DE102006032350B3 - Coupling for railway carriages includes a deformable element to absorb excessive forces - Google Patents

Abstract

An improved coupling for railway carriages includes a deformable element (8) which absorbs excessive forces, e.g. as can be experienced with modern large locomotives and heavy trains. The deformable element is incorporated into the coupling, e.g. between the mounting and the coupling unit and is permanently deformed under excess pressure without breaking the coupling. The train is able to continue enabling the deformable element to be replaced at a later time.

Description

The The invention relates to an arrangement for the introduction of tensile forces in force-absorbing structures of rail vehicles. essential to the invention Feature is an overload protection, the both separately and in conjunction with a towing device or a combined pulling and pushing device is available. Pulling devices or combined are preferred Pull and push devices provided with elements that can absorb and reduce inadmissible tensile forces.

In order to should deformations on vehicles and constructions in consequence uncontrolled Introductions of tensile forces be prevented.

State of technology

Around unacceptable It is known that overload protection is used to prevent the introduction of force in vehicle structures provided in the form of predetermined breaking points in a suitable manner.

In the railway vehicle sector, among other things, a sleeve buffer is added DE 102 52 175 known, in which one or more predetermined breaking connections are provided which tear off when a certain impact force (release force) is exceeded. In this case, essential parts of the buffer become unusable.

Out rail vehicle and automotive engineering continue to be so Deformation elements mentioned, also as crash elements or crash boxes referred, in practice. These are either separate or For example, in buffers integrated components whose sole The purpose is to remove excess pressure or to absorb impact forces.

As a general rule exists in the railway since about 1990, about the same time as the Distribution of three-phase drive in electric locomotives, due to the general technical development and the Pursuit of higher Economy a tendency to realize higher tensile forces. To the One can modern locomotives with optimized friction coefficient utilization and large drive capacities higher tensile forces develop while on the other hand higher Draw weights and train lengths aimed at improving profitability. For transalpine Traffic is often modern, traction powerful locomotives even used in double traction. These Factors lead to that higher Forces over the Towing devices to transfer are. The strength of the vehicles, however, was not in the same Increased dimensions. For some types of vehicles, strength reserves were even in the interest lightweight construction.

The Range between the maximum operational pull forces and The load capacity of the vehicle structures has steadily decreased. However, there is a risk that by operationally occurring short-term overload surges, for Example by vibrations or shocks between the cars of a long train, increased.

Here implements the invention.

task

It was therefore required, for a solution to seek with which the initiation of improper tractive forces in the vehicle frame or in corresponding functional structures of Rail vehicles can be prevented. Possibly occurring excess tensile forces should outside said functional structures of the rail vehicle added and dismantled. At the same time, destructions are mainly aimed at overload protection elements restrict.

First of all close, even with traction devices or combined train and shock devices for rail vehicles Predetermined breaking connections, which are effective in the direction of the tensile force, provided. The for Rail vehicles relevant state of the art offers for it so far no hints. With regard to the risk of train separations is of such a solution from the point of view of the applicant but rather to discourage.

According to the invention therefore an arrangement for the introduction of tensile forces in force-absorbing structures of rail vehicles according to the characterizing part of patent claim 1 is proposed, according to which at least one overload protection in the form of a force flow of the traction, kraftflusstechnisch connected in series deformation element between the tow hook and the force-absorbing structures of the rail vehicle is arranged. The arrangement can be provided inside or outside of draw gear or combined pull and push devices. In this case, multiple arrangements at the same place or at different installation locations along the line of action of the tensile force are possible and possibly useful. A significant advantage of the invention results from the fact that the deformation element is under compressive load, so not under shear or tensile stress. This makes a structurally simple embodiment of the same possible, as for example in other known applications, namely as a crushing element, deformable pipe or profile section, foam, etc. Important for the design of such a deformation element is that on the one hand the tensile forces to be transmitted during operation fatigue without change of shape and without being able to take damage, on the other hand upon reaching a limit load, the exceeding of which could be damaging to the vehicle structure, yields by deformation. During deformation, the element is to shorten by a certain displacement path, the deformation force is at a substantially constant level of force, so that energy is absorbed and the transfer of higher loads than the limit load is prevented. After reaching a maximum compression travel, it is expedient that the deformation element occupies a block state in which it is not or only slightly further compressed in further increase in the forces but still not destroyed and can transmit forces safely. After such a response of the deformation element, this must indeed be replaced, damage to the other components of the traction device and the vehicle structure is avoided.

In the subordinate claims are expedient embodiments specified. These relate predominantly to the arrangement according to claim 1 within traction devices or combined pull and push devices.

In addition to the arrangement in accordance with the Invention can in the opposite direction analog acting deformation elements for recording from inadmissible shock or compressive forces in their power flow inside or outside of traction devices or combined pull and push devices be provided. As expedient embodiment variant will be added proposed, one with the deformation elements, but at least trigger indication associated with a deformation element or mark to install. This should be good from the outside be visible, at least in the triggered state.

embodiment

The Invention will be described below in several embodiments with reference to Drawings closer explained. The reference signs used have the following meaning:

1

Spring element,

2

Bearing,

3

Printing plate,

4

Pull bar,

5

tension bolt (Plunger)

6

Pin safety,

7

Mother,

8th

Deformation element,

9

Deformation element,

A

Head piece of the vehicle frame,

D

Cable stop.

First, in the 1 and 2 the separate arrangement of deformation elements 8th specified separately in the sense of not integrated in a towing device or in a combined pull and push device. In the example chosen, each screw connection of the towing device with the head piece A of the vehicle frame contains a deformation element 8th or a common annular deformation element 8th is included in all fittings.

3 shows a pulling device, in which the deformation element 8th between the spring elements 1 composite compression spring and the pressure plate 3 is arranged. To 4 is the deformation element 8th between the compression spring and the support bearing 2 ,

Conceivable, but not shown, is a variant in which at least one deformation element 8th between adjacent spring elements 1 is located. Furthermore, there is the possibility of a deformation element 8th between the pressure plate 3 and the mother 7 according to 5 to arrange.

6 shows an installation variant for a deformation element 9 , which can absorb excess impact or pressure forces. This may be important in cases where traction devices are used deliberately or deliberately misused for the transmission of thrust forces. The deformation element 9 lies here on an annular surface of the tow hook 4 and is at shock or pressure load against the support bearing 3 pressed. Other installation locations inside and outside of draw gear or combined pull and push devices can be selected.

Conveniently, but not necessarily, are such deformation elements 9 in addition to deformation element 8th provided.

In the 7 . 8th . 9 and 10 are analog solutions to the 3 . 4 . 5 , and 6 pointed out, with the difference that the support bearing 3 has no flange-like connection with the head piece A of the vehicle frame, but has a foot.

Such trained traction device is also in 11 indicated in the plan view. Here are deformation elements 8th arranged to accommodate inadmissible tensile forces outside the drawbar, between this and the draft stop D of the vehicle structure.

Incidentally, will on the designs referenced in the foregoing description of the invention.

Claims (11)

Arrangement for the introduction of tensile forces into force-absorbing structures of rail vehicles, characterized in that at least one overload protection in the form of a force flow in the tensile force lying kraftflusstechnisch connected in series deformation element ( 8th ) between the tow hook ( 4 ) and the force-absorbing structures of the rail vehicle is arranged. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the deformation element ( 8th ) is subjected to compressive stress in the transmission of tensile loads on the drawbar and undergoes compression in case of overload, with compressive forces continuing to be transferable even during the compression and when a block condition is reached after maximum compression. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the deformation elements ( 8th ) can be arranged inside and / or outside of draw gear or combined pull and push devices, with multiple arrangements at the same place or different installation locations along the line of action of the tensile force are allowed. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that in addition to the deformation elements ( 8th ) Deformation elements acting in the opposite direction ( 9 ) for receiving impermissible impact or pressure forces in an analogous manner as the deformation elements ( 8th ) are provided. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that one with the deformation elements ( 8th respectively. 9 ), but at least with a deformation element ( 8th ) is operatively connected trigger indicator or marking is installed, which is well visible at least in the tripped state from the outside. Arrangement according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the separate arrangement of deformation elements ( 8th ) is realized by the latter are integrated in the screw connection of the pulling device with the head piece (A) of the vehicle frame, wherein each connection is a deformation element ( 8th ) or alternatively all connections a common annular deformation element ( 8th ). Arrangement according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the deformation element ( 8th ) within a traction device or a combined pulling and pushing device between the spring elements ( 1 ) composite compression spring and the pressure plate ( 3 ) is arranged. Arrangement according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the deformation element ( 8th ) within a drawbar or a combined pulling and pushing device between the compression spring and the support bearing ( 2 ) is present. Arrangement according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that within a pulling means or a combined pulling and pushing device at least one deformation element ( 8th ) between adjacent spring elements ( 1 ) is located. Arrangement according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the deformation element ( 8th ) within a traction device or a combined pulling and pushing device between the pressure plate ( 3 ) and the mother ( 7 ) is arranged. Arrangement according to claims 1, 3 and 4, characterized in that within a traction devices or a combined pulling and pushing device, a deformation element ( 9 ) for receiving inadmissible impact forces between an annular surface of the tow hook ( 4 ) and the support bearing ( 3 ) is located.