DE102005000768A1 - Pyrolysis apparatus for gasifying biomass includes a funnel shaped vertical gasification chamber arranged inside a combustion chamber and which feeds a gasification residue discharge outlet at its lower end - Google Patents

Abstract

A pyrolysis apparatus includes a vertical cylindrical gasification chamber (20) which is funnel-shaped at the bottom and opens into a residue discharge outlet (27). The gasification chamber (20) is situated inside a combustion chamber (40) : The biomass pyrolysis apparatus is heated by the combustion chamber and also has an inlet (26) for the biomass (70) and a discharge outlet (28) for the pyrolysis gas (79) An independent claim is also included for the production of pyrolysis gas from biomas.

Description

The The invention relates to devices for the production of pyrolysis gas according to the preamble of claims 1 and 11 and method for producing pyrolysis gas according to the preamble the claims 18 and 19.

The Gasification of biomass such as woodchips, wood pellets and the like is being used more frequently in recent times, for example for the supply of combined heat and power plants. To such pyrolysis plants to operate economically, must the biomass used as possible effective - that is called as fast as possible and completely - in pyrolysis gas be implemented. However, it is difficult, both high throughput biomass and their complete recovery. For example, in WO 01/02513 A1 a device for generating Pyrolysis gas according to the preamble of claim 1 discloses. In this device, the gasification room spaced apart from the combustion chamber. At the bottom The end of the gasification chamber is a provided with a screw conveyor Connecting passage to the combustion chamber provided by the carbonaceous Residues of the Pyrolysis products are conveyed from the gasification chamber into the combustion chamber. The combustion fluidized bed in the combustion chamber in turn becomes fluid bed material led into the gasification room. These Device is complicated and big.

In contrast, lies The present invention is based on the object, a device to create pyrolysis gas which is simple and with respect to Size compact is constructed and works efficiently and as simply as possible. Furthermore The present invention is based on the object, efficient and easy to perform procedures to create pyrolysis gas.

These Tasks are with devices according to claim 1 or 11 as well as with method according to claim 18 or 19 solved. Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

There in the device according to the invention the gasification chamber is located inside the combustion chamber and so to speak enclosed by this, the gasification room becomes easier Way of the combustion chamber, in which by combustion the temperature is generated to operate the gasification chamber, heated. The biomass, not or not completely in the gasification chamber has been decomposed by pyrolysis, is through the residue outlet directly, i. without detour and / or elaborate Conveyor, led into the combustion chamber, where it is burned to heat the gasification room. Through this Construction is the device according to the invention very compact and simple.

A particularly easy transition the biomass from the gasification room into the combustion chamber, when the lower end of the gasification chamber is funnel-shaped and the residue outlet, whereby the biomass to a Burn grate out can be located in the combustion chamber. When doing so to the lower end of the funnel, a pipe socket is formed, which is above the Combustion grate opens and its upper and lower ends each by one independently actuated Lock with conical closing surfaces can be closed and opened is, the dosage can be promoted to the combustion chamber Biomass is very easy and very well controlled.

Of the Deduction of the generated pyrolysis gas can be simplified and improved be, if arranged in the gasification room, a gas collection tube is, outside the biomass is supplied from above and its lower end reaches down almost to the funnel, the upper end of which opens into the pyrolysis gas outlet or this forms. A particularly good mixing of the biomass and thus a particularly efficient gasification can be achieved by that the gas collection tube is a standing cylinder, which is about its axis is turned. On the outside is a radially and possibly additionally axially extending entrainment device in the form of, for example, floors, transport screws, etc. educated. By the entrainment device, the biomass is good to the heated outside wall led the gasification room.

It is advantageous to drive the gas collection tube by a shaft, in the interior of an air line reaching into the gas collection pipe is provided in the upper area of the funnel section via air inlet openings flows into the gasification room. As a result, on the one hand, the drive shaft can be cooled and, on the other hand the prevailing in the gasification temperature of about 600 to 800 ° C on higher Temperatures of more than 900 to 1000 ° C or even far above are increased which allows in particular the tar cracking.

To clean the funnel portion of particles deposited there, it is advantageous to attach at least one funnel scraper at the lower end of the rotatable gas collection tube, the at the funnel section attacks.

Around one possible Good dosage of biomass in the combustion chamber regardless of the throughput of To achieve biomass in the gasification room, it is advantageous to have a additional Provide biomass inlet into the combustion chamber.

If a gas cleaning device is provided for purifying the pyrolysis gas is special, in terms of material and energy use efficient, a combustible filter material such as activated carbon to use and these by means of a transport device from the Gas purifier to promote the combustion chamber, so that the filter material best possible is exploited.

A particularly simple embodiment of the transport device in side by side arranged gas cleaning device and combustion chamber can be achieved be when the transport device as a tube, preferably with a gradient towards the combustion chamber, formed from the lower end of the gas purification device leads to the combustion grate. If the lower end of the gas cleaning device funnel-shaped is does not need its own device for collecting the transported Filter material may be provided. The separate opening and closing of the upper and lower ends of a pipe section adjoining the hopper at the bottom takes place in an advantageous manner with a similar lock with conical closing surfaces, such as they in connection with the transport of biomass from the gasification room is provided in the combustion chamber.

The Gas purifier is self-cleaning when used in accordance with Claim 16 is configured. In the embodiment according to claim 17, the gas can also be cooled by means of a fluid. Such Gas purification device can be independent of the pyrolysis and regardless of the Device according to the invention also be used for the treatment of other gases.

Further Advantages, features and peculiarities of the invention arise from the following detailed Description of advantageous embodiments of the invention with reference to the not to scale and not as restrictive to be viewed drawings.

It demonstrate:

1 2 shows a schematic side sectional view through a pyrolysis plant with a device according to the invention according to a first embodiment,

2 an enlarged view of the gas cleaning device of 1 in side view,

3 an enlarged view of the gas cleaning device of 1 in plan view, and

4 a schematic side sectional view through a pyrolysis plant with a device according to the invention according to a second embodiment.

In 1 is the device according to the invention 10 to produce pyrolysis gas in an overall view. biomass 70 gets out of a reservoir 71 about one by a motor 72 driven transport screw 74 in a gasification room 20 in which they have a biomass inlet at the top 26 is introduced and moves downwards due to gravity. The gasification room 20 may in the vertical direction, for example, a rectangular, square or round cross-section. At the bottom of the gasification room 20 there is a funnel section 24 , at the lower end, in turn, a pipe socket 32 followed. In the gasification room 20 there is a gas collection pipe 22 whose lower end is slightly above the funnel section 24 located. The distance (about 30 to 40 mm) between gas collection pipe 22 and funnel section 24 is calculated so that biomass 70 that is not or not completely gassed on the funnel section 24 at the lower end of the gas collection tube 22 over down to the pipe socket 32 can slide towards.

On the outer wall of the gas collection pipe 22 is a driving device 23 arranged, which is for example in the form of shelves, screw conveyors or the like formed and radially and possibly also with a vertical component of the gas collection tube 22 extends away. The gas collection pipe 22 is designed as a stationary cylinder and is powered by a motor 46 over a wave 47 rotated about its axis, which is indicated by an arrow C. This is also the driving device 23 set in rotation and thus mixes the biomass filled from above 70 on the one hand by or loosens and promotes them on the other hand to the outer wall of the gasification chamber 20 , which - as described later - is heated. At the bottom of the gas collection pipe 22 are two funnel scrapers 49 in the form of flat iron attached to the funnel section 24 attack and scrape particles or adhering particles.

The funnel section 24 with the adjoining pipe socket 32 forms a residue outlet 27 for the removal of the pyrolysis from the biomass 70 remaining residues after below. As soon as the residues get the pipe socket 32 have passed, they are in a combustion chamber 40 for the insulation of fireclay walls 41 sideways and a floor 43 is limited below. The residues reach one in the combustion chamber 40 arranged combustion grate 42 on which they are represented by a schematically illustrated agitator 45 distributed and then burned. The combustion creates the heat needed to heat the gasification chamber 20 needed to reach the required temperatures. It can be seen that the combustion chamber 40 the gasification room 20 surrounds or surrounds, at least in the radial direction and from below. This is not a "transport" for heating the gasification room 20 generated heat from the combustion chamber 40 which also minimizes heat losses and thus also improves the energy balance. In addition, the rising exhaust gases heat the gasification room 20 additionally.

To the flow of the residues from the gasification room 20 in the combustion chamber 40 to steer is at the transition from the funnel section 24 in the pipe socket 32 above its upper end 33 a lock 35 with underlying conical closing surfaces 37 intended. Further, at the bottom 34 of the pipe socket 32 a lock 36 provided with overhead conical closing surfaces. The two locks 35 and 36 are operable separately. As a result, for example, the upper lock 35 be moved up to residues in the pipe socket 32 to flow while the lower lock 36 has gone up and thereby the gasification room 20 opposite the combustion chamber 40 seals. This is indicated by a double arrow A. After that, the upper lock 35 be driven down, causing the gasification room 20 opposite the pipe socket 32 is sealed, and then the lower lock 36 while maintaining the seal of the combustion chamber 40 opposite the gasification room 20 be driven down to the residues on the combustion grate 42 flow or trickle. Through these from the two locks 35 and 36 formed double lock can be ensured that as little air (especially oxygen) as possible from the combustion chamber 40 in the gasification room 20 passes and can affect the pyrolysis. The ashes produced during combustion of the residues 76 falls through the combustion grate 42 through and over a chute 77 to the outside in an ash container 78 guided.

The biomass entering from above 70 is thus in the gasification room 20 piled up and by the driving device 23 stirred, but remains gas permeable, as the biomass 70 in the form of wood pellets, wood chips or similar granular material such as sewage sludge granules is filled. At about 600 to 800 ° C, wood is degassed and carbonized in the pyrolysis, which usually only a small air supply of about 10% is required. The resulting pyrolysis gas 79 is via one at the top of the gas collection tube 20 located pyrolysis gas outlet 28 sucked off, (see schematic illustration by an arrow E and the suction into the pyrolysis gas outlet 28 which is indicated by arrows D). That from the biomass 70 generated pyrolysis gas 79 is, as indicated schematically by arrows B, initially sucked down and enters from below into the gas collection tube 22 one. To go in the gasification room 20 before entering the gas collection pipe 22 (ie approximately in the area at the funnel section 24 ) to achieve a higher temperature of more than 900 ° C or even far more than 1000 ° C, which is required for the tar cracking, an air supply or oxygen supply is provided. Inside the shaft 47 this is one in the gas collection tube 22 Sufficient air duct 48 provided by the transported air through it in the wall of the gas collection tube 22 existing air intake openings 25 in the gasification room 20 feeds, wherein the dosage can be suitably controlled or regulated via a throttle. The air supply simultaneously turns the shaft 47 cooled.

A preheating of the stored in the reservoir and then in the screw conveyor 74 subsidized biomass 70 as it were after the countercurrent principle is achieved by the screw conveyor 74 with a double-walled jacket 75 is provided and the reservoir 71 with a double-walled and with the sheath 75 associated cladding 73 is provided and the hot exhaust gases via a flue gas outlet serving as a chimney 50 from the combustion chamber 40 be diverted there before they can leave.

The pyrolysis gas 79 is in a gas purification device 80 cleaned, as a standing aligned outer cylinder 81 is formed, in the coaxial with an inner cylinder 82 is disposed in the activated carbon as a combustible filter material 99 is fed. The outer cylinder 81 has at its top a gas inlet 83 on, and the inner cylinder 82 has at its upper end a gas outlet 84 as well as an inlet lock 85 , For example, a pinch or check valve, for the filter material 99 on. In the between the outer cylinder 81 and the inner cylinder 82 formed annulus 86 extend radially aligned lamellar baffles 87 standing on a support 88 are mounted by means of which they are around the axis of the gas cleaning device 80 are rotatable. The carrier is a funnel-shaped bottom under the baffles forming ring 88a who is over (only in 3 shown) the passage of the filter material 99 to non-obstructive spokes below 88b with one of a motor 14 driven shaft 93 connected and thereby (together with the baffles 87 ) can be set in rotation, which is indicated by arrows H.

The baffles 87 are alternately in the region of their upper end and in the region of their lower end with a passage opening 89 Mistake. Some of the baffles 87 have radially inside and outside each a Wandabstreifer 90 in the form of a brush (although, for example, a sharp-edged blade is also suitable) on the outer cylinder 81 or on the inner cylinder 82 along scraped, whereby there adhering impurities are eliminated and either entrained with the gas flow or fall down and the lock described later 55 reach. In the lower area of the inner cylinder 82 is a gas passage 91 from the annulus 86 in the inner cylinder 82 provided, which is approximately 180 ° in the circumferential direction with respect to the gas inlet 83 is arranged offset. This allows the pyrolysis gas 79 from the gas inlet 83 in the annulus 86 both clockwise and counterclockwise in a through the baffles 87 with their openings 89 forced vertical zigzag movement to and through the gas passage 91 (as indicated by arrow I) in the inner cylinder 82 and through the filter material located there 99 through (indicated by arrows F) to the gas outlet 84 stream.

As a rule, the pyrolysis gas 79 in the gas purification device 80 also cooled at the same time. This is the outer cylinder 81 formed double-walled, thereby forming an outer cooling jacket 94 , and that is inner cylinder 82 formed double-walled, thereby forming one with the outer cooling jacket 94 connected inner cooling jacket 95 , The outer cooling jacket 94 has a fluid inlet on one side 96 and on the other side a fluid outlet 97 on. For the flow through the cooling jackets 94 . 95 by a fluid such as air or water provides a fluid delivery pump 92 , where from the fluid outlet 97 exiting fluid in a closed system again cooled and through the fluid inlet 96 in the gas purification device 80 can be returned. This will cause the pyrolysis gas 79 cooled in countercurrent process.

As mentioned, the pyrolysis gas flows through 79 the filter bed made of activated carbon and is thereby cleaned. The thus purified and cooled pyrolysis gas 79 is corresponding to an arrow G for further use of the gas purification device 80 taken. For further purification of the pyrolysis gas 79 If desired, a fine filter such as a cyclone can be connected downstream.

In conventional gas cleaners, the activated carbon is removed from the gas purifier after use, however complete and / or efficient it may be. At the gas purification device 80 However, according to the present invention, the "leached" activated carbon is also put to use by being introduced into the combustion chamber 40 is led to be burned. For this purpose, the removal of activated carbon is a double lock from two locks 55 and 56 , similar to the double lock from the locks described above 35 and 36 , intended. The lower end of the gas purifier 80 has a funnel section 54 with subsequent pipe section 52 on. The upper end 51 of the pipe section 52 is with the lock 55 with conical closing surfaces located at the bottom 57 optionally closed or opened, and the lower end 53 of the pipe section 52 is with the lock 56 with overhead conical closing surfaces 58 closed or opened. For the best possible sealing of the gas cleaning device 80 when removing activated carbon 99 are the two locks 55 and 56 independently operable. The activated carbon which has flowed through downwards 99 is used as a transport device 60 serving inclined pipe, through which it enters the combustion chamber 40 slips. Thus, the activated carbon used can best be exploited. In addition, no used activated carbon needs to be disposed of separately or stored, but it only has their ash together with the ash of the biomass disposed of. This procedure is very material and energy efficient.

The device described above can be built with a very small footprint. Thus, according to a preferred, very compact embodiment, the gas collection tube 22 an outer diameter of about 300 mm, while the gasification room 20 has a total width or a diameter of about 500 mm.

Through the two double locks 35 . 36 and 55 . 56 can the gas exchange between the individual rooms within the device according to the invention 10 be largely avoided.

Below the combustion grate 42 may be a fan 12 for blowing air or oxygen into the combustion chamber 40 To achieve higher temperatures and a vibrator, not shown for better distribution of the on the combustion grate 42 located biomass 70 be provided.

To the desired or required pressure conditions in the device according to the invention 10 to ensure pressure sensors are arranged at various points, of which two pressure sensors, for example 15 and 16 shown are, so that a suitable control (eg PLC) or control of the existing blower can produce and maintain these pressure conditions.

4 shows a second embodiment of the device according to the invention, wherein components provided with the same reference numerals have the same function or configuration as in the first embodiment. Hereinafter, to avoid unnecessary repetition, only the most important differences from the first embodiment will be briefly discussed. The exhaust gases from the combustion chamber 40 are not used to preheat the biomass 70 used but from the combustion chamber 40 over a fireplace 50 ' blown off. The takeaway facilities 23 ' are formed as only indicated spikes or hooks that the biomass 70 Promote to the outside to the wall and loosen up at the same time, with open-plan shelves 21 too rapid a fall of the biomass 70 to prevent down and their "down in the gasification room 20 guarantee. An air line 48 ' gets radially through the combustion chamber 40 passed through to air inlet openings 25 ' additional air in the gasification room 20 feed. Trichterabstreifer 49 ' are on a rotatable upper lock 35 ' for cleaning the funnel section 24. The ash 76 falls into one below the combustion grate 42 arranged ash container 78 , The gas purification device 80 ' is not funnel-shaped at the bottom, but collects and promotes the abzutransportierende filter material 99 by means of one of a motor 61 driven auger 62 to the transport device 60 , In addition, the gas flow takes place within the gas purification device 80 ' in this embodiment, not from outside to inside within a cylinder, but (according to this drawing) from right to left while flowing through (see arrow F) of the filter material arranged in the middle 99 ,

It It should be noted that with reference to individual embodiments described features of the invention, such as details of Gasification and combustion chamber and the gas purification device, the transport device and the locks, or other constructive Special features and possible uses of the gas cleaning device according to the invention, also in other embodiments can be present except if otherwise stated or for technical reasons forbids itself.

Claims (19)

Apparatus for producing pyrolysis gas, comprising a gasification chamber ( 20 ) for gasification of biomass ( 70 ) to pyrolysis gas ( 79 ) with a biomass inlet ( 26 ) for the supply of biomass ( 70 ) and with a residue outlet ( 27 ) for the removal of residues remaining in the pyrolysis and with a pyrolysis gas outlet ( 28 ) for the pyrolysis gas ( 79 ), and a combustion chamber ( 40 ) for generating the for heating the gasification space ( 20 ) required heat, characterized in that the gasification space ( 20 ) within the combustion chamber ( 40 ) and the residue outlet ( 27 ) in the combustion chamber ( 40 ) opens. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the gasification space ( 20 ) Is designed substantially as a standing aligned cylinder. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lower end of the gasification space ( 20 ) a funnel section ( 24 ), which the residual material outlet ( 27 ) and above one in the combustion chamber ( 40 ) arranged combustion grate ( 42 ) opens. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that in the gasification room ( 20 ) a gas collecting pipe ( 22 ) is arranged, the lower end to just below the hopper section ( 24 ) and its upper end into the pyrolysis gas outlet ( 28 ), the biomass inlet ( 26 ) outside the gas collection tube ( 22 ) in the gasification room ( 20 ) opens. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the gas collecting pipe ( 22 ) is formed substantially as a standing aligned, about its axis rotatable cylinder, on the outside of which a radially extending driving device ( 23 ) for the mixing of the biomass ( 70 ) is located. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the gas collecting pipe ( 22 ) by a wave ( 47 ) is driven, in the interior of which one in the gas collection tube ( 22 ) reaching air line ( 48 ) is provided, which in the upper part of the funnel section ( 24 ) via air inlet openings ( 25 ) in the gasification room ( 20 ) opens. Apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that at the lower end of the gas collecting tube ( 22 ) at least one funnel scraper ( 49 ) attached to the funnel section ( 24 ) attacks to clean it. Device according to one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that at the lower end of the funnel portion ( 24 ) one above the combustion grate ( 42 ) opening pipe socket ( 32 ) whose upper end ( 33 ) and its lower end ( 34 ) each by a separately operable lock ( 35 . 36 ) with conical closing surfaces ( 37 . 38 ) is closable. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a double-walled casing ( 75 ) ( 74 ) for conveying the biomass ( 70 ) from a storage container ( 71 ) in the gasification room ( 20 ), wherein the storage container ( 71 ) preferably a double-walled and with the sheath ( 75 ) associated envelope ( 73 ), and the combustion chamber ( 40 ) has an exhaust gas outlet, the exhaust gases in the interior of the casing ( 75 ), before they are discharged through a fireplace to the outside. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the combustion chamber ( 40 ) an additional inlet ( 44 ) for biomass. Device, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, for producing pyrolysis gas ( 79 ) comprising a gasification room ( 20 ) for gasification of biomass ( 70 ) to pyrolysis gas ( 79 ) with a biomass inlet ( 26 ) for the supply of biomass ( 70 ) and with a residue outlet ( 27 ) for the removal of residues remaining in the pyrolysis and with a pyrolysis gas outlet ( 28 ) for the pyrolysis gas ( 79 ), a combustion chamber ( 40 ) for generating the for heating the gasification space ( 20 ), and a gas purification device ( 80 ) for purifying the pyrolysis gas ( 79 ) by means of a combustible filter material ( 99 ), characterized in that a transport device ( 60 ) for transporting filter material ( 99 ) from the gas purification device ( 80 ) in the combustion chamber ( 40 ) is provided. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the gas purification device ( 80 ) next to the combustion chamber ( 40 ) and the transport device ( 60 ) is formed as a pipe, which from the region of the lower end of the gas cleaning device ( 80 ) in an area above one in the combustion chamber ( 40 ) arranged combustion grate ( 42 ) leads. Apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the tube a slope to the combustion chamber ( 40 ). Device according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the lower end of the gas purification device ( 80 ) a funnel section ( 54 ), which in the transport device ( 60 ) opens. Apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that at the lower end of the funnel portion ( 54 ) a pipe section ( 52 ) whose upper end ( 51 ) and its lower end ( 53 ) each by a separately operable lock ( 55 . 56 ) with conical closing surfaces ( 57 . 58 ) is closable. Device according to one of claims 10 to 15, characterized in that the gas purification device ( 80 ) as a substantially upright aligned outer cylinder ( 81 ) is formed in the coaxial with an inner cylinder ( 82 ) for receiving the filter material ( 99 ), wherein the outer cylinder ( 81 ) a gas inlet ( 83 ) and the inner cylinder ( 82 ) at its upper end a gas outlet ( 84 ) and an inlet lock ( 85 ) for the filter material ( 99 ), in the annulus ( 86 ) between the outer cylinder ( 81 ) and the inner cylinder ( 82 ) Baffles ( 87 ), preferably radially aligned, extending on a support ( 88 ) by which they are mounted around the axis of the gas cleaning device ( 80 ) are rotatable, wherein of the baffles ( 87 ) every second in the area of its upper end and the other baffles ( 87 ) in the region of its lower end with an opening ( 89 ) and at least one of the baffles ( 87 ) one on the outer cylinder ( 81 ) and / or on the inner cylinder ( 82 ) attacking wall scraper ( 90 ), and in the lower region of the inner cylinder ( 82 ) a gas passage ( 91 ) from the annulus ( 86 ) in the inner cylinder ( 82 ), which is approximately 180 ° in the circumferential direction with respect to the gas inlet ( 83 ) is arranged offset. Apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that the outer cylinder ( 81 ) is double-walled and thereby an outer cooling jacket ( 94 ) and the inner cylinder ( 82 ) is double-walled and thereby one with the outer cooling jacket ( 94 ) connected inner cooling jacket ( 95 ), wherein the cooling jackets ( 94 . 95 ) a fluid inlet ( 96 ) and a fluid outlet ( 97 ) for the flow through the cooling jackets ( 94 . 95 ) by a fluid. Process for the production of pyrolysis gas ( 79 ), in which biomass ( 70 ) in a gasification room ( 20 ) gasified with a biomass inlet ( 26 ) for the supply of biomass ( 70 ) and with a residue outlet ( 27 ) for the removal of residues remaining in the pyrolysis and with a pyrolysis gas outlet ( 28 ) for the pyrolysis gas ( 79 ) and the heat required for its heating from a combustion chamber ( 40 ) receives, characterized in that the Verga within the combustion chamber ( 40 ) arranged gasification chamber ( 20 ) and not gasified biomass ( 70 ) via the residue outlet ( 27 ) in the combustion chamber ( 40 ) and burned there. Process for the production of pyrolysis gas ( 79 ), in particular according to claim 18, wherein the biomass supplied ( 70 ) in a gasification room ( 20 ) gasified with a biomass inlet ( 26 ) for the supply of biomass ( 70 ) and with a residue outlet ( 27 ) for the removal of residues remaining in the pyrolysis and with a Pyroiysegas outlet ( 28 ) for the pyrolysis gas ( 79 ) and the heat required for its heating from a combustion chamber ( 40 ), and in which the pyrolysis gas ( 79 ) in a gas purification device ( 80 ) by means of a filter material ( 99 ), characterized in that as filter material ( 99 ) a combustible filter material, preferably activated carbon, used and from the gas cleaning device ( 80 ) in the combustion chamber ( 40 ) is transported and burned there.