DE102004051297A1 - cast stone - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a shaped block (S), in particular for forming a wall odr a slope wall, with a body (K) and disposed thereon wings (F), which are aligned to laterally adjacent form stones. Here, the molded block (S) on a left wing (F, FL) and a right wing (F, FR), which are arranged in front of or behind a vertical plane (E), which at half stone depth of the stone form (S) in a SHV and a rear half (SHH) divides and wherein the wings (F, FL, FR) are offset from one another by at least one chord.

Description

The The invention relates to a molded block according to the preamble of the claim 1.

From the CH 687 394 is known a molded block, which consists of a body and arranged on two opposite sides wings. A disadvantage of this molded block is that the molded block in the production of straight walls only allows the production of walls, which have openings to one side and are formed weak in the region of these openings. Furthermore, it is disadvantageous that the known shaped block in the production of walls or embankment walls does not allow length compensation, so you have to cut expensive stones in order to achieve dimensions which do not correspond to an integer multiple of a grid of the stones.

Of the The invention is based on the object of developing a molded block, with which stable straight walls can be produced and which at the production of walls and embankment walls linear or Radienausgleiche allowed.

These The object is based on the features of the preamble of the claim 1 according to the invention the characterizing features of claim 1 solved. In the subclaims are indicated advantageous and expedient developments.

Of the molded block according to the invention is with a left wing and a right wing equipped, both in front or both behind a vertical one Plane are arranged, the plane half the stone shape Stone depth in two halves divides and where the wings at least one wing chord arranged offset from each other. Due to the staggered arrangement the wing Is it possible adjacent shaped stones with completely or partially overlapping wings to arrange next to each other. This will on the one hand the stability of the wall elevated, since these are in the transition area of two adjacent form stones entirely or at least partially having a strength which one double wing depth equivalent. Furthermore allow the staggered wings, adjacent To arrange shaped stones at different distances from each other and thereby the wall length to vary. By alternately twisted by 180 ° about a vertical axis Stringing stones together walls are produced in which the wings adjacent shaped stones in each case in front of and behind the vertical parting line lie and thus stabilize the wall particularly well. Core of Invention is a body with laterally arranged wings, which by their offset arrangement in front of or behind a plane parallel to the visible surface of the Molded block-oriented center plane, a variety of positioning options allow adjacent shaped stones. To these positioning possibilities belongs not only the possibility the stones in a wall layer at different distances from each other to follow and no loss in terms of the quality of the wall having to accept but also the possibility the stones in different orientation - aligned by 180 ° (Rotation about a vertical axis) - together to add and thereby walls of different construction and different To realize optics.

The Invention provides a positive and / or frictional interaction of the wings of adjacent Form stones in front of the wall to be formed by each other effectively supporting shaped blocks one high inherent stability to rent.

Farther the invention provides, the left wing and the right wing with form the same dimensions. This is the intended Offset optimal interaction of the wings possible.

Especially the invention provides, the left wing point symmetrical to the right Form wings. This simplifies the construction and leads to a comparable Resilience of the two wings.

According to the invention the molded concrete block to produce this cost in large quantities to be able to.

Farther provides the invention, between the carcasses of adjacent blocks and their wings to form a cavity, wherein the two wings for this purpose a distance from each other have or offset by more than one chord each other are or at least a return exhibit. This cavity causes a further stabilization of the Wall and allows also a filling with concrete, mortar or earth.

The Invention provides the wing with at least one projection and / or at least one return train. This is a form-fitting cooperate as the Example of a claw between the stones possible.

A special embodiment provides, the projection or the return at a free end of the grand piano train. As a result, a deep lying in the adjacent form stone Force application possible, which the transmission high forces allowed between the adjacent shaped stones.

Furthermore, the invention provides, on the Body to form at least one projection or a return. This shape also allows a positive connection between a wing and a body of an adjacent block and increases the stability of the wall.

Especially the invention sees an interaction between the projection or the return of the grand piano and the return or the protrusion of an adjacent body in front of the stability of the wall to increase.

As well the invention sees an interaction between the projection or the return of the grand piano and the wing of an adjacent pebble in front of the stability of the wall to increase.

According to the invention it is intended to the corpus of the molded block in the plan view as Rectangle or square or triangle or circle or ellipse or Trapeze form. This allows Walls are created in a variety of optics, which all Having advantages of the invention.

Farther provides the invention, the molded block in the region of its body with at least one of a top to a bottom of the Formsteins reaching vertical breakthrough. hereby the weight can be bigger Limestones are kept within limits.

The Invention also sees one to the bottom of the form stone tapering Breakthrough before. Such a breakthrough can be made in terms of manufacturing technology Easy to make with a stone forming machine, as there is a large draft angle.

Farther the invention provides to arrange on an inner surface of the opening noses. hereby has the molded stone over Supports that allow the attachment and suspension of internals.

The Invention provides for inserting at least one plate into the opening, to at least partially close the breakthrough. hereby Is it possible, for example at embankment walls to direct the roots of the plants into the embankment.

Farther the invention provides, the breakthrough in the molded block to a top and / or to shoot at the bottom of the form stone. A closure to one Top allows a simple conclusion of the top stone layer of a wall. By a closure a brick up and down in an embankment can easily be a specifically created by the vegetation excluded zone.

The Invention also sees supporting ribs in front of the corpus of the formstone to laterally adjacent form stones are formed out. This is an enlarged support surface for a Form stone of a next higher wall layer created the stability raised the wall.

According to the invention is between the wing and the body provided a predetermined breaking point, with little effort Form corners or wall closures to be able to where the wing is not required.

Finally sees the invention before, the wing in a width, which is between 1/3 and 3/4 of the carcass width lies. In such a wing-body ratio is also a greater length compensation possible, without a sufficient overlap the wing to be without.

in the For the purposes of the invention, a wing is understood to mean an extension, whose width (FB) is greater as its depth (FT). This is within the meaning of the invention, a cam to distinguish in which the width (FB) is smaller than that Depth (FT). For the wings the molded blocks according to the invention applies in principle FB> FT.

Further Details of the invention are described in the drawing with reference to FIG illustrated embodiments described.

in this connection shows:

1 - 3 three variants of a first molded block according to the invention in perspective view,

4 : A perspective view of three in a wall layer next to each other arranged form stones, which in the 1 Corresponding molded block,

5 - 6 : Top views of a second and a third molded block according to the invention,

7a - 7c : Top views of three different wall layers, which with the out of the 5 known second molded block are formed

8a - 8c : Top views of three different wall layers, which with the out of the 6 known third molded block are formed

9a - 9c 3: plan views of a fourth molded block according to the invention and two wall layers formed therewith,

10 : a top view of a two-layer embankment wall,

11 FIG. 2: a plan view of a fifth molded block according to the invention with projections and recesses, FIG.

12 : A plan view of a sixth molded block according to the invention and

13 : a top view of another wall variant.

The 1 to 3 show three embodiments of a first molded block S according to the invention in a perspective view. The molded block S consists essentially of a body K and two wings F, which are also referred to below as the left wing FL and right wing FR. The body K has the contour of a rectangle R in plan view. The molded block S or the body K are divided from a vertical plane E into a front half SHV and a rear half SHH. Here, the plane E is centered between a first visible side 1 and a second viewing page 2 of the molded block S arranged. The plane E thus has with respect to a stone depth ST to the front visible side 1 and to the rear visible side 2 in each case the distance of half a stone depth HST = 0.5 × ST. The wings F are on a right side surface 3 and a left side surface 4 of the molded block S, run approximately parallel to the plane E and have identical dimensions with one wing depth FT, one wing width FB and one wing height FH. A front side 21 of the right wing FR lies with the visible side 1 of the molded block S in a common plane E1, which is parallel to the plane E. A front side 8th of the left wing FL is set back relative to this plane E1 in the direction of the plane E. The molded block S has, in addition to the pebble depth ST, a pebble width SB and a pebble height SH, the pebble depth ST corresponding to a body depth KT and the pebble height SH to a body height KH. The shape stone width SB is finally calculated from the two wing widths FB and a body width KB. Up and down is the molded block S through a top 5 and a bottom 6 limited. Characteristic of the shaped block S are the wings F and FL and FR arranged laterally in the front half SHV of the shaped brick S. These have in the y-direction to each other a distance DF, wherein the distance DF between a rear side 7 the right wing FR and the front 8th the left wing FL is measured. The wings FL and FR are point symmetrical to a point of symmetry SP. Optionally, edges K1 and / or K2, at which the wings F pass into the body K, are provided as predetermined breaking points S1, S2 with a notch (not shown here) in order to facilitate the separation of a wing F which is not required on the wall ends.

The Indian 1 illustrated molded block S is designed as a solid stone. In contrast to this point in the 2 and 3 illustrated blocks S with identical dimensions and identical outer shape in each case a vertical breakthrough 9 on which the shaped stone S from the top 5 to the bottom 6 breaks through. When in the 2 illustrated embodiment of the molded block S tapers the breakthrough 9 similar to a reverse truncated pyramid in an arrow z '.

When in the 3 illustrated third embodiment of the molded block S has the breakthrough 9 the shape of a cuboid. On inner walls (without reference numeral) of the breakthrough 9 are four noses 10 arranged as a support 11 for one in the breakthrough 9 insertable plate 12 serve. The for the noses 10 Selected positioning allows the breakthrough 9 of the form stone S to the top 5 to complete. This is particularly advantageous in the uppermost layer of a wall made of molded blocks S, as a clean wall close is possible with little effort. Of course, the invention also provides, the noses near the bottom 6 to arrange the form stone S, with the help of the plate the breakthrough 9 to limit down.

Also in the 2 illustrated embodiment of the molded block allows insertion of plates at different heights (z). For this purpose, for example, plates designed as truncated pyramids can be used. Furthermore, it is provided, the breakthrough analogous to that in the 3 shown variant with noses or heels to provide, which can serve as supports for plates or other uses, such as baskets or water storage.

In the 4 For example, a left mold SL, a middle mold S, and a right mold SR are shown in perspective. The molded blocks SL, S, SR are arranged side by side and form part of a wall layer ML of a wall M. In terms of their dimensions correspond to in the 4 shown molded blocks SL, S, SR from the 1 known form stone. All three blocks SL, S, SR are arranged in the same orientation. As a result, the wings F lie in front of the form of the stones SL, S, SR dividing plane E. In the 4 For each of the stones SL, S, SR a plane E is shown, these single planes E form in the just formed wall M course a common plane. Due to the staggered arrangement of the wings F are the wing FR of the block S and the wing F of the block SR or the Wing FL of the molded block S and the wing F of the molded block SL in each case parallel to each other in front of the plane E. Thus, the wall M and the wall layer ML is also formed solid and thus stable between the carcasses K by a double wing assembly. When in the 4 shown arrangement of the stones SL, S, SR close the side surfaces 3 . 4 the molded blocks SL, S, SR and the wing F cavities 13 one. These have a depth T13, which in the 1 represented distance DF corresponds.

In the 5 is a plan view of a second shaped block S shown. This is similar to the one in the 1 shown molded block, wherein wings F and FL and FR are offset in y-direction only by a chord FT to each other and thus in contrast to that from the 1 have known shape stone no distance from each other. In analogy to those in the 2 and 3 Forming stones shown, the molded block S has a breakthrough 9 on. The two wings F are arranged in front of a the shape stone S or its body K dividing plane E.

The 6 shows a third block S, in which wings F and FL, FR lie in front of a body K sharing level E. In contrast to the molded bricks shown in the preceding figures, the wings F at free ends 14 projections 15 on. The wings FL and FR have a distance DS to each other.

In the 7a to 7c are shown in plan view different wall layers ML, which are formed by blocks S, which in the 5 Corresponding molded block correspond. The individual wall layers ML are exemplarily formed in each case by a left-hand shaped block SL, a middle shaped block S and a right-hand shaped block SR.

The individual wall layers ML have different lengths L1, L2, L3, where L1>L2> L3. These differences are caused by a different degree of overlapping of the wings F of adjacent shaped blocks SL, S or S, SR. When in the 7a shown wall layer ML overlap the wing F apart from tolerances almost completely, so that can be said of an overlap degree of about 100. The stones SL, S, SR in the 7b shown wall layer ML have an overlap degree of about 50%, since the wings F each about one half wing width FB forward or behind each other. When in the 7c shown wall layer ML is the degree of overlap with about 25% at a lower limit.

In the 8a to 8c again three different wall layers ML are shown, which are each composed of two shaped bricks SL, S, which in the 6 correspond described shape stone. Regarding the topic of the lengths of the layers of the wall and the degree of overlap, we refer to the remarks on the 7a to 7c directed. As the 8c shows is through the projections 15 at the free ends 14 prevents the wing F falls below a minimum degree of overlap, as they would allow further expansion of the blocks S and SL only if one of the blocks S, SL would be moved simultaneously in the y direction. The 8a and 8b show as a trapped between the wings F cavity 13 decreases as the degree of overlap also decreases in volume. In the in the 8a to 8c shown wall layers ML, the participating blocks S, SL are always placed side by side in the same orientation.

The 9a shows a plan view of a fourth molded block S, which similar to that in the 6 designed molded block is designed. The molded block S consists essentially of a body K and arranged thereon wings F and FL and FR.

In the 9b is a first wall layer ML shown, which consists of three blocks SL, S, SR. These conglomerates SL, S, SR are, like the conglomerates of the wall layers shown in the preceding figures, all aligned in the same orientation, to a visible side 1 to create a smooth wall image, with all the wings F in y 'direction in front of the plane E lie. To an optionally existing second visual pages 2 (freestanding wall) shows the wall layer ML in alternation with the carcasses K recesses 16 on.

The 9c shows a further wall layer ML with four shaped bricks SL, S, SR, SRR, in which the blocks S and SRR are arranged in the known orientation. The other shaped blocks SL and SR are rotated relative to the shaped block S by 180 °, wherein the rotation takes place about a vertical axis H, which occurs perpendicularly from the plane of the drawing. In the wings F of the blocks SL, S, SR, SRR is now for better description between wings FF, which are the plane E away, and wings FN, which are close to the plane E, distinguished. The different transitions between adjacent shaped blocks SL, S or S, SR or SR, SRR are now defined by the fact that two of the plane E distant wing FF or that two of the plane E close wing FN cooperate. If two wings FF work together, the impression of a non-receding wall M1 is created on both sides of the screen. If two wings FN cooperate, creates a wall section M2, which on both sides recesses 16 having.

The third design variant is already in the 9b shown. This results from the interaction of a wing FN near the plane E and a wing FF distant from the plane E. This results in a wall section M3, which only to a visible side of the wall a return 16 having.

Due to the system can be formed with the molded block according to the invention either wall layers, which are consistent consist of wall sections M3 or in which wall sections M1 and M2 alternate or in which wall sections M1, M2 and M3 alternate.

Especially the formation of a wall, which consists of wall sections M3 is, also allows the formation of arched embankment walls.

In the 10 is a plan view of a slope wall M made of molded blocks S, wherein the blocks S in the 9a Corresponding molded block correspond. The wall M consists of a lower wall layer ML1 and a relation to this set back wall layer ML2. Adjacent cones S of the lower wall layer ML1 are each rotated by an angle α = 15 ° about a vertically projecting from the drawing vertical axis. In an idealized view, the conglomerates S of the lower wall layer ML1 describe an arc (not shown) with a radius R1. Based on the upper wall layer ML2 recessed relative to the lower wall layer ML1, the upper wall layer ML2 describes in an idealized view an arc (not shown) with a radius R2, where R1> R2. The conglomerates S of the upper wall layer ML2 are each rotated by an angle β, wherein in principle also applies due to the smaller radius R2, α> β. Such a structure of the slope wall M is only possible because the degree of overlap of interacting wings F increases from the lower wall layer ML1 to the upper wall layer ML2.

The 11 finally shows a plan view of a fifth block S, which on visible sides 1 . 2 and on side surfaces 3 . 4 his body K tabs 17 and returns 18 having. Also on wings F and FL, FR are at free ends 14 projections 15 educated. The wings F are in front of a half the shape of the stone S dividing and perpendicular to the plane extending plane E. Through the plane E of the stone S is divided into a front half-mold SHV and a rear half-brick SHH. The formed in the front half of the mold SHV wings FL and FR are offset from each other and have a distance DT to each other, wherein at the free ends 14 arranged protrusions 15 bridge this distance DT when wings F of adjacent and identically aligned blocks S interact. Furthermore, the molded block S has a breakthrough 9 on which of a top 5 to a bottom (without reference) runs. The breakthrough 9 has like a reverse truncated pyramid inclined inner surfaces 19 on, two of which in a paragraph 20 pass. On the heels 20 is a plate 12 can be deposited, which partially closes the breakthrough. According to an embodiment variant, not shown, it is provided on the inclined inner surfaces form further paragraphs and thus to allow the insertion of multiple plates at different levels. It is particularly provided to complete the molded block to its bottom and its top with a plate. The in the 11 on the side surfaces 3 . 4 arranged recesses 18 are sized so that the free ends 14 of 180 ° against each other twisted shaped stones S enter into this and a positive cohesion of adjacent blocks S results. Here, adjacent to the plane E near wing FL or FN on the side surface 3 the return 18 arranged, which is provided for receiving a likewise the plane E near the wing of a neighboring stone, not shown. Conversely, in addition to the plane E distant wings FR or FF on the side surface 4 the return 18 arranged, which is provided for receiving a likewise the plane E distant wing of a neighboring stone, not shown. The on the visible sides 1 . 2 arranged recesses 18 allow for rectangular wall courses the positive support of the leg of an adjacent form stone. In an idealized view, the body K has in plan view the contour of a trapezoid T.

The 12 shows a further molded block S in plan view. In this molded block S, both wings are FL, FR opposite a visible side 1 of the form stone S set back. A front side 8th of the left wing FL facing the visible side 1 an offset V1 and a front side 21 the right wing FR faces the visible side 1 an offset V2 on.

In the 13 is a plan view of a wall M of five shaped blocks SLL, SL, S, SR and SRR shown. The molded blocks SL and SR are compared to the blocks S, SLL and SRR respectively rotated by 180 ° about a vertical axis H, said wing FL, FR adjacent blocks SLL, SL or SL, S or S, SR or SR, SRR each with front pages 21 or backsides 22 abut each other. In the case of such a wall M, it is provided, in particular, for the shaped bricks SLL, SL, S, SR and SRR to be designed as palisades in order to be able to form a wall course adapted to an irregular terrain completion.

The The invention is not limited to illustrated or described embodiments limited. Rather, it comprises developments of the invention in the context of Patent claims. In particular, the invention also provides, the body in plan view as a polygon with straight and / or rounded sides. Furthermore, the invention provides to form the body as a palisade.

1

first Visible side of S

2

second Visible side of S

3

right side surface from S.

4

left side surface from S.

5

top from S.

6

bottom from S.

7

back from FR

8th

front from FL

9

vertical Breakthrough in K and S, respectively

10

Nose on 9

11

Support for 12

12

plate

13

cavity

14

free End of F

15

head Start to F

16

return in M

17

head Start at K

18

return at K

19

Inside surface of 6

20

paragraph

21

front from FR

22

back from FL

DF

distance

e

vertical level

E1

Level of 1

F

wing

FL, FR

left or right wing

FF

Wings away from E

FN

Wings close e

FB

leaf width

FH

Leaf height

FT

chord

H

vertical axis from S.

HST

half Shaped block depth

K

corpus

KB

cabinet width

KH

body height

KT

body depth

K1, K2

edge between F and K

L1 - L3

length of ML

M

Wall

ML

wall location

ML1

lower wall location

ML2

upper wall location

M1

back jump loose wall section

M2

wall section with double-sided return

M3

wall section with easy return

R

rectangle

R1

radius from ML1

R2

radius from ML2

S

cast stone

SL

left cast stone

SR

right cast stone

SLL

Another cast stone

SRR

Another cast stone

SB

Form Steinbreite

SH

Shaped brick height

ST

Shaped block depth

SHV

front half from S.

SHH

rear half from S.

SP

point of symmetry for F

S1, S2

Predetermined breaking points

T

trapeze

V1, V2

Offset between 1 and 8th respectively. 1 and 21

α

angle between adjacent shaped stones in ML1

β

angle between adjacent shaped stones in ML2

x, Y Z

spatial directions

Claims (20)

Shaped stone (S, SL, SR, SRR), in particular to form a wall (M) or a slope wall (M), with a body (K) and disposed thereon wings (F), which laterally adjacent form stones (S, SL , SR, SRR), characterized in that the shaped brick (S, SL, SR, SRR) has a left wing (F, FL) and a right wing (F, FR) facing in front of or behind a vertical plane (S, SL, SR). E), which divides the shaped block (S, SL, SR, SRR) into a front half (SHV) and a rear half (SHH) at half the stone depth (HST) and wherein the wings (F; FL, FR) at least offset by a chord (FT) to each other. A shaped block according to claim 1, characterized that the wings (F, FL, FR) adjacent shaped blocks (S, SL, SR, SRR) form and / or friction interact. A molded block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the left wing (FL) and the right wing (FR) have the same dimensions (FT, FB, FH). A molded block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the left wing (FL) is point symmetrical to the right wing (FR) is trained. A molded block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the molded block (S, SL, SR, SRR) can be produced from concrete is. Form stone after one of the preceding ones Claims, characterized in that between the carcasses (K) of adjacent molded blocks (S, SL, SR, SRR) and their wings (F, FL, FR) a cavity ( 13 ) is bildbar. Molding block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wing (F; FL, FR) has at least one projection ( 15 ) and / or has at least one return. Molding block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the projection ( 15 ) or the return at a free end ( 14 ) of the wing (F; FL, FR). Molding block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the body (K) has at least one projection ( 17 ) or return ( 18 ) having. Molding block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the projection ( 15 ) or the return of the wing (F) with the return ( 18 ) or the lead ( 17 ) of an adjacent body (K) cooperates. Molding block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the projection ( 15 ) or the return of the wing (F) with the wing (F) of an adjacent block (S, SL, SR, SRR) cooperates. A molded block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the body (K) of the molded block (S) in plan view as a rectangle (R) or square or triangle or circle or ellipse or trapezoid (T) is formed. Molding block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the body (K) of the shaped block (S, SL, SR, SRR) has at least one vertical opening ( 9 ) having. Molding block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the breakthrough ( 9 ) to a bottom ( 6 ) of the shaped block (S, SL, SR, SRR) at least partially tapered. Molding block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on an inner surface ( 19 ) of the breakthrough ( 9 ) Noses ( 8th ), which are used as supports ( 11 ) are usable Molding block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the breakthrough ( 9 ) at least one plate ( 12 ) through which the breakthrough ( 9 ) is at least partially closable. Molding block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the breakthrough ( 9 ) to a top ( 5 ) and / or to the underside ( 6 ) of the shaped block (S, SL, SR, SRR) is closable. A molded block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the body (K) of the molded block (S, SL, SR, SRR) to laterally adjacent shaped bricks (S, SL, SR, SRR) support ribs are arranged, which as a support for a molded block (S, SL, SR, SRR) of a next higher wall layer serve. A molded block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that between the wing (F) and the body (K) a predetermined breaking point (S1, S2) is provided. A molded block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the wing width (FB) is between 1/3 and 3/4 of the carcass width (KB).