DE102006014853A1 - Water vapor producing method involves burning combustion material in combustion chamber under supply of combustion air for heating up and aerosol water evaporates therein to water vapor in metallic and/or ceramic foam core - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves burning a combustion material in a combustion chamber (6) under supply of combustion air for heating up. The aerosol water evaporates therein to water vapor in the metallic and/or ceramic foam core. The exhaust air from the combustion is exhausted in such a way that combustion air warms up combustion material and/or the water : An independent claim is also included for the steam generator with a heated steam chamber from a burner.

Description

The The invention relates to a method and a device for generating of water vapor.

at the conventional one Generation of water vapor can be found essentially two methods Application.

In In a first method, water is passed through heated pipes in one Steam boiler (flame tube smoke tube boiler) evaporates, which is filled with water and crossed by pipes in which flue gases (combustion gases) are located. One of the tubes is a flame tube containing a fossil fuel is burned. The great Water content of these steam boilers enables a high storage effect, elevated however, the losses in cooling and start-up phases.

In In a second method, water that is in boiled ears, which run through a steam boiler (water tube boilers), heated and evaporated. Conversely to the above method are the boars surrounded in this process for generating steam from flue gases. The water content of the boilie pipes is smaller than that of the flue pipe Flue-tube boilers, nevertheless, are high cooling losses and start-up times still present, since the boiling pipes are completely filled with water and cooled so well by the water become.

Both Steam generation process is common to that of heat transfer to the water on limited surfaces (pipe inner surface or tube outer surface), being big ones Facing masses with high temperature differences. This means that the temperature at the heat transfer surfaces of the Media re the combustion temperature or the flue gas temperature greatly reduced Because of the high heat capacity of the water, the pipes become strong cools. Due to this strong cooling decreases the temperature in the flue gases in areas adjacent to the Pipes also off. One speaks here of supercooled fires.

Around this undercooled fires counteract, for example, oversized fire or combustion chambers to obtain nuclear fuel zones with the required high temperatures. This has the disadvantage that large Amounts of energy over the exhaust gases are lost.

A different possibility, supercooled fires counteract, is to fire the combustion chamber or firebox. But this is the heat transfer reduced to the water, as the chamotte insulating in both Directions works. To counteract the reduction of heat transfer, the ways of heat transfer are extended to thus the surface for the Heat transfer to enlarge. This leads u.a. to a big one Construction.

One Another disadvantage of the fireboxing of a combustion chamber is the slow temperature change the chamotte. So it takes a long time in startup phases, until the chamotte one for the evaporation has reached appropriate temperature and it lasts just as long until the chamotte has cooled down in cooling phases. This allows the energy that was transferred to the chamotte, not for the steam generation be exploited.

One Another disadvantage of the conventional steam generation process is the inflexible control of the amount of water vapor, since the amount of water vapor can be generated directly depends on the combustion chamber temperature, i. the amount of water vapor that can be generated can only over the change the flue gas temperature. But there is a change in the flue gas temperature only very slowly an energy change in the water, can with the conventional steam generation process not react flexibly to fluctuations in the steam extraction.

Conveniently, will be in conventional Process generated water vapor cached and over a Control passed on to a consumer. That means one high overhead and further losses in the cache and in the controller.

When a further improvement of the conventional methods is e.g. a fracture proposed by the boiler, but with soot deposits, rust through, Steam hammer, high emissions and the like arise.

task The invention is a method and apparatus for generating steam to provide, in which the efficiency is improved and the amount of steam that can be generated can be easily and quickly controlled by a consumer supplied is.

The The object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and a steam generator solved according to claim 12.

The dependent under claims 2 to 11 and 13 to 20 are each preferred developments directed to the present invention.

In this case, the inventive method for generating water vapor in a vapor space, which metal and / or ceramic instead has foam and is preferably heated by burning a combustion material in a combustion chamber with the supply of combustion air such that aerosolized water introduced into the metal and / or ceramic foam therein evaporates immediately to water vapor.

While at the conventional one Process a surface enlargement for one improved heat transfer by enlarging the Components such as e.g. by extension the route to heat transfer is achieved, the surface enlargement in the present invention by using a metal and / or Ceramic foam, which is preferably open-pored, reached. Thereby is a much larger surface with respect to the external dimensions the steam generator / steam boiler of the conventional steam generation process for the Steam generation available.

there can the metal and / or ceramic foam at all heat transfer points or surfaces be used, where two fluids of different temperature carry out a heat transfer.

Further is achieved by the introduction of water in aerosol form, that the water is distributed over a large area becomes. This ensures that both involved in the heat transfer media, the heat-emitting Metal and / or Ceramic foam and the heat-absorbing Water, have an enlarged surface, the heat transfer on microscopic surfaces expires instead of macroscopically extended tube wall surfaces.

Further gets through the big one Surface enlargement achieved, that the amount of aerosol water per unit area within the pores or near the surfaces the pores is so low that the metal and / or ceramic foam to the water, until the evaporation of the water, transferable amount of heat so small is that stored in the metal and / or ceramic foam internal energy decreases only insignificantly.

In summary let yourself say that in the steam generation of the present invention involved media for heat transfer in Unlike the conventional ones Process for generating steam in a better mass / surface ratio. One through the use of metal and / or ceramic foam by means of pores often enlarged surface microscopic water droplets for the Evaporation opposite.

Thereby, that the inventive method without firing the combustion chamber, start-up and cool-down phases can occur and thus their not usable for steam generation energy clearly be reduced. Also, the temperature control of the steam room is This is much easier and is in case of a necessary Temperature adaptation much faster than that of chamotteed Combustion chambers.

The inventive method can be anytime in conventional Steam driven processes such as e.g. used in steam turbines will be. In this case, the inventive method for generating replaced of water vapor just the conventional one Method for generating water vapor. Other adjustments are usually not necessary.

The inventive method for steam generation is not only in steam-driven Working machines can be used, but can preferably also in steam radiators, Steam iron, Steam cleaning method etc. are used. So it will be one provided a generally applicable steam generating process.

Preferably is the by the inventive method generated steam directly fed to a steam driven machine, without the steam is cached beforehand. Thus, the in such a cache with downstream control system incurred losses are avoided.

Preferably will the warming of the metal and / or ceramic foam by a combustion of a Combustion material in a combustion chamber with the supply of combustion air generated. The resulting exhaust air, which is a high amount of energy with you, is dissipated in this way, that they are preferably the combustion air, the combustion material and / or the water, i. the educts of the steam generation process, heated. This has the advantage that the starting materials of the process according to the invention already preheated get to their respective processing position and less energy must be spent to the inventive method with the optimal Operate operating conditions.

Preferably heated the exhaust air is not just one of the educts, but one after the other Reactants. Still warm exhaust gas after heating the educts can continue for heat exchange preferably in a residual heat store to be used.

Farther can the already heated by the exhaust air combustion air be used to heat the incineration and / or the water.

The But combustion air can also be heated by the fact that they are at the Steam room is led over to the combustion chamber, where they are at passing by heated at the steam room. Preferably flows the combustion air also by metal and / or ceramic foam, since this is also the surface here for heat transfer advantageously increased to the combustion air.

Preferably is at least a part of the thus heated combustion air through the combustion material passed, so that it heats the combustion material. in this connection it is not necessary that the total current to be supplied Combustion air is passed through the combustion material, but It can also be a part fed directly to the combustion chamber.

Which Amount of energy, i. the amount of hot exhaust air or heated combustion air, which must be passed through the combustion material is of the Condition of the combustible material and can be flexible from the method according to the invention to be controlled. As combustion material, all well-known Fuels, especially fossil fuels, but also biomass come into use. Depending on the fuel used as combustion material is for optimal combustion a different levels of preheating necessary be.

Becomes e.g. Biomass used as incineration, so it is highly likely that a big one Part of the resulting during combustion hot exhaust air or the heated combustion air the biomass is passed through to the biomass eventual Remove residual moisture.

Not only the inlet temperature or inlet humidity of the combustion material is an important factor in the optimal functioning of the method according to the invention, but also the preheating of the water introduced into the vapor space. In this case, the more energetic the aerosol water at the time of introduction in the steam room the less energy needs to be applied to evaporate this.

For this the water is preferably preheated by the hot exhaust air stream, so that the evaporation in the vapor space is even faster and the Steam leaves the steam room more energetic.

As already mentioned above, can the by the inventive method generated steam directly or by caching a steam-powered Work machine supplied become. In the steam-powered work machine, the water vapor is partially relax and cool down and from the steam-powered machine as still warm water vapor escape. This emerging from the steam-powered work machine However, warm steam still has a high energy level on, which are preferably removed as condensation heat in a condenser can. As a cooling Means of the capacitor may e.g. the combustion air flowing in the steam generation or serve the water necessary for steam generation. It is also conceivable the combustion material as a coolant for such Use purposes.

By the release of the condensation heat of the Steam heated the combustion air flowing past the condenser, the water flowing past it or the one passed by Combustible material preferably from one ambient temperature to one first heated Stage of the educt. Below may be a further warming, as above described, done. This ensures that a possible greater Part of the initial energy used after conversion into mechanical work is still present in the form of heat energy, the steam generation process is fed again.

The in the condensation resulting water, which normally a higher Temperature as e.g. tap water supplied to the steam generation process, in turn can lead to a warming the educts of the steam generation process can be used.

Especially preferably there is the possibility the water produced during the condensation directly returns to the steam generation process supply. This can be done with the feeder the still warm condensation water to the steam generator a closed Water cycle are formed.

Preferably but the condensation water can also be a utility water system, such as e.g. a heating system or a drinking water conditioner are supplied.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the water vapor necessary for generating the mechanical work for the steam-driven working machine is produced in a steam generator according to the invention. This has a vapor space, which is at least partially formed or filled from metal and / or ceramic foam. This steam room can be heated by a combustion chamber. At least one nozzle is directed onto the vapor space, through which water in an aerosol form can be introduced into the metal and / or ceramic foam. Conveniently, the nozzles are arranged so that, after evaporation through the metal and / or ceramic foam flowing steam is further heated in this and at a steam outlet is more energy available.

Prefers the vapor space is designed such that a combustion chamber of the Steam room is surrounded, which combustion chamber of an adjacent Burner is heatable. The burner can produce any kind of heat Be an energy source. Preferably, energy sources are used, the heating of the vapor space, i. of metal and / or ceramic foam ensure until the dark red phase, wherein the metal and / or Ceramic foam preferably also arranged on an inner surface of the combustion chamber is.

there the steam space arranged around the combustion chamber does not necessarily have to consist of only one room, but can also be divided into several rooms be. These rooms can in different arrangements, e.g. in a circumferential direction next to each other or coaxially arranged in parallel. Arrangements are also conceivable at which at the same time water vapors of different energy levels be generated.

Also is the heat-producing Energy source not on a burner, i. on a combustion process limited, but can also be done by other heat-generating process. Conceivable here is an application of an electric heater or a strongly exothermic chemical process.

at Use of a combustion process as an energy source produces hot exhaust air, preferably by an exhaust duct, the combustion chamber after Outside penetrates, is derivable. In this exhaust duct, which also lined with metal and / or ceramic foam or sheathed may be preferred is a supply of the water to be evaporated arranged so that the hot Exhaust air heats the water before exiting the nozzles. After heating the supplied Water, the exhaust air is usually even warmer than the ambient air, and thus its residual energy is to heat the combustion air a heat exchanger fed. to further cooling and energy return The steam generation process is the exhaust air but also directly after heating of water through a storage facility containing incineration hindurchleitbar.

For the warming of Combustion air, the steam generator is preferably designed so that the steam room of a housing is surrounded, which is arranged at a distance from the vapor space is, so that the incoming, possibly blown by a blower, Combustion air before entering the combustion chamber around the steam room round out is. It is not necessary that the entire incoming Combustion air can be fed directly to the burner, but this can also partially or completely for heating the combustion material be introduced into the memory of the combustion material. Both together, Combustion air and combustion, then the combustion chamber for combustion fed.

The feed the preheated Combustion good happens together with the preheated combustion air preferably such that a burn-back, i.e. a breakthrough of combustion, in the case of incineration filled Memory is safely avoided.

at Use of an electric heater as an energy source for heating the Metal and / or ceramic foam can make the steam generator easier be constructed, as no combustion air, no combustion supply is and therefore no exhaust air is created. In this embodiment is preferred after a relaxation in a condensation process recovered water fed back to the steam generation.

Further Advantages, features and applications of the method according to the invention and the steam generator according to the invention now with reference to an embodiment with reference to the attached Drawings explained in detail.

1 shows a schematic representation of a steam generator according to the invention.

2 shows a schematic sectional view through a steam generator according to the invention.

In 1 an inventive steam generator is shown having a burner 1 below a burner room 6 arranged arranged. The burner 1 are about the combustion air supply 9 and the combustion input 8th the educts of the combustion process can be supplied. The combustion air occurs at the combustion air inlet 10 in a housing 12 of the steam generator. Like from the 1 apparent, is the burner 1 Supplyable combustion air around a vapor space 5 herumleitbar. It can be seen that the combustion air is first heated at the outer side of the steam space and then flows past a water supply line, wherein the combustion air heats the water in the water supply line. In the further course, the combustion air heats up further on the outside of the steam space 5 , Before you enter the burner 1 the hot combustion air flows around the combustion material supply 8th and heats the combustion material located therein.

2 shows a sectional view through the steam generator according to the invention, wherein the combustion chamber 6 , the steam room 5 and a combustion air preheating room 15 are arranged coaxially in the preferred embodiment. Further shows 2 that the combustion chamber 6 of the preferred embodiment on the inside of the filled with metal and / or ceramic foam vapor space 5 provided with metal and / or ceramic foam. For effective preheating of the combustion air around the steam room 5 is feasible, is the Verbrennungsluftvorwärmraum 15 also at least partially formed with metal and / or ceramic foam.

By burning the combustion material and the combustion air in the combustion chamber 6 the steam room heats up 5 preferably to the deep red area. Water flowing through a water supply 4 initially in a heat exchanger can be fed, which is within an exhaust air discharge 11 is arranged, heats up in the heat exchanger. The heated water is supplied to the nozzles via the water supply line 2 directed. The nozzles 2 bring the water in an aerosol form into the steam room 5 one, with the water already in front of the jets 2 may be in an aerosol state and through the nozzles 2 is further splittable. Because the water is already preheated and finely distributed, it is vaporized abruptly in the vapor space, without causing a substantial cooling of the vapor space in the region of the nozzles 2 (aerosols water introduction) comes. The water vapor in the steam room quickly increases its volume and is therefore forced to steam outlet 7 directed. On the way to the steam outlet 7 However, the water vapor is further heated by the hot steam space, so that the flow rate and the temperature of the water vapor with the distance to the nozzles 2 inside the steam room 5 increases.

The fast flow or the superheated steam causes a self-cleaning effect for the metal and / or ceramic foam.

1

burner

2

jet

3

water heater

4

water supply

5

steam room

6

combustion chamber

7

steam outlet

8th

Verbrennungsgutzufuhr

9

Combustion air supply

10

Combustion air inlet

11

exhaust removal

12

casing

13

water supply

14

Metal- and / or ceramic foam

15

Verbrennungsluftvorwärmraum

Claims (20)

Method for generating steam in a steam space ( 5 ), which metal and / or ceramic foam ( 14 ) and by burning a combustion material in a combustion chamber ( 6 ) is heated under supply of combustion air such that aerosolized water introduced into the metal and / or ceramic foam therein evaporates to water vapor. The method of claim 1, wherein exhaust air from the combustion so dissipated is that they are the combustion air, the combustible and / or the water is heated. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the combustion air is so at the vapor space ( 5 ) in the direction of the combustion chamber ( 6 ) is guided on an outside of the vapor space ( 5 ) is heated. The method of claim 2 or 3, wherein at least a portion of the heated combustion air is continued such that it heats the combustion material and together with this the combustion chamber ( 6 ) is supplied. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein biomass is burned as incineration. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the water vapor is supplied to a Dampfentnahmeraum after evaporation. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the water vapor a work machine for generating mechanical energy is supplied. Process according to claim 7, wherein the water vapor condenses after exiting the machine in a condenser becomes. A method according to claim 8, wherein the heat, the is released in the condensation of water vapor, the combustion air, heats the combustible material and / or the water. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the water vapor fed to a capacitor becomes. A method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the condensed Water a utility water system and / or drinking water treatment supplied becomes. Steam generator with one of a burner ( 1 ) heated steam room ( 5 ) made of metal and / or ceramic foam ( 14 ) is formed and on which at least one nozzle ( 2 ) is directed for the introduction of aerosolized water into the metal and / or ceramic foam. Steam generator according to claim 12, wherein within the steam space ( 5 ) a combustion chamber ( 6 ) and the burner ( 1 ) to the combustion chamber ( 6 ) adjoins. Steam generator according to claim 13, wherein one of the steam room ( 5 ) outgoing exhaust shaft the combustion chamber ( 6 ) penetrates to the outside and hot exhaust air from the combustion chamber ( 6 ) and a supply of water in the exhaust duct is arranged such that the water can be heated by the hot exhaust air. Steam generator according to one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the steam space ( 5 ) is surrounded by a housing, which at a distance from the vapor space ( 5 ) is arranged such that between the housing and the vapor space ( 5 ) entering combustion air for their heating around the steam space ( 5 ) is feasible. Steam generator according to claim 15, wherein the housing adjacent a storage tank for a Combustion has, through which a part of the heated combustion air is conductive. Steam generator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the exhaust duct ( 11 ) is arranged such that through the exhaust duct ( 11 ) derived hot exhaust air directly or indirectly heated a combustible material. Steam generator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the steam space ( 5 ) into several steam rooms ( 5 ) is divided. Steam generator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the combustion chamber ( 6 ) on the inner surfaces of the vapor space ( 5 ) is provided with metal and / or ceramic foam. Steam generator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a combustion air preheating space ( 15 ) outside the steam room ( 5 ) is arranged and is heated by this, at least partially formed with metal and / or ceramic foam.