DE102006059050A1 - Process for the heat treatment of rolling bearing components made of through hardened, bainitic bearing steel - Google Patents

Process for the heat treatment of rolling bearing components made of through hardened, bainitic bearing steel Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102006059050A1
DE102006059050A1 DE200610059050 DE102006059050A DE102006059050A1 DE 102006059050 A1 DE102006059050 A1 DE 102006059050A1 DE 200610059050 DE200610059050 DE 200610059050 DE 102006059050 A DE102006059050 A DE 102006059050A DE 102006059050 A1 DE102006059050 A1 DE 102006059050A1
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Prior art keywords
temperature
heat treatment
workpiece
bath
martensite start
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DE200610059050
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German (de)
Inventor
Christian SCHULTE-NÖLLE
Werner Dr. Trojahn
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler KG
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Priority to DE200610059050 priority Critical patent/DE102006059050A1/en
Priority to PCT/DE2007/002188 priority patent/WO2008071157A2/en
Publication of DE102006059050A1 publication Critical patent/DE102006059050A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
    • C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
    • C21D1/22—Martempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/36—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for balls; for rollers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/607—Molten salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/002—Bainite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung von Wälzlagerbauteilen aus durchgehärtetem, bainitischem Wälzlagerstahl mit Druckeigenspannungen im Randbereich und einem Martensitanteil von höchstens 5% sowie einem Restaustenitanteil von höchstens 3% so zu gestalten, dass die durch die Wärmebehandlung erzielbare Härte in den Randbereichen des behandelten Werkstücks wenigstens 60 HRC beträgt. Dazu wird die Wärmebehandlung zweistufig durchgeführt, - wobei das Werkstück von der Austenitisierungstemperatur ausgehend zunächst in einem Salzbad, dem mindestens 0,5% Wasser zugesetzt wurden und das eine Temperatur leicht unterhalb der Martensit-Starttemperatur aufweist, abgeschreckt und so lange gehalten wird, bis ein Temperaturausgleich eingetreten ist, und - wobei das Werkstück anschließend in ein zweites Bad, dessen Temperatur geringfügig über der Martensit-Starttemperatur liegt, umgesetzt und und über der Martensit-Starttemperatur gehalten wird.The object of the invention is to make a method for heat treatment of rolling bearing components of through hardened, bainitic bearing steel with compressive stresses in the edge region and a Martensitanteil of at most 5% and a Restaustenitanteil of at most 3% so that the achievable by the heat treatment hardness in the edge regions of the treated workpiece is at least 60 HRC. For this purpose, the heat treatment is carried out in two stages, - the workpiece from the Austenitisierungstemperatur initially in a salt bath to which at least 0.5% water was added and which has a temperature slightly below the martensite start temperature, quenched and held until a Temperature compensation has occurred, and - the workpiece then in a second bath whose temperature is slightly above the martensite start temperature, implemented and maintained above the martensite start temperature.

Description

Gebiet der ErfindungField of the invention

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung von Wälzlagerbauteilen aus durchgehärtetem, bainitischem Wälzlagerstahl mit Druckeigenspannungen im Randbereich und einem Martensitanteil von höchstens 10 Volumen-% sowie einem Restaustenitanteil von höchstens 3 Volumen-%.The The invention relates to a method for heat treatment of rolling bearing components made of through-hardened, bainitic bearing steel with residual compressive stresses in the edge area and a Martensitanteil from at most 10% by volume and a residual austenite content of at most 3% by volume.

Dazu geeignete Wälzlagerstähle sind beispielsweise Stähle nach DIN/EN/ISO 683/VXII wie z.B. 100Cr6, 100CrMn6, 100CrMo7, 100CrMo73, SAE52100, SUJ2, SUJ3 u.a.To suitable rolling bearing steels are for example steels according to DIN / EN / ISO 683 / VXII such. 100Cr6, 100CrMn6, 100CrMo7, 100CrMo73, SAE52100, SUJ2, SUJ3 and others.

Es sind aus der DE 10 2004 038 159 B3 verschiedene Verfahren zum Wärmebehandeln von Werkstücken aus Stahl bekannt, die insbesondere zur Erhöhung der Härte der Werkstücke dienen. Die Art und die Parameter der zur Anwendung kommenden Wärmebehandlung haben großen Einfluss auf die Eigenschaften des Werkstückes, weil hierdurch das Gefüge oder die jeweiligen Gefügeanteile bestimmt werden.They are from the DE 10 2004 038 159 B3 Various methods for heat treating workpieces made of steel, which are used in particular to increase the hardness of the workpieces. The type and parameters of the applied heat treatment have great influence on the properties of the workpiece, because this determines the structure or the respective microstructural components.

Ein gängiges, ebenfalls in der DE 10 2004 038 159 B3 erwähntes Verfahren ist das Bainitisieren, wobei hierzu der Austenit in Bainit umgewandelt wird. Üblicherweise wird hierzu das Werkstück auf Austenitisierungstemperatur erwärmt, eine Zeit lang auf dieser Temperatur gehalten und dann auf eine Temperatur knapp oberhalb der Martensit-Starttemperatur abgeschreckt. Danach kann die Temperatur bis zum Ende der Umwandlung konstant gehalten werden.A common, also in the DE 10 2004 038 159 B3 mentioned method is the Bainitisieren, for which purpose the austenite is converted into bainite. Usually, this is done by heating the workpiece to austenitizing temperature, maintaining it at that temperature for a while and then quenching it to a temperature just above the martensite start temperature. Thereafter, the temperature can be kept constant until the end of the conversion.

Dabei ist auch das Abschreckmedium von Bedeutung. Grundsätzlich stehen hier Luft, Wasser, Öl oder Salz zur Verfügung. Ausgehend von dem Grundsatz, die Abkühlung nicht rascher als nötig zu gestalten, wird diese Auswahl getroffen. Beim Bainitisieren erfolgt das Abschrecken meistens in einem Salzbad mit einer Temperatur oberhalb des Martensit-Startpunktes, so dass die Entstehung von Martensit unterbunden wird. Die Temperatur des Bades liegt daher etwa bei 220-240°C.there the quenching medium is also important. Basically here air, water, oil or salt available. Based on the principle of not cooling down faster than necessary, this selection is made. When bainitizing the quenching takes place mostly in a salt bath with a temperature above the martensite starting point, so that the formation of martensite is prevented. The temperature The bath is therefore around 220-240 ° C.

Die DE 10 2004 038 159 B3 erwähnt auch, die Werkstücke vor dem Ende der Umwandlung des Austenits in Bainit rasch auf Raumtemperatur abzukühlen und nach einer kurzen Haltedauer auf Raumtemperatur anschließend kurzzeitig anzulassen.The DE 10 2004 038 159 B3 also mentions that the workpieces should be rapidly cooled to room temperature before the end of the transformation of the austenite into bainite and then briefly left to room temperature after a brief holding period.

Mit diesen Verfahren wird zwar eine Eigenspannung im Druckbereich und ein niedriger Restaustenitgehalt erreicht, jedoch sinkt die erreichbare Härte auf etwa 58 bis 59 HRC und damit auf Werte, die geringer sind als die gemäß dem gelösten Kohlenstoff theoretisch erzielbaren Werte, ab. Diese Härte ist nicht für alle Anwendungszwecke ausreichend; z.B. bei Radlagern, bei denen sehr hohe Flächenpressungen auftreten, reicht die erzielbare Härte und die damit verfügbare Festigkeit des so behandelten Stahls nicht zufrieden stellend aus.With Although this method is an internal stress in the pressure range and achieves a low retained austenite content, but the achievable hardness decreases about 58 to 59 HRC, and thus to values that are lower than that according to the dissolved carbon theoretically achievable values. This hardness is not for all purposes sufficient; e.g. in wheel bearings where very high surface pressures occur, the achievable hardness and the available strength ranges of the steel thus treated is not satisfactory.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, ein Verfahren bereit zu stellen, mit dem die durch die Wärmebehandlung erzielbare Härte in den Randbereichen des behandelten Werkstückes höher ist und wenigstens 60 HRC beträgt.task The invention is therefore to provide a method, with that by the heat treatment achievable hardness is higher in the peripheral areas of the treated workpiece and at least 60 HRC is.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß dadurch, dass die Wärmebehandlung zweistufig durchgeführt wird, wobei das Werkstück von der Austenitisierungstemperatur ausgehend zunächst in einem Salzbad mit einem Mindestgehalt von 0,5 bis maximal 2 Volumen-% Wasser und mit einer Temperatur leicht unterhalb der Martensit-Starttemperatur abgeschreckt und solange gehalten wird, bis ein Temperaturausgleich eingetreten ist und anschließend in ein zweites Bad umgesetzt wird, dessen Temperatur geringfügig über der Martensit-Starttemperatur liegt und dort gehalten wird.Is solved this object according to the invention by that the heat treatment carried out in two stages is where the workpiece starting from the austenitizing temperature, initially in a salt bath with a minimum content of 0.5 to a maximum of 2% by volume Water and quenched at a temperature slightly below the martensite start temperature and held until a temperature compensation occurred is and then is converted into a second bath whose temperature is slightly above the Martensite start temperature is and is held there.

Bei der Abschreckung in der ersten Stufe wird die Abschrecktemperatur entsprechend der Formel von Koistinen-Marburger (Vol% Martensit = 1 – exp(–1,10 × 0,001(Ms – T)) eingestellt. Hierbei bezeichnet Ms die Martensit-Starttemperatur und T die Abschrecktemperatur.at the quenching in the first stage becomes the quenching temperature according to the formula of Koistinen-Marburger (Vol% Martensit = 1 - exp (-1.10 x 0.001 (Ms - T)). Here, Ms denotes the martensite start temperature and T the quenching temperature.

Die Temperatur des Salzbades der ersten Stufe sollte bei etwa 180-210°C und die Temperatur des Bades der zweiten Stufe sollte bei etwa 220-240°C liegen.The Temperature of the first stage salt bath should be around 180-210 ° C and the Temperature of the second stage bath should be about 220-240 ° C.

Nach einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann die restliche Umwandlung auch dadurch beschleunigt werden, dass die Temperatur etwas gesteigert wird oder das Werkstück wird abgekühlt und angelassen. Diese Maßnahmen werden bevorzugt ergriffen, nach einer Haltedauer des Werkstücks von ca. einer Stunde in dem zweiten Bad.To An embodiment of the invention may be the remainder of the conversion also be accelerated by the fact that the temperature increased slightly or the workpiece is cooled and tempered. These measures are preferably taken after a holding time of the workpiece of about one hour in the second bath.

Es hat sich gezeigt, dass sich mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Wärmebehandlungsverfahren Werkstückeigenschaften erzielen lassen, die Druckeigenspannungen im Randbereich von –50MPa bis –300MPa und Härten von wenigstens 60,5 HRC erbringen.It has been shown that with the heat treatment process according to the invention Workpiece characteristics can be achieved, the residual compressive stresses in the edge region of -50MPa to -300MPa and hardening of at least 60.5 HRC.

Claims (5)

Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung von Wälzlagerbauteilen aus durchgehärtetem, bainitischem Wälzlagerstahl mit Druckeigenspannungen im Randbereich und einem Martensitanteil von höchstens 10% sowie einem Restaustenitanteil von höchstens 3%, bei dem – die Wärmebehandlung zweistufig durchgeführt wird, – wobei das Werkstück von der Austenitisierungstemperatur ausgehend zunächst in einem Salzbad, dem mindestens 0,5 % und maximal 2 % Wasser zugesetzt wurden, und das eine Temperatur leicht unterhalb der Martensit-Starttemperatur aufweist, abgeschreckt und solange gehalten wird, bis ein Temperaturausgleich eingetreten ist und – wobei das Werkstück anschließend in ein zweites Bad, dessen Temperatur geringfügig über der Martensit-Starttemperatur liegt, umgesetzt und über der Martensit-Starttemperatur gehalten wird.Process for the heat treatment of rolling bearing components made of through hardened, bainitic bearing steel with residual compressive stresses in the edge region and a martensite content of not more than 10% and a residual austenite content of not more than 3%, in which The heat treatment is carried out in two stages, the workpiece being quenched from the austenitizing temperature initially in a salt bath to which at least 0.5% and at most 2% of water have been added and which has a temperature slightly below the martensite start temperature, quenched and held until a temperature equalization has occurred and the workpiece is subsequently transferred to a second bath whose temperature is slightly above the martensite start temperature and maintained above the martensite start temperature. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Temperatur des Salzbades in der ersten Stufe bei 180-210°C liegt.The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the Salt bath in the first stage at 180-210 ° C is. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Temperatur des Bades in der zweiten Stufe bei 220-240°C liegt.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature the bath in the second stage is 220-240 ° C. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei eine restliche Umwandlung in der zweiten Stufe durch eine Temperatursteigerung des Bades beschleunigt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a residual Conversion in the second stage by an increase in temperature the bath is accelerated. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei eine restliche Umwandlung nach der zweiten Stufe durch Abkühlen des Werkstückes und Anlassen erfolgt.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a residual Conversion after the second stage by cooling the workpiece and Starting is done.
DE200610059050 2006-12-14 2006-12-14 Process for the heat treatment of rolling bearing components made of through hardened, bainitic bearing steel Withdrawn DE102006059050A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200610059050 DE102006059050A1 (en) 2006-12-14 2006-12-14 Process for the heat treatment of rolling bearing components made of through hardened, bainitic bearing steel
PCT/DE2007/002188 WO2008071157A2 (en) 2006-12-14 2007-12-04 Method for the heat treatment of antifriction bearing components of fully hardened, austempered antifriction bearing steel

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012202902A1 (en) * 2012-02-27 2013-08-29 Aktiebolaget Skf Manufacturing electric motor assembly for electric vehicle comprising bearing arrangement, comprises hardening bearing ring and rolling body and tempering such that bearing rings and rolling bodies have specific amount of residual austenite
EP3511088A1 (en) * 2018-01-16 2019-07-17 SFS Intec Holding AG Elevating screw
EP3597779A1 (en) 2018-07-18 2020-01-22 Volkswagen AG High-strength steering pinion
DE102021132703A1 (en) 2021-01-08 2022-07-14 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Process for manufacturing a rolling bearing component
WO2022148510A1 (en) 2021-01-08 2022-07-14 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Method for producing a rolling bearing component
DE102022111455A1 (en) 2021-05-21 2022-11-24 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Method for producing a rolling bearing component, rolling bearing component and rolling bearing
WO2022242793A1 (en) 2021-05-21 2022-11-24 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Method for producing a rolling element bearing component, rolling element bearing component, and rolling element bearing

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FR2940186A1 (en) 2008-12-22 2010-06-25 Michelin Soc Tech BOURRELET OF TIRE
GB2535782A (en) * 2015-02-27 2016-08-31 Skf Ab Bearing Steel
CN111411203B (en) * 2020-04-15 2021-09-10 沈阳工业大学 Method for obtaining 8Cr4Mo4V steel and optimizing quenching process
CN113416832B (en) * 2021-06-11 2022-07-08 武汉理工大学 High-strength-toughness complex-phase heat treatment method for aeroengine bearing
CN114921637A (en) * 2022-05-11 2022-08-19 温州为尚机械有限公司 Bearing part heat treatment method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012202902A1 (en) * 2012-02-27 2013-08-29 Aktiebolaget Skf Manufacturing electric motor assembly for electric vehicle comprising bearing arrangement, comprises hardening bearing ring and rolling body and tempering such that bearing rings and rolling bodies have specific amount of residual austenite
EP3511088A1 (en) * 2018-01-16 2019-07-17 SFS Intec Holding AG Elevating screw
EP3597779A1 (en) 2018-07-18 2020-01-22 Volkswagen AG High-strength steering pinion
DE102018212009A1 (en) 2018-07-18 2020-01-23 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft High strength steering pinion
DE102021132703A1 (en) 2021-01-08 2022-07-14 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Process for manufacturing a rolling bearing component
WO2022148510A1 (en) 2021-01-08 2022-07-14 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Method for producing a rolling bearing component
DE102022111455A1 (en) 2021-05-21 2022-11-24 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Method for producing a rolling bearing component, rolling bearing component and rolling bearing
WO2022242793A1 (en) 2021-05-21 2022-11-24 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Method for producing a rolling element bearing component, rolling element bearing component, and rolling element bearing

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WO2008071157A3 (en) 2009-05-14

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