DE102007006469A1 - Internal-combustion engine, has exhaust gas heat exchanger is exhaust gas or lubricant heat exchanger heating lubricant of internal-combustion engine - Google Patents
Internal-combustion engine, has exhaust gas heat exchanger is exhaust gas or lubricant heat exchanger heating lubricant of internal-combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102007006469A1 DE102007006469A1 DE102007006469A DE102007006469A DE102007006469A1 DE 102007006469 A1 DE102007006469 A1 DE 102007006469A1 DE 102007006469 A DE102007006469 A DE 102007006469A DE 102007006469 A DE102007006469 A DE 102007006469A DE 102007006469 A1 DE102007006469 A1 DE 102007006469A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- combustion engine
- heat exchanger
- internal combustion
- lubricant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 69
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
- F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
- F02M26/23—Layout, e.g. schematics
- F02M26/28—Layout, e.g. schematics with liquid-cooled heat exchangers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
- F02M26/23—Layout, e.g. schematics
- F02M26/25—Layout, e.g. schematics with coolers having bypasses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Brennkraftmaschine mit einer Abgasrückführung, die zur Kühlung des rückgeführten Abgases einen Abgaswärmetauscher aufweist.The The invention relates to an internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas recirculation, the for cooling the recirculated exhaust gas having an exhaust gas heat exchanger.
Brennkraftmaschinen mit einer Abgasrückführung sind bekannt. Diese dient der Verbesserung der Emissionswerte der Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere zur Verminderung von Stickoxyden (NOX) bei der Verbrennung von Kraftstoff. Die Wirkung solcher Abgasrückführungen wird verbessert, wenn das Abgas vor der Rückführung in den Brennraum gekühlt wird. Aus diesem Grund sind moderne Brennkraftmaschinen, die eine Abgasrückführung aufweisen, mit einem Abgaswärmetauscher ausgerüstet. Bislang ist der Abgaswärmetauscher Bestandteil eines konventionellen Kühlkreislaufes des Fahrzeugs, in dem die Brennkraftmaschine verwendet wird. Folglich kommen Wasser/Luft-Wärmetauscher zum Einsatz, die das Kühlmittel erwärmen. Insbesondere in der Warmlaufphase von Brennkraftmaschinen ist eine erhöhte Reibleistung der beweglichen Teile festzustellen, womit ein erhöhter Verbrauch und damit wieder eine Verschlechterung des Emissionsverhaltens der Brennkraftmaschine einhergeht. Überdies wird in der Kaltlaufphase die Brennkraftmaschine überproportional mechanisch beansprucht.Internal combustion engines with exhaust gas recirculation are known. This serves to improve the emission values of the internal combustion engine, in particular for the reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) in the combustion of fuel. The effect of such exhaust gas recirculations is improved when the exhaust gas is cooled before being returned to the combustion chamber. For this reason, modern internal combustion engines, which have an exhaust gas recirculation, equipped with an exhaust gas heat exchanger. So far, the exhaust gas heat exchanger is part of a conventional cooling circuit of the vehicle in which the internal combustion engine is used. Consequently, water / air heat exchangers are used, which heat the coolant. In particular, in the warm-up phase of internal combustion engines, an increased friction of the moving parts is observed, which is accompanied by increased consumption and thus again a deterioration of the emission behavior of the internal combustion engine. Moreover, the internal combustion engine is claimed disproportionately mechanically in the cold running phase.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Brennkraftmaschine mit einer Abgasrückführung bereitzustellen, die die genannten Nachteile vermeidet.task the invention is to provide an internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas recirculation, which avoids the disadvantages mentioned.
Hierzu wird eine Brennkraftmaschine mit einer Abgasrückführung, die zur Kühlung des rückgeführten Abgases einen Abgaswärmtauscher aufweist, vorgeschlagen, bei der der Abgaswärmetauscher ein ein Schmiermittel der Brennkraftmaschine erwärmender Abgas/Schmiermittel-Wärmetauscher ist. Der Abgaswärmetauscher verwendet demzufolge kein konventionelles Kühlmittel, wie dies beispielsweise für den Hauptkühlkreislauf der Brennkraftmaschine eingesetzt wird, sondern ein Schmiermittel der Brennkraftmaschine. Hierdurch wird eine schnelle Erwärmung des Schmiermittels erreicht, wobei ein schneller Wärmeaustrag aus dem rückgeführten Abgas aufgrund der hohen Wärmetragfähigkeit von Schmiermittel erfolgt.For this is an internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas recirculation, which is used to cool the recirculated exhaust gas an exhaust gas heat exchanger has suggested, in which the exhaust gas heat exchanger a a lubricant the engine warming Exhaust / lubricant heat exchanger is. The exhaust gas heat exchanger therefore, does not use conventional coolant, as for example for the Main cooling circuit the internal combustion engine is used, but a lubricant of the Internal combustion engine. This will cause rapid heating of the Lubricant achieved, with a rapid heat removal from the recirculated exhaust gas due to the high heat transfer capacity carried out by lubricant.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das Schmiermittel Motoröl. Als Kühlmittel wird demzufolge das Motoröl der Brennkraftmaschine verwendet, so dass sich im Ölkreislauf der Brennkraftmaschine sehr zügig eine Motoröltemperatur einstellt, die die Reibleistung erheblich vermindert und bereits in der Startphase der Brennkraftmaschine die zur vorteilhaften Schmierung der Brennkraftmaschine notwendige Viskosität des Motoröls sicherstellt.In a preferred embodiment is the lubricant engine oil. As a coolant is therefore the engine oil the internal combustion engine is used, so that in the oil circuit the engine very quickly an engine oil temperature which significantly reduces the frictional loss and is already the starting phase of the internal combustion engine for the advantageous lubrication the engine ensures necessary viscosity of the engine oil.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass der Abgas/Schmiermittel-Wärmetauscher einen im Querschnitt steuerbaren Bypass aufweist. Durch einen solchen Bypass kann sichergestellt werden, dass der Wärmeeintrag in das Schmiermittel auf das gewünschte Maß beschränkt werden kann. Die Abgasrückführung arbeitet hierbei regulär, lediglich der Grad des Wärmeaustausches zwischen dem rückgeführten Abgas und dem Schmiermittel wird über den Bypass geregelt, indem mehr oder weniger Anteile des Volumenstroms an rückgeführtem Abgas durch den Abgas/Schmiermittel-Wärmetauscher oder durch den Bypass geleitet werden.In a further embodiment is provided that the exhaust / lubricant heat exchanger has a cross-section controllable bypass. By such Bypass can be ensured that the heat input into the lubricant to the desired Be limited measure can. The exhaust gas recirculation works regular, only the degree of heat exchange between the recirculated exhaust gas and the lubricant is over the bypass is regulated by adding more or less shares of the volumetric flow on recirculated exhaust gas through the exhaust gas / lubricant heat exchanger or be routed through the bypass.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass in Reihe mit dem Abgas/Schmiermittelwärmetauscher ein Abgasrückführ-Ventil liegt. Das Abgasrückführ-Ventil dient hierbei, wie im Stand der Technik üblich, der Steuerung und/oder Regelung des Abgas-Volumenstroms, der insgesamt wieder in den Ansaugtrakt geleitet wird.In a further embodiment It is envisaged that in series with the exhaust gas / lubricant heat exchanger an exhaust gas recirculation valve lies. The exhaust gas recirculation valve is used here, as usual in the art, the control and / or regulation of the exhaust gas flow rate, the total is directed back to the intake system.
Weiter wird ein Verfahren zur Abgasrückführung einer Brennkraftmaschine vorgeschlagen, bei dem zur Kühlung des rückgeführten Abgases eine Wärmetauschung durchgeführt wird. Durch die Wärmetauschung des rückgeführten Abgases, insbesondere die Kühlung des rückgeführten Abgases, wird eine nochmals verbesserte Reduktion von Stickoxyden (NOX) erreicht.Furthermore, a method for exhaust gas recirculation of an internal combustion engine is proposed, in which a heat exchange is carried out for cooling the recirculated exhaust gas. By the heat exchange of the recirculated exhaust gas, in particular the cooling of the recirculated exhaust gas, a further improved reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO X ) is achieved.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführung des Verfahrens wird die Wärmetauschung mit dem Motoröl der Brennkraftmaschine durchgeführt. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine sehr zügige Erwärmung des Motoröls der Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere in der Kaltstartphase, so dass die Reibleistung verringert und damit die Emissionswerte der Brennkraftmaschine verbessert werden können. Darüber hinaus ergibt sich vorteilhaft sehr zügig ein Temperaturbereich des Motoröls, in dem dieses die gewünschte Viskosität zur Schmierung der bewegten Teile der Brennkraftmaschine aufweist, so dass der mechanische Verschleiß der Brennkraftmaschine vorteilhaft verringert werden kann.In a preferred embodiment the process is the heat exchange with the engine oil the internal combustion engine performed. This results in a very rapid heating of the engine oil of the internal combustion engine, especially in the cold start phase, so that the friction loss is reduced and thus the emission values of the internal combustion engine are improved can. About that In addition, advantageously results in a very rapid temperature range of Engine oil, in which this the desired viscosity for lubricating the moving parts of the internal combustion engine, so that the mechanical wear of the internal combustion engine advantageous can be reduced.
In einer weiteren Verfahrensausgestaltung ist vorgesehen, dass die Erwärmung des Motoröls während einer Warmlaufphase der Brennkraftmaschine durchgeführt wird. Wie bereits vorstehend beschrieben wird hierbei eine zügige Erwärmung des Motoröls in der kritischen Warmlaufphase, insbesondere nach einem Kaltstart der Brennkraftmaschine erreicht, wohingegen die Erwärmung des Motoröls bei betriebswarmer Brennkraftmaschine beispielsweise über einen Bypass zum Abgas/Schmiermittel-Wärmetauscher mehr oder weniger umgangen werden kann. Bei betriebswarmer oder heißer Brennkraftmaschine ist eine weitere Erwärmung des Motoröls über eine bestimmte Temperatur hinaus nicht wünschenswert.In a further embodiment of the method it is provided that the heating of the engine oil is carried out during a warm-up phase of the internal combustion engine. As already described above, in this case a rapid heating of the engine oil in the critical warm-up phase, in particular after a cold start of the internal combustion engine is achieved, whereas the heating of the engine oil can be bypassed at operating temperature engine, for example via a bypass to the exhaust / lubricant heat exchanger more or less. When the engine is hot or hot, there is further heating of the engine Oil above a certain temperature not desirable.
In einer weiteren Ausführung des Verfahrens ist vorgesehen, dass Volllast der Brennkraftmaschine keine Abgasrückführung erfolgt. Hierdurch lässt sich ein maximaler Wärmeeintrag in das Motoröl definieren, der auch bei Volllast der Brennkraftmaschine, also in einem thermisch besonders wirksamen Bereich, unverändert bleibt. Die Abgasrückführung ist insbesondere im Teillastbereich bei magerem Kraftstoffgemisch, bei dem ein höherer Anteil an Stickoxyd (NOX) gebildet wird, wirksam, wohingegen sie im Vollastbetrieb nicht erforderlich ist und insoweit reduziert oder ausgeschaltet werden kann.In a further embodiment of the method is provided that full load of the internal combustion engine is no exhaust gas recirculation. This makes it possible to define a maximum heat input into the engine oil, which remains unchanged even at full load of the internal combustion engine, ie in a thermally particularly effective range. Exhaust gas recirculation is particularly effective in the partial load range with lean fuel mixture, in which a higher proportion of nitrogen oxide (NO x ) is formed, whereas it is not required in full load operation and can be reduced or eliminated so far.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und aus Kombinationen derselben.Further advantageous embodiments emerge from the dependent claims and combinations thereof.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand einer Figur näher erläutert.The The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a figure.
Die Figur zeigt eine Brennkraftmaschine mit einer Abgasrückführung, die einen Abgas/Schmiermittel-Wärmetauscher aufweist.The Figure shows an internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas recirculation, the an exhaust gas / lubricant heat exchanger having.
Die
Figur zeigt schematisch eine Brennkraftmaschine
Im
Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine
Insgesamt
lässt sich
hierdurch eine deutliche Verbesserung der Emissionswerte und des
Verschleißverhaltens
der Brennkraftmaschine
- 11
- BrennkraftmaschineInternal combustion engine
- 22
- Ansaugtraktintake system
- 33
- Drosselklappethrottle
- 44
- Abgastraktexhaust tract
- 55
- AbgasrückführungsleitungExhaust gas recirculation line
- 66
- AbgasrückführungsventilExhaust gas recirculation valve
- 77
- Einspeispunktsupply point
- 88th
- AbgaswärmetauscherExhaust gas heat exchanger
- 99
- Abgas/Schmiermittel-WärmetauscherGas / lubricant heat exchanger
- 1010
- ZulaufIntake
- 1111
- Ablaufprocedure
- 1212
- Bypassbypass
- 1313
- Bypass-VentilBypass valve
- 1414
- Abgas/Motoröl-WärmetauscherGas / engine oil heat exchanger
- 1515
- kühler Abgasrückführtraktcool exhaust gas recirculation tract
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102007006469A DE102007006469A1 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2007-02-09 | Internal-combustion engine, has exhaust gas heat exchanger is exhaust gas or lubricant heat exchanger heating lubricant of internal-combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102007006469A DE102007006469A1 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2007-02-09 | Internal-combustion engine, has exhaust gas heat exchanger is exhaust gas or lubricant heat exchanger heating lubricant of internal-combustion engine |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE102007006469A1 true DE102007006469A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
Family
ID=39597502
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE102007006469A Withdrawn DE102007006469A1 (en) | 2007-02-09 | 2007-02-09 | Internal-combustion engine, has exhaust gas heat exchanger is exhaust gas or lubricant heat exchanger heating lubricant of internal-combustion engine |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE102007006469A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2472228A (en) * | 2009-07-29 | 2011-02-02 | Ford Global Tech Llc | Reducing the fuel consumption of an i.c. engine by using heat from an EGR cooler to heat engine oil after cold-starting |
GB2480824A (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2011-12-07 | Gm Global Tech Operations Inc | Internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas recirculation system having a bypass conduit |
DE102010053056A1 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2012-06-06 | Daimler Ag | Heating device for heating e.g. engine oil of transmission containing combustion engine of motor vehicle, has actuating element designed as fan, where operation of element is controlled based on state variable detected by sensor |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19906401C1 (en) * | 1999-02-16 | 2000-08-31 | Ranco Inc Of Delaware Wilmingt | Exhaust gas recirculation system |
DE10107018A1 (en) * | 2001-02-15 | 2002-09-12 | Volkswagen Ag | Internal combustion engine has heat exchanger installed in oil sump for heating engine oil by temperature of exhaust gases, and has exhaust flap and branch in exhaust pipe to direct exhaust gases to heat exchanger |
DE102005015230A1 (en) * | 2005-04-02 | 2006-10-05 | Deutz Ag | Internal combustion (IC) engine with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), arranges EGR line within oil pan under crankcase |
-
2007
- 2007-02-09 DE DE102007006469A patent/DE102007006469A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19906401C1 (en) * | 1999-02-16 | 2000-08-31 | Ranco Inc Of Delaware Wilmingt | Exhaust gas recirculation system |
DE10107018A1 (en) * | 2001-02-15 | 2002-09-12 | Volkswagen Ag | Internal combustion engine has heat exchanger installed in oil sump for heating engine oil by temperature of exhaust gases, and has exhaust flap and branch in exhaust pipe to direct exhaust gases to heat exchanger |
DE102005015230A1 (en) * | 2005-04-02 | 2006-10-05 | Deutz Ag | Internal combustion (IC) engine with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), arranges EGR line within oil pan under crankcase |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2472228A (en) * | 2009-07-29 | 2011-02-02 | Ford Global Tech Llc | Reducing the fuel consumption of an i.c. engine by using heat from an EGR cooler to heat engine oil after cold-starting |
GB2472228B (en) * | 2009-07-29 | 2016-01-27 | Ford Global Tech Llc | A method for reducing the fuel consumption of an engine |
GB2480824A (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2011-12-07 | Gm Global Tech Operations Inc | Internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas recirculation system having a bypass conduit |
GB2480824B (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2014-11-12 | Gm Global Tech Operations Inc | Internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas recirculation system having a bypass conduit |
DE102010053056A1 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2012-06-06 | Daimler Ag | Heating device for heating e.g. engine oil of transmission containing combustion engine of motor vehicle, has actuating element designed as fan, where operation of element is controlled based on state variable detected by sensor |
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OP8 | Request for examination as to paragraph 44 patent law | ||
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Effective date: 20110330 |