9 wt .-%.

The relationship from PTFE to graphite is preferably 9: 1.

preferred Uses of the composite material are for passive brakes, azimuth bearings in wind turbines, shipbuilding, in particular hatch covers, rudder stockyards, Expansion bearing for expansion tubes, Spherical plain bearings, construction machinery, water turbine nozzles, Kaplan hubs, Control rings, thrust washers, iron and tram applications, eg. Bogies, Rolling supports as well for the Automobile construction provided.

• – Herstellung eines Gleitlaminatprepregs, wobei ein Polyestergewebe mit einem mit Festschmierstoff versehenen Epoxidharz imprägniert und bis zu festgelegten Netzwerten getrocknet wird. Für Flächenlaminate wird das Prepreg auf das gewünschte Format geschnitten, für Rohre zu Rollen aufgerollt. Bedingt durch die unterschiedlichen Fertigungsverfahren für Flächenlaminat und Rohrlaminate sind auch unterschiedliche Parameter für das Prepreg erforderlich.
• – Beidseitiges Abdecken des für die jeweilige Dicke des Gleitlaminates vorgelegten Prepregpaketes mit einem speziellen Verbundprepreg und Aushärtung mit Druck und Temperatur in einer Mehretagenpresse.

The process for producing this composite material for sliding applications is carried out in the following steps:

• - Preparation of Gleitlaminatprepregs, wherein a polyester fabric is impregnated with a solid lubricant provided with epoxy resin and dried to specified wetting values. For surface laminates, the prepreg is cut to the desired format, rolled up into tubes to form rolls. Due to the different manufacturing processes for surface laminate and pipe laminates, different parameters for the prepreg are required.
• - Covering on both sides of the presented for the respective thickness of Gleitlaminates prepreg package with a special composite prepreg and curing with pressure and temperature in a multi-daylight press.

The Thickness of the slide laminate prepreg is preferably 0.1 to 0.3 mm, so that the thickness of the sliding laminate in these gradations up to can be made to any Gleitlaminatdicke.

To produce a composite, a surface of the support element is ground and a roughness r _a of 6 to 8 μ is set.

The lubricating laminate provided on both sides with the special laminate is ground on both sides so that about 50% by weight of the special prepreg is removed and a roughness of r _a = 6 to 8 μ is set on one side e, so that an inventive Gleitelement composite arises.

The side provided with roughness 6 to 8 μ of the sliding element composite according to the invention is provided with a two-component, cold-curing epoxy adhesive, wherein 250 to 330 g / m ² adhesive are applied, in particular 275 g / m ² .

supporting and sliding element are set with the roughness 6 to 8 μ Side glued under pressure.

When Support element can in addition to glass laminates, also those made of metal, other plastics or ceramics be used.

• – Gleitlaminat im Innendurchmesser, aufgewickelt mit Glaslaminat (Einsatz als Buchse)
• – Glaslaminat im Innendurchmesser, aufgewickelt auf Gleitlaminat (Führungselemente)

möglich.Pipes can also be made from the sliding laminate prepreg. This can be done both as a tube only consisting of Gleitlaminatprepreg, as well as in conjunction with Glaslaminatprepreg. Depending on the application, the variants

• - Sliding laminate inside diameter, wound with glass laminate (use as bushing)
• - Glass laminate in the inner diameter, wound on sliding laminate (guide elements)

possible.

Also Composites of load-bearing elements made of glass laminate with sliding laminates with special shape can be produced.

Either Glass laminates as well as lubricious laminates are duroplastic materials and are no longer permanently deformable.

Yet Is it possible composites according to the invention to manufacture molded parts such as e.g. Represent circle segments.

The Invention is based on embodiments explained in more detail.

example 1

manufacturing a dimensionally stable bent composite

A polyester fabric, in the special case a fabric having a basis weight of 100 g / m ² with plain weave and 25 threads / cm in the warp and 14.3 threads / cm in the weft is on a impregnation with a commercial epoxy resin, in the specific case a FR 4-resin, impregnated to produce a Gleitprepregs. The epoxy resin is filled with lubricant additives. The additives consist of a mixture of PTFE and graphite. The amount of additives is chosen so that the sliding laminate 7 wt .-% PTFE and 2 wt .-% graphite are included.

Of the Resin content of the Gleitprepregs is 48 wt .-%.

A glass fabric, in particular a Rowinggewebe with a basis weight of 350 g / m ² and the construction chain 6.4 threads / cm 300tex and weft 4.8 threads / cm 320tex with the epoxy resin (FR-4 resin) on a Impregnating system impregnated (special laminate prepreg).

Of the Resin content of the special laminate prepreg is 37% by weight and the flowability of the resin (flow test) 17% by weight.

For a final thickness of the sliding laminate of 4 mm become 26 sliding prepregs and for the outside one glass prepreg each assembled into a press package, both of them Prepregarten before on the desired Format were cut.

The press package is pressed in a multi-day press under a temperature of 160 ° C and a pressure of 80 N / mm ² in a time of 120 minutes to a blackboard.

to Production of a curved sliding strip with a final thickness of 10.0 +/- 0.1 mm, consisting of a sliding layer thickness of at least 4.0 mm a commercial one EP GC 202 n. EN 60893 with a starting thickness of 7.0 mm to one Thickness of 6.0 + 0 / - 0.1 mm sanded and glued on one side with a surface roughness of Ra roughened 6-8 μ.

The Slip laminate composite becomes one-sided with a starting thickness of 5.0 mm the whole area ground to roughness values between Ra 6-8 μ, where by the Thickness of the rowing structure and the released glass fibers in the amount of 0.3 mm is ensured that the glass fabric is not abraded but ensures a good connection to the adhesive.

The The opposite side of the sliding laminate is ground to a final thickness from 4.0 + 0.1 / - 0 mm and machined to a roughness value of Ra ≤ 3.2 μ.

supporting and sliding layer are sawn in equal dimensions to these to fit into a shaping tool.

In the support layer, parallel to the short side, depending with the hole pattern of the strip, grooves milled in depth 2/3 of the base layer thickness to the Restoring forces during Minimize sticking.

The roughened sides of the glide laminate composite and the support element are freed of dust particles with compressed air and solvents. By means of a pneumatic dosing device, a preheated 2-component epoxy adhesive is applied to one side of the roughened sliding laminate compound is applied and spread over the entire surface by means of dosing comb to an adhesive thickness of not more than 0.1 mm. The grooves of the base layer are filled with the adhesive.

The Adhesive sides of the supporting and sliding layer are connected and into one Inserted form, which has a defined radius. The tool is inserted in a screw press and with a pressure of 25 N pressed. The workpiece cures 24 hours, after which the glue, as well as the adhesive bond, a high strength.

Of the Composite of support and sliding layer is milled on a CNC machine on drawing dimensions and the Hole pattern is incorporated.

Example 2

Use of the Sliding laminate in pipe systems

A polyester fabric, in particular a fabric with a basis weight of 100 g / m ² , plain weave, 25 threads / cm in the warp and 14.3 threads / cm in the weft, is coated with an FR-4 epoxy resin containing additives, a Mixture of PTFE and graphite, filled, impregnated.

Of the Resin content of this Gleitlaminatprepregs is 52 wt .-%.

The Amount of additives is chosen that in Gleitlaminatprepreg 6 wt .-% PTFE and 3 wt .-% graphite are. The Gleitlaminatprepreg is on a winding machine under Pressure and temperature on a mandrel of the internal diameter to be realized wound to a tube of different wall thickness, the parameters for temperature and to choose pressure like that are that a melting of the resin of the prepreg is ensured.

• – Rohr bestehend aus nur Gleitlaminatprepreg als Ausgangsmaterial für kugelförmige Körper z.B. in Gelenklagern,
• – Rohr bestehend aus Glasgewebe-Epoxidharzprepreg im Innendurchmesser und aufgewickelt mit Gleitlaminatprepreg im Außendurchmesser für Führungselemente,
• – Rohr bestehend aus Gleitlaminatprepreg im Innendurchmesser und aufgewickelt mit Glasgewebe-Epoxidharz-Prepreg im Außendurchmesser für Buchsen.

Depending on the application, 3 different structures are possible:

• - tube consisting of only Gleitlaminatprepreg as starting material for spherical bodies, for example in spherical bearings,
• - Tube consisting of glass fabric-Epoxidharzprepreg in the inner diameter and wound with Gleitlaminatprepreg in the outer diameter for guide elements,
• - Tube consisting of Gleitlaminatprepreg in the inner diameter and wound with glass fabric-epoxy prepreg in the outer diameter for bushings.

At the Use of special laminate and Gleitlaminatprepreg in a tube is an overlap of both Ensure prepreg types depending on the wall thickness.

Of the resulting winding is left on the mandrel in a hardening oven dependent on the wall thickness of the coil cured under temperature.

Example 3

• • die ebenen Glas- und Gleitlaminate werden auf enge Toleranzen bezüglich der Enddicke geschliffen, so dass die zur Verklebung bestimmten Seiten eine Rauigkeit von 6 bis 8 μ aufweisen,
• • das Speziallaminatprepreg einer Seite des Gleitlaminat-Composits wird auf der zu verklebenden Seite nur zu 50 Gew.-% abgeschliffen,
• • das mit Klebstoff versehene Glas- und Gleitlaminat wird in einer Presse unter Druck ausgehärtet.

The production of a dimensionally stable laminar composite can be carried out as follows:

• The flat glass and sliding laminates are ground to tight tolerances with respect to the final thickness, so that the sides intended for the bonding have a roughness of 6 to 8 μ,
• The special laminate prepreg of one side of the sliding laminate composite is abraded on the side to be bonded by only 50% by weight,
• • the glazed glass and glaze laminate is cured under pressure in a press.

Claims (10)

Self-lubricating sliding element containing supporting fabric, duromers and lubricants, characterized in that the sliding element comprises a sliding laminate having at least one layer of polyester fabric and lubricant additives containing epoxy resin. Sliding element according to claim 1, characterized in that from 2 to 20% by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in the lubricating laminate and graphite are included. Sliding element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized that PTFE and graphite in a weight ratio of 20: 1 to 1: 1 are. Sliding element composite containing supporting tissue, Duromers and lubricants, characterized in that one Sliding laminate containing at least one layer of polyester fabric and Lubricant additives containing epoxy resin, at least an outside a special laminate having at least one layer of a Epoxy resin containing no lubricant additives contains impregnated glass fabric, in which at least one special laminate is roughened by bevel. Gleitelement composite according to claim 4, characterized in that from 2 to 20% by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in the lubricating laminate and graphite are included. Gleitelement composite according to claim 4 or 5, characterized characterized in that PTFE and graphite in the weight ratio 20: 1 to 1: 1 are included. Sliding element composite according to one of the An Claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the polyester fabric plain weave or Rowingstruktur and the glass fabric also has plain weave or Rowingstruktur. Self-lubricating composite body for sliding applications comprising a Gleitelement composite according to claim 4 and a bonded thereto with this support element, wherein the sliding element Contains lubricant additives, characterized in that between the sliding element and the support element a special laminate is arranged, the at least one layer of a with epoxy resin containing no lubricant additives, impregnated Having glass fabric. Self-lubricating tubular sliding element for sliding applications, comprising a lubricious laminate comprising at least one layer of polyester fabric and containing lubricant additives containing epoxy resin. Self-lubricating tubular composite according to Claim 9, characterized in that an inner surface or an outer surface of a tubular sliding element a glass laminate having at least one layer of epoxy resin, having no lubricant additives, impregnated glass cloth.