DE102006045044B3 - Method and controller for controlling a continuously variable electric transmission - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for controlling a continuously variable electric transmission comprises the following steps: For the time being, a first setpoint value (T <SUB> it </ SUB>) and a second setpoint value (T <SUB> ot </ SUB>) are preset, actual values of the angular velocities of Rotor (omega <SUB> 1 </ SUB>) and interrotor (omega <SUB> 2 </ SUB>) are detected, at least one actual value of a temperature (theta) of the rotor or the stator is detected, from the setpoint values for the first ( T <SUB> it </ SUB>) and second (T <SUB> ot </ SUB>) torque and the actual values of the angular velocities of the rotor (omega <SUB> 1 </ SUB>) and the inter-rotor (omega <SUB> 2 </ SUB>) and the at least one actual value (theta) of a temperature, a loss-minimizing first (lambda <SUB> in the </ SUB>) and second (lambda <SUB> om </ SUB>) target flow value are calculated and rotor current (I <SUB> r </ SUB>) and stator current (I <SUB> s </ SUB>) are calculated using a field-oriented current control method, and to this end, the first and second target-loss-minimizing loss fluxes become value (lambda <SUB> in </ SUB>, lambda <SUB> om </ SUB>). A controller for controlling a continuously variable electric transmission contains: Inputs for rotary angular speeds (omega <SUB> 1 </ SUB>), (omega <SUB> 2 </ SUB>), at least one temperature actual value (theta) and a calculation block for Calculation of a loss-minimum first target flow (lambda <SUB> in </ SUB>) and second target flow (lambda <SUB> om </ SUB>) from the setpoint values for first torque (T <SUB> it </ SUB> ) and the second torque (T <SUB> ot </ SUB>) and the actual values of the angular velocities of the rotor (omega <SUB> 1 </ SUB>) and the inter-rotor (omega <SUB> 2 </ SUB>) and a temperature -Istwert (theta) and a field-oriented ...

Description

The The invention relates to a method and a controller for controlling a stepless electrical transmission.

One stepless electric transmission (Electric Variable Transmission, EVT), is e.g. from "Hoeijmakers, M.J., Ferreira, J.A., The Electrical Variable Transmission, Delft Univ. of Tech., IEEE 2004 ". An EVT is an electric machine that consists of two electromagnetic coupled asynchronous machines - below Rotor ASM and stator ASM called - consists. Such a transmission can e.g. in a motor vehicle clutch, circuit, starter and Replace generator.

in the Operation of a single, conventional asynchronous machine fall due to high magnetic fluxes in the components of Stator and rotor, such as the magnetizable sheets or the Conductors of a winding or a cage, which is a warming and thus a reduction in the efficiency of the entire machine have as a consequence. In the field-oriented control (field oriented control, FOC) of asynchronous machines, this relationship is common considered by specifying the amplitude of the magnetic flux, the FOC for example the operation case of maximum load, i. for a maximum to be driven Torque on the shaft is optimized, so for this Operating case, the efficiency is maximum. For operating cases lower torque on the shaft is the amplitude statically predetermined in this way of the magnetic flux i.d.R. too high and the efficiency therefore lower.

For asynchronous machines, especially for asynchronous motors is for example from "Cucej, Z., Borojevic, D., Input power minimization at value fed induction motor drive system with FOC by field weakening, University of Maribor, Slovenia, IEEE 1997 "or" Dilmi, S., Yurkovich, S., Nonlinear Torque Control of the Induction Motor in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Applications, 2005 American Control Conference, USA, 2005 "for the application in hybrid vehicles, but in particular to increase the efficiency, a loss minimum, steady flow specification dependent on from torque using a discrete, precalculated flow values known. According to "Mendes, E., Baba, A., Razek, A., Losses Minimization of a Field Oriented Controlled Induction Machine, Electrical Machines and Drives, Conference Publication, 1995 "points, however a stationary one Flow control has the disadvantage that these are subject to major changes over time from angular velocity or torque may be too inaccurate.

Also in stepless electric transmission falls on the individual asynchronous machine comparable way power dissipation in components of the rotor ASM and stator ASM and reduces the efficiency of the transmission. Rotor ASM and stator ASM, however, are electromagnetic via the interrotor strongly coupled with each other, so the above regulatory procedure for the Asynchronous machine are not applicable to the EVT and no the Power loss minimizing and efficiency-increasing controller for a continuously variable electric transmission is known.

task It is therefore an improved control method of the present invention and an improved controller for specify a continuously variable electric transmission (EVT).

With regard to the method, the object is achieved by a control method according to claim 1, wherein the controlled stepless electric transmission comprises: two coupled asynchronous machines, namely a rotor ASM whose rotor or rotor winding (or rotor cage) for generating a first electromagnetic field with a rotor current (I _r ) is fed, and a stator ASM whose stator or stator winding (or stator cage) for generating a second electromagnetic field with a stator current (I _s ) is fed. Both asynchronous machines are coupled via a first and second electromagnetic field interacting interrotor. The interrotor includes first and second cages for guiding first (I _i ) and second (I _o ) magnetization currents induced by first and second electromagnetic fields. Rotor and interrotor cooperate here via a first flux (λ _i ) or a first electrical torque (T _i ) and interrotor and stator via a second flux (λ _o ) or a second electrical torque (T _o ).

For carrying out the control method, a first desired value (T _it ) for the first torque (T _i ) and a second desired value (T _ot ) for the second torque (T _o ) are specified or determined and the actual values of the angular speeds of the rotor or rotor shaft (ω ₁ ) and interrotor or interrotor shaft (ω ₂ ), as well as at least one actual value (θ) of a temperature of rotor or stator. From T _it , T _ot , ω ₁ , ω ₂ and θ, a loss minimum first target flux (λ _im ) and a loss minimum second target flux (λ _om ) are calculated.

When setting the desired flow (λ _im ) in the inner air gap between the rotor and the interrotor and the target flow (λ _om ) in the air gap between the rotor and stator, the transmission is under the specified torques, speeds and temperatures with almost optimal efficiency operable and the mechanical work is carried out at the lowest possible Ver performance of the transmission performed. The magnetic fluxes in said air gaps can be generated by impressing the rotor current (I _r ) in the rotor winding and the stator current (I _s ) in the stator winding. These currents are therefore calculated in the control method according to the invention so that the setpoint flux (λ _im ) in the inner air gap between rotor and interrotor and the desired flux (λ _om ) in the outer air gap between the interrotor and stator adjusts for said operating data. For this purpose, an adapted for the EVT, field-oriented flow control method is used, which consists of the be expected loss minimum target fluxes (λ _im ) and (λ _im ), the target values to be achieved (T _it ) and (T _ot ) of the torques (T _i ) and (T _o ), the actual values of the angular velocities of rotor (ω ₁ ) and stator (ω ₂ ) and at least one temperature actual value (θ) of rotor or stator, the currents I _r and I _s calculated. It is also possible to determine a plurality of actual temperature values of rotor (θ ₁ ) and stator (θ ₂ ) and to include them in a calculation or control step of the calculation.

in the Contrary to methods for controlling conventional single asynchronous machines is in this way in addition the electromagnetic coupling between rotor ASM and stator ASM considered. As a result, a loss-minimal control of the continuously variable electric Gear achieved.

• – die zeitlichen Änderungen
  
  bzw.
  
  der Sollwerte für erstes (T_it) und zweites Drehmoment (T_ot) oder
• – die zeitlichen Änderungen
  
  bzw.
  
  der Istwerte der Winkelgeschwindigkeiten des Rotors (ω₁) und des Interrotors (ω₂) in die Berechnung der verlustminimalen Flüsse (λ_im) und (λ_om) eingehen. Diese zeitlichen Änderungen können im Rahmen des Regelungsverfahrens gemäß einer Differentiationsvorschrift berechnet werden. Sofern sie bereits in anderen oder zentralen Erfassungs- oder Regelungseinrichtungen der Maschine ermittelt werden, können die Komponenten zur Durchführung des Regelungsverfahrens, also z.B. die Werte der o.g. Ableitungen, auch als Eingangsgrößen übermittelt werden, beispielsweise über einen CAN-Bus (Controller Area Network).

For better consideration of the dynamic performance of the transmission can

• - the temporal changes
  
  respectively.
  
  the setpoints for first (T _it ) and second torque (T _ot ) or
• - the temporal changes
  
  respectively.
  
  the actual values of the angular velocities of the rotor (ω ₁ ) and of the inter-rotor (ω ₂ ) are included in the calculation of the loss-minimizing fluxes (λ _im ) and (λ _om ). These temporal changes can be calculated in the context of the regulatory procedure according to a differentiation rule. If they are already determined in other or central detection or control devices of the machine, the components for carrying out the control method, ie, for example, the values of the above derivations, can also be transmitted as input variables, for example via a CAN bus (Controller Area Network).

The calculation of, for example, the loss minimum desired flow values (λ _im ) or (λ _om ) can be accelerated by using an allocation table. Such an allocation table may comprise linking information between discrete values of one or more input variables and discrete desired flow values, currents, or between auxiliary variables required for the calculation. The contents of the allocation table can be determined by simulation or measurement and analysis at any time on a comparable transmission, a model or a computer and stored in the controller or a calculation block.

In the simplest case, the calculation of loss-minimum desired flow values (λ _im ) or (λ _om ) is completely based on an assignment table, which setpoints (T _it , T _ot ) for first and second torque (T _i , T _o ), actual values of the angular velocities of rotor (ω _i ) and stator (ω ₂ ) and actual values of at least one temperature (θ) of the rotor or stator. The values contained in the table may, for example, have been obtained from simulation results.

Alternatively, the calculation of loss-minimum desired flow values (λ _im ) or (λ _om ) may be partially based on an allocation table, which setpoint values (T _it , T _ot ) for first and second torque (T _i , T _o ) and actual values of at least one temperature (θ) of rotor or stator.

There in a table usually discrete values can be captured, an interpolation for determination Deviating values (intermediate values) may be required.

Permissible limit values (usually maximum values) for a loss-minimum desired flux (λ _im ) or (λ _om ) can be dependent on one of the input variables of the calculation block, for example one of the angular velocities (ω ₁ ) or (ω ₂ ). The calculation of loss-minimum desired flow values (λ _im ) or (λ _om ) may include a multiplicative link to a flow-limiting function (f _Gr ) for this purpose. Such a flow limiting function may be dependent on at least one of the angular velocities of rotor (ω ₁ ) or stator (ω ₂ ). The flow limiting function (f _Gr ) can be defined above a Limit value (ω _G ) about reciprocal to an angular velocity (ω ₁ ) or (ω ₂ ) behave.

• – Eingänge für Sollwert (T_it) für erstes Drehmoment (T_i) und Sollwert (T_ot) für zweites Drehmoment (T_o),
• – Eingänge für Istwert der Winkelgeschwindigkeit von Rotor (ω₁) und Stator (ω₂),
• – zumindest einen Eingang für einen Istwert (ϑ) einer Temperatur von Rotor oder Stator,
• – einen Berechnungsblock zur Berechnung eines verlustminimalen ersten Soll-Flusses (λ_im) und zweiten Soll-Flusses (λ_om) aus den Sollwerten für erstes Drehmoment (T_it) und zweites Drehmoment (T_ot), sowie den Istwerten der Winkelgeschwindigkeiten des Rotors (ω₁) und des Interrotors (ω₂) und zumindest einem Temperatur-Istwert (ϑ), und
• – einen feldorientierten Stromregler zur Berechnung von Rotorstrom (I_r) und Statorstrom (I_s) zur Einprägung in Rotor- und Statorwicklung zur Erzeugung der magnetischen Flüsse, aus zumindest dem verlustminimalen ersten Soll-Fluss (λ_im) und dem verlustminimalen zweiten Soll-Fluss (λ_om).

With regard to the device, the object for a continuously variable electric transmission described above is achieved by a controller according to claim 9, which contains:

• Inputs for setpoint (T _it ) for first torque (T _i ) and setpoint (T _ot ) for second torque (T _o ),
• - inputs for actual value of the angular velocity of rotor (ω ₁ ) and stator (ω ₂ ),
• At least one input for an actual value ( θ ) a temperature of rotor or stator,
• A calculation block for calculating a loss-minimum first target flow (λ _in ) and second target flow (λ _om ) from the setpoint values for first torque (T _it ) and second torque (T _ot ), and the actual values of the angular speeds of the rotor ( ω ₁ ) and the inter-rotor (ω ₂ ) and at least one temperature actual value ( θ ), and
• - A field-oriented current controller for calculating rotor current (I _r ) and stator current (I _s ) for embossing in the rotor and stator winding for generating the magnetic fluxes, at least the loss minimum first target flux (λ _im ) and the loss minimum second target flux (λ _om ).

The Advantages of the regulator according to the invention were already explained in connection with the method according to the invention.

und

der Sollwerte (T_it, T_ot) für erstes zweites Drehmoment oder aber zu Ermittlung der zeitli chen Änderungen

und

der Istwerte (ω₁, ω₂) der Winkelgeschwindigkeiten des Rotors und des Interrotors erforderlich sein.The controller may include a differentiator of an input of the regulator. This can be used to calculate the changes over time

and

the setpoint values (T _it , T _ot ) for the first second torque or to determine the zeitli chen changes

and

the actual values (ω ₁ , ω ₂ ) of the angular velocities of the rotor and the inter-rotor are required.

und

der Sollwerte (T_it, T_ot) für erstes und zweites Drehmoment bzw. der zeitlichen Änderungen

und

entsprechende Eingänge aufweisen. Die Ableitungen müssen dann nicht im Regler gebildet werden, sondern können extern ermittelt und in den Regler eingespeist werden.The calculation block for calculating the loss-minimum desired flows (λ _im ) and (λ _om ) can be used to take into account the changes over time

and

the setpoint values (T _it , T _ot ) for the first and second torque or the time changes

and

have corresponding inputs. The derivatives need not be formed in the controller, but can be determined externally and fed into the controller.

Said calculation block can also have corresponding inputs for the actual values (ω ₁ ) and (ω ₂ ) of the angular velocities of the rotor and the inter-rotor.

Of the regulator according to the invention may contain an allocation unit, for example a table, which for a calculation step for determining loss-minimal flows usable is. Difficult, i. time consuming calculations in the controller so avoided.

For calculating the loss minimum desired flux (λ _im ) or (λ _om ), an interpolator may be present, which consists of the assignment of discrete numerical values, for example according to the allocation unit, eg the table, for an input value based on a one- or multi-dimensional interpolation determines an initial value.

Furthermore, a flow restrictor may be present, which ensures that a loss-minimum desired flux (λ _im ) or (λ _om ) does not exceed a limit value.

Of the regulator according to the invention can connections for connection to a fieldbus, for example a CAN bus (Controller Area Network) over the parameter between the controller and other components in the range sent to the EVT can be.

The The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings explained in more detail. It shows:

1 the block diagram of a continuously variable electric transmission (EVT) with integrated controller,

2 the block diagram of the calculation block 4 for loss-minimum nominal flows 1 .

3 the block diagram of an alternative calculation block 4 for minimum loss target rivers.

1 shows the block diagram of an inventive controlled transmission 1 , The gear 1 includes an actual continuously variable electric transmission (EVT) 2 , a field-oriented controller 3 , a calculation block 4 for loss-minimal flows (λ _im ) and (λ _om ) in the EVT 2 and optionally a torque limiter 5 ,

The EVT 2 has inputs for the rotor (I _r ) and the stator current (I _s ). The symbolically represented torques (T _i ) and (T _o ) representing the EVT 2 emits act on the rotor and interrotor shafts, not shown. The values of the torques can be supplied at two outputs of the EVT further components of a control circuit, not shown.

The field-oriented controller 3 has inputs (T _it ) and (T _ot ) for reference values of the torques (T _i ) and (T _o ), inputs (ω ₁ ) and (ω ₂ ) for angular velocities of rotor and interrotor and inputs (λ _im ) and (λ _om ) for loss minimum flow values.

The calculation block 4 includes, as well as in 2 shown, inputs (T _it ) and (T _ot ) for setpoint values of the torques (T _i ) and (T _o ), inputs (θ ₁ ) and (θ ₂ ) for actual values of the rotor and stator temperature (θ ₁ ) and (θ ₂ ), inputs (ω ₁ ) and (ω ₂ ) for angular velocities of rotor and interrotor and outputs (λ _im ) and (λ _om ) for loss minimum flow values (λ _im ) and (λ _om ).

In an alternative embodiment, the transmission contains 1 a torque limiter 5 , It has inputs (T _it ) and (T _ot ) for setpoint values of the torques (T _i ) and (T _o ), inputs (θ ₁ ) and (θ ₂ ) for actual values of the rotor and stator temperature and possibly other input variables and Outputs (T _itm ) and (T _otm ) for limited setpoint values of the torques (T _i ) and (T _o ).

The regulator 3 has inputs (T _it ) and (T _ot ) for torque reference, inputs (θ ₁ ) and (θ ₂ ) for actual rotor and stator temperatures, and inputs (ω ₁ ) and (ω ₂ ) for rotor and interrotor angular velocities and outputs for the torques (T _i ) and (T _o ). Each connection of the regulator 3 can be connected to a fieldbus, not shown here, such as a CAN bus.

The temperature inputs (θ ₁ ) and (θ ₂ ) of the gearbox 1 are with the identically named inputs of the calculation block 4 and the torque limiter 5 (optional) connected. The angular velocities (ω ₁ ) and (ω ₂ ) are from the same named inputs of the transmission 1 both on inputs of the calculation block 4 as well as the field-oriented controller 3 directed. The setpoints (T _it ) and (T _ot ) become optional torque limiter 5 which _supplies limited values (T _itm ) and (T _otm ) at the outputs designated by the same name. Without the limiter 5 there are the input values (T _it ) and (T _ot ). If the torque values (T _it ) and (T _ot ) are limited from the outset, the torque limiter can optionally be used 5 omitted and the lines (T _it ) and (T _ot ) correspond to the lines (T _itm ) and (T _otm ).

The lines (T _itm ) and (T _otm ) are connected to the inputs (T _it ) and (T _ot ) of the field-oriented controller 3 and the calculation block 4 connected. The from the calculation block 4 Loss-minimized fluxes (λ _im ) and (λ _om ) calculated from its input values are derived from the outputs of the same type in the calculation block 4 to inputs of the field-oriented regulator 3 directed.

The field-oriented controller 3 calculated from the data at its inputs rotor and stator current (I _r ) and (I _s ). The currents or control information for setting these currents is connected via identically named connections (I _r ) and (I _s ) between the field-oriented controller ( 3 ) and the EVT ( 2 ), so that the torques (T _i ) and (T _o ) on the waves of the EVT ( 2 ). The field-oriented controller uses simple measured variables (eg current, voltage) for flow control.

• – Eingänge (T_it) und (T_ot) für Sollwerte der Drehmomente (T_i) und (T_o),
• – Eingänge (ϑ₁) und (ϑ₂) für Istwerte der Rotor- und Statortemperatur, Eingänge (ω₁) und (ω₂) für Winkelgeschwindigkeiten von Rotor und Interrotor,
• – Eingänge
  
  und
  
  für die Änderung der Soll-Drehmomente (T_it) und (T_ot) bezogen auf die Zeit (dt),
• – Eingänge
  
  und
  
  für die Änderung der Winkelgeschwindigkeiten (ω₁) und (ω₂) bezogen auf die Zeit (dt).

3 shows an alternative calculation block 4 which includes further inputs:

• Inputs (T _it ) and (T _ot ) for nominal values of the torques (T _i ) and (T _o ),
• - Inputs (θ ₁ ) and (θ ₂ ) for actual values of the rotor and stator temperature, inputs (ω ₁ ) and (ω ₂ ) for angular velocities of rotor and interrotor,
• - inputs
  
  and
  
  for changing the setpoint torques (T _it ) and (T _ot ) with respect to the time (dt),
• - inputs
  
  and
  
  for changing the angular velocities (ω ₁ ) and (ω ₂ ) with respect to the time (dt).

The in the calculation block 4 The loss-minimized flow values (λ _im ) and (λ _om ) determined from the input variables are available at outputs (λ _im ) and (λ _om ) for transmission to further regulator components (not shown). One or more inputs and outputs may be in communication with a fieldbus, not shown.

Claims (16)

Method for controlling a continuously variable electric transmission, wherein the transmission comprises two coupled asynchronous machines, comprising: - a rotatable, with rotor current (I _r ) for generating a first electromagnetic field fed rotor, - one with stator current (I _s ) for generating a second an electromagnetic field susceptible stator, - an interrotor cooperating with first and second electromagnetic field, with a first and second cage for guiding by first and second electromagnetic field induced first (I _i ) and second (I _o ) magnetization currents, - wherein rotor and interrotor via a first flux (λ _i ) or a first electrical torque (T _i ) and interrotor and stator via a second flux (λ _o ) and a second electrical torque (T _o ) cooperate, comprising the following steps: T _i ) and second (T _o ) torque are a first setpoint (T _it ) and a second Sollw ert (T _ot ) given, - actual values of the angular velocities of rotor (ω ₁ ) and interrotor (ω ₂ ) are detected, - at least one actual value of a temperature (θ) of the rotor or the stator is detected, - from the setpoint values for first ( T _it ) and second (T _ot ) torque, and the actual values of the angular velocities of the rotor (ω ₁ ) and the inter-rotor (ω ₂ ) and the at least one actual value ( θ ) a temperature, a loss-minimized first (λ _in ) and second (λ _om ) target flow value are calculated and - rotor current (I _r ) and stator current (I _s ) are using first and second desired flow value (λ _im , λ _om ) is calculated with a field-oriented current control method, and impressed in the rotor and stator winding for generating the magnetic fluxes. The method of claim 1, wherein the temporal changes

and

the setpoint values for first (T _it ) and second torque (T _ot ) are determined and used in the calculation of the loss-minimum desired flows (λ _im ) and (λ _om ). Method according to Claim 1 or 2, in which the changes with time of the actual values of the angular speeds of the rotor

and the inter-rotor

be determined and used in the calculation of the loss minimum target flows (λ _im ) and (λ _om ). Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least a calculation step is performed based on an allocation table. Method according to claim 4, wherein first and second desired minimum loss flux values (λ _im , λ _om ) are determined with an allocation table, which set values for first and second torque (T _it , T _ot ), actual values of the rotor and stator angular speeds ( ω ₁ , ω ₂ ) and a temperature actual value ( θ ) and loss minimum desired flow values (λ _im , λ _om ). Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in a Calculation step is interpolated. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the calculation of loss-minimum desired flow values (λ _im , λ _om ) a multiplicative link with ei ner limiting function (f _Gr ) contains. The method of claim 7, wherein the limiting function of at least one of the angular velocities of the rotor and stator (ω ₁ , ω ₂ ) is dependent. Regulator for controlling a continuously variable electric transmission, wherein the transmission comprises two coupled asynchronous machines, comprising: - a rotatable rotor which can be fed with rotor current (I _r ) for generating a first electromagnetic field, - a stator which can be fed with stator current (I _s ) for generation a second electromagnetic field, - a first and second electromagnetic field interacting interrotor having first and second cages for guiding first and second electromagnetic field induced first (I _i ) and second (I _o ) magnetizing currents, wherein rotor and interrotor via a first flux (λ _i ) or a first electrical torque (T _i ) and interrotor and stator via a second flux (λ _o ) and a second electrical torque (T _o ) cooperate, and wherein the controller includes: - Inputs for setpoint (T _it ) for first torque (T _i ) and setpoint (T _ot ) for second Dr torque (T _o ), inputs for actual values of the angular velocity of rotor (ω ₁ ) and stator (ω ₂ ), inputs for at least one actual value ( θ ) a temperature of rotor or stator, - a calculation block for calculating a loss minimum first target flow (λ _in ) and second target flow (λ _om ) from the setpoint values for first torque (T _it ) and second torque (T _ot ), and the actual values of the angular velocities of the rotor (ω ₁ ) and the inter-rotor (ω ₂ ) and a temperature actual value ( θ ), and - a field-oriented current controller for calculating rotor current (I _r ) and stator current (I _s ) for impressing in rotor and stator windings for generating the magnetic fluxes, at least the loss minimum first target flux (λ _im ) and the loss minimum second Target flow (λ _om ) Regulator according to claim 9 with a differentiator for differentiation of an input variable of the regulator. A controller according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the calculation block is inputs for the time changes

and

the setpoint values for first torque (T _it ) and second (T _ot ) has torque. A controller as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the calculation block includes inputs for the temporal changes

and

the actual values (ω ₁ ) and (ω ₂ ) of the angular velocities of the rotor and the inter-rotor. A controller according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the calculation block for calculating the minimum loss target flows (λ _im ) and (λ _om ) includes an allocation table. A regulator according to any one of claims 8 to 13, wherein the calculation block for calculating the loss minimum target fluxes (λ _im ) and (λ _om ) comprises an interpolator. A controller according to any one of claims 8 to 14, wherein the calculation block for calculating the loss minimum target flows (λ _im ) and (λ _om ) comprises a flow restrictor. Regulator according to one of claims 8 to 15, with a connection to a CAN bus (Controller Area Network) for the transmission of input and output variables of the Controller.