DE102007005160A1 - Method, apparatus and nut for preloading a bearing - Google Patents

Abstract

Methods and apparatus for preloading a bearing are provided, these methods and apparatus also include means for monitoring preload wherein a mechanic can accurately monitor and regulate preload applied to the bearing or bearing assembly. Embodiments of the invention may also be used to adjust the bearing clearance of a bearing or a bearing assembly. According to one embodiment of the invention, the bias voltage is transmitted to the bearing via a housing under pressure medium pressure, wherein the pressure can be detected and monitored. A device for precisely turning a nut and a tool for precisely rotating the nut are also proposed. A bearing locknut assembly that allows preloading or evaluating the preload on a bearing are also disclosed. The bearing lock nut assembly includes a first load introduction nut, a spring washer, and a second lock nut for securing the assembly to an axle.

Description

technical area

The The present invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for preloading rolling bearings in drive trains, preferably for preloading and adjusting bearings while monitoring the applied bias.

background the invention

It Various bodies have already been proposed to: Axle bearings, in particular axle bearings of trucks. It is general known that in some bearing arrangements, such as axle bearings, the life the bearings by applying a slight axial pressure deflection of, for example, 0.003 inches (corresponding to 0.0762 mm) which can often be considered as a "3 Millisecond bias "is called (where this value of pressure deflection is combined for two bearings). Typical methods for creating this bias are application a specific torque on the bearing assembly, for example by tightening the nut, which secures the bearing. Anyway, for various reasons It is typically extremely difficult to have such bias settings under current field conditions, such as in mechanic workshops too to reach. For example, the assembly of a heavy truck wheel On a wheel hub assembly a relatively tedious procedure, which Mechanic hinders. About that In addition, wheel hub assemblies always have at least one inner seal, usually a lip seal, which, in a restrictive friction torque introduces into the preload moment, especially if the seal is new.

A the most popular Means for adjusting the bearing preload by applying a Torque's in the literature of Stemco Company of Longview, Texas (for example Stemco Form 571-2970) and continue in instructions by Stemco (for example Stemco article no. 09-571-0006). These instructions are usually together Issued with axle spindle nuts from Stemco. The precision this and other methods for applying the bias voltage is limited because she on the relationship between the mounting torque and the axial preload of the bearing which are with a change the torque resistance or the friction of the nut against the area of the camp vary. The relationship will also change the torque resistance or the friction of the nut against the Spindle thread, the nut against the bearing surface and the above-mentioned lip seal, which present in the arrangement vary.

by virtue of the restrictions and the disadvantages of these and other methods and devices According to the prior art for applying the bearing preload exists a need to provide more accurate and repeatable methods and devices with which the bearing preload can be applied and adjusted can. embodiments overcome the present invention the restrictions and disadvantages of the prior art and provide a method and an apparatus for creating a known, monitorable, uniform preload ready, which is not under the inaccuracy of the procedures and prior art devices suffer. Furthermore are exemplary embodiments of the present invention for to use the mechanic easier.

Summary the invention

The The present invention provides an improved method and a improved device for biasing a bearing ready. In particular, it allows the method and apparatus of the present invention the mechanic to monitor the preload during preloading and to determine the currently applied bias more accurately. An embodiment The invention is characterized by a device for applying a bias voltage given to a bearing in which the bearing has an inner ring, which is mounted on an axle, and an outer ring which is mounted in a hub. This device has an axle having a first end and a second end which is intended separable to be mounted on the axle. Furthermore, the device a means of pressing the hub against the outer ring of the bearing, so as to introduce a bias in the camp. This means for applying the pressure is mounted on the axle. Furthermore, the device has a cylindrical frame, which between the means for applying the pressure to the hub and the hub is arranged. The cylindrical frame has a first end, which one for it is provided, a load from the means for applying a pressure to take on the hub. Furthermore, the cylindrical frame has a second end up, which one for is intended to transfer the load to the hub. In one embodiment According to the invention, the second end of the cylindrical frame is in contact with the hub. According to another embodiment of the invention is the second end of the cylindrical frame in contact with the Inner ring of the bearing. In a further embodiment of the invention the device further comprises a means for monitoring the bias voltage the camp up.

Another embodiment of the inventions A method of applying the preload to a bearing having an inner race mounted on an axle and an outer race mounted in a hub. This method comprises mounting a rod to one end of the axle, mounting the means for urging the hub against the outer race of the bearing against the rod, and activating the means for urging the hub to press the hub against the outer race of the bearing thereby to introduce the preload into the bearing. In one embodiment, the method further includes monitoring the preload on the bearing.

One another embodiment The invention is a device for biasing an inner bearing with an inner ring mounted on an axle and one in one Hub mounted outer ring and for preloading an outdoor warehouse with an inner ring mounted on the axle and one in the hub mounted outer ring, the outside warehouse is spaced from the bottom bracket. The device has a nut for holding the outer camp, which one for that is provided to receive a threaded end of the shaft and in contact with the inner ring of the outer bearing to come to hold the bias on the outer camp. The staff has a first end and a second end provided therefor are detachable to be mounted on the shaft. Furthermore, the device a pressure medium cylinder, which is attached to the rod. This cylinder has a cylindrical, attached to the rod casing and a piston for that is provided, the hub against the outer ring of the inner bearing to press to introduce the preload in the bottom bracket. A trigger nut is screwed onto the rod and provided to the cylinder housing against to push the piston. A cylindrical frame, which is between the piston and the hub is disposed has a first end which is intended Pick up load from the piston. Furthermore, the cylindrical frame has a second end, which one is intended to transfer the load to the hub and the hub against to push the inner ring of the inner bearing and so the bias to introduce into the bottom bracket. According to one embodiment, the Device further comprises means for monitoring the pressure of the pressure medium in the pressure cylinder on.

A another embodiment The invention is an apparatus for accurately rotating a nut. This device has a guide frame a support ring which has a first page intended to be in contact with a support to kick, and a second side opposite the first page. Farther The device has a plurality of stumps with a first, on the first side of the support ring mounted end and a second opposite the first end End up. Furthermore, the device has a tool with a set opposite each other Prongs open, which for it are intended to take levels at the mother, as well as funds to rotate the tines to turn the nut, and at least two spaced apart stops provided therefor, at least one of the stumps of the guide frame absorb and the rotation of the nut to a predetermined angle restrict, given by the distance between the two spaced stops is.

One another embodiment The invention is a method for precisely turning a nut. This method includes determining a desired one precise Rotation of the nut, providing a guide frame with a support plate with a first page, which for it is intended to come into contact with a support, and a second Side opposite the first side, and a plurality of spaced ones Attacks, the on the support plate are arranged. Furthermore, a tool is provided by the method, which has at least one set of opposing tines, which are intended to receive levels of the mother, and a plurality from spaced apart stops provided for this purpose are at least one of the spaced stops of the guide frame with the spaced-apart stops being arranged that she limit the rotation of the tool according to the desired precise rotation of the nut. The tool is mounted on the nut, with the tines the Receive flanks of the mother and at least one stop of the Tool abuts at least one of the stops of the guide frame. The Mother is now turned with the tool, the at least one Stop on the tool then to the at least one other stop on the guide frame strikes, causing the mother to get the desired precise angle of rotation is turned.

One another embodiment The invention is a tool for precisely turning a nut. This tool includes at least one set of opposing tines provided therefor are to include levels of a nut, means for rotating the tines, to turn the nut, at least one stop, provided for that is, with at least one corresponding stop on a fastening member, which opposite the mother is mounted to the rotation of the nut by a predetermined angle restrict, having. According to one embodiment, the at least one stop the tool with at least one stump, a cam or a Recess provided.

One another embodiment The invention is an axle nut with a cylindrical body with a first end, a second end having a surface, the one for that is provided to bear against a surface, a longitudinal axis and an outer surface, which can be grasped by a tool, a threaded through-hole, which is substantially along the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical body is oriented, and at least one recess opposite to the second End of the cylindrical body. The at least one recess is intended, at least one Area of the surface against the storage area highlight. According to one embodiment of the invention, the at least one recess at least one exact recess, for example a plurality of precise recesses which are equidistant at the periphery of the area are distributed.

One another embodiment The invention relates to a device for applying a load a warehouse. The bearing has an inner ring mounted on an axle on and is secured by a nut on the axle. The device has one Rod having a first end and a second end provided therefor is, solvable to be connected to the axle. Furthermore, the device an adapter with a plate having a through bore, which is penetrated by the rod, and a plurality of arms, the attached to the plate and are provided with the Inner ring of the bearing with the nut mounted to make contact. The device further comprises a means for applying a Pressure load on the plate of the adapter on, with the load on the Transfer inner ring of the bearing is while the Mother is mounted. According to one embodiment, the plurality of Arms pivotally attached to the plate. After another Embodiment, the device further comprises means for monitoring the load on the bearing.

One another embodiment The invention relates to a device for applying a load a bearing, wherein the bearing has an inner ring mounted on an axle and secured by a nut on the axle. The Method includes the Mounting a rod at one end of the axle without the nut Will get removed. Mounting a means for pressing the inner ring of the bearing against the axis, and activating the means for pressing the inner ring to the Inner ring to apply a load on the bearing to press. A Embodiment of the invention provides that the means for applying the pressure on the inner ring has an adapter which is a plate and a plurality of cantilevers mounted on the plate, wherein mounting the means for applying the pressure of mounting of the adapter on the rod and the inner ring.

One another embodiment The invention is a mounting arrangement for holding a bearing on an axis. The bearing has an inner bearing ring with a outer diameter on. The mounting arrangement is provided for a bearing biasing device to allow contact with the inner bearing ring. The mounting arrangement has a first threaded ring screwed onto the axle can be and comes into contact with the inner bearing ring. The first Threaded ring has an outer diameter, which is smaller than the outer diameter of the inner bearing ring. Furthermore, its outer surface is gripped by a tool. The fastening arrangement furthermore has a second ring, which is suitable for mounting on the shaft and with the first Ring cooperates and the axis receives so that a relative movement between the first ring and the second ring is prevented. Finally, points the fastening arrangement has a third ring with an outer surface, which is graspable by a tool. If the first ring, the second ring and the third ring are mounted on the axle is the bearing is secured on the shaft and the inner bearing ring is stationary before and can be brought into contact with the Lagerervorspanneinrichtung become. According to a development, at least the first threaded ring and the third threaded ring on a threaded nut.

A another embodiment The invention relates to a method for applying a load to a bearing with an inner ring mounted on a thread axis. The inner ring has an outer diameter on. After the method, a first threaded ring on the thread axis screwed, wherein the threaded ring in contact with the inner bearing ring device. The first threaded ring has an outer diameter, which is smaller is as the outside diameter of the inner bearing ring. Subsequently, a second ring mounted on the axle, the second ring in contact with the first ring device and the axis absorbs relative movement between the first Ring and prevent the shaft. A third threaded ring is now screwed onto the axle, with the third threaded ring in contact comes with the second ring. The inner ring is now with a device connected to apply a load on the inner ring. After a Training includes the method continues to monitor the load on the inner ring. According to another embodiment, the method comprises a tightening of the first threaded ring against the inner ring as soon as the load on the inner ring reaches about a predetermined load has to hold the predetermined load on the inner ring.

These and other embodiments, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent Described in detail with reference to the drawings:

short Description of the drawings

Of the Subject to which the invention relates is set forth in more detail and individually claimed in the claims following the Description. The above and other tasks, characteristics and advantages of the invention will become more readily apparent from the following detailed description of embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the attached Drawings understandable. In show the drawings:

1 a perspective view of a wheel hub assembly with a bearing biasing device according to a first embodiment of the invention,

2 a side view of the wheel hub assembly according to 1

3 a partially sectioned side view of the wheel hub assembly according to 1 .

4 a detailed view of a means for applying a bias according to the detail 4 out 3 .

5 a partially sectioned view of another embodiment of the invention for applying a load to a bearing,

6a . 6b . 6c a partially sectioned view of another embodiment of the invention cut in the plane VI-IV gem. 4 with the addition of a typical tool according to an embodiment of the invention,

7 a partially sectioned side view of another embodiment of the invention,

8th a perspective view of a wheel hub assembly with a bearing biasing device according to another embodiment of the invention,

9 a side view of the wheel hub assembly according to 8th .

10 a partially sectioned view of the wheel hub assembly according to 8th .

11 a detailed view of a means for applying a bias according to the detail 11 out 10 .

12 a perspective view of the bearing biasing device according to 11 .

13 a partially sectioned side view of the bearing biasing device according to 12 .

14 a plan view of the bearing biasing device according to 12 .

15 a perspective view of an axle nut according to another embodiment of the invention,

16 a partially sectioned side view of the axle nut according to 15 .

17 a partially sectioned side view similar 11 a device for applying and verifying a preload on a bearing according to a further embodiment of the invention,

18 a perspective, partially sectioned view of a nut assembly according to 17 , according to a further embodiment of the invention,

19 an exploded view of the nut assembly according to 17 and 18 ,

Full Description of the invention

The 1 shows a perspective view of a wheel hub assembly 10 with a device for biasing a bearing, subsequently as a biasing device 20 referred to, according to an embodiment of the invention. In 1 For example, some portions of the components have been removed to disclose the internal structure and facilitate the disclosure of the invention. 2 shows a side view of the wheel hub assembly 10 with the pretensioner 20 according to the 1 , The 3 shows a side view, partly in cross section, of the arrangement 1 , For better clarity of the figures, the wheel which would typically be attached to the wheel hub is omitted. The wheel hub assembly 10 represents a typical wheel hub, as found on wheeled vehicles, this includes, for example, wheel hubs of trucks, front or rear axles of a tractor of a semitrailer or an axle of a trailer.

The in the 1 shown wheel hub assembly 10 , is a device that is typically found on the front or rear axles of a cab, a tractor, a semitrailer or on an axle of a trailer. Moreover, the invention is not for use with bearings limited in the vehicle area. As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art from the skill of the art, the invention may find use in any machine or device that includes bearings or arrays of bearings. Without limitation, these include: trains, transmissions, machine components, off-road and off-highway vehicles, aircraft wheels, boat drives, spacecraft, conveyor rollers, wind turbines and others. Considering the features of the present invention, the biasing means 20 find use in any device in which a bearing preload or a Achsspiel is needed. These include, for example, devices that use an axial pressure and bearings that carry radial forces and are indirectly attached.

As in the 1 and 3 shown has a typical hub assembly 10 a wheel hub or simply a hub 12 and a threaded axle or spindle 14 on. As is usual, are on the spindle 14 two rolling bearings 16 and 18 mounted and the spindle 14 has an exposed end 13 , which is typically threaded. The spindle 14 is typically a lock nut 11 assigned to the exposed end 13 is screwed on. The locknut 11 may be associated with a further securing nut as known from commonly assigned copending US application Ser. No. 11 / 029,532, filed on Jan. 5, 2005, and the disclosure contained herein or any other available locking nut. The locknut 11 is typically used for a wheel (not shown) or a hub device on the non-rotating axle 14 to secure. Taking into account the features of the present invention, the locknut 11 for adjusting the preload or Achsspiels the camp 16 and 18 to be useful. Even if the bearings 16 and 18 are shown as tapered roller bearings, the embodiments of the invention can also be applied to other types of bearings, for which it is necessary to provide a bias or Achsspiel. These include, for example, barrel roller bearings, deep groove ball bearings and the like. In the following description and the claims, the bearing 16 also as an "external warehouse" and the warehouse 18 referred to as "bottom bracket".

As in 3 shown contains the outdoor warehouse 16 an inner race (or inner ring) 15 , an outer race (or outer ring) 17 , a variety of rollers 22 and a roll cage 24 as is usual for bearings. The bottom bracket 18 similarly contains an inner race (or inner ring) 19 , an outer race (or outer ring) 21 , a variety of rollers 26 and a roll cage 28 , As in 3 shown, the outer race 17 of the external warehouse 16 for example, by Prefsitz on an annular recess 29 held, which has an annular retaining flange 30 having. In a similar way, the outer race becomes 21 of the inner bearing 18 in an annular recess 31 with a retaining flange 31 held. The inner race 15 of the external warehouse 16 for example, by a sliding fit on the outer diameter of the spindle 14 held. The inner race 19 of the inner bearing 18 gets against a shoulder 34 the spindle 14 positioned, wherein a sliding fit or a press fit is provided on the outer diameter of the spindle. Every force on the hub 12 or the spindle 14 acts, is in this way on the bottom bracket 18 transfer.

Considering some prior art teachings, the outboard bearing can 16 and the bottom bracket 18 at least under low bias to the behavior or life of the bearings and the hub assembly 10 to improve. For example, in Timken Tech Tip, Volume 6, Issue 3 (copyrighted 2001) entitled "Preload in Wheel Bearings"[http://www.tmken.com/products/bearings/techtips/PDFs/Vol6No3.pdf#search = 'Bear ing% 20Preload']:
Low preload (on wheel bearings) can improve the bearings, sealing and tire life, but only if the entire process is mastered. "Mastering" means that it is actually known that the clamping process of the bearings ends in a uniform clamping of the bearings.

The Tech Tip continues:
Unfortunately, neither dial gauges nor any other standard tools can tell a technician which bias on a wheel. ... There is currently nothing available to determine the correct setting of the preload by the bearing fasteners. "[Underlined added.]

In other words, one of the world's leading manufacturers of bearings believes conventional torque and gage methods have proven that these are unsatisfactory means of providing preload and axial play. The previously known methods have in particular shown that they unreliable and unrepeatable biases or axle games in conjunction with bearings such as bearings 16 and 18 provide. In addition, experts in this technical field claim that nothing is available to determine bearing preload. Considering the aspects of the present invention, the pretensioner provides 20 such a device available - a zuver casual, error-free and repeatable means to preload or axle play on bearings such as bearings 16 and 18 to be able to adjust. In addition, an advantageous embodiment of the invention comprises means for monitoring the preload on the bearings. As a result, it can be ensured that the required bias voltage is available in comparison to the prior art biasing procedure assumed to be unreliable and often erroneous.

As in the 1 to 3 shown, the biasing means 20 one in a case or frame 42 rotatably mounted round rod or an axle 40 on, as well as a remedy 44 to the hub 12 against the outer race 21 of the inner bearing 18 to press. The middle 44 for pressing is on the axle 40 attached. The middle 44 delivers over the case 42 and the hub 12 a known and predetermined bias to the bearing 18 , The housing 42 may also be referred to hereinafter as the "shoe" or "foot" of the pretensioner 20 be designated. The axis 40 stands with the exposed end 13 the axis 14 for example via a collar 46 in connection, although other means of connection can be used. The middle 44 can be on the axis 40 via an adjusting nut 48 be attached to the axle 40 can be screwed on and a pressing force to the agent 44 supplies.

The mother 48 can be carried out so that a rotation of the nut 48 is possible. Furthermore, the mother 48 poor 50 or have a handwheel, so that a mechanic manually screwing or loosening the nut 48 is relieved. In a further advantageous embodiment, the mother 48 suitable for being rotated by a machine. For this example, rotary motors or stepper motors can be used. The mother 48 can be provided with a hexagonal head or a thread in order to be able to intervene in the machine, for example a torque motor. Such a machine is the 7 which will be discussed below.

The middle 44 may be any means, as appropriate, the pressing force of the nut 48 on the hub 12 and the outer race 21 of the camp 18 transferred to. In one embodiment, the agent 44 simply a cultivation of the housing 42 contain, causing the mother 48 the housing 42 touched and this against the hub 12 suppressed. However, such an embodiment would not be as much of a benefit in a non-existent means of monitoring transmitted power as other embodiments of the invention. In a further embodiment of the invention, the means 44 not only suitable for a force of the mother 48 on the outer race 48 to transfer, but the means 44 Also includes a means for monitoring the transmitted pressure force. For this purpose, for example, means for direct or indirect display of the transmitted force on the outer ring 21 So the preload on the bearing 18 , Find use.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the display of the by the means 44 transmitted pressure force mechanically. In this case, for example, compression springs with a known spring constant, such as in coil springs or disc springs, find use as well as a deflection display or known from the prior art dial gauge. In such an embodiment, a dial gauge may be mounted to control the compression of one or more springs on the middle 44 are positioned to display. This happens depending on the position of the mother 48 and the pressing force, which can be calculated via the indicated deflection and the known spring constant of the springs used. This embodiment of the invention is a reliable and repeatable means for indicating preload on the bearing 18 ,

In a further embodiment of the invention, the means 44 an electronic ad of the mother 44 transmitted pressure force on. This can be, for example, a force or pressure sensor. There may also be one or more stretch marks or load cells in the means 44 be installed. In this embodiment of the invention, the force sensor may be connected to a suitable processor and a display, for example, a digital readout of the pressing force of the mechanically operated biasing device 20 to reach. The transmission of the signal from the sensor can also be wireless, for example via an RF signal. This embodiment of the invention also provides a reliable and repeatable means for monitoring the bearing 18 applied bias.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the agent contains 44 at least one fluid such as a gas such as air or a liquid such as water, oil or a hydraulic fluid. Their pressure can be detected and displayed, for example via a pressure gauge, a pressure sensor or a mechanical display. In one embodiment, the pressure of the fluid may be the source of the pressure force on the bearing 18 be. The 7 shows an apparatus that can be used to utilize this feature of the invention. The fluid may be stored in a cavity, which may also be deformable, such as a bladder or a type of hose such as an air spring. The cavity can also be rigid walls and at least one movable wall as in a cylinder or piston exhibit. In one embodiment, the deformable cavity or air spring may be made of molded rubber, somewhat similar to an inner tube, and the structure of the means 44 may then be suitable for receiving the molded piece of rubber in both an inflated and a relaxed state.

When air is used as the fluid, the air may be used at a pressure of 690000 pascals or 100 psig, as is commonly marketed. The pressure of the fluid in the deformable cavity can be indicated by sensors or pressure gauges. Thus, the compressed gas can act on a nozzle which is introduced into a wall of the deformable or rigid cavity. In one embodiment, a mechanical indicator may be used in which a lever is deflected and, via it, drives the mechanism when the desired pressure of the fluid in the means 44 is reached. An embodiment of the invention, which is an agent 44 with a fluid is in the 1 to 3 shown. The 4 shows a detailed section of the agent 44 out 3 and is there as a detail 4 designated.

In the embodiment of the invention according to the 4 is the means 44 from a housing 52 and a movable piston 54 for axial movement in the housing 52 is trained. In this embodiment of the invention is in the housing 52 an internal cavity 56 arranged between the housing 52 and the piston 54 is provided as an annular cavity. The inner cavity 56 is at least partially or almost completely filled with a fluid such as gas, air, oil, water or the like. This fluid builds up a hydrostatic pressure P when the housing 52 by the advancement of the mother 48 on the axis 40 is pressed. The piston 54 can with one or more sealing rings 61 and 63 be equipped. Through the use of, for example, sealing rings for sealing, leakage of the fluid from the housing may occur 56 minimized or prevented. Furthermore, the housing 42 over an inner cavity 57 dispose of the piston 54 a clearance for the displacement of the piston within the housing 52 creates. In one embodiment, a creepage distance through the housing 52 to be used, the pressure in the cavity 57 to minimize or prevent pressure build-up, to ensure a good function of the piston 54 to be able to guarantee. The piston 54 can in the case 52 by a lock or a snap ring 55 being held. The housing 52 and the piston 54 can be machined from solid material in the form of bars or sheets or welded, forged or cast from these materials.

As in 4 shown, the pressing force by the advancement of the mother 48 on the case 52 , about the fluid in the cavity 56 , over the piston 54 , over the cylindrical housing 42 and about the hub 12 finally on the outer race 21 of the camp 18 transfer. Taking into account the features of the invention, therefore, there is the hydrostatic pressure created by the fluid in the cavity 56 about the advancement of the mother 48 brought about, a direct indication of the on the camp 18 applied bias.

In one embodiment, the pressure P in the cavity 56 be continuously monitored for example via a pressure sensor or a pressure gauge. As in 4 shown, the pressure P in a cavity 56 via one or more pressure displays 60 be monitored, which are suitable for the pressure P in the cavity 56 over a passage 58 in the case 52 take. The pressure gauge 60 can be implemented as an analog or digital pressure display. The pressure gauge 60 may be suitable for the pressure P in the cavity 56 and to pass on an electrical signal corresponding to the pressure P to a processor or a control unit. This may be suitable for displaying the pressure, recording the pressure measurement, generating a current as a function of the pressure, or providing a signal to a mechanical system. About the mechanics, a sound or a ringing can be generated, so that the achievement of a predetermined preload on the bearing 18 is shown.

According to aspects of the invention, the pressure P and the associated geometry (eg, the inner and outer diameter of the cavity 56 ) used by a mechanic to preload the bearing 18 to determine. For example, for a given bias, L in [pounds, Newton] and a given area in [square inches, square feet] of the piston 54 , which is exposed to the pressure P, the desired pressure of the fluid in the cavity 56 be determined by the equation P = L / A [psi, Pascal]. For example, for a pressure shift of the bearing 18 of 0,0762 mm (0.003 inches), a preload of 2721 Kg (6000 pounds pounds) is necessary and the outside diameter of the cavity 56 76.2 mm (3 inches) and the inside diameter of the cavity 56 25.4 mm (1 inch), then the desired pressure P is calculated over P = L / A = (6000lbs / ((n / 4) (3 2 - 1 2 ) = 6000lbs / (2π) = 955psig Equation 1

This pressure is now the in the cavity 56 to be reached pressure to the desired pressure shift of the bearing 18 of 0.076 mm (0.003 inches) and is above the pressure indicator 60 added. Taking into account the features of the present invention, the pressure of the fluid in the cavity 56 be monitored to determine when the desired pressure P is reached, thus the desired preload on the bearing 18 is applied.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the means 44 be equipped with one or more bearings. For example, a rolling bearing 62 between the mother 48 and the housing 52 be arranged and another rolling bearing 64 can between the piston 54 and the housing 42 be arranged. Camps 62 and 64 can be ball bearings or bearings made of low-friction material. For example, the bearings 62 . 64 Needle bearing or consist of a material containing at least partially PTFE, such as DuPont's Teflon ^® PTFE or Saint-Gobain's Rulon ^® PTFE or similar. The bearings can have one or more fasteners 65 and 66, for example one or more circlips.

As in the 1 to 4 represented is the housing or the frame 42 adapted to transfer the pressing force caused by the advancement of the nut 48 in the direction of the hub 12 arises. In one embodiment, the housing 42 have any structure which is adapted to transmit the force and thereby the function and movement of the nut 11 and the collar 46 does not bother. In a further embodiment, the housing or the frame 42 a cylindrical housing having at least one opening for access by a mechanic to the nut 11 and the collar 46 to enable. According to the embodiments of the invention, as is apparent from the 1 to 4 shows, the housing has 42 an upper flange 70 which is capable of absorbing the forces through the means 44 be transmitted. Furthermore, the housing has 42 a lower plate or a ring 72 on which is appropriate the force on the hub 12 to transfer and a variety of columns 74 attached to the flange 70 and the ring 72 are arranged to the force of the flange 70 on the ring 72 transferred to. In a further embodiment, the flange 70 be any plate that holds the piston 54 and the columns 74 receives. The ring 72 can be any annular plate that is suitable for a force from the pillars 74 take. In another embodiment, the connection between the ring 72 and the hub 12 have a rolling bearing. This may be a needle bearing or made of a PTFE-containing material as described above with respect to the bearings 62 and 64 has been described. The columns 74 may be circular or rectangular cylindrical columns extending from the flange 70 to the ring 72 extend. If the case 42 has a cylindrical structure, columns can 74 arise as sections of the cylindrical structure, provided openings are introduced into the cylindrical structure. In a further embodiment, the ring 72 be omitted, so that the columns 74 directly on the surface of the hub 12 rest. Unless on the ring 72 is omitted, the columns can 74 with a means of reducing friction between the columns 74 and the hub 12 be provided. So can the ends of the columns 74 for example, be provided with bearings, balls or a friction-reducing material, such as PTFE-containing material. The housing 42 can be machined from solid material or assembled via fasteners or made by welding, forging, casting or a combination of the various bonding methods.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the housing or the frame 42 instead of the hub 12 the inner race of the outer bearing 16 Touch and preload the bearing 18 transfer. For example, in a wheel hub assembly 10 the diameter of the lock nut 11 smaller than the diameter of the inner race 15 of the external warehouse 16 , giving access to the inner race 15 not by the mother 11 is prevented. (In 3 is the diameter of the nut 11 greater than the diameter of the inner race 15 , whereby the inner race 15 can not be achieved directly.) Under these conditions, the housing 42 Due to its size or construction, be suitable for the inner race 15 directly touching, reducing the pressure force by the advancing nut 48 over the inner race 15 to the outdoor camp 16 is transmitted. From here, the pressure on the hub 12 and over the outer race 21 on the bottom bracket 18 transfer. According to this one embodiment, this means that the preload on the bearing 18 about a pressure on the surface of the hub 12 or on the inner race 21 of the camp 16 can be done. In a further embodiment, a pressure deflection is on both bearings 16 and 18 to reach.

According to the embodiments of the invention, the on the bearing 18 transmitted pressure force via the hub 12 directed. Therefore, a portion of the pressure deflection is also on the hub 12 cause a deflection. Therefore, in some embodiments of the present invention, the deflection on the hub 12 be taken into account the pressure deflection on the preloaded bearing 18 to determine. For example, a dial gauge attached to the housing 42 is attached next to the pressure deflection on the bearing 18 depending on the size of the force and the Strength of the hub 12 also the deflection on the hub 12 detect. Unless the deflection of the hub 12 has an effect on the pressure deflection, according to one embodiment of the invention, the measured deflection with respect to the strength of the hub can be normalized or compensated. This means that the pressure deflection on the bearing 18 remains essentially the same, even if the hubs undergo different deflections due to different strengths. In addition, every deflection on the hub 12 only a small effect on the camp 18 have transmitted pressing power.

One of ordinary skill in the art is aware of the shape of the housing 42 to modify so that the housing 42 the inner race 15 can touch. For example, the diameter of the flange 70 and the ring 72 be reduced, reducing the ring 72 in contact with the inner race 15 comes. This alternative embodiment of the invention is disclosed in 5 shown. The 5 shows in a partial section and as a cross section an alternative form of the housing 42 to the pressure force of the agent 44 over the inner race 15 of the external warehouse 16 on the camp 18 transferred to. In this embodiment, the size of the nut 111 on the spindle 14 smaller than the previously shown nut 11 , whereby the inner race 15 is exposed and with the modified housing 142 can get in touch. The reference in 5 illustrated inner race 15 , the warehouse 16 and the hub 12 , In this embodiment of the invention, the diameter of the upper flange 70 on the diameter of the upper flange 170 in 5 reduced, as is the diameter of the ring 72 on the diameter of the ring 172 according to the 5 reduced and the columns 74 are by pillars 174 replaced. The pressure can be applied to the inner race 15 of the camp 16 be transmitted. In another alternative form of housing 42 For example, the columns may be angled or beveled towards the centerline of the device so that the diameter of the ring 72 reduced accordingly, causing the ring 72 with the inner race 15 can get in touch. Also, those skilled in the art will recognize other types of modifications of the housing to make contact with the inner race 15 to allow known.

As previously described, the axis is 40 suitable to end in the exposed 13 the spindle 14 intervene. Although this can be achieved by conventional means such as mechanical fasteners or welded joints, the embodiment according to the 1 to 4 that the axis 40 over a collar 46 with the end 13 the spindle 14 connected is. This collar 46 is over an internal thread 47 in the collar 46 on an external thread 49 on the axis 40 screwed. The collar 46 has a second internal thread 45 on that in an external thread 51 the spindle 14 summarizes. In one embodiment, only two or three threads are needed around the collar 46 capture. According to one embodiment, a plurality of collars 46 be provided with different diameters, for different diameters of the spindle 14 are suitable. Every one of these collars 46 can on the external thread 49 on the axis 40 be guided. In one embodiment, the movement of the axle 40 by one on the rod 40 attached collar or ring 76 , such as a snap ring, limited.

The axis 40 , the case 42 , the collar 46 , the mother 48 , the poor 50 , the case 52 , The piston 54 and the case 42 can be made from any construction metal such as iron, steel, stainless steel, aluminum, titanium, nickel, magnesium, brass, bronze or other.

In one embodiment of the invention, the biasing means 20 for applying and monitoring a preload on the bottom bracket 18 be used. Usually, a wheel, not shown, on a hub device 10 for example, via bolts 100 like her 3 can be seen at the hub 10 attached. As in 4 shown, the pretensioner 20 for a cavity to be filled with a fluid, such as oil 56 be preceded. An access 58 is not by a pressure gauge 60 busy. The mother 11 can before placing the pretensioner 20 be loosened or hand-tightened, though any slight load on the nut 11 usually with the onset of action of a tension on the spindle 14 via means on the axis 40 is reduced. Thereafter, the biasing device 20 on the wheel hub layout 10 about attaching the axle 40 on the spindle 14 with the help of the collar 46 placed. This will make the case 42 with the hub 12 brought into contact. Assuming that there is a 0.0762 mm (0.003 inches) pressure deflection and a corresponding preload L for the bearing 18 desired, this can be done in the cavity 56 to be reached pressure via equation 1 are calculated.

Applying the preload to the bearing 18 becomes through the advancing, firm mother 48 caused by the camp 62 and by rotation of the arms 50 against the case 52 suppressed. The mechanic can increase the pressure in the cavity 56 as he uses the pressure gauge 60 is displayed, monitor. Screwing in the nut 48 takes place until the desired pressure level is reached. The hub device should be rotated at least once around its own axis to ensure good seating of the rollers of the bearing 18 to reach. Once the desired pressure level in the cavity 56 is reached and the necessary preload on the bearing 18 is upset, the mother can 11 against the inner race 15 be tightened to maintain the bias even after removal of the device. The necessary tightening torque of the nut 11 can by reading the pressure in the cavity 56 over the pressure gauge 60 be monitored. Once the pressure during tightening the mother 11 begins to sink, this is a sign that the mother is too tightly dressed. The reduction of pressure means that the preload from the bearing 18 is solved and by tightening the nut 11 is transferred to this. In one embodiment of the invention, the tightening of the nut 11 until a drop in pressure is observed. At this point, tightening the nut 11 be stopped or the mother 11 can be solved easily, for example, by a 1/8 turn again. Furthermore, the hub device should again be rotated at least once around its own axis to ensure a good fit of the rollers in the camps 16 and 18 to reach. After setting a bias voltage, the biasing device 20 from the edge hub assembly 10 be removed and, for example, a wheel to be mounted again. Without departing from the desired results, variations of this approach may occur to those skilled in the art.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the biasing means 20 used to adjust the axle play of the bearings. So it may be necessary in some camps to create a Achsspiel for the storage device. For example, this axis clearance may be between 0.0254 mm (0.001 inches) and 0.0762 mm (0.003 inches). See, for example, the undated manual titled "ProTorq Advanced Axle Spindle Nuts" by Stemco, Longview, Texas, although in such methods a certain amount of torque is passed to the nut to achieve a particular bearing clearance, the inventor has discovered The actual axial deflection of the bearings, which results from the applied torque, may vary due to, among other things, different torque resistances (or friction) between the contact surfaces other things between the mother 11 and the axle thread 15 as well as between the area of the mother 11 and the surface of the warehouse 16 , Other errors can arise in such torque-based methods due to alignment errors of the ball bearings, which in turn occur between the steps of the method. Therefore, there is a need in this technical field for error-free and repeatable means for providing axle play to bearings. An embodiment of the invention addresses this need.

Embodiments of the present invention eliminate the inaccuracies inherent in previous axle clearance adjustment techniques and can be used to achieve a faultless axle clearance with settings between 0.0254 mm (0.001 inches) and 0.0508 mm (0.002 inches). Using the in 3 shown cross section, includes a method for producing a faultless Achsspiels the following steps. Starting with a greased and assembled wheel hub assembly 10 (this procedure can be done with or without an existing wheel) becomes the mother 11 loosened or screwed on by hand. The device 20 from the 1 to 4 is then on the hub assembly 10 placed. This is the round rod 40 with the agent 44 containing a fluid containing housing 52 has, to the axis 14 over a collar 46 attached and the housing 42 is at the hub 12 attached. In this embodiment of the invention is for the fluid in the housing 52 used a hydraulic fluid. After this procedure becomes the mother 48 that by arms 50 turned up, to a desired pressure of hydraulic fluid, for example 6900000 Pascal (1000 psig), in the cavity 56 to reach. This pressure is via the pressure gauge 60 displayed, which may be, for example, an analog pressure transducer. The desired pressure is usually predetermined via Equation 1, which also includes the necessary pressure deflection or axial clearance of the bearing 18 is determined. The desired final pressure varies, among other things, depending on the size and type of bearing used and the size of the cavity 56 ,

The wheel hub assembly 10 is at least once, usually at least three times, to the spindle 14 turned so that the rollers of the inner bearing take the correct seat. (See Timken Tech Tip Volume 1, Number 6: "Why oscillate or rotate a bearing" http: //www.Timken.com/products/bearings/techtips/tip6.asp) The pressure (6900000 Pascal or 1000 psig) that by the pressure gauge 60 displayed may vary when the rollers 26 of the inner bearing 18 take their seat by the rotation. If the pressure deviates from the desired end position, the pressure in the cavity can 56 by rotation of the mother 48 for example, over the arms 50 be restored. The rotation of the wheel hub assembly 10 around the spindle 14 and the step of restoring the desired ultimate pressure may be repeated until the rollers 26 of the inner bearing 18 have settled properly and the pressure by the pressure gauge 60 is displayed, has stabilized to the desired final pressure. Apparently, slight variations the pressure in the cavity 56 caused, among other things, by slight misalignments (no perpendicularity) of the mounted bearings. The roles 26 of the inner bearing 18 then essentially sit on the inner race 19 on.

After the bottom bracket 18 By the procedure just described has found his right seat, can with the adjustment of the Achsspiels of the outer camp 16 to be started. For example, while the desired ultimate pressure is again 6900000 pascals (1000 psig) in the housing 52 is maintained, the mother becomes 11 For example, with a hand-operated wrench slowly rotated and tightened. During or after putting on the mother 11 , the wheel hub assembly becomes 10 around the spindle 14 rotated, causing the rollers 22 of the external warehouse 16 their seat in the inner race 15 Find. The mother 11 will continue to be tightened until the over the pressure gauge 60 displayed pressure just starts to fall. This pressure drop indicates that the preload on the bottom bracket 18 by the pressure of the mother 11 against the inner race 15 of the external warehouse 16 is reduced. The mother 11 is then easily released again, so that the desired final pressure is reached again and the bias on the bottom bracket 18 is restored without usually the mother 48 to have to put on again. This adjustment condition is referred to as the "load guideline." Here, the desired preload is on the bottom bracket 18 reached and the pressure of the mother 11 on the inner race 15 is such that any further tightening to a decrease in the preload on the bottom bracket 18 leads. In an applied embodiment of the present invention, the load guideline may be determined fairly easily via the sense of touch of the mechanic. According to the features of the invention, the rollers have at this load benchmark both in the outer camp 16 as well as in the bottom bracket 18 a good fit and the desired bias acts on the outer race 21 of the inner bearing 18 ,

According to embodiments of the invention, there is provided a method and apparatus by which a mechanic can accurately determine the load guideline for an array of bearings. The embodiments of the present invention are not susceptible to the variability of the bias due to the unknown and unpredictable frictional forces between the mating surfaces and this is the case irrespective of the desired bearing preload or axial play, respectively. According to the embodiments of the invention, a mechanic, after reaching a neutral home position, can relatively easily achieve a desired adjustment of the nut 11 reach, so as to achieve the desired bearing preload or the desired Achsspiel.

As known in the art, a known preload of, for example, 2721 kg (6000 pounds) results in a known value of axial compression on a bearing (here, for example, with an axial compression of 0.1016 mm and 0.004 inches, respectively). According to the embodiments of the invention is in the position of the achieved load guide value, in which both bearings are arranged correctly and no bias on the mother 11 acts, the preload of the inner bearing 18 from the mother 11 captured or transferred to this, if the mother 11 For example, it will be solved by exactly 0.1016 mm or 0.004 inch from the load guideline value). Therefore, the preload or the Achsspiel, which has a precisely controlled rotation of the nut 11 produced, vary. An embodiment of the present invention includes a method and apparatus for controlling rotation of the nut 11 to achieve a desired preload or Achsspiel over this.

To an embodiment The invention provides a method and an apparatus, which use a calibrated wrench.

This can be used to rotate the nut 11 to control carefully and thus to achieve the desired preload or the desired Achsspiel. The 6A . 6B and 6C illustrate this method and the device. The 6A . 6B and 6C are partial views of the pretensioner 20 along the section 6-6 in 4 and additionally with a wrench 90 , For ease of reading, the show 6A . 6B and 6C only the arrangement of the housing or frame 42 with the ring 72 and the columns 74 , Furthermore, the figures show the end of the shaft 14 and the location of the mother 11 on the shaft 14 ,

According to one embodiment of the invention, the wrench 90 a handle 89 and two opposite prongs on the opposite surfaces of the nut 11 intervention. The wrench 90 has at least one recess 94 on, extending between the tines 92 located. The recess 94 has two opposite flat attacks 91 . 93 that the pillars 74 pick up and the movement of the wrench 90 to stop. In one embodiment, the stops 91 . 93 instead of one or more recesses 94 as one or more protrusions between the tines 92 be executed. In a further embodiment, the surfaces stopping the movement may pass through the closed ends of one or more sipes 95 in ring 72 which ones are suitable one or more rods 97 take, the below the wrench 90 protrude. The one or more cuts 95 may vary in length to accommodate one or more angular rotations. In addition, other variations of the wrench 90 or of the ring 72 and the columns 74 be provided to the desired limit the rotational movement of the nut 11 to reach. The wrench 90 may have a thickness ranging between 12.7 mm (0.50 inches) and about 25.4 mm (1 inch) or more.

As in 6A The recess can be shown 94 on a central axis with the handle 89 lie. The recess 94 But it can also be at any other place between the tines 92 be arranged. In one embodiment, the wrench 90 a multitude of three or more recesses 94 exhibit. According to one embodiment of the invention, the arcuate path between the opposing stops 91 . 93 the recess 94 provided the rotational movement of the wrench 90 limit when the wrench 90 to turn the nut 11 is used to set the desired preload or the Achsspiel. This aspect of the invention will become apparent from the description of the method with reference to FIG 6A . 6B and 6C more clear.

In this example, the size of the recess 94 in the wrench 90 by the length of the arcuate path between the stops 91 . 93 the recess 94 predetermined, whereby the rotary motion of the wrench 90 is predetermined over the swivel range α. (As will be described later, the pivoting range α can be over the desired preload or the axial clearance and the distance of the thread runs on the spindle 14 be determined.) As in 6A shown, the wrench can 90 the mother 11 to capture. Here, the tines capture 92 the opposite surfaces of the nut 11 and the recess 94 takes one of the pillars 74 of the housing 42 on. Like in the 6B Shown are the wrench 90 and the mother 11 together over the handle 89 emotional. The hub 12 will be according to the arrow 96 Gently turn clockwise until a stopper 91 the recess 94 with a pillar 74 comes into contact. By touching the stopper 91 the recess 94 with the pillar 74 is the starting position for the angle-dependent adjustment of the nut 11 established.

As the 6C shows is the hub 12 fixed with respect to a rotational movement and the wrench 90 becomes according to the arrow 98 offset in a counterclockwise rotation. This will cause the opposite stop 93 the recess 94 in contact with the column 74 and this is the rotational movement of the mother 11 on the intended length between the stops 91 . 93 the recess 94 limited. Because the wheel hub 12 usually much more massive than the wrench 90 and the mother 11 , the hub can 12 simply be locked by hand or other means while the wrench 90 and the mother 111 is rotated. Furthermore, it may be for the mechanic due to the inertia of the hub 12 not necessary, the hub 12 while turning the wrench 90 and the mother 11 to block. This ensures that the rotation of the wrench is stopped when the stop 93 with the pillar 74 comes into contact.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the desired angular rotation α of the nut 11 not the arcuate length between the stops 91 and 93 the recess 94 but due to the diameter of the columns 74 corresponds to the desired angular rotation α of the bent length between the centers of the columns 74 before and after the rotation.

Hereinafter, an example of use of the described method and the corresponding device according to the 6A . 6B and 6C specified. In this example, a wheel hub assembly 10 adopted, which is adjusted so that a pressure of the bearing 18 set with, for example, 0.1016 mm (0.004 inches) and the bearings 16 and 18 are loaded with a bias voltage when reaching the load reference value. It is further assumed that the desired clearance of the bearings 16 and 18 0.001 inch, corresponding to 0.254 mm, and the thread of the nut 11 and the axis 14 a pitch of twelve threads per inch (this corresponds to 1/12 inch per revolution), which is a common pitch for truck axles. The total required displacement of the nut 11 to overcome the preload pressure and to achieve the required clearance is 0.004 + 0.001 = 0.005 inches, corresponding to 0.1016 + 0.0254 = 0.0127 mm. For a thread with twelve pitches, the required turn is the nut 11 (0.005 inches, corresponding to 0.127 mm) / (1/12 inches per revolution) = 0.060 revolutions of the nut 11 to obtain the required clearance, which corresponds to (0.060 revolutions) × (360 ° per revolution) = 21.6 °. For a typical pitch of twelve threads per inch, an accuracy of 0.001 inch, corresponding to 0.0254 mm, this corresponds to more than 4 ° per revolution of the nut 11 or the wrench 90 and this corresponds to a deviation of more than 1/8 of an inch at the radial distance at which the column 74 is arranged. For this reason, by making the recess 94 of the key 90 where an angle α is, for example, 21.6 °, the key 90 by doing described above, to achieve a given clearance of 0.001 inch, corresponding to 0.0254 mm in this example. Other examples of the use of a key will be apparent to one skilled in the art.

7 shows an enlarged view, partially in section, of another arrangement 110 according to another aspect of the invention. In this embodiment, a fluid pressure in the means 44 the pressure load on the bearing 18 ready. In this embodiment, instead of by advancing a nut, such as the mother 48 in 3 , the pressure force by the mother 48 supplemented or replaced by the fluid pressure applied to the agent 44 is exerted, for example, the fluid pressure, which on the cavity 56 in the case 42 with the piston 54 is exercised. In this embodiment, the fluid pressure is through a supply line or a hose 200 provided. The hose 200 may supply the fluid, for example hydraulic fluid, from a source of pressurized fluid, such as a pump. The fluid pressure coming from the hose 200 can vary between 500 psig (equivalent to 3,447,372 pascals) and 3,000 psig (equivalent to 20,684,234 pascals). According to a variant, the fluid pressure is from the hose 200 the only source of pressure on the bearing. In the in 7 embodiment shown is the axis 40 according to 3 replaced by the axis 140 , Similar to the axis 40 goes the axis 140 in contact with the axle 14 as described in connection with other embodiments of this invention. Anyway, unlike the axis 40 indicates the axis 140 a knob 145 on which the agent 54 Retains example of a rolling bearing. knob 145 may be knurled or have a hand wheel or one or more arms 50 similar to the mother 48 exhibit.

This in 7 shown embodiment of the invention can be used to the pressure load on the bearing 18 to regulate automatically, for example by regulating the pressure in the medium 44 through the hose 200 , In one aspect, the invention may include an automatic controller, for example a PID controller, personal computer or PLC controller, for regulating the pressure in the hose 200 is set up. For example, a predetermined preload or play and the parameters of the bearing to be loaded can be input to the controller and after mounting the shaft 140 , of the housing 42 and the agent 44 to the hub 12 The controller automatically increases the fluid pressure to adjust the required preload or to verify the existing preload. This in 7 embodiment shown is suitable, inter alia, for production lines.

According to a further embodiment, the through the hose 200 supplied fluid through a pressure-increasing device, such as a pressure booster, ie a device which converts a pressure to a higher pressure, are provided. For example, the pressure booster may receive at a pressure supply of, for example, 1000 psig (equivalent to 6,894,744 Pascal) (e.g., shop floor air) and increase to, for example, 2,000 psig (corresponding to 13,789,489 Pascals) of hydraulic fluid which is then delivered to the hose 200 is handed over. Other sources of high pressure liquid are also useful in the invention.

It is understood that by varying the angle α which is desired for different bearings, different spindle pitches and different clearance and different preload, among other things, many different keys 90 with a recess 94 different width can be used. According to one embodiment of the invention, a plurality of recesses 94 with different width or different angle α in the key 90 to be used. According to another embodiment of the invention, the recess 94 in the key 90 set by the operator, for example, the position of at least one of the two stoppers 91 . 93 the recess 94 can be changed to provide a change in the angle α. In yet another embodiment, the width is between tines 92 of the key 90 variable to allow use of the key on nuts of different diameters. According to the embodiments of the invention, an adjustable key may be used which can be calibrated for predetermined preload and / or play values for a particular axle or hub construction.

Embodiments of this invention may also be used to determine preload or play on existing bearings or bearing assemblies. For example, an existing truck hub assembly can be tested for its existing preload and compared to the required preload and adjusted accordingly if necessary. First, the truck is jacked up, if necessary. (If necessary, the hub may also be allowed to cool down first). The pretensioner 20 will then go to the hub 12 and the axis 14 (as in 4 shown) and the means 44 pressed to apply tension to the axle 14 and pressure on the hub 12 exercise. (Wheels may be removed.) The means 44 can be controlled, for example, to vary the fluid pressure to gradually increase the preload in the bearing 18 to increase. As the load increases, a mechanic can quickly get the Last or the "tightness" of the mother 11 determine. If the mother 11 The existing preload on the bearing has begun to dissipate 18 reached or exceeded. A comparison of the current bias as by the mean 44 , for example, indicated by the fluid pressure, with the required bias can be made. Any adjustment of the bias voltage, both higher and lower, can be performed according to the procedure described above.

While according to one aspect of the present invention, after the bottom bracket 18 through the hub 12 is a useful indication of the existing preload in the bearings 16 and 18 for example, by assuming a predetermined distribution of the load between the bearings 16 and 18 and corresponding distribution of the at the camp 18 provides a measured bias, another aspect of the invention provides a more accurate indication of the preload on the bearings 16 and 18 , For example, the embodiment of the invention, which in conjunction with 5 is shown and described above and the embodiment of the invention, which in conjunction with 8th to 19 shown and described below, in which the load on the bearing 16 and 18 through the camp 16 is transmitted.

8th is a perspective view of a hub assembly 201 with a bearing biasing device 202 according to a further embodiment of the invention. As will be described in more detail below, the pretensioner performs 202 unlike the above based on the 1 to 5 described biasing device a load on the outer bearing 16 instead of the hub 12 one. According to this embodiment of the invention, a contact on the inner ring of the outer bearing 16 provided by a specially designed axle or Achsnuteinrichtung. Unlike prior art methods and apparatus, embodiments of the invention allow mechanics to preload the outboard bearing 16 to apply or to confirm.

9 is an enlarged view of the hub assembly 201 as they are in 8th is shown, and 10 an enlarged, partially sectioned view of the arrangement according to 8th , 11 is a detailed illustration of the means for providing the bias voltages as shown in FIG 10 are shown and with 11 is designated. The 8th to 11 are representations similar to the representations in 1 to 3 and many of them are in 1 to 3 shown structures that are numbered with the same reference numerals as in 1 to 3 were used. These structures typically have the same structures with the same properties as those described above 1 to 5 described. For example, the hub assembly 201 according to the 8th to 11 a hub 12 , a threaded shaft, an axle or "spindle" 14 , an outer rolling bearing 16 and an inner rolling bearing 18 on. As in 10 shown has the outer bearing 16 an inner ring (or cone) 15 and an outer ring (or cup) 17 and the bottom bracket 18 an inner ring (or cone) 19 and an outer ring (or cup) 21 on.

As also in the 8th to 11 shown has the hub assembly 201 a pretensioner 202 on, which, similar to the biasing device 20 according to the 1 to 5 , a rod or shaft 40 which points to the spindle 14 by means of a collar 46 is mounted, and a means 244 for applying a compressive load to the bearing 16 on. Once again, similar to the embodiment according to the 1 to 5 , shows the agent 244 the pretensioner 202 according to 8th to 11 A mother 48 on which with the shaft 40 is screwed. The mother 48 can arms 50 or a hand wheel to the operator when turning the nut 48 to support. The middle 244 the pretensioner 202 , similar to the above based on the 1 to 5 described means 44 exerts a compressive load on the bearing 16 out or middle 44 may be any means that are capable of compressing the inner ring 15 of the camp 16 to be transmitted by the mother 248 provided. According to one embodiment, the means 244 a means for monitoring the transmitted compressive load, which is, for example, a type of direct or indirect indication of the load applied to the inner ring 15 transferred as above in relation to the agent 44 , for example by a compression spring, electronically or by fluid pressure sensors, such as the pressure gauge 60 ,

According to the in 8th to 11 the embodiment shown is the pressure load of the mother 248 and / or the agent 244 on the camp 16 transferred and to the warehouse 18 through a load adapter 210 , According to one embodiment, the load adapter works 210 in conjunction with a modified axle groove 220 to put a load on the inner ring 15 of the external warehouse 16 transferred to. As above, for example, in connection with 4 and 5 are conventional axle nuts, such as the axle nut 11 according to 5 larger in diameter than the inner ring 15 of the camp 16 , with no direct physical contact with the inner ring 15 can be made to transfer, for example, load. Under some conditions, such as in 5 shown, the axle nut 11 be smaller in diameter than the inner ring 15 , where the inner ring 15 directly through the case, for example 142 can be applied to the load transfer. In the in 8th to 11 shown embodiment of the invention allows a specially designed axle nut 220 with a recess which faces the surface of the inner ring 15 protrudes, contact through, for example, the load adapter 210 , According to embodiments of the invention, the load adapter transmits 210 the pressure load from the mother 48 and / or the agent 244 on the inner ring of the bearing 16 and thus on the camp 18 , According to an embodiment in which the inner ring 15 protrudes, can be in load adapter 210 with a conventional axle nut, for example an axle nut 11 according to 3 be used. Anyway, if the inner ring 15 covered by a conventional axle nut is a modified axle nut 220 to use according to embodiment of the invention.

In contrast to other embodiments of the invention, for example the in 4 and 5 shown, the embodiment of the invention according to the 8th to 11 a more accurate and reproducible indication of existing or desired preload on the bearings 16 and 18 , For example, by the fact that, for example, by the means 244 applied load on the bearing 16 and from the camp 16 on the camp 18 is applied, that is by the means 244 monitored and displayed load a more accurate indicator of the associated preload of the bearings 16 and 18 , For example, no relation of the load on the bearings is needed as a measure of the relative preload of the bearings 16 and 18 to be accepted. 12 is a perspective view of a load adapter 210 as he is in 11 is shown. 13 is an enlarged side view of the load adapter 210 according to 12 and 14 a plan view of the load adapter 210 according to 12 , As shown, the adapter points 210 a plate 211 and at least two outriggers, catchers or arms 212 . 213 at the plate 211 on. In this embodiment of the invention, the arms are 212 and 213 provided on the plate 211 for example, by pressure on the mother 48 applied load on the bearing 16 transferred to. As in the 12 and 3 As shown, the plate typically has a through hole or bore 214 on which is provided, the axis 40 as in 11 take. The plate 211 can also have a protruding cam 215 which is intended to be the means 244 to touch, for example, adjusted to the piston 54 or the camp 64 to touch (cf. 4 ). In one embodiment, the arms are 212 and 213 movable or slidable to an assembly of the adapter 210 in connection with the warehouse 16 to facilitate. For example, the arms can 212 and 213 every seam with the plate 211 exhibit or modifications of the arms 212 and 213 that the poor 212 and 213 a distraction allows to interfere with the mother 11 or the mother 212 to avoid. As in the 12 to 14 shown as an embodiment, the arms can 212 and 213 articulated with the plate 211 be connected. The plate 211 can be a pair of eyes or protrusions 216 with through holes 217 show and arms 212 and 213 can recesses 218 have, which are adapted to the projections 216 to take up and arms 212 and 213 can also through holes 219 exhibit. pencils 222 can in the holes 219 in the arms 212 . 213 be provided, which with the holes 217 in the projections 216 communicate with the arms 212 . 213 around the pins 222 are pivotable, as by the double arrow 224 in 13 indicated.

The arms or outriggers 212 . 213 can projections 225 respectively. 226 have, for example, arcuate projections, which are provided with the arcuate shape of the inner ring of the bearing 16 to correspond. The arcuate projections 225 . 226 can be radiused to the same curvature as the inner ring 15 to have, for example, a radius between 1¼ inches, corresponding to 31.75 mm and about 3 inches, corresponding to 76.2 mm. The projections 225 . 226 can shoulders 227 respectively. 228 have to connect to the inner ring 15 to support. Because the pins 222 (which the load from the plate 221 on the arms 212 . 213 transmitted) at a greater radial distance from the center of the shaft 14 as the radial distance of the contact point on the inner ring 15 (please refer 11 ) can be arranged according to an embodiment of the invention, the shoulders 227 . 228 designed such that a contact of the projections 225 . 226 with the mother 220 minimized or prevented. This embodiment of the invention ensures that by the means 244 applied pressure load on the inner ring 15 is transmitted and not from the mother 220 will be carried. Minimize or prevent contact between the arms 212 . 213 and the mother 220 allows the mother 220 likewise, free without contact with the poor 212 and 213 to rotate.

Although only two arms 212 . 213 in the 12 to 14 can be shown, according to an embodiment, two or more arms 212 . 213 at the plate 211 be attached. For example, three or more arms 212 . 213 be provided, for example, equidistant on the circumference of the plate 211 distributed. According to one embodiment, the plate 211 be a round plate with two or more arms 212 . 213 , In one embodiment of the invention, the arms 212 . 213 Spring-loaded mounts to the plate 211 have, with the arms 212 . 213 are biased towards a position where they contact the inner ring 15 to have. The adapter 210 and his comm Components may be of any conventional structural metal such as iron, steel, stainless steel, aluminum, titanium, nickel, magnesium, brass or bronze or others.

15 is a perspective view of an axle nut 220 according to a further embodiment of the invention. 16 is an enlarged side view, partially cut, the axial nut 220 according to 15 , As in the 15 and 16 shown, points the mother 220 a revolving body 240 with a first face 241 and a second end face 242 and a longitudinal axis 246 on. The revolving body 240 may be a circumferential cylindrical body or a non-circular cylindrical body, such as a polygonal cylindrical body, and a body having a triangular, square, pentagonal, hexagonal, or octagonal cross section among other cross sections. These have a plurality of flat areas, hereinafter referred to as "levels".

The second front side 242 has an area 248 on which is provided, with the surface of the inner ring 15 (please refer 11 ) to get in touch. The body 240 has a threaded through hole or bore 250 which is essentially along the longitudinal axis 246 of the body 240 is directed. The thread of the through hole 250 may include any known UN, UNC, UNF, UNJ, Acme or other conventional thread. According to an embodiment of the invention, in which the nut 220 is used for a conventional truck axle, has the threaded through hole 250 twelve to eighteen gears per inch UN thread.

According to embodiments of the invention, the second end face 242 of the body 240 at least one recess 252 in the area 248 on. As described above, the recess is 252 in the area 248 at least a piece opposite the contact surface, against which the mother 220 supports, wherein a compressive load can be applied, for example, to apply a compressive load on the surface of the inner ring 15 of the camp 16 (see 11 ). As described above, the protrusion of this surface allows the inner ring 15 a mechanic, a preload on the bearing 16 apply and / or verify, for example, to verify a preferred "3 mil" bias as described above.

In the embodiment of the invention according to 15 and 16 is the recess 252 shown as a single annular or arcuate return, with the protruding cam 254 at the second end face 242 is provided. However, according to one embodiment of the invention has at least one recess 242 one or more caves in the surface 248 on, for example, one or more caves evenly distributed on the circumference of the second end face 242 , For example, in one embodiment of the invention, the recess 252 a plurality of arcuate recesses uniformly distributed on the periphery of the second end face and is intended to protrude over the surface of the contact surface, for example, wherein two or more projections on the adapter 210 for example the arms 212 . 213 in 12 with the contact surface, for example the contact surface of the bearing 16 get in touch. As in 16 shown, the diameter of the cam indicates 254 or the inner diameter of the plurality of recesses in the second end face 242 a diameter 255 on. According to one embodiment of the invention, the diameter 255 so dimensioned that it has sufficient support for the inner ring 15 offers, while at least some exposure to the surface of the ring 15 having a load device, for example the adapter 210 , in contact with the inner ring 15 comes. For example, the diameter 255 be at least as large as the smallest "support diameter" as used by manufacturers of bearings 16 is recommended.

As in the 15 and 16 shown is the first front page 241 of the body 240 provided for a nut locking device, for example, a nut detection device, as described in the co-pending application of the same inventor DE 10 2006 011 122.2 entitled "Shaft Nut", filed March 8, 2006. For example, the first end face 241 of the body 240 a counterbore 256 with a variety of internal projections 258 and a circumferential groove 260 exhibit. The internal projections 258 may be thread teeth that are adapted to cooperate with the securing device (not shown), and the circumferential groove 260 is intended to receive a holder of the securing device (not shown), as this in the still pending DE 10 2006 011 122.2 is described. According to an embodiment of the invention, no counterbores 256 or the circumferential groove 216 be provided in the first end face, wherein the first end face has only a flat surface, which passes through the threaded through hole 250 is interrupted.

The body 240 may also be intended to receive a tool, such as a Swiss wrench, a ring spanner, or a socket next to other tools, wherein the body 240 as desired twisted. According to an embodiment as in the 15 and 16 shown, the body rejects 240 an outer surface 262 with at least one level 264 on. But typically there are a plurality of levels 264 provided which are adapted to receive the tool, such as a key or a socket. According to another embodiment, the body 240 at least one recess, a hole or a slot, which is intended to receive a ring-key-like tool. For example, according to one embodiment, the outer surface 242 a hole or slot (not shown) adapted to receive a ring spanner. According to another aspect of the invention, each face of the body 240 Recesses, holes or slots, which are adapted to receive a ring key-like key. For example, the surface of the front side 241 have a plurality of equidistantly arranged holes or the surface of the counterbore 256 has a plurality of equidistant bores. Other adaptations of the body 240 facilitate the recording by a tool for twisting the nut 220 also. They are obvious to a specialist.

The mother or the attachment 220 may be made of any one or more of the structural metals as described above, such as carbon steel or stainless steel. The mother 220 may be made by machining from a blank or plate, by forging or casting and subsequent finishing, or by conventional powder metallurgy techniques. According to an embodiment of the invention, in which the nut 220 by powder metallurgy, FC 0208 or equivalent is preferred as the material. The mother 220 may also be surface hardened, for example by induction hardening, carbonizing, nitriding or other surface hardening methods. In one aspect, the protruding surface is at the face 241 mother 280 hardened, for example by induction hardening.

One of the methods of applying preload to an axle bearing and minimizing the risk of preload release is to provide a nut assembly which includes a first load adjusting nut, a spring washer which prevents the load adjusting nut from loosening, and a second lock nut which abuts against the spring washer supported to secure the spring ring in its position. Such an arrangement can be found in most conventional, originally equipped truck or trailer axles. However, in the prior art arrangements, the first load adjusting nut is typically at least larger in diameter than the inner ring of the bearing with which it cooperates. For this reason, the inner ring is usually not accessible to a Lagerervorspannung- or Verificationseinrichtung, such as according to the embodiments of this invention, when such a nut assembly is used in the prior art. However, the embodiment of the invention according to the 17 to 19 addresses the limitations of the prior art bearing biasing devices, among other things, allowing access to the inner bearing ring for load and / or preload verification when a nut and spring locknut assembly is provided.

17 shows a further aspect of the invention for applying or verifying a load or a preload on a bearing. 17 is an enlarged side view, partially cut, of a device 300 for applying or verifying a load or preload on a bearing in accordance with one or more aspects of this invention. 17 is a similar view too 11 and has many of the structures that perform similar, if not identical, functions to the structures 11 exhibit. These similar structures are in 17 denoted by the same reference numerals as in 11 , Some of these common structures according to 17 are the wheel hub 12 , the axis 14 (in 17 shown in cross-section), the inner bearing 16 with the inner ring 15 , the middle 244 with the axis 40 , the coupling 46 , the mother 48 , the ad 60 and the adapter 210 , According to this embodiment of the invention, the device 300 a nut or fastener 270 on which alternative to the mother 220 according to 11 is. The fastening device 270 has a first inner threaded ring 272 , a second 274 and a third threaded ring 276 on. According to this embodiment of the invention, the fastening device 270 a means for securing a preload in the bearing 16 while minimizing or preventing the escape of this bias, for example, during normal operation of the vehicle. In addition, the arrangement allows 270 an access to the inner ring 15 wherein the biasing means, such as the adapter 210 Access to the surface of the inner ring 15 gets to a desired load or preload on the inner ring 15 provided. For example, a close look at the 17 with the installed nut arrangement 270 like the surface of the inner ring 15 with the arms 212 of the adapter 210 can get in touch. 18 is a perspective view, partially in section, of the nut assembly 270 according to 17 , 19 is an exploded perspective view of the elements of the nut assembly 270 according to 17 and 18 , As in the 18 and 19 shown has the nut assembly 270 a first threaded ring or nut 272 , a second ring 274 and a third threaded ring or nut 276 on. As with regard to the diameter 255 mother 220 in 17 Recognizable is the outer diameter of the ring or nut 272 so dimensioned that a sufficient support for the inner ring 15 is given while at least a certain intake for the surface of the ring 15 is given, wherein the biasing means, such as the adapter 210 , in contract with the inner ring 15 occurs. For example, the outer diameter of the ring or the nut 272 at least as big as the smallest "carrying diameter", as it is from manufacturers of bearings 15 is recommended.

The ring or the mother 272 has an internal thread 273 on which one on the axle 14 can be screwed on and with the inner bearing ring 15 interacts (cf. 17 ). The ring or the mother 272 has an outer surface 278 on which a tool, such as a Swiss key, a ring spanner or a similar tool can accommodate. For example, as in the 18 and 19 shown the outer surface 278 of the ring or mother 272 one or more grooves 279 have, which can cooperate with a ring key-like key. The grooves 279 can also have slots, noses, holes or other notches on the surface 278 be. Instead of or in addition to the grooves 279 can the outer surface 278 of the ring 272 Projections, such as having one or more spokes, which can cooperate with a tool or a machine. Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the invention, the ring or nut 272 an outer diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the inner ring 15 , This is at least a portion of the longitudinal surface of the ring 15 for contact with, for example, the adapter 210 accessible (see again 17 ). The ring or mother 272 also has means for receiving the ring 274 for preventing relative movement, in particular relative rotational movement between the ring 272 and the ring 274 , For example, the ring, as in the 18 and 19 shown one or more projections or cams 280 having, which for receiving a hole or a hole in the ring 274 are provided. The cams 280 can in the ring 272 pressed or shrink fit or the cam 280 is easy in the ring 272 punched. According to one embodiment of the invention, the ring 272 a hole or recess, which projections or cams in the ring 274 receives. The thread 273 can be any thread above. Typically, twelve to eighteen gears per inch of UN thread are provided.

The second ring 274 is also intended to be on the axis 14 to be mounted (cf. 17 ) and has a means for receiving the ring 272 on to a relative movement between the second ring 274 and the first ring 272 to prevent. Furthermore, the second ring 274 Means for receiving the axle 14 on to a relative movement between the second ring 274 and the axis 14 , in particular a rotational movement, to prevent. For example, the ring 274 as in the 18 and 19 shown, one or more holes or recesses, such as through holes 282 exhibit. The through holes 282 are intended to one or more cams or projections 280 in the ring 272 absorb the relative rotational movement between the ring 274 and the ring 272 to prevent. Again, according to one embodiment, the ring 274 have one or more cams or projections, similar to the cams 280 , These are adapted to one or more holes or recesses in the ring 272 take. The means for receiving the axle 14 in the ring 274 can include any kind of recesses or protrusion that is required to receive the axle 14 are suitable. For example, the ring 174 as in 18 and 19 shown, one or more projections or key-like structures having a recess in the axis 14 be able to record. For example, the ring 274 one or more key-like projections 284 have a slot or a keyway 285 the axis 14 can take up (cf. 17 ). According to one embodiment, the arrangement 270 one or more separate, individual keys on which one or more keyways in the ring 274 can take and one or more keyways 285 in the axis 14 ,

The third threaded ring or nut 276 has a thread 277 on, which can be screwed to the axle and the second ring 274 receives (see 17 ). The ring or the groove 276 has an outer surface 286 on, which, similar to the ring 272 , can interact with a tool, such as a Swiss key, a ring spanner or similar tool. For example, the outer surface 286 of the ring or mother 276 like in the 18 and 19 shown one or more levels 287 have, which can be received by a ring key-like key. According to one embodiment of the invention, the surface 286 Grooves, slots, cams, holes or other imprints, which can interact with a ring key-like key. thread 277 can be of any type of thread mentioned above. Typically, twelve to eighteen gears per inch of UN thread are used.

ring 272 , Ring 274 and ring 276 may be made of any one or more of the above-mentioned structural metals, for example, carbon steel or stainless steel. ring 272 , Ring 274 and ring 267 may be made by machining from a blank or plate, by forging or casting and then finishing or manufacturing by conventional powder metallurgy techniques. According to an embodiment in which they are manufactured by powder metallurgy, a FC 0208 or comparable material is used. ring 272 , Ring 274 and ring 276 may also be surface hardened, such as by induction hardening, carbonizing, nitriding or other suitable surface hardening methods.

As in 17 is shown, according to an embodiment of the invention, the nut assembly 270 for securing the warehouse 16 on the axis 14 while allowing access to the surface of the inner ring 15 of the camp 16 is possible, wherein the biasing means in contact with the inner ring 15 can occur. According to one embodiment, the arrangement allows 270 during a reinstallation or during maintenance of an existing bearing access to the inner ring by, for example, the load adapter 210 , In an original installation after the camp 16 on the axis 14 and the hub 12 is mounted, the ring becomes 272 with the axis 14 screwed and tightened, for example by hand, against the protruding longitudinal surface of the inner ring 15 , Subsequently, the biasing device 254 on the axis 14 mounted in the manner described above, for example, where the axis 40 in contact with the axle 14 by means of the collar 46 is and the adapter 210 with the axis 40 and the inner ring 15 is mounted and housing 52 (with the piston 54 ) and the mother 48 on the axis 40 is mounted. Subsequently, according to an embodiment of the invention, a load on the inner ring 15 applied, for example mechanically by turning the nut 48 and / or hydraulically by applying a pressure medium in the housing 52 , The load on the inner ring 15 for example, by the pressure gauge 60 monitors until the desired load on the inner ring 15 is applied. After the load on the ring 15 is applied, the hub assembly 12 around the axis 14 rotates to ensure a good fit of the rollers of the bearing 16 sure. This rotation and recording should be done repeatedly to ensure a good fit. According to the embodiments of the invention, the ring or the nut 272 be tightened when the desired load on the inner ring 15 is applied, for example by using a ring key, which with the grooves 279 cooperates to the desired load on the inner ring 15 to keep.

According to one embodiment, the rollers of the bearings 16 and 18 be stored in a suitable manner by applying a roller seat load on the inner ring 15 , Specifically, a suitable load for storing the rollers in the bearings 16 and 18 , For example, the roller seat load may be related to the hydraulic pressure in the housing 52 of between about 900 psig (corresponding to 6,205,270 pascals) and about 1,000 psig (corresponding to 6,894,744 pascals), as indicated by the display 60 measured. (In one embodiment, this hydraulic pressure may correspond to the bearing load of between about 5000 pounds (corresponding to 2267.96 kg) and 6000 pounds (corresponding to 2721.55 kg), calculated, for example, according to equation 1). Again, the hub becomes 12 Rotates one or more times while the seat load is applied to ensure good storage of all roles. After a good bearing of the rollers, the applied load is reduced to a level corresponding to the desired preload of the bearings, for example, to a value of a few thousandths of an inch of preload.

This desired preload is between 50 psig (equivalent to 344,737 pascals) and 100 psig (equivalent to 689,474 pascals) hydraulic pressure in the housing 52 of the agent 244 , (In one embodiment, this hydraulic pressure corresponds to a bearing load of between about 300 pounds (equivalent to 136.1 kg) and about 600 pounds (corresponding to 272.2 kg) as calculated, for example, with equation 1.) Once the desired preload is applied the ring or the mother 272 tightened, for example, by hand or with a tool to hold the bias.

The device 244 is now dismantled and the ring 272 can on the shaft 14 be mounted, wherein at least one through hole 282 one or more cams 280 on the ring 272 picks up and the key 284 the keyway 285 on the axis 14 receives. This engagement of the ring 274 with the ring 272 and the axis 14 essentially prevents relative rotational movements between the ring 272 and the axis 14 , wherein the bias on the inner ring 15 is essentially held. Subsequently, the ring or the lock nut 276 screwed on the axle and against the ring 274 Attracted to the ring 274 to secure on the axle. Other procedures and method modifications of this method will be apparent to one skilled in the art.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the preload is verified or determined at a bearing of an existing hub assembly with the wheel mounted or disassembled. In this embodiment of the invention, the nut assembly 270 on the axis 14 assembled, wherein a bias on the inner ring 15 of the camp 16 may or may not be. The third ring 276 and the second ring 274 will be removed to access the ring 272 to allow the ring 272 around the axis 14 is rotated, if necessary. According to one embodiment of the invention, the third ring needs 276 and the second ring 274 not to be removed if there is sufficient clearance between the components. Even if a mother, such as the mother 220 according to 11 with a safety device (such as the safety device according to the pending DE 10 2006 011 122.2 ), the safety device need not be removed if there is sufficient clearance between the components to detect release of the nut.

The device 244 with the axis 40 , the adapter 210 , the housing 52 and the mother 48 is then mounted, with the adapter 210 in contact with the inner ring 15 occurs. According to the embodiments of the invention, the inner ring occurs 15 with the adapter 210 in contact, since the outside diameter of the ring 272 smaller than the outer diameter of the inner ring 15 , The load on the inner ring 15 is then incrementally increased, either mechanically or hydraulically. At some point or alternating with the lifting of the load will be the tension of the ring 272 against the inner ring 15 controlled, for example manually, to determine when the bias on the inner ring 15 through the means of the adapter 210 applied load is relieved. If the mother or the ring 272 dissolves before the desired preload for a specific bearing is achieved, the preload can be raised to the desired value, for example as indicated by the display 16 and then the ring 272 be tightened to obtain the desired bias. When the preload on the inner ring 15 is satisfactory, so the ring 272 does not dissolve until the desired preload is reached, the ring can 272 be tightened to maintain the desired bias. Should the applied bias voltage exceed the desired bias voltage, the current will pass through the device 244 applied load increases until the ring or nut 272 dissolves. Then the load is reduced to the desired preload and the nut or ring 272 tightened again to maintain the desired preload. The device 244 can then be removed and the rings 274 and 276 reassembled in accordance with the invention to ensure that the desired preload is applied.

In turn emphasizes the invention that although some embodiments of the invention have been described above with reference to their application to wheel hub arrangements for For example, truck wheel hub assemblies, it should be understood that embodiments the present invention on each vehicle, each machine or other components are used with at least one bearing can.

While some embodiments of the invention have been described and illustrated, alternative embodiments be found by a person skilled in the art on which the invention is based tasks to be solved. Accordingly, it is the intent of the appended claims, all these alternative embodiments as far as they are within the true spirit and scope of the Fall invention.

10

wheel hub assembly

11

locknut

12

(Wheel hub

13

The End

14

Axis / spindle

15

inner ring

16

(Outer) bearing

17

outer ring

18

(Inner) bearing

19

inner ring

20

biasing means

21

outer ring

22

caster

24

roller cage

26

caster

28

roller cage

29

deepening

30

retaining flange

31

deepening

32

retaining flange

40

Rod

42

frame

44

medium

45

inner thread

46

collar

47

inner thread

48

adjusting nut

49

external thread

50

poor

51

external thread

52

casing

54

piston

55

snap ring

56

cavity

57

cavity

58

Access

60

pressure gauge

61

seal

62

roller bearing

63

seal

64

roller bearing

65

fastener

66

fastener

70

flange

72

ring

74

pillar

76

ring

89

handle

90

wrench

91

attack

92

prong

93

attack

94

recess

95

incision

97

Rod

100

bolt

110

arrangement

111

mother

140

axis

170

flange

172

ring

174

pillar

200

tube

201

wheel hub assembly

202

Bearing biasing means

210

Last adapter

211

plate

212

poor

213

poor

214

Through Hole

215

cam

216

head Start

217

Through Hole

218

recess

219

Through Hole

220

axle nut

222

pen

224

double arrow

225

head Start

226

head Start

227

shoulder

228

shoulder

240

body

241

front

242

front

244

medium

246

longitudinal axis

248

area

250

Threaded through hole

252

recess

254

cam

256

counterbore

258

head Start

260

groove

262

surface

264

level

270

fastening device

272

threaded ring

273

inner thread

274

ring

276

threaded ring

277

inner thread

278

surface

279

groove

280

cam

282

Through Hole

284

head Start

285

keyway

286

surface

287

level

300

Facility

Claims (76)

Device for applying a preload to a bearing ( 16 . 18 ), which one on an axis ( 14 ) mounted inner ring ( 15 . 19 ) and one in a hub ( 12 ) mounted outer ring ( 17 . 21 ), with - a rod ( 40 ) having a first end and a second end detachably mountable to the axle, - means ( 44 ) for pushing the hub ( 12 ) against the outer ring ( 17 . 21 ) of the warehouse ( 16 . 18 ) for applying the preload to the bearing ( 16 . 18 ), which (means 44 ) with the rod ( 40 ), and - a cylindrical frame ( 42 . 142 ), between the middle ( 44 ) for applying the pressure to the hub ( 12 ) and the hub ( 12 ) which has a first end for receiving a load from the means ( 44 ) for applying a pressure to the hub ( 12 ) and a second end for transmitting the load to the hub ( 12 ) having. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the second end of the cylindrical frame ( 42 . 142 ) at the hub ( 12 ) is present. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bearing is an inner bearing ( 18 ) and the hub ( 12 ) an external warehouse ( 16 ), which of the bottom bracket ( 18 ), wherein the outer bearing ( 16 ) one on the axle ( 14 ) mounted inner ring ( 15 ) and one in the hub ( 12 ) mounted outer ring ( 17 ), and that the second end of the cylindrical frame ( 142 ) on the inner ring ( 15 ) of the external warehouse ( 16 ) is present. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by means of monitoring the preload on the bearing. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by a means for maintaining the preload of the bearing ( 16 . 18 ), which one on the axis ( 14 ) screwed nut ( 11 ). Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the bearing is an inner bearing ( 18 ) and the hub ( 12 ) an external warehouse ( 16 ), which of the bottom bracket ( 18 ), wherein the outer bearing ( 16 ) one on the axle ( 14 mon inner ring ( 15 ) and one in the hub ( 12 ) mounted outer ring ( 17 ), and that on the axis ( 14 ) screwed nut ( 11 ) on the inner ring ( 15 ) of the external warehouse ( 16 ) is supported. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the means ( 44 ) for pushing the hub ( 12 ) against the outer ring ( 17 . 21 ) of the warehouse ( 16 . 18 ) an activation nut ( 48 ), which on the first end of the rod ( 40 ) is screwed on. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the device comprises means for securing the preload to the bearing ( 16 . 18 ) after disassembly of the device. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the means for monitoring the bias voltage comprises at least one fluid-actuated piston ( 54 ), a compression spring or an air spring. Device according to Claim 9, characterized in that the means for monitoring the prestressing comprise a pressure-medium-operated piston ( 54 ) with a piston housing mounted on the axle ( 52 ) and the piston ( 54 ) for transmitting the fluid pressure to the bearing. Apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, characterized that the Compression spring is a plate spring or a coil spring. Device according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that a means ( 60 ) for detecting the pressure medium pressure on the fluid-actuated piston ( 54 ) is provided. Method for applying a preload to a bearing ( 16 . 18 ) with one on an axis ( 14 ) mounted inner ring ( 15 . 19 ) and one in a hub ( 12 ) mounted outer ring ( 17 . 21 ), with the following method steps: - mounting a rod ( 40 ) to one end of the axis ( 14 ), - mounting a means ( 44 ) for pushing the hub ( 12 ) against the outer ring ( 17 . 21 ) of the warehouse ( 16 . 18 ) to the staff ( 40 ), and - activating the agent ( 44 ) for pushing the hub ( 12 ) against the outer ring ( 17 . 21 ) of the warehouse ( 16 . 18 ) in order in this way to increase the preload on the bearing ( 16 . 18 ). Method according to claim 13, characterized in that prior to assembly of the rod ( 40 ) on the axis ( 14 ) a bias holding nut ( 11 ) on a threaded end ( 13 ) of the axis ( 14 ) is screwed. Method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that a cylindrical frame ( 42 ) between the agent ( 44 ) for applying the pressure to the hub ( 12 ) and the hub ( 12 ) is mounted. Method according to one of Claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the means ( 44 ) for pushing the hub ( 12 ) has a pressure medium release device, wherein the pressure on the pressure medium in the pressure medium release device when activating the agent ( 44 ) for applying the pressure on the hub ( 12 ) is monitored. Method according to claim 16, characterized in that the pressure on the pressure medium when activating the agent ( 44 ) for pushing the hub ( 12 ) is limited to a predetermined pressure. Method according to one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the bearing ( 16 . 18 ) Roll ( 22 . 26 ), wherein the axis ( 14 ) is rotated to at least some of the roles ( 22 . 26 ). Method according to one of claims 13 to 18, characterized in that the prestressing on the bearing ( 16 . 18 ) is monitored. Device for applying a preload to a bottom bracket ( 18 ) with one on an axis ( 14 ) mounted inner ring ( 19 ) and one in a hub ( 12 ) mounted outer ring ( 21 ), and for applying a preload to an external bearing ( 16 ) with one on the axis ( 14 ) mounted inner ring ( 15 ) and one in the hub ( 12 ) mounted outer ring ( 17 ), whereby the external store ( 16 ) from the bottom bracket ( 18 ), having the following features: 11 ) for the outdoor warehouse ( 16 ), which has a threaded end ( 13 ) of the axis ( 14 ) and on the inner ring ( 15 ) of the external warehouse ( 16 ) is applied to the preload on the outer bearing ( 16 ), - a rod ( 40 ) having a first end and a second end which is detachable on the axis ( 14 ), - one on the rod ( 40 ) mounted pressure medium cylinder with one on the rod ( 40 ) mounted cylinder housing ( 52 ) and a piston ( 54 ) for pushing the hub ( 12 ) against the outer ring ( 21 ) of the inner bearing ( 18 ), so as to increase the preload on the bottom bracket ( 18 ), - one on the rod ( 40 ) screwed activation nut ( 48 ) for pressing the cylinder housing ( 52 ) against the piston ( 54 ), and - a cylindrical frame ( 42 . 142 ) between the piston ( 54 ) and the hub ( 12 ) having a first end for receiving a load from the piston ( 54 ) and a second end for transmitting the load on the hub ( 12 ) and pressing the hub ( 12 ) against the inner ring ( 19 ) of the inner bearing ( 18 ), so as to increase the preload in the bottom bracket ( 18 ). Device according to claim 20, characterized in that a means ( 60 ) is provided for monitoring the pressure on the pressure medium in the pressure medium cylinder. Apparatus according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the axis ( 14 ) comprises a spindle of a vehicle wheel assembly. Device according to one of claims 20 to 22, characterized in that the second end of the cylindrical frame ( 42 ) at the hub ( 12 ) is present. Device according to one of claims 20 to 23, characterized in that the cylindrical end of the cylindrical frame ( 142 ) on the inner ring ( 15 ) of the external warehouse ( 16 ) is present. Device for exact turning of a nut ( 11 ) with: - a guide frame ( 42 ) with: - a support ring ( 72 ) having a first side for engaging a receptacle and a second side opposite the first side, and - a plurality of posts ( 74 ) having a first end which on the second side of the support ring ( 72 ) and a second end opposite the first end, and - a tool ( 90 ) with: - a set of opposing tines ( 92 ) for receiving surfaces of the nut ( 11 ), - Medium ( 89 ) for rotating the tines ( 92 ) for rotating the nut ( 11 ), and - at least two spaced-apart stops ( 91 . 93 ) for receiving at least one of the posts ( 74 ) of the management framework ( 42 ) and limiting the rotation of the nut ( 11 ) to a predetermined angle, which by the distance of the stops ( 91 . 93 ) is defined. Device according to claim 25, characterized in that the guide frame ( 42 ) has a head ring which at the second end of the plurality of posts ( 74 ) is mounted. Apparatus according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that the means for rotating the plurality of tines ( 92 ) a handle ( 89 ). Device according to one of claims 25 to 27, characterized in that the at least two spaced-apart stops ( 91 . 93 ) a surface of a recess ( 94 ) or a projection of the tool ( 90 ) exhibit. Device according to one of claims 25 to 28, characterized in that the nut ( 11 ) comprises a lock nut which is mounted on a spindle ( 14 ) of the wheel hub is mounted. Method for precisely turning a nut ( 11 ) comprising the following steps: determining the desired precise rotation of the nut ( 11 ), - providing a guide frame ( 42 ) with - a support plate ( 72 ) having a first side, which can be brought into contact with a support, and a second, the first side opposite side, and - a plurality of spaced apart stops ( 74 ), which on the support plate ( 72 ), - providing a tool ( 90 ) with - at least one set of opposed tines ( 92 ) for receiving surfaces of the nut ( 11 ), and - a plurality of spaced-apart reductions ( 91 . 93 ) for receiving at least one of the spaced-apart stops ( 74 ) of the management framework ( 42 ), wherein the spaced apart stops ( 91 . 93 ) are positioned so that the rotation of the tool to the desired, precise rotation angle for the nut ( 11 ), - mounting the tool ( 90 ) on the mother ( 11 ), wherein the plurality of tines ( 92 ) the levels of the mother ( 11 ) and wherein the at least one stop ( 91 ) of the tool with at least one of the stops ( 74 ) on the guide frame ( 42 ), and - turning the nut ( 11 ) with the tool ( 90 ), wherein the at least one stop ( 93 ) of the tool ( 90 ) to the at least one stop ( 74 ) of the management framework ( 42 ), whereby the rotation of the nut ( 11 ) is rotated by the predetermined precise angle. Method according to claim 30, characterized in that the plurality of spaced-apart stops ( 74 ) on the support plate ( 72 ) have a post, a cam or a recess. Method according to claim 30 or 31, characterized in that the plurality of spaced-apart stops ( 91 . 93 ) on the tool ( 90 ) a post, a cam or a recess ( 94 ) exhibit. Method according to one of claims 30 to 32, characterized in that the tool ( 90 ) a handle ( 89 ) and the mother ( 11 ) by actuating the handle ( 89 ) is rotated. Method according to one of claims 30 to 33, characterized in that the nut ( 11 ) has a locking nut, which on a spindle ( 14 ) is mounted a wheel hub. Tool ( 90 ) for precisely rotating a nut ( 11 ) comprising: - at least one set of opposed tines ( 92 ) for receiving flanks of the nut ( 11 ), - a means ( 89 ) for rotating the plurality of prongs ( 92 ) for rotating the nut ( 11 ), - at least one stop ( 91 . 93 ) for receiving at least one corresponding stop ( 74 ) on an essay ( 42 ), which is opposite the mother ( 11 ) is mounted to the rotation of the nut ( 11 ) to limit to a predetermined angle. Tool according to claim 35, characterized in that the means for rotating a handle ( 89 ) having. Tool according to claim 35 or 36, characterized in that the at least one stop ( 91 . 93 ) on the tool at least one post, a cam or a recess ( 94 ) having. Tool according to one of claims 35 to 37, characterized in that the at least one stop has two stops ( 91 . 93 ), the two stops ( 91 . 93 ) the end of a recess ( 94 ), which between the opposing tines ( 92 ) is arranged. Tool according to one of claims 35 to 38, characterized in that the nut ( 11 ) by a tool ( 90 ) is rotated, which has a lock nut which is mounted on a spindle of a wheel hub. An axle nut ( 220 ) with - a cylindrical body ( 240 ) with a first end and a second end, with one side ( 248 ), which can be supported against a surface, a longitudinal axis ( 246 ), and an outer surface ( 262 ), which is graspable by a tool, - a threaded through-bore ( 250 ), which essentially along the longitudinal axis ( 246 ) of the cylindrical body, and - at least one recess ( 252 ) on the side of the second end of the cylindrical body ( 240 ), which at least a part of the area ( 248 ), against which the page is supported. Axle nut according to claim 40, characterized in that the at least one recess ( 252 ) comprises at least one arcuate recess. Nut according to claim 41, characterized that the at least one arcuate recess a plurality of arcuate recesses is which equidistant on the outer circumference the side are arranged. Nut according to claim 41, characterized in that the at least one arcuate recess ( 252 ) is a single circular recess extending around the outer periphery of the second end side. Nut according to one of claims 40 to 43, characterized in that the cylindrical body ( 240 ) is a circular cylindrical body or a polygonal cylindrical body. A nut according to claim 44, characterized in that the polygonal cylindrical body has a plurality of planes ( 264 ), which are gripped by a tool. Nut according to one of claims 40 to 45, characterized in that the outer surface ( 262 ) of the cylindrical body comprises at least one engageable by a tool recess. Nut according to one of claims 40 to 46, characterized that the Nut has a bearing lock nut and the surface of a surface of the Warehouse includes. Nut according to claim 47, characterized that the at least one recess at least a portion of the surface of the Emphasizes bearing, placing a compressive load on the surface of the Camp is brought. A device for applying a load to a bearing ( 16 ), which one on an axis ( 14 ) mounted inner ring ( 15 . 19 ) and by means of a nut ( 11 . 220 ) on the axis ( 14 ), having the following characteristics: - a rod ( 40 ) having a first end and a second end releasable on the axis ( 14 ), - an adapter ( 210 ) with a plate ( 211 ), which has a through-bore ( 214 ) through which the rod ( 40 ) and a number of arms ( 212 . 213 ), which on the plate ( 211 ) and in contact with the inner ring ( 15 ) of the warehouse ( 16 ) can be brought with the nut screwed on, and - means ( 244 ) for applying a compressive load to the plate ( 211 ) of the adapter ( 210 ), whereby the load on the inner ring ( 15 ) of the warehouse ( 16 ) with screwed nut ( 11 . 220 ) is transmitted. Apparatus according to claim 49, characterized ge indicates that the majority of arms ( 212 . 213 ) pivotable on the plate ( 211 ) is mounted. Device according to claim 48 or 49, characterized in that the nut ( 220 ) is a nut according to claim 40. Device according to one of Claims 49 to 51, characterized in that the plurality of cantilevers ( 212 . 213 ) Projections ( 225 . 226 ) which are engageable at least with a recess in the side of the second end of the cylindrical body of the nut. Apparatus according to claim 52, characterized in that the projections ( 225 . 226 ) one shoulder ( 227 . 228 ), which with the inner ring ( 15 ) of the warehouse ( 16 ) is brought into contact. Device according to one of claims 49 to 53, characterized by a means of monitoring the load on the warehouse. Device according to one of Claims 49 to 54, characterized in that the means ( 244 ) for applying the pressure load to the plate ( 211 ) of the adapter ( 210 ) an actuating nut ( 48 ), which on the rod ( 40 ) is screwed. Device according to one of Claims 49 to 50, characterized in that the means ( 244 ) for applying the pressure load to the plate ( 211 ) of the adapter ( 210 ) at least one fluid-actuated piston ( 54 ), a compression spring or an air spring. Method of applying a load to a bearing ( 16 ) with one on an axis ( 14 ) mounted inner ring ( 15 ), whereby the bearing ( 16 ) by a mother ( 11 . 220 ) on the axis ( 14 ) is secured, with the following steps: - mounting a rod ( 40 ) to one end of the axis ( 14 ), - without dismantling the nut ( 11 . 220 ) Mounting a means ( 244 ) for pressing the inner ring ( 15 ) of the warehouse ( 16 ) against the axis ( 14 ), and - actuating the means ( 244 ) for pressing the inner ring ( 15 ), so that the inner ring ( 15 ) and put a load on the bearing ( 16 ) exercised Method according to claim 57, characterized in that the bearings ( 16 ) is monitored. Method according to claim 57 or 58, characterized in that the means ( 244 ) for pressing the inner ring ( 15 ) an adapter ( 210 ) with a plate ( 211 ) and a plurality of to the plate ( 211 ) mounted jibs ( 212 . 213 ), wherein when mounting the agent ( 244 ) for pressing the adapters ( 210 ) between the rod ( 40 ) and the inner ring ( 15 ) is attached. Method according to one of Claims 57 to 59, characterized in that the nut ( 220 ) is a nut according to claim 40. A mounting arrangement for securing a bearing ( 16 ) on one axis ( 14 ), whereby the bearing ( 16 ) an inner bearing ring ( 15 ) having an outer diameter, and the fastening means for supporting a load device in abutment with the inner bearing ring ( 15 ), having the following features: a first threaded ring ( 272 ), which on the axis ( 14 ) and to the inner bearing ring ( 15 ), wherein the first threaded ring ( 272 ) has an outer diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the inner bearing ring ( 15 ) and the outer surface is gripped by a tool, - a second ring ( 274 ), which on the axis ( 14 ) and to the first ring ( 272 ) and the axis ( 14 ) is engageable to provide relative movement between the first ring ( 272 ) and the axis ( 14 ), and - a third threaded ring ( 276 ), which on the axis ( 14 ) and in abutment with the second ring ( 274 ), the third ring ( 276 ) has an outer surface which is graspable by a tool, - whereby the bearing ( 16 ) on the axis ( 44 ) is secured when the first ring ( 272 ), the second ring ( 274 ) and the third ring ( 276 ) on the axis ( 14 ) are screwed, and the inner bearing ring ( 15 ) and in abutment with the bearing biasing device ( 300 ) can be brought. Fastening arrangement according to Claim 61, characterized in that the second ring ( 274 ) means for receiving the first ring ( 272 ), so that a relative movement between the second ring ( 274 ) and the first ring ( 272 ) is prevented. Fastening arrangement according to claim 62, characterized in that the second ring ( 274 ) has an end face and the means for engaging the first ring a projection or a recess ( 282 ) in the end face, which with the first ring ( 272 ) is engageable. Fastening arrangement according to one of Claims 61 to 63, characterized in that the second ring ( 274 ) Means for engaging the axle ( 14 ) for relative movement between the second ring ( 274 ) and the axis ( 14 ) to prevent. Fastening arrangement according to claim 64, characterized in that the second ring ( 274 ) has a radial inner surface, and that the means for engaging the axis ( 14 ) a lead ( 284 ) or has a recess in the radial inner surface, which with the axis ( 14 ) is engageable. Fastening arrangement according to one of Claims 61 to 65, characterized in that the bearing ( 16 ) on the axis ( 14 ) is secured and the end face of the inner bearing ring ( 15 ) projects at least partially and in contact with the bearing biasing device ( 300 ) can be brought. Fastening arrangement according to one of claims 61 to 66, characterized in that at least one of the first threaded ring ( 272 ) or the third threaded ring ( 276 ) a female thread ( 277 ) having. Fastening arrangement according to one of Claims 61 to 67, characterized in that the outer surface of the first threaded ring ( 272 ) at least one recess ( 279 ) or a projection for receiving a tool. Fastening arrangement according to one of Claims 61 to 68, characterized in that the bearing pretensioning device ( 300 ) An apparatus according to claim 49. Method of applying a load to a bearing ( 16 ) with one on a threaded axis ( 14 ) mounted inner ring ( 15 ), wherein the inner ring ( 15 ) has an outer diameter, with the following process steps: - screwing on a first threaded ring ( 272 ) on the thread axis ( 14 ), wherein the threaded ring ( 272 ) in contact with the inner bearing ring ( 15 ) and wherein the first threaded ring ( 272 ) has an outer diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the inner bearing ring ( 15 ), - mounting a second ring ( 272 ) on the axis ( 14 ), the second ring ( 274 ) in contact with the first ring ( 272 ) and the axis ( 14 ), so that a relative movement between the first ring ( 272 ) and the axis ( 14 ), and - screwing on the third threaded ring ( 276 ) on the axis ( 14 ), wherein the third threaded ring ( 276 ) in contact with the second threaded ring ( 274 ), and - applying the inner ring ( 15 ) to a device by which the load on the inner ring ( 15 ) is transferable. Method according to claim 70, characterized in that the load on the inner ring ( 15 ) is raised by the device ( 300 ) is used to apply the load to the bearing. Method according to claim 70 or 71, characterized in that the bearings ( 16 ) is monitored. Method according to claim 72, characterized in that the first threaded ring ( 272 ) against the inner ring ( 15 ) is tightened when the load on the inner ring ( 15 ) has reached the predetermined load. Method according to claim 73, characterized in that by tightening the first threaded ring ( 272 ) against the inner ring ( 15 ) the predetermined load on the inner ring ( 15 ) preserved. Method according to one of claims 70 to 74, characterized in that the inner ring ( 15 ) has a longitudinal end face, wherein by screwing the first threaded ring ( 272 ) on the thread axis ( 14 ) the first threaded ring ( 272 ) in contact with the end face of the inner ring ( 15 ) comes so that at least a portion of the end face is not through the first threaded ring ( 272 ) is covered. Method according to one of Claims 70 to 75, characterized in that the inner ring ( 15 ) with a device ( 300 ) for applying the load to the inner ring ( 15 ), wherein a device according to claim 49 is used.