DE102006052004B4 - Method for monitoring an area with risk of entrapment and anti-trap device - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for monitoring a region (A, B, C, D) having at least two parts (3, 5, 6, 7, 8) which can be moved under the risk of entrapment,
wherein the surveillance area (A, B, C, D) is constructed with an electromagnetic wave field (16) generated by at least one transmitter (12) and by at least one receiver (12) in the form of reflections or backscatters to detect partial shadowing partially absorbed by an intruding object,
wherein on the movable parts (3, 5, 6, 7, 8) at least one transponder (13) is arranged, which deflects the energy of the electromagnetic wave field from the transmitter partially into the receiver.

Description

The The present invention relates to a method of monitoring an area with at least two to each other under Einklemmgefahr moving parts and a anti-trap device.

From the DE 197 23 974 A1 For example, there is known a method of preventing the pinching of a solid and a pinch prevention system in which a motor-driven device for closing an opening in a motor vehicle such as a door window, a sunroof or the like detects a foreign object in the opening by a detector beam switched off or switched to a reversing mode. In this method, the direction of the detector beam is continuously changed such that the detector beam travels over the region of the closing edge of the opening to be closed, so that, as a result, the entire opening area to be closed is swept over. For this purpose, the anti-pinch system has a deflection means for deflecting the detector beam, with which the direction of the detector beam is continuously variable. In one embodiment, a reflective film in the region of the closing edge and an upper door pillar is mounted so that in an undisturbed operating case, ie without occurrence of a foreign body in the opening to be closed, at least a portion of the reflected light is reflected back to a receiving part of the electro-optical device , For this purpose, the electro-optical device comprises an emitter and a receiver device, wherein the emitter device emits a fine laser beam generated in a laser diode.

Furthermore, from the DE 102 48 762 B4 a motor vehicle with a mobile top, wherein a control device for controlling a top movement comprises a detection device, which has a sensor for detecting an engagement in a movement space of a top mechanism. The proposed sensor operates on different measurement principles and accordingly includes image sensors, light emitting and receiving sensors, capacitive sensors and current sensors to convert after detection of a fault or the detection of a pinching the top movement in a safety mode from which the top movement optionally continued at reduced speed , stopped or reversed. The various sensor systems ensure that no mutual interference of the sensors occurs and in a pinching situation in each case one of the parallel systems triggers an intervention in time.

From the DE 10 2004 061 578 A1 a vehicle antislip device with at least two sensor arrangements is known, which acts to switch over into a pinch-preventing operating mode, if signals originating from both sensor arrangements differ from one another by a minimum value.

From the WO 01/56142 A1 a method is known for monitoring an area with a danger of entrapment, wherein the surveillance area is constructed with an electromagnetic wave field generated by at least one transmitter and by at least one receiver in the form of reflections or backscatters to detect partial shadowing by an intruder The article is partially received, wherein the transmitter and the receiver are arranged on the movable part, and on the immovable part, a reflector is arranged, which deflects the energy of the electromagnetic wave field from the transmitter partially into the receiver.

From the DE 10140930 C1 a method is known for monitoring an area with a risk of entrapment of a part, wherein on the movable part of a transponder is arranged, which deflects the energy of an electromagnetic wave field generated by a transmitter partially in the receiver. The electromagnetic field is used only for energy transfer between transponder and transmitter / receiver. A trapping case is detected there by means of a tactile sensor, which then generates a short circuit in the transponder. The associated interruption of the energy emitted by the transponder is detected in the receiver.

task The present invention is a method and a corresponding Device of the type mentioned for even safer detection to develop a trapping situation under the simplification of the structure, that for Water and / or road vehicles can be used.

These Task is characterized by the features of the independent claims respectively solved. Advantageous developments are the subject of the respective subclaims.

According to the invention, a method for monitoring an area having at least two parts which can be trapped under one another is characterized in that the area is covered in the manner of a curtain by an electromagnetic field generated by at least one transmitter and by at least one receiver for detecting attenuation and / or shading is partially absorbed. The use of elek Tronmagnetischer radiation or the use of micro wave technology offers over other sensor systems the advantage of a high reaction rate. A complex image processing, as required, for example, known optical camera or surveillance systems, is eliminated.

Accordingly a pinching protection device according to the invention is characterized characterized in that between at least two edge regions of a to be monitored A kind of curtain is stretched across the area essentially overstretched, this curtain being designed as an electromagnetic field, the at least one recipient and at least one transmitter for detecting an attenuation and / or Shadowing has. By specially shaped antennas, it is possible to To bundle detection area and in such a way that potential danger spots in particular also in complex movements with changing Pinch points continuously monitored become.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one reflector is provided in the electromagnetic field. By means of this reflector, the energy of the electromagnetic field is deflected in one exemplary embodiment and / or converted such that a deflected radiation can be unambiguously assigned to a respective reflector. For this purpose, preferably so-called. Backscatter filter or similar devices are used, as they are known as passive-acting modulators in the form of surface acoustic wave elements from other fields of technology, such as, inter alia, from DE 199 57 557 A1 for a vehicle identification system.

Preferably, a system according to the invention is operated in a frequency range in which an introduction of an additional dielectric causes a measurable detuning, in particular in the region of the transponder. With a relative permittivity ε _r of water of 74, blood of 63, adipose tissue of 10 to 15 at a measurement frequency in the UHF range of about 900 MHz, a human hand introduced into a monitoring area can thus be reliably detected.

In an embodiment invention, the reflector itself is designed as an active transponder, which cooperates with the at least one transmitter. Especially the active transponder is protected by the transmitter to protect the transponder only limited available switched on or activated electrical energy, d. H. from a Waking up only a small amount of energy consuming sleep state.

Preferably, at least one disc or transparent outer surface is designed as a passive reflector or active transponder. For the radio and mobile reception is known from various documents that, for example, a rear window heating is also used as an antenna. From the US 5,483,247 A Further, the use of a visible light visible in the visible FM slot antenna in a windshield is known. Based on this, according to the invention, reflectors or transponders are now provided in one or more glass surfaces or other transparent regions in order to make radio contact with at least one transmitter for forming an electromagnetic field spanned in the manner of a curtain in at least one phase of a more complex sequence of movements.

In an essential development of the invention is defined by Occurrence of distinguishable radio contacts tracking or tracking one Movement casserole, especially when moving hood and roof parts realized. The function of a pinch protection is completely preserved.

Preferably At least one radio encryption method will be used in the electromagnetic field used to be a total system against unintentional or intentional disorders protected by radio waves. So can from electromagnetic key lock systems and other known access requesting systems approaches also in a method according to the invention to get integrated.

following becomes an embodiment of a Device according to the invention with reference to the figures of the drawing for naming another Advantages and peculiarities further described. It show in sketched Shape:

1 a anti-trap device according to the invention in a multi-part folding roof of a passenger car;

2 : a detail view in the area of a cowl of the passenger car behind 1 ;

3 : a possible pinching situation and the operation of a anti-trap device according to 2 ;

4 a block diagram of an anti-trap device based on an RFID tag as a reflector in a curtain-like electromagnetic field;

5 : A block diagram of a anti-trap device based on active RFID tags as mutually sending and receiving units th in a curtain-like electromagnetic field analogous to the representation of 4 ;

6 and 7 a basic arrangements of possible Einklemmstellen in a more than two parts comprising folding roof for a passenger vehicle when opening.

following be over the mappings to be described for the same elements as well as elements the same function also uniformly same names selected.

In a principle known roof system in the form of a multi-part folding roof 1 or Retractable Hard Top badger, short RHT roof, of a passenger car only indicated in the presentation of 1 Anti-pinching devices according to the invention 2 arranged in the areas which have at least two to each other under Einklemmgefahr movable parts during movement of top / roof parts. A region A indicates the space between a roof element 3 a rooftop and a cowl 4 A region B denotes a region between the roof element 3 and another roof element 5 an area C marks the space between the roof element 5 and the linkage 6 and a region D finally designates an area between bar elements 7 . 8th of the linkage 6 , In the presence of occupants or bystanders, all of these areas individually represent a risk of trapping caused by anti-trap devices according to the invention 2 be monitored to activate in the event of detection of a foreign body in these areas each have a safety program, as is known in the art in the form of a slowdown or even an immediate stopping any further movement to a motion reversal.

A roof system 1 that in the in 1 indicated manner from a hood frame 6 as well as roof elements 3 . 5 is made of metal, plastic or fabric, is equipped by means of a radio technology based on high-frequency electromagnetic waves in the HF or UHF range, so as to detect the presence of body parts or a potential Einklemmfalls that between relatively movable elements 3 - 8th defined monitoring areas A-D are constructed with wave fields that are disturbed by a foreign body or are sensitive to its presence. It is in addition to at least one anti-trap device in each of the areas A-D 2 provided that generates a curtain-like field of at least one active transmitting and receiving unit or TxRx unit and at least one passive or active transponder as a counterpart.

2 shows a structure of an embodiment of such an anti-trap device 2 in a detail view of the roof system 1 in the area A between the cowl 4 and roof top 3 for the passenger vehicle 1 , Under a seal 10 is in the area of the cowl 4 a dipole antenna 11 a transmitter and receiver unit or TxRx unit 12 , A surrounding metallic shield through the sheets of the cowl 4 causes beam shaping so that from the antenna 11 emitted electromagnetic waves substantially to a rooftop of the roof element 3 get executed. The antenna design of TxRx-Unit 12 and transponders 13 is designed so that an elongated as possible, but at the same time narrow radio curtain between the two relatively movable roof elements, so that a secure sensor field for detecting a pinching situation arises. For this purpose, in particular a diagrammatically indicated dipole design is used.

In even higher-frequency operating systems is in a not further illustrated embodiment, for bundling the radiation and for shaping the radiation characteristics of the participating antenna, so to optimize the sensor curtain, in addition a kind of microwave lens, z. B. of PTFE or Teflon or other plastics used. This can, depending on the embodiment, as the outermost layer of the systems used on the roof elements or components of the overall system 2 be applied.

In the manner indicated, in the present exemplary embodiment, the aim is to integrate transmitters and / or receivers or microwave-sensitive components in a sealing profile or part comprising two or more components and transponders 13 and / or TxRx unit 12 be used as antennas.

At the rooftop of the roof element 3 are in the execution after 2 two passive transponders acting purely as reflectors 13 arranged. A transponder 13 is a wireless communication device that picks up incoming signals and responds automatically. The term transponder is composed of the English words transmitter and responder. Among the passive transponders used here 13 One understands systems that obtain a required for the communication and the execution of internal processes energy exclusively from an electromagnetic field, by the read / write unit or transmitting and receiving unit 12 is fed. Passive transponders thus work without any external forces and have an unlimited lifespan from the energy side. In the present case roof elements are provided with space-saving transponders by the transmission frequency are supplied with energy and in turn send back response signals or transmit data. The transponders have the nature of RFID tags on a self-adhesive, thin, foil-like design.

In the picture of 3 is a possible Einklemmsituation and the operation of a anti-trap device 2 to 2 outlined. In addition a body part protrudes 14 of a human into the area A inside. Due to the different size of the relative electricity number ε _r is between the transmitting and receiving unit 12 and the reflectors 13 built-up electromagnetic sensor curtain disturbed. From the transceiver unit 12 This fault is detected as partial shading or detuning and sent to a controller 15 passed on to trigger appropriate security measures.

The transmitting and receiving unit or TxRx unit 12 is preferably simultaneously with multiple transponders 13 in radio contact. In this case, so-called bulk capture in a quasi-logistic process serves to automatically detect the transponders without cost-causing singling by being read by radio without being touched. A suitable protocol makes it possible to address the tags individually and also to program them individually. The time required for this increases with a higher number of tags, but is also well below one second even with very many transponders in the applications discussed above. The transmitting and receiving unit knows in advance how many and which transponders should be in radio contact with it. With a larger number of transponders in the radio field, in the event that a transponder is not recognized due to shielding effects or unfavorable orientation to the antenna as a result of bending, a resolution predefined by the number of transponders will result in a clutter with location information.

The Reading the transponder is done using an anti-collision method carried out, such as B. Time division multiple access TDMA. Derived from the field of computer networks, in one embodiment the invention also used the so-called. ALOHA protocol. in this connection it is a stochastic access procedure in one Network without channel scan. Furthermore, a tree walking method can be used be one at Radio Frequency Identification RFID on the Air interface used anti-collision method for bulk detection a multitude of transponders, which function according to the principle of so-called binary Baum's works. This asks a reader or a transmitting and receiving unit the address space of the transponder identification numbers from. In the search, the address space is narrowed further until ultimately only a specific transponder responds. In order to For example, a variety of transponders can be selectively examined for shadowing to prevent pinching detect.

The block diagram of a anti-trap device of 4 shows again that based on an RFID tag as a reflector 13 in a curtain-like electromagnetic field 16 under the influence of an external disturbance running procedures. In the field of control 15 is also a top control with power supply and control and evaluation unit for the electromagnetic field of the sensor curtain 16 arranged. Via a directional coupler 17 becomes a transmission power Tx to the antenna 11 cleverly. The radiated energy is partly from corresponding antennas 18 the purely passive acting as reflectors transponder 13 recorded, in a logic 19 converted and radiated again. As reception power Rx, energy is partly received by the antenna 11 taken and over the directional coupler 17 selectively to the controller 15 returned for evaluation. A body part 14 of a human now disturbs the electromagnetic field of the sensor curtain 16 , this fault is called signal attenuation Rx 'in the controller 15 detects and triggers appropriate countermeasures.

5 shows a block diagram of an anti-trap device 2 based on active RFID tags that act as mutually transmitting and receiving units in a curtain-like electromagnetic field analogous to the representation of 4 Act. In this application example, in addition to complex signal coding in corresponding logic circuits 19 in the area of the transmitting and receiving device 12 To protect against unwanted external influence and higher energy densities feasible. To optimize the sensor field 16 In one embodiment, without further graphical representation, an electronic hybrid or a hybrid of TxRx unit 12 and active transponder 13 used.

During one Movement, ie after activation of the radio system, the Send and receive frequency once, multiple or continuous changed. This will be disturbing influences minimized and / or made the system more sensitive, using the method in a manner not shown z. B. also using at least one integrated sensor is temperature-dependent, to fundamental temperature influences to be able to compensate. The functions of sender and receiver are also cyclically exchanged.

The pictures of the 6 and 7 show a basic arrangement of possible Einklemmstel len with required surveillance areas A, B, C and D in a more than two parts comprising folding roof for a passenger car. Here are radiation characteristics of transmitter and receiver units 12 and associated active or passive transponders 13 drawn by way of example, with which a desired curtain-like trained electromagnetic sensor field is constructed. Arrows indicate a direction of a potential risk of pinching per monitoring area A-D. The transceiver units 12 have a radiation characteristic averted from the heads of occupants, so that the comparatively higher radiant power is not directed into the passenger compartment. Only the associated receive and transmit characteristics of the transponder 13 is directed with a narrow lobe in the passenger compartment, that builds over a predetermined range of movement of the elements of the convertible top, a reliable sensor field between these elements. So comes depending on the state of motion, in particular, the surface of a rear window 20 , or a side window, roof sliding element or other transparent cover or cover, as a transmitting and receiving unit or transponder into consideration. For this purpose, it is usually possible to use a pane heater which is usually present, or else a separately applied, transparent and metallically conductive structure in one or more glass or plastic panes.

It is in this embodiment a microwave transmission frequency in an RF or UHF frequency band and in particular to a frequency from> 13.56 MHz, so that reliable on error can be reacted by water or metal-containing objects.

In a not further illustrated embodiment of the invention an anti-trap device extended so that of a mobile communication device, in particular a mobile phone, from information to the particular RFID based anti-trap protection will be sent. This can do this Pinching protection in a training also be queried, preferably in the form of an automatic notification and, in particular, if at least one of the transponders with integrated micro / nano sensors for temperature measurement and / or temperature difference measurements between Vehicle interior and -außenraum fitted. Such automatic notifications are in particular then provided if z. B. a system error or damage present on a component or sensor, or because z. B. the seals in an exceptional case z. B. are so iced in winter that a correct Function of the anti-trap is problematic and the anti-trap device therefore excluded from the system itself Force was set.

In summary it should be noted that in the context of the present invention RFID technology known methods and devices for the construction an effective anti-trap with an objective used which is contrary to known applications: In known Situations are in an undisturbed state or without risk of entrapment Disturbances known from RFID technology used to a possible Pinching situation very early to recognize. This is despite the use of RF or UHF frequencies built a near field in the range of a few centimeters, which is the Situation especially of a metallic environment in a moving Vehicle roof meets so far that a detection of a possible Einklemmsituation is certainly feasible.

The Based on a proven in practice technology under modified Boundary conditions is for a quick implementation in the production advantageous, since on well-known solutions and products used in the market can be. In the known solutions is sure that moisture and pollution have no effect on their functionality have, even with long-term use Not. A temperature resistance is frequency dependent and so that it can be regulated if necessary.

The comparatively simple application of adhesive labels as RFID tags can unlock further cost benefits, including a use passive transponder or reflectors is possible, so no energy supply need and thus are very durable. It's a high grade Freedom of integration and design freedom at considerably extended functionality given.

By a sensor field in the UHF range is in particular relative movement roof elements a monitoring even more reliable. A TxRx unit can be used during contact the top movement one after the other to different tags, So activate and read. That is, successively different Terminal points can be detected. A TxRx unit can also during the movement of the hood simultaneously to contact different tags, so activate and read. With that you can also different terminal points are monitored simultaneously.

It is thus possible to expand to an intelligent sensor system based on the present invention. The reflectors and thus different top positions can be recognized individually, since they can be equipped with intelligence in an IC, among other things. Reflectors can also be arranged in the area of panes so that existing components can be used several times at low additional integration costs nen, these components also have a greater distance to any interfering sheet metal parts.

The The present concept already recognizes the presence of body parts at the respective terminal points and is in contrast to the other systems not just rely on a movement. Only one in comparison essential more elaborate Image processing could that also afford, with an anti-pinch system presented above high data transmission and thus also has high reaction rates.

1

Roof System / multipart Folding roof

2

anti-trap

3

Roof element / rooftop

4

cowl

5

roof element

6

linkage

7

Rod element of the linkage 6

8th

Rod element of the linkage 6

9

roof element

10

poetry

11

antenna

12

Send- and receiver unit or TxRx unit

13

transponder

14

body part

15

control

16

electromagnetic Field as sensor curtain

17

directional coupler

18

antenna

19

logic

20

rear window

A

Area between roof element 4 and cowl

B

Area between roof element 4 and roof element 5

C

Area between roof element 5 and linkage 6

D

Area between bar elements 7 . 8th

Tx

transmission energy

Rx

receive power

Rx '

signal-weakened reception power (Of pinching!)

ε _r

relative electricity number

Claims (9)

Method for monitoring an area (A, B, C, D) with at least two parts which can be trapped under the risk of entrapment ( 3 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8th ), wherein the monitoring area (A, B, C, D) with an electromagnetic wave field ( 16 ) is established by at least one transmitter ( 12 ) and at least one receiver ( 12 ) in the form of reflections or backscatters for the detection of partial shading by an intruding object, whereby on the moving parts ( 3 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8th ) at least one transponder ( 13 ) which diverts the energy of the electromagnetic wave field from the transmitter partially into the receiver. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy of the electromagnetic wave field ( 16 ) is diverted and transformed. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that a redirected radiation to a respective transponder ( 13 ) can be clearly assigned. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for deflecting electromagnetic radiation passively acting modulators ( 13 ) are used in the form of surface wave elements, in particular so-called. back-scatter filter. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the electromagnetic wave field ( 16 ) at least one radio encryption method is used. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a tracking or tracking of a movement casserole is realized by the defined occurrence of distinguishable radio contacts, in particular when moving hood / roof parts ( 3 . 5 . 9 ) of a passenger vehicle. Anti-pinching device for implementing a method according to one of the preceding claims. Anti-trap device according to one of the preceding claims 7-8, by characterized in that at least one disc or transparent outer surface as passive reflector or active transponder is formed, in particular a disk heater contained therein. Anti-trap device according to one of the preceding claims 7-9, by characterized in that they are for use in concealed, openable roofs or Roof shells for Water and / or road vehicles adapted trained.