DE102005005119B3 - Submarine with pressure body, comprises tower and chute made up of two sections with one shaft section having access to pressure body and second shaft section with pressure-tight lockable opening - Google Patents

Abstract

The submarine comprises a tower and a chute that is made up of two sections. One shaft section (2) has an access to the pressure body, whilst a second shaft section (4) has a pressure-tight lockable opening between the submarine and the surrounding atmosphere. The first and second shaft sections are arranged over each other, with a pressure-tight lockable channel (10) between them. The second shaft section is built as a sluice to lock out a person. The second shaft section may have system for flooding and venting, and the second shaft section may have a closable covering (14) that can turn relative to the first shaft section.

Description

The The invention relates to a submarine with a pressure hull, in the access to the pressure hull over a Shaft provided in the tower.

Especially for submarines of smaller and medium size serves the central, located in the tower Schacht not only as an entry and exit shaft over water, but also to Emergency exit under water. For this purpose, the shaft is on one side Closing the upper end by means of a pressure-tight lid, for others provided a corresponding pressure-tight lid at the bottom. About that In addition, pipes and fittings are provided, so that the shaft can be used as a lock.

at a known submarine is the shaft for discharging two persons who are standing in the shaft above each other. After this the shaft to the pressure hull is completed, this is flooded and with the surrounding Pressure applied. Only when the ambient pressure is reached, can the shaft outside final Lid opened first, after that the person in the shaft above and then the one underneath Person can get off.

At the Exit at greater depths this can cause problems since the period in which the shaft is completely flooded and pressure balanced is, is comparatively long. In addition, the second must be wait for the person leaving the vehicle to stand at ambient pressure until the first person left the manhole.

GB 449,361 and DE 535 593 C1 describe devices for exiting and entering a submerged submarine, where entrances with entrances to the outside of the submarine are designed as locks, with a lock part open to the pressure hull of the submarine and being barometrically closed. So is in GB 449,361 before the lock forming the decline a tank arranged, which is open on one side and also flooded when flood the lock. This tank will be in DE 535 593 C1 formed by an open water basin arranged below the companionway. A disadvantage of these devices is that the air pressure in the pressure body when flooding the lock must be increased so that it closes the pressure body barometric against the lock.

In front In this background, the present invention has the object underlying, a generic submarine To train so that the exit time under water are shortened can.

These The object is achieved by a Submarine with the features specified in claim 1. advantageous Embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the following description and the drawing.

The submarine according to the invention has in known manner a pressure hull and a tower, in the one to the pressure body leading shaft is arranged. The shaft is formed in two parts and has a first shaft part with access to the pressure body and a second shaft part with a pressure-tight lockable opening to the atmosphere surrounding the submarine there. The first and the second Shaft part are on top of each other arranged.

Between the first and the second shaft part is a pressure-tight lockable passage intended. Only the second shaft part is as a lock for discharging a person trained.

basic idea It is the object of the present invention to use the shaft located in the tower, as far as it exercises lock function, decrease in volume. Since the clear width of the shaft reduces only partially anyway can be, provides the solution according to the invention, only the upper shaft section form as a lock and dimensioned so that only one single person can be discharged. This will increase the volume of the as sluice serving shaft considerably reduced, so that with constant cable cross-sections and valves for flooding the sluice the discharge in comparison to the prior art can be done much faster, so that the auszuschleusende Person much shorter Time is exposed to the low pressure.

The passage located between the shaft parts can remain open in normal boat operation and thus allow unobstructed access to and from the pressure hull during transit. In an emergency situation, but also in any other situation that requires a Unterwasseraus- or entry into or out of the submarine on the shaft, a person can be ejected when she goes into the second part of the shaft. Then, the passage between the first shaft part and the second shaft part is pressure-sealed. In the two The shaft part can now be made a pressure equalization to prevailing in the environment of the submarine deep pressure, which ensures that the arranged on the second shaft portion opening to the environment of the submarine can be opened, and the person located in this part of the shaft then leave the submarine.

Of the first and the second shaft part are advantageously dimensioned in that both in the first and in the second shaft part in usually a person can stand upright. Preferably, the on the pressure body adjacent first shaft part a height of at least two meters on, while the standing height in the second shaft part is preferably about two meters.

In the second shaft part, which is the opening to the submarine has a surrounding atmosphere, Preferably, means are provided for flooding and dewatering. This acts For example, they are pipes, valves and fittings, those from outside, advantageous also from within the second shaft part can be actuated.

With These means can be used in the second shaft part, as described above, a pressure equalization between the prevailing in the second part of the shaft Pressure, which is generally the internal pressure in the pressure body is produced as well as the deep pressure surrounding the submarine become. For this purpose, the second shaft part is flooded. After the second shaft part filled with water and under pressure, the person inside can open the door to the environment of the person Open tower and leave the submarine. If the person is the second shaft part can leave, its opening to be closed again to the environment. Due to gravity is the second shaft part then drained, so that after completion of this process and pressure equalization to the pressure hull a another person can open the passage to the second shaft part, the second shaft part can enter and the submarine in the above also leave the described manner.

One Advantage of the two-part design of the shaft in which only the second upper shaft part flooded and dehydrated will, opposite one-piece shafts, as they have so far underwater inlet and especially underwater exit it is used that the volume of the flooding and to draining Sluice is significantly reduced, which also flooding and drainage times much shorter fail and also the air consumption is significantly reduced.

Of the second shaft part is opposite the first shaft part preferably with a lid lockable. there the cover is preferably pivotable and arranged so on the one hand, in one the passage between the first and the second shaft part closing position to be moved can and can be pivoted on the other hand, that he the passage of a Person from the first to the second shaft part and vice versa in particular also while of normal operation of the submarine is not hindered.

Especially Preferably, the lid is hinged so that when opening in the first shaft part is pivoted into it. This will be a Person in the second chess part not by closing the Lids in their preparations for an underwater exit with special needs. Further, the height of the first shaft part generally formed so large that a in The person located in the first part of the shaft does not pass through the lid is hampered.

Either in the first and in the second part of the shaft are expediently Means for opening and closing provided the lid. In this way, access between the first and the second shaft part not only on the part of the first Shaft part, but also closed by the second shaft part or opened become.

Of the Lid is beneficial over a mechanical transmission pivoted. To the lid of both Press shaft sections off to be able to is particularly favorable an actuatable Powertrain of the transmission in both the first and in the second Shaft part arranged. By arranging a handle, for example a crank or a hand wheel, is a reliable manual activity the lid possible. About the Transmission can reduce the effort required for pivoting be and it is possible the operation of the Gear well accessible to arrange.

For this the transmission preferably has a transmission shaft, which expediently in the first shaft part is arranged. Located in this shaft part the lid over Head of a person who wants to open it from the first part of the shaft. By means of the transmission wave is it possible, the Rotary movement of a handle of the transmission, for example a handwheel, which is arranged so that it can be easily reached by the person and to use, on others arranged in the area of the lid To transmit transmission components.

The lid also advantageously has a lock which can be actuated from the first and the second shaft part. With this lock, for example, accidental opening of the lid can be prevented, in particular when the second shaft part has been flooded with water for pressure equalization with the environment and this water presses in the opening direction on the cover. The lock is preferably actuated via a hand wheel arranged on both sides of the cover, which is in each case integrated in the cover.

In the second shaft part is particularly low a non-slip base arranged. These footprint is preferably formed by a grid.

A Further advantageous embodiment of the shaft provides that the first shaft part and the second shaft part as separate components are formed, which preferably by means of a flange connection connected to each other. Here are the first and the second Shaft part preferably screwed together. It is also possible If necessary, weld the two shaft sections together.

So is in the submarine according to the invention an underwater exit over allows the shaft located in the tower, with the flooded or to be drained Volume due to the division of the shaft into two separable pressure density Pit parts opposite undivided manholes is significantly reduced. This also applies to the consumption of breathing air the discharge. A second person, which in the first, not flooded shaft part is waiting for their underwater outfall especially in large Depth during Do not wait for them to endanger them Exposed to water pressure. Another advantage is that even submarines with a one-piece shaft in a simple manner with the two-part shaft according to the invention equipped can be by only the upper, the pressure body remote part of the shaft is separated and by a shaft part with the training of the invention is replaced.

The Invention is described below with reference to an illustrated in the drawing Embodiment explained in more detail. It demonstrate:

1 a longitudinal section through a two-part shaft,

2 a longitudinal section of the shaft along the line II-II in 1 and

3 a bottom view of the lid between the first and second shaft part according to 1 ,

Based The drawing will now be described a preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein for reasons the clarity in the figures essentially only the components and assemblies of the Submarines are shown, which differ from the well-known shaft training, as is common, for example, in submarines of the type 209 different.

In the 1 and 2 a shaft is shown, which is arranged in a tower, not shown, of a submarine and is provided as a manhole to an arranged in the tower cockpit of the submarine. The shaft is formed in two parts with a substantially cylindrical shaft part 2 and a shaft part adjoining upwards 4 which is to his from the shaft part 2 tapered end tapered conically.

At the mutually facing ends of the shaft parts 2 and 4 is at the shaft part 2 a circular plate 6 and at the shaft part 4 a likewise circular plate 8th welded, with the plates 6 and 8th have the same diameter and are dimensioned and arranged so that they over the outer wall of each connected thereto shaft part 2 respectively. 4 protrude. In this area are the two plates 6 and 8th bolted together so that the two shaft parts 2 and 4 are connected together pressure-tight manner in the form of a flange connection.

The plates 6 and 8th have circular openings which are aligned and eccentric to the center of the plates 6 and 8th are arranged. They form a passage 10 between the shaft parts 2 and 4 in that the shaft has an access from the lower end of the shaft part directly adjoining the pressure body 2 to the upper end of the shaft part 4 allows. The pressure hull is not shown in the figures. The upper end of the shaft part 4 is in the form of a coarse 12 for a hatch also not shown in the figures, which allows access to the environment of the tower and is formed in a conventional manner and therefore will not be described in detail here.

The passage 10 is from a lid 14 closed at the side of the shaft 2 facing side of the plate 6 so tethered that it is from one's passage 10 closing position in a passage 10 releasing position (lid 14 ' ) can be pivoted. In the releasing position is the lid 14 ' about 90 ° relative to the passage 10 closing position in the shaft part 2 pivoted.

The pivoting of the lid 14 via a toggle mechanism. For this purpose, the free end of a lever arm of the toggle lever on the lid 14 hinged and the free end of the other Lever arm of the toggle lever on the inner peripheral surface of the shaft part 2 hinged. Between the levers, a spindle nut is arranged on the knee joint, through which a threaded spindle is guided. A rotational movement of the threaded spindle can be converted in this way into an axial movement of the spindle nut, which leads to a pivoting of the toggle lever and thus to a pivoting of the lid 14 leads. The dimensioning of the toggle mechanism is both the installation conditions in the shaft part 2 as well as the weight and size of the lid 14 customized.

The threaded spindle is with a gear 16 motion coupled, which is substantially adjacent to the lid 14 at the chess part 2 facing side of the plate 6 is attached. So there is a large part of the transmission 16 in the chess part 2 overhead of a person standing there, by the transmission 16 in this way is not impaired in their freedom of movement. On the inner wall of the shaft part 2 is another easily accessible height another gearbox 18 arranged. This gear 18 is about a wave 22 with the gearbox 16 motion coupled, so that on the transmission 16 initiated movements on the transmission 18 and from there via the spindle drive and the toggle mechanism on the lid 14 can be transmitted. The transmission has this feature 18 via a handwheel 20 which gives a person a relatively convenient opening and closing of the lid 14 allows you to work without overhead.

A powertrain 24 of the transmission 15 is through the plates 6 and 8th passed. This powertrain 24 has a square on which a matching handwheel (not shown in the figures) can be plugged so that the lid 14 also from the second shaft part 4 can be opened or closed.

To the lid 14 in the passage 10 To be able to lock the closing position, a locking mechanism is provided, which by hand wheels 26 is operable. These handwheels are in the lid 14 integrated, where in the drawing only in the 3 a handwheel 26 at the shaft part 2 facing side of the lid 14 is shown. The locking mechanism is dimensioned to fit on the lid 14 exerts such a locking force, which is also the flooded shaft part 4 on the lid 14 withstand acting water pressure.

In the shaft, a climbing aid, not shown in the figures, preferably a ladder is arranged, via which a person to Unterwasserausstieg from the submarine into the upper, second shaft part 4 can climb. To stand there safely, there is a stand there 28 in the form of a non-slip grid so arranged that in the shaft part 4 one from the stand area 28 consists of measured standing height of about two meters.

Is the person in the shaft part 4 , the passage can 10 between the chess part 2 and the shaft part 4 through the lid 14 be closed, so that then the shaft part 4 pressure-tight from the shaft part 2 is disconnected. Then the shaft part 4 flooded to the at the top of the shaft part 4 open hatch to open. The funds required for this purpose are not shown in the drawing for the sake of clarity, they otherwise correspond to the prior art. During the exit of this person, another person may be in the first part of the shaft 2 wait for their exit under the pressure conditions prevailing in the pressure body and the lid 14 open when the upper hatch of the shaft part 4 closed and the shaft part 4 dehydrated again. Then she can leave the submarine in the manner described above.

In the figures, the transition from the shaft to the pressure hull of the submarine is not shown. It should therefore be noted at this point that the bottom of the shaft part 2 , which connects directly to the pressure body, can be designed both as a hatch with a lid lockable and as an open access. For example, a shaft originally provided for discharging two persons, which is pressure-tightly lockable on its underside with a cover opposite the pressure body of the submarine, can be converted so that an upper part of the shaft is separated and a second shaft part 4 is flanged, wherein between the first part of the shaft 2 and the second shaft part 4 in the manner according to the invention by means of a lid 14 pressure-tight lockable passage 10 is provided. The lid at the bottom of the shaft part 2 is then no longer really necessary, since the lid 14 the task of a foreclosure of the pressure hull over the water pressure takes over, however, provides the lid on the underside of the shaft part 2 a double security against a possible ingress of water.

2

shaftpiece

4

shaftpiece

6

plate

8th

plate

10

passage

12

Süll

14 14 '

cover

16

transmission

18

transmission

20

handwheel

22

transmission shaft

24

drive unit

26

handwheel

28

footprint

Claims (9)

Submarine with a pressure hull, with a tower and with a shaft located therein, which is designed in two parts and a first shaft part ( 2 ) with access to the pressure body and a second shaft part ( 4 ) having a pressure-tight sealable opening to the atmosphere surrounding the submarine there, the first and second shaft parts ( 2 . 4 ) are arranged one above the other and between the first shaft part ( 2 ) and the second shaft part ( 4 ) a pressure-tight lockable passage ( 10 ) is provided and only the second shaft part ( 4 ) is designed as a lock for discharging a person. Submarine according to claim 1, wherein in the second shaft part ( 4 ) Means for flooding and drainage are provided. Submarine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the second shaft part ( 4 ) opposite the first shaft part ( 2 ) with a lid ( 14 ) is lockable, which preferably for opening in the first shaft part ( 2 ) is give away. Submarine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in the first and in the second shaft part ( 2 . 4 ) Medium ( 16 . 18 . 20 . 22 ) for opening and closing the lid ( 14 ) are provided. Submarine according to claim 4, wherein the cover ( 14 ) via a transmission ( 16 ) is pivotable and wherein an actuatable drive train ( 18 . 24 ) of the transmission ( 16 ) in each case in the first and the second shaft part ( 2 . 4 ) is arranged. Submarine according to claim 5, wherein the transmission ( 16 ) a transmission wave ( 22 ) having. Submarine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cover ( 14 ) has a lock, which of the first and the second shaft part ( 2 . 4 ) is actuated. Submarine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in the second shaft part ( 4 ) a preferably non-slip base ( 28 ) is arranged. Submarine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first shaft part and the second shaft part ( 4 ) are formed as separate components, which are interconnected by means of a flange connection.