DE102004001961A1 - Powershift transmission with additional gears - Google Patents

Abstract

In geometrically stepped gears with two input shafts 23 and 24 and a countershaft 21, three additional powershift gears are possible with a single switching element 34b, with which the gears 3a1 and 4a independently of shaft 21 can be rotatably coupled together. The gears 3a1 and 4a are idler gears of adjacent gears, each meshing with a fixed gear of the shaft 23 and 24 respectively. DOLLAR A With closed to the left switching element 35 and driven shaft 23, the 2nd gear, which is reduced with closed switching element 34b and driven shaft 24 to a (power-shiftable) 1st gear works. With closed switching element 36 and driven shaft 24, the second highest gear operates, which is extended with closed switching element 34b and driven shaft 23 to a highest gear (powershiftable). A (not shown) reverse gear can be split with closed switching element 34b in two (power shiftable) reverse gears. DOLLAR A progressive progressive gears and a countershaft can be generated with a comparable switching element 34b, an additional forward gear and an additional reverse gear, these gears are also power shiftable. In progressive stepped transmissions with two countershafts, there are many comparable possibilities.

Description

State of technology

In the De 4136455 Six - speed gearboxes are described in which over 2 countershafts a shortened construction is achieved.

In the DE 10239540.3 describes how a reverse gear can be realized with a transmission regardless of the associated countershaft with only one additional gear.

In the DE 10225331.5 are described power shift transmission with central synchronization.

Advantages of invention

In This application describes powershift transmissions in which with a single independent from the associated Countershaft functioning switching element two additional Forward gears and an additional one reverse gear can be realized (geometrically stepped gears) or how even with progressive stepped transmissions additional forward gears (partially also reverse gears) generated can be. The presented transmission variants thus all have a compact design with few gears. Furthermore can in the described variants advantageous a central synchronization take place and a starter generator can be integrated.

Preliminary remarks

As is known, the transmission variants have two input shafts 23 and 24 , which can be rotatably coupled, for example via double clutches with the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine. In variant 1, a wave leads 13 via a differential to the drive wheels (both not drawn), in all other variants mesh the gears 3c and 3d with a (usually not shown) gear, from here the rotation of this gear is transmitted via a differential to the drive wheels.

It are deliberately also gearboxes with few gears presented (variants 2 to 4 and 8). Modern combustion engines are probably few courses out. And the principles shown are the more difficult the less Gears the Have gear. Comparable designed gear with more gears are possible, this is shown in variants 5, 6, 9, 10 and 11.

The Switching elements are e.g. electric, hydraulic or pneumatic approved. The reference numerals are largely to previous applications adjusted, so there are gaps in the order of Numbering.

description the invention

The Description is based on the corresponding schematic drawings. It demonstrate:

1 a schematic diagram of a 6-speed gearbox with geometric gear ratios in a variant 1

2 Schematic diagrams of a 5-speed gearbox with progressive gear ratios in a variant 2

3 a schematic diagram of a 5-speed gearbox with progressive gear ratios and 2 possible reverse gears in a variant 3

4 Schematic diagrams of a 5-speed transmission (a 6th gear is possible) with progressive gear ratios and 3 possible reverse gears in a variant 4

5 a schematic diagram of a 6-speed gearbox with additional off-road gear with progressive gear ratios and 3 possible reverse gears in a variant 5

6 a schematic diagram of a 6-speed gearbox with additional off-road gear with progressive gear ratios and 3 possible reverse gears in a variant 6th

7 a schematic diagram of a 6-speed gearbox with progressive gear ratios (2 reverse gears are possible) in a variant 7th

8th a schematic diagram of a 5-speed gearbox with progressive gear ratios (2 reverse gears are possible) in a variant 8th

9 a schematic representation of a 7-speed transmission with progressive gear ratios (an 8th gear and 2 reverse gears are possible) in a variant 9th

10 a further schematic representation of a 7-speed transmission with progressive gear ratios (an 8th gear and 2 reverse gears are possible) in a variant 10th

11 a schematic diagram of an 8-speed transmission with progressive gear ratios (3 reverse gears are possible) in a variant 11th

version 1

In the 1 illustrated variant 1 is a 6-speed powershift transmission with geometric gears (without drawn reverse gears). The basic transmission in countershaft design has 4 gears with the gears 3c and 3d as a constant. The wave 13 leads to the drive wheels. waves 23 and 24 are the input shafts, wave 21 is the countershaft.

2nd gear works with switching element closed to the left 35 over the gear pair 3.2 . 3a2 , the 3rd gear with closed switching element 34a over the gear pair 4 . 4a , the 4th gear with right closed switching element 35 over the gear pair 3.1 . 3a1 and the 5th gear with closed switching element 36 directly from wave 24 on wave 13 , Because these gears alternate from shaft 23 and 24 work, load switching is always possible.

With the help of the switching element 34b are other powershift gears possible. And that is with closed switching element 34b and driven shaft 24 the speed of shaft 23 reduced by a step in the slow. Thus, the 1st gear works with left closed switching element 35 over the gears of the 2nd gear. In this state, the torque transmission of shaft 24 on wave 23 changed, so it is used in the second gear load. For the gears 3 to 5, the switching element must 34b to be open. Will be the fifth gear in the switching element 34b closed again and then wave 23 driven, so is the speed of shaft 24 translated by a jump in the fast and thus switched from 5th to 6th gear.

A single switching element 34b , which is a non-rotatable connection of the gears 3a1 and 4a regardless of wave 21 allows so generated so 2 additional forward gears, because with closed switching element 34b and driven shaft 24 turns shaft 23 slower by one gear jump and thus extends the 2nd gear to a 1st gear (with load switch option). With driven shaft 23 and closed switching element 34b turns shaft 24 faster by one jump and thus extends the 5th gear to a 6th gear (also with powershift option).

This principle, where 2 neighbors and to the waves 23 respectively. 24 associated gears independent of shaft 21 via a switching element 34b can be coupled and thus generate 2 powershift forward gears, of course, can be used in other gear numbers and with other gear arrangements.

Also for (not drawn) reverse gears this principle can be applied. One to the wave 23 proper reverse gear is when the switching element is closed 34b and driven shaft 24 translated by a step into the slow, while one to the shaft 24 associated reverse gear with closed switching element 34b and driven shaft 23 is translated by a jump in the fast (each with power switch option).

A single switching element 34b Thus generates for such a lathe transmission (with dual clutches) two additional forward gears and an additional reverse gear, without further costs are caused.

Variant 2

In the 2a Outlined variant 2 is a 5-speed powershift transmission with progressive gear ratios in countershaft design with 2 countershafts 21 and 22 and the two input shafts 23 and 24 , That to the countershaft 21 proper gear 3c and that to the counter-wave 22 proper gear 3d meshes with a (not shown) gear, from where the rotation is transmitted to the drive wheels.

The basic gearbox has 4 forward gears. The 1st gear works with switching element closed to the right 36 over the gear pair 4.2 . 4b2 , the 2nd gear with right closed switching element 34 over the gear pair 3.2 . 3a2 , the 3rd gear with left closed switching element 36 over the gear pair 4.1 . 4b1 and the 4th gear with left closed switching element 34 over the gear pair 3.1 . 3a1 ,

2nd gear works via shaft 21 and 3rd gear over shaft 22 , Therefore, the radii of the gears 4.1 . 3.2 . 4a1 and 3a2 be chosen so that with left closed switching element 35 and driven shaft 24 the wave 23 to turn the desired gear jump between 4th and 5th gear faster than shaft 23 (selectable within wide limits). This gives you a power-shift 5th gear, by further closed to the left switching element 34 , to the left closed switching element 35 and driven shaft 24 the 4th gear is raised to a 5th gear. This process is again independent of wave 21 because wave 21a not with wave 21 is coupled (when switching element 34 not closed to the right).

The reverse gear works with switching element closed to the right 35 from wave 23 over the gear pairs 3.2 . 3a2 and 4a2 . 4b2 and then with switching element closed to the right 36 (1st gear) continue over wave 22 , As the first gear remains switched on for reverse gear, the 1st gear of the shaft 24 fro and the reverse of wave 23 Her work, are "load circuits" between 1st and reverse gear possible.

Reverse gear is comparable to suggestions for registration DE 10239540.3 , only that here is the gear 4a2 not immediately adjacent to the gear 3a2 must be (because the wave 21a the rotation of gear 3a2 regardless of wave 21 transmits).

Here is for the 5th and the reverse gear respectively only one gear with associated (coupled) switching element needed, which saves costs and space. In addition, "load circuits" are between 1. and reverse gear possible. marginally The disadvantage is only that the 5th gear on two gear stages more works as the other forward gears.

2 B ) finally shows the spatial arrangement of the axes and where gears mesh with each other.

Variant 3

In the 3 sketched variant 3 is also a 5-speed powershift transmission with progressive gears in countershaft design with 2 countershafts 21 and 22 and the two input shafts 23 and 24 , The gears 3c and 3d have the same functions as in variant 2.

The basic transmission has 4 forward gears again, these are now the gears 2 to 5. 2nd gear works with switching element closed to the right 35 over the gear pair 4.2 . 4a2 , the 3rd gear with left closed switching element 34 over the gear pair 3 . 3a , the 4th gear with left closed switching element 35 over the gear pair 4.1 . 4a1 and the 5th gear with right closed switching element 36 over the gear pair 3 . 3b , The gears are 2 to 4 via shaft 21 and gear 3c and the 5th gear over waves 22a and 22 and gear 3d transfer.

With the center distances of waves 23 / 24 to the wave 21 or to the waves 22 / 22a and the radius of the gear 3d let the radii of the gears 3b and 4b1 set so that both the 3rd gear and the 5th gear of gear 3 can be transmitted and that when closed to the left switching element 36 and driven shaft 23 the wave 24 rotated slower than the desired gear jump between 1st and 2nd gear as a shaft 23 , This is done with a simultaneously closed to the right switching element 35 The 2nd gear reduced to a 1st gear, with a load circuit to 2nd gear is also possible here, because it only needs the drive of shaft 23 to the wave 24 switch. This arrangement has the advantage that the 5th gear without "detour" (variant 2) is transmitted.The "detour" is now in 1st gear (is not so important here), coupled with it but no "load circuit" between reverse gear and reverse gear, the reverse gear is here marked as a "normal" reverse gear, ie it is driven by a shaft 24 and right closed switching element 34 over the gears 4.3 . 4a3 and a (not shown) intermediate wheel for speed reversal to the shaft 21 transfer. This arrangement has the advantage that, without further additional costs, a further (slower) reverse gear is possible, because with the switching element closed to the left 36 and driven shaft 23 wave turns 24 slower the gear jump between 1st and 2nd gear, which of course can also be used for a 2nd (power shiftable) reverse gear. (When the reverse gear of the shaft 23 is assigned, another analog faster reverse gear is possible.)

Variant 4

In the 4a Outlined variant 4 is a 5-speed powershift transmission with progressive gear ratios in countershaft design with 2 countershafts 21 and 22 and the two input shafts 23 and 24 , The gears 3c and 3d have the same functions as in the variants 2 and 3. Without further effort here are a progressively stepped 6th gear and with the gears 4x and 4y three powershift reverse gears possible.

The basic transmission now has three forward gears, namely the gears 2 to 4. The 2nd gear works with switching element closed to the right 34 over the gear pair 4.2 . 4a2 , the 3rd gear with closed switching element 37 over the gear pair 3 . 3b and the 4th gear with left closed switching element 34 over the gear pair 4.1 . 4a1 , Here are the 2nd and 4th gear over wave 21 and the gear 3c and 3rd gear over waves 22a and 22 and gear 3d transfer.

For given ratios (of the progressive stepped gearbox), given center distance between the shafts 23 / 24 and 21 , given radius of the gear 3c (And the associated further gear) and thus given radii of the gears 4.1 and 4.2 , the radius of the gear can 3 and the center distance between shafts 23 / 24 and 22 / 22a be chosen so that with left closed switching element 36 and driven shaft 23 wave 24 to slow the desired gear jump between 1st and 2nd gear as a shaft 23 while with further driven shaft 23 and right closed switching element 36 wave 24 to turn the desired gear jump between 4th and 5th gear faster than shaft 23 , The gear jumps are adjustable within wide limits, the overall ratio of the 3rd gear on the radius of the gear 3d exactly one is adjustable.

With switching element closed to the right 34 (for the 2nd gear) you get the 1st gear, if switching element 36 closed to the left and wave 23 is driven (via gear pair 3 . 3b , Wave 22a , Gear pair 4b1 . 4.1 , Wave 24 and gear pair 4.2 . 4a2 ). 2nd gear will be switched on by shaft 24 is driven directly. With switching element closed to the left 34 (for the 4th gear) you get the 5th gear, if switching element 36 closed to the right and wave 23 is driven (via gear pair 3 . 3b , Wave 22a , Gear pair 4b2 . 4.2 , Wave 22 and gear pair 4.1 . 4a1 ). Again, a power shift between 4th and 5th gear is possible by the waves 23 and 24 be driven alternately. Thus, even with progressive stepped transmissions, the 2nd gear reduced to a 1st gear and a high gear (here the 4th gear) to the next gear (here the 5th gear) are set high, each load circuits are possible. However, the effort is slightly higher than in the geometrically stepped variant 1.

With suitably chosen (and drawn) dimensions is still another (sixth) gear with progressive gear jump possible, but without power shift between 5th and 6th gear. This must be switching element 37 and switching element 36 be closed to the left. Then the 6th gear of wave 24 over the gear pair 4.1 . 4b1 and waves 22a / 22 to the gear 3d transmit, taking wave 23 now faster than wave 24 turns it over empty (via the gearwheel pair 3b . 3 ). But on the 6th gear, two pairs of gears are less involved in torque transmission than in the 5th gear (and 1st gear).

wave 22a can be operated with 3 different speeds, namely with driven shaft 23 with a medium speed, with driven shaft 24 and right closed switching element 36 at low speed and with driven shaft 24 and to the left closed switching element 36 with a higher speed. About a direct with shaft 22a connected gear 4x and a gear meshing therewith 4y that on wave 21 is stored as a loose wheel, so 3 powershift reverse gears can be realized when switching element 35 is closed and switching elements 34 and 37 are open. However, here falls gear 4y quite big. From wave 23 There are also three reverse gears possible by 3 gears (analogous to variant 3) to the shaft 21 be used (and the speed of shaft 23 over wave 22a is varied). Then the gear shifts to larger reverse gears are smaller.

4b ) finally shows the spatial position of the waves to each other and where gears mesh with each other.

Intermediate remarks 1

at Driven by 5 (6) forward gears, 3 reverse gears can be exaggerated be. Therefore, in the variants 5 and 6 is shown as with the idea the variant 4 gear for e.g. ATVs can be realized where several reverse gears quite can be useful. In variant 7 finally is shown as the principle of variant 1 (attenuated) too for progressive stepped gears with only one countershaft to be exploited can.

Variant 5

In the 5 illustrated variant 5 is a 6-speed - power shift transmission with additional off-road gear and progressive gear ratios in countershaft design with 2 countershafts 21 and 22 / 22a and the two input shafts 23 and 24 , The gears 3c and 3d have the same functions as in variants 2 to 4.

The basic transmission has 5 forward gears, which here are the gears 1 to 5. 1st gear works with switching element closed to the left 37 over the gear pair 3.3 . 3b3 , the 2nd gear with right closed switching element 34 over the gear pair 4.2 . 4a2 , the third gear with right closed switching element 37 over the gear pair 3.2 . 3b2 , the 4th gear with left closed switching element 34 over the gear pair 4.1 . 4a1 and the 5th gear with right closed switching element 35 over the gear pair 3.1 . 3a1 , Here are the 1st and 3rd gear on wave 22 and gear 3d and the 2nd, 4th and 5th gear over wave 21 and gear 3c transfer. The aisles work alternately over the waves 23 and 24 , therefore always load circuits are possible.

Following the same idea as for variant 4, an additional off-road gear and a sixth gear with progressive gear jumps are created here. The wave is used again for this purpose 22a with the associated components. Here is (according to variant 4) again the center distance of waves 23 / 24 to waves 22 / 22a and the radius of the gear 3.2 designed so that the desired (progressive) gear jumps are achieved (can be selected within wide limits). With switching element closed to the left 37 (1st gear), to the right closed switching element 36 and driven shaft 24 you get the off-road gear, with the torque of shaft 24 over the gear pair 4.2 . 4b2 , Wave 22a and gear pair 3b2 . 3.2 on wave 23 is transmitted (which then turns slower than shaft 24 ). From there it goes over the gear pair 3.3 . 3b3 further as in the first gear. With the drawn dimensions, the jump between 1. and off-road gear is 1.798. Between off-road and 1st gear load shifts are possible because only the drive between the waves 23 and 24 must be replaced (the 1st gear is driven shaft 24 reduced to an off-road gear).

5th gear works with switching element closed to the right 35 from wave 23 ago. Will switch element in this state 36 closed to the left and wave 24 driven, so the 5th gear is raised to a sixth gear, because of gear pair 4.1 . 4b1 , Wave 22a and gear pair 3b2 . 3.2 wave 23 now turns faster than wave 24 (with the dimensions drawn by a factor of 1.219). Also between 5th and 6th gear load shifts are possible because only the drive of the waves 23 and 24 must be reversed.

In the variant 4, the 2nd gear down to a 1st gear down and the 4th gear up to a 5th gear down by wave 24 is changed accordingly in the speed. In variant 5, 1st gear is lowered to an off-road gear and 5th gear is raised to a 6th gear by turning 23 is changed accordingly in the speed. In both variants, the third gear is directly involved and the second and fourth gear, each with an additional gear with associated switching element (with the selected gear designations). (In variant 6, other gears are involved in a similar process.) So you get two additional progressively stepped gears, for each of these additional gears only an additional gear is needed.

The speed changes of the shaft 23 can be exploited for 3 reverse gears, but only the gear 3a3 (with associated switching element 35 left) is necessary. The axes 21 and 22 are arranged so that the gear 3a3 with the gear 3b3 meshes (speed reversal). For the reverse gears is switching element 35 closed to the left and the switching elements 34 and 37 are opened. The lower reverse gear works with switching element closed to the right 36 powered by shaft 24 , the middle reverse gear with driven shaft 23 and the upper reverse with left closed switching element 36 and driven shaft 24 , Again, load shifting is possible between the reverse gears and the reverse gears are progressively stepped.

 Variant 6

In the 6 Variant 6 shown is also a 6-speed powershift transmission with additional off-road gear and progressive gear ratios in countershaft design with 2 countershafts 21 and 22 / 22a and the two input shafts 23 and 24 , The gears 3c and 3d have the same functions as in variants 2 to 5. (The basic functions of variant 6 are comparable to variant 5.)

The basic transmission has 5 forward gears, which here are the gears 1 to 5. 1st gear works with switching element closed to the left 35 over the gear pair 4.3 . 4a3 , the 2nd gear with left closed switching element 37 over the gear pair 3.2 . 3b2 , the third gear with right closed switching element 34 over the gear pair 4.2 . 4a2 , the 4th gear with right closed switching element 37 over the gear pair 3.1 . 3b1 and the 5th gear with left closed switching element 34 over the gear pair 4.1 . 4a1 , while the 2nd and 4th gear on wave 22 and gear 3d and the 1st, 3rd and 5th gear over wave 21 and gear 3c transfer. The aisles work alternately over the waves 23 and 24 , therefore always load circuits are possible.

Following the same idea as for variants 4 and 5, an additional off-road gear and a sixth gear with progressive gear jumps are generated here again. The wave is used again for this purpose 22a with the associated components. This time, however, the gears 3, 4 and 5 are used (in contrast to the gears 2, 3 and 4 in the variants 4 and 5). Because at the higher gears selected here, the gear jumps are smaller than in the variants 4 and 5, must be comparable for variant 5 gear jumps to off-road and 6th gear, the center distance between waves 23 / 24 and waves 22 / 22a but here be smaller than in the variant 5.

With switching element closed to the left 35 (1st gear), to the left closed switching element 36 and driven shaft 23 you get the off-road gear, with the torque of shaft 23 over the gear pair 3.1 . 3b1 , Wave 22a and gear pair 4b1 . 4.1 on wave 24 is transmitted (which then turns slower than shaft 23 ). From there it goes over the gear pair 4.3 . 4a3 continue as in the first gear. Between 1. and off-road gearshifts are possible because only the drive between the waves 23 and 24 must be reversed.

The 5th gear works with switching element closed to the left 34 from wave 24 ago. Will switch element in this state 36 closed to the right and wave 23 driven, so the 5th gear is raised to a sixth gear, because of the gear pair 3.1 . 3b1 , Wave 22a and gear pair 4b2 . 4.2 wave 24 now turns faster than wave 23 , Also between 5th and 6th gear load shifts are possible because only the drive of the waves 23 and 24 must be reversed.

For the reverse gears here is a similar to the variant 4 arrangement chosen, because the reverse gears are closed to the right switching element 35 from wave 22a over the gear pair 4x . 4y to the wave 21 transferred, the lower reverse gear with right closed switching element 36 from wave 24 Her works, the middle reverse of shaft 23 forth and the upper reverse with left closed switching element of shaft 24 ago. When the 1st and 3rd gear change places (and the 1st gear with switch element 34 works) or switching element 35 is designed so that it can be closed on both sides at the same time, the middle reverse and 1st gear can be switched on at the same time. Thus, "load shifts" between the 1st and this reverse gear are possible In the variant 6 is also a solution comparable to variant 5 possible by the rotation of the gear 4a3 by an additional gear directly on shaft 22 is transmitted.

Variant 7

In the 7 illustrated variant 7 is a 6-speed powershift transmission with progressive gear ratios in countershaft design with a countershaft 21 and two input shafts 23 and 24 , The gear 3c has the same functions as in variants 2 to 6.

The basic transmission has 5 forward gears, gears 2 to 6. The 2nd gear works with the selector element closed to the left 36 over the gear pair 4.3 . 4a3 , the third gear with right closed switching element 34 over the gear pair 3.2 . 3a2 , the 4th gear with right closed switching element 35 over the gear pair 4.2 . 4a2 , the 5th gear with left closed switching element 34 over the gear pair 3.1 . 3a1 and the 6th gear with left closed switching element 35 over the gear pair 4.1 . 4a1 ,

Similar to variant 1 allows a switching element here 34b a non-rotatable connection of loose wheels of the shaft 21 regardless of wave 21 , This is one of these loose wheels of shaft 23 her and the other of wave 24 driven. Here are the loose wheels 3a2 (to wave 23 ) and 4a1 (to wave 24 ). With closed switching element 34b and driven shaft 23 is the speed of shaft 24 over the gear pairs 3.2 . 3a2 and 4a1 . 4.1 reduced. This can be exploited to switch to the left closed switching element 36 reduce the associated 2nd gear to a 1st gear. Here is a load circuit between 1st and 2nd gear possible because only the drive of the waves 23 and 24 must be reversed.

A reverse gear is possible, for example, with the switching element closed to the right 36 over the gears 4.4 and 4a4 and a (not shown) intermediate wheel for speed reversal. With driven shaft 24 you get such a commonly translated reverse gear. With additionally closed switching element 34 and driven shaft 23 This reverse gear is translated to the gear jump between 1st and 2nd gear in the slow, because wave 24 now turns accordingly slower. (Will the reverse gear of the shaft 23 assigned, a corresponding faster reverse gear is possible.)

Basically, when the switching element is closed 34b and driven shaft 24 the speed of shaft 23 translated into fast. Unlike variant 1 (geometrically stepped), this process is hardly usable in progressive stepped gears. But even here, a single switching element generates an additional forward and an additional reverse gear.

Interim Remarks 2

In the variants 4 to 6 is shown in various arrangements, as with the aid of a shaft 22a and associated components (two gears as idler gears and a corresponding two-sided acting switching element) progressively stepped a lower and an upper forward gear can be additionally generated (for each gear only one gear is needed). In the variants 4 to 6 meshes with a fixed shaft 22a connected gear ( 3b . 3b2 respectively. 3b1 ) with a gear of the shaft 23 , The two loose wheels of the shaft 22a ( 4b1 and 4b2 ) mesh each with a gear of the shaft 24 ( 4.1 and 4.2 ). These gears 4.1 and 4.2 also comb each with loose wheels of the shaft 21 ( 4a1 and 4a2 ), for the associated gears via switching element 34 be switched. Of course, the assignment to the waves 23 and 24 , the order of gears and partly the assignment to the waves 21 and 22 be varied (see below).

For forward gears this device is exploited by switching to the right or left closed switching element 36 and driven shaft 23 the speed of shaft 24 is varied up or down (variants 4 and 6) or by with closed to the right or left switching element 36 and driven shaft 24 the speed of shaft 23 is varied up or down (variant 5). Of course, both options are always available for all variants. The options described are always adapted to the desired progressive gear ratios. However, there are always other possibilities, but usually do not give desirable translations (as in progressive stepped transmissions in group construction usual). However, some of these unused options may be, for example, for emergency operation be used.

With this device are for the waves 22a . 23 and 24 each 3 different speeds possible. For wave 22a the speeds result in increasing order with switching element closed to the right 36 and driven shaft 24 , with driven shaft 23 and with switching element closed to the left 36 and driven shaft 24 , For wave 23 These speeds result in ascending order with switching element closed to the right 36 and driven shaft 24 , with directly driven shaft 23 and with switching element closed to the left 36 and driven shaft 24 , For wave 24 these speeds result in ascending order with switching element closed to the left 36 and driven shaft 23 , with directly driven shaft 24 and with switching element closed to the right 36 and driven shaft 23 , The leaps of the waves 23 and 24 are reversed, so there is a wide range of possibilities.

Comparable with variants of the application DE 10225331.5 can the wave 22a with the associated gears and switching elements also be designed so that by shaft 22a from a central synchronization can be done. The switching elements 36 can then be replaced by pure synchronous couplings, if over shaft 22a no gears should be transmitted. A mixed application of synchronization and transmission is also possible. Likewise, over wave 22a connect a starter generator (see also DE 10225331.5 ), optionally also with an additional switching element described there. The center distances and radii of the gears involved must then be designed so that the required synchronization speeds are achieved. The advantage of this concentric shaft 22a lies in the fact that at least one gear wheel of the shaft 22a (usually the directly related) can be used simultaneously for the transmission of at least one gear.

As described in variants 4, 5 and 6, each 3 reverse gears can be transmitted either over a transmission path of either shaft 22a or from wave 23 or from wave 24 be realized from, with each of the three possible speeds of these waves are utilized. In this case, "load shifts" between 1st and reverse gear are not always possible, variant 5 can be modified in such a way that a "load shift" between 1st and reverse gear is possible without major changes. One suggestion is that 1st gear is over shaft 21 is overlaid (gear 3a3 then meshes directly with the gear 3.3 ) that wave 22 analogous to the variant 4 through wave 22 pulled through and the 3rd gear is switched by an externally arranged right switching element that gear 3b3 with gear 3a3 and not with gear 3.3 combs and the gear 3b3 analogous to variants 1 and 7, independent of shaft 22 with the gear 3b2 can be connected (in the variants 1 and 7 with a switching element 34b ). Then work the 1st and the reverse gear with the same switching element position via shaft 21 and 1st gear (from wave 23 forth) and one of wave 24 forth working reverse gear (regardless of shaft 22 connected gears 3b2 and 3b3 and right or left closed switching element 36 ) can be switched on at the same time. 1st gear then works with activated shaft 23 (Wave 24 then turns backwards) and the reverse gear is working with the shaft activated 24 (Wave 23 then turns backwards). The middle reverse (from wave 23 her) is not so readily possible.

Variant 8

In the 8a Variant 8 shown is a 5-speed powershift transmission with progressive gears in countershaft design with two countershafts 21 and 22 / 22a and the two input shafts 23 and 24 , The gears 3c and 3d have the same functions as the previous variants.

The basic transmission has 4 forward gears, which are the gears 2 to 5 here. 2nd gear works with switching element closed to the left 37 over the gear pair 3.2 . 3b2 , the third gear with right closed switching element 34 over the gear pair 4.2 . 4a2 , the 4th gear with right closed switching element 37 over the gear pair 3.1 . 3b1 and the 5th gear with left closed switching element 34 over the gear pair 4.1 . 4a1 , Here are the 2nd and 4th gear on the shaft 22 and gear 3d and the 3rd and 5th gear over wave 21 and gear 3c transfer. The aisles work alternately over the waves 23 and 24 , therefore always load circuits are possible.

With switching element closed to the left 36 and driven shaft 24 is about wave 22a and the gear pairs 4.1 . 4b1 and 3b1 . 3.1 the speed of shaft 23 reduced by the desired gear jump between 1st and 2nd gear (here factor 1.734). Therefore, with a simultaneously closed to the left switching element 37 2nd gear reduced to 1st gear. About the center distances of the waves 21 and 22 and the diameters of the gears 3c and 3d is the desired transition between 1st and 2nd gear adjustable within wide limits, without the translations of other gears are affected.

Between 1st and 2nd gear also load shifts are possible, because it only needs the drive of the waves 23 and 24 to be exchanged.

The gears 4a2 and 4b2 comb each other (see also 8b ), which means that when the shaft is driven 24 gear 4b2 turns backwards. With switching element closed to the right 36 So does wave too 22a and about the gear pair 3b1 . 3.1 also wave 23 backward. This two reverse gears are possible, with right-closed switching element 37 a fast reverse directly from shaft 22a to the gear 3d (lies in the translation between 1st and 2nd gear) and with switching element closed to the left 37 a slow reverse (about half as fast as 1st gear). Between these reverse gears (and between the 1st and the reverse gears), however, no load circuits are possible.

8b ) finally shows the spatial position of the axes to each other and which gears mesh with each other. Here is also one with the gears 3c and 3d meshing gear 3e with the associated shaft 13 drawn, which leads to the (not shown) drive wheels.

Interim Remarks 3

The 3rd and 5th gear of the variant 8 are over wave 21 transfer. The associated gears of the shaft 24 (here gears 4.1 and 4.2 ) serve at the same time to produce a 1st gear (here with gear 4b1 ) and two reverse gears (here via gears 4a2 and 4b2 ). This requires a hollow shaft 22a and a two-sided switching element 36 , That with the wave 22a firmly connected gear 3b1 is at the same time gear for another forward gear (here 4th gear). According to this principle, next to wave 22a and switching element 36 for the first gear only a gear (here 4b1 ) and for the two reverse gears only one gear (here 4b2 ) needed. The translations of the progressively stepped forward gears are freely selectable within wide limits. This principle is also applied to variants 9 to 11.

Variant 9

In the 9 Variant 9 shown is a 7 (8) -speed power shift transmission with progressive gear ratios in countershaft design with two countershafts 21 and 22 / 22a and the two input shafts 23 and 24 , The gears 3c and 3d have the same functions as the previous variants. The 5-speed gearbox variant 8 has been expanded to a 7-speed gearbox, with no further components nor a progressively stepped 8th gear results, but which is not power shiftable. (Here and in variant 10, a 6-speed transmission is also possible.)

The basic transmission has 6 forward gears, these being gears 2 to 7. 2nd gear works with switching element closed to the left 37 over the gear pair 3.3 . 3b3 , the third gear with right closed switching element 34 over the gear pair 4.3 . 4a3 , the 4th gear with right closed switching element 35 over the gear pair 4.2 . 4a2 , the sixth gear with left closed switching element 34 over the gear pair 3.2 . 3a2 and the 7th gear with left closed switching element 35 over the gear pair 4.1 . 4a1 , Here are the 2nd and 4th gear over wave 22 and gear 3d and the 3rd, 5th, 6th and 7th gear over wave 21 and gear 3c transfer. The aisles work alternately over the waves 23 and 24 , therefore always load circuits are possible.

With switching element closed to the right 36 and driven shaft 24 is about wave 22a and the gear pairs 4.2 . 4b2 and 3b1 . 3.1 the speed of shaft 23 reduced by the desired gear jump between 1st and 2nd gear (here factor 1.625). Therefore, with a simultaneously closed to the left switching element 37 2nd gear reduced to 1st gear. Between 1st and 2nd gear also load shifts are possible, because it only needs the drive of the waves 23 and 24 to be exchanged.

With switching element closed to the right 36 and driven shaft 23 is the speed of shaft 24 increased by the gear jump between 1st and 2nd gear into the fast. With simultaneously closed to the right switching element 35 Thus, the 5th gear can be increased to a progressively graded 8th gear, without the additional components are required. However, no power shifts are possible for the 8th gear (except, of course, from and to 5th gear).

In this variant, the gears mesh 4a3 and 4b3 with each other, which has the consequence that with driven shaft 24 gear 4b3 turns backwards. With switching element closed to the left 36 So does wave too 22a and about the gear pair 3b1 . 3.1 also wave 23 backward. This two reverse gears are possible, with right-closed switching element 37 a fast reverse directly from shaft 22a to the gear 3d (lies in the translation between 1st and 2nd gear) and with switching element closed to the left 37 a slow reverse (about half as fast as 1st gear). Between these reverse gears (and between the 1st and the reverse gear), however, no load circuits are possible.

The structure according to variant 9 has the advantage that the two reverse gears via gear 3d be transmitted. But this falls gear 3c (as in the variant 8) quite large. In variant 10, another path is taken.

Variant 10

In the 10a Variant 10 shown is a 7 (8) -speed power shift transmission with progressive gear ratios in countershaft design with two countershafts 21 and 22 / 22a and the two input shafts 23 and 24 , The gears 3c and 3d have the same functions as the previous variants. In contrast to variant 9 here is the 6th gear and not the 4th gear on wave 22 transfer, which causes the gear 3c smaller fails than in the variants 8 and 9. Here, too, results without further components, a progressively stepped 8th gear, which is not power shiftable.

The basic transmission has 6 forward gears, these being gears 2 to 7. 2nd gear works with switching element closed to the left 37 over the gear pair 3.3 . 3b3 , the third gear with right closed switching element 35 over the gear pair 4.3 . 4a3 , the 4th gear with left closed switching element 34 over the gear pair 3.2 . 3a2 , the 5th gear with left closed switching element 35 over the gear pair 4.2 . 4a2 , the sixth gear with right closed switching element 37 over the gear pair 3.1 . 3b1 and the 7th gear with right closed switching element 34 over the gear pair 4.1 . 4a1 , Here are the 2nd and 6th gear on the shaft 22 and gear 3d and the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 7th gear over wave 21 and gear 3c transfer. The aisles work alternately over the waves 23 and 24 , therefore always load circuits are possible.

With switching element closed to the left 36 and driven shaft 24 is about wave 22a and the gear pairs 4.2 . 4b2 and 3b1 . 3.1 the speed of shaft 23 reduced by the desired gear jump between 1st and 2nd gear here factor 1,652). (Because here (and in variant 11) the gear 3b1 belongs to the 6th and not to the 4th gear and over the gear 4.2 at the same time the 5th gear is transmitted, this results in a smaller diameter for the gear 3c as in the variants 8 and 9). Therefore, with a simultaneously closed to the left switching element 37 2nd gear reduced to 1st gear. Between the 1st and 2nd gear also load circuits are possible, because it only needs the drive of the waves 23 and 24 to be exchanged.

With switching element closed to the left 36 and driven shaft 23 is the speed of shaft 24 increased by the gear jump between 1st and 2nd gear into the fast. With simultaneously closed to the left switching element 35 So the 5th gear can be increased to a progressively graded 8th gear, without the additional components are required. However, even here for the 8th gear no load shifts are possible (except from and to 5th gear).

In this variant, the gears mesh 4a3 and 4b3 with each other, with the result that with driven shaft 24 gear 4b3 turns backwards. With switching element closed to the right 36 So does wave too 22a and about the gear pair 3b1 . 3.1 also wave 23 backward. With switching element closed to the right 36 so two reverse gears are possible, with left closed switching element 34 a fast reverse gear through the gears of the 4th gear and the gear 3c (lies in the translation between 1st and 2nd gear) and with switching element closed to the left 37 a slow reverse gear through the gears of the 2nd gear and the gear 3c (is about half as fast as the first gear). Between these reverse gears (and between the 1st and the reverse gears), however, no load circuits are possible.

In the variant 10, the 5th and 6th gear to the speed reduction of shaft 23 used for the first gear (in the variants 8 and 9, these are the 5th and 4th gear), which leads to more uniform gear diameters. However, now would be a direct reverse gear (with right closed switching element 37 ) too fast. Therefore, the fast reverse gear now has over shaft 21 be transferred with associated high load on the gears of the 4th gear. (Torque limitation may be necessary here.)

10b ) finally shows the spatial position of the axes to each other and which gears mesh with each other. Here is also one with the gears 3c and 3d meshing gear 3e with associated shaft 13 drawn, which leads to the (not shown) drive wheels.

Variant 11

In the 11 illustrated variant 11 is an 8-speed powershift transmission with progressive gear ratios in countershaft design with two countershafts 21 and 22 / 22a and the two input shafts 23 and 24 , The gears 3c and 3d have the same functions as in the previous variants. The functions are similar to the variant 10, but this transmission has a wider spread (eg for SUVs). Compared to the variant 10 is still an additional (one-sided) switching element and an additional gear added, whereby the 8th gear is power shiftable.

The basic transmission has 7 forward gears, which are the gears 2 to 8 here. 2nd gear works with switching element closed to the left 37 over the gear pair 3.3 . 3b3 , the third gear with right closed switching element 35 over the gear pair 4.3 . 4a3 , the 4th gear with left closed switching element 34 over the gear pair 3.2 . 3a2 , the 5th gear with left closed switching element 35 over the gear pair 4.2 . 4a2 , the sixth gear with right closed switching element 37 over the gear pair 3.1 . 3b1 , the 7th gear with closed switching element 38 over the gear pair 4.1 . 4a1 and the 8th gear with right closed switching element 34 over the gear pair 3.1 . 3a1 , (The 6th and 8th gears are off the gear 3.1 Therefore, only a additional gear is needed.) Also, a progressive gear gradation is possible, in which case the translation of the 8th gear almost identical to a "high" 5th gear as in the variants 9 and 10. The 2nd and 6th gear will be over shaft 22 and gear 3d and the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 7th, and 8th gear over wave 21 and gear 3c transfer. The aisles work alternately over the waves 23 and 24 , so here are always load shifts possible, even for the 8th gear.

With switching element closed to the left 36 and driven shaft 24 is about wave 22a and the gear pairs 4.2 . 4b2 and 3b1 . 3.1 the speed of shaft 23 reduced by the desired gear jump between 1st and 2nd gear (here the factor 1.851). Therefore, with a simultaneously closed to the left switching element 37 2nd gear reduced to 1st gear. Between 1st and 2nd gear also load shifts are possible, because it only needs the drive of the waves 23 and 24 to be exchanged. Here, the overall design (including Achsuntersetzung) is done so that the 2nd gear has the total ratio of the 1st gear of the variants 8 to 10 and the 1st gear is thus a true off-road gear. Basically, the 8th gear can also be dispensed with here, whereby a "high gear" 5th gear as 8th gear with almost identical gear ratio is also possible here.

In this variant, the gears mesh 4a3 and 4b3 with each other, with the result that with driven shaft 24 gear 4b3 turns backwards. With switching element closed to the right 36 So does wave too 22a and about the gear pair 3b1 . 3.1 also wave 23 backward. With switching element closed to the right 36 are in the described design as SUV - gearbox 3 reverse gears possible. The fast reverse gear is obtained with the switching element closed to the right 37 as a direct connection of wave 22a (over wave 22 ) to the gear 3d , It lies in the translation between 2nd and 3rd gear (which corresponds to a translation between 1st and 2nd gear of variants 8 to 10). The middle reverse gear is obtained with left closed switching element 34 over the gears of the 4th gear and the gear 3c (with possibly necessary torque restriction). It lies in the translation between 1st and 2nd gear. The slow reverse gear is obtained with switching element closed to the left 37 over the gears of the 2nd gear and the gear 3d (with possibly necessary torque restriction). He is about half as fast as the first gear. Between these reverse gears no load circuits are possible. For the 2nd forward and the slow reverse only the drive of the shafts has to be done 23 and 24 it will be exchanged. So here would be a "load circuit" possible.

The switching element 38 can be made double-sided with an associated pair of gears. So a progressively stepped power shift 9th gear would be possible.

Closing remarks

The Options, a progressively stepped and power shiftable 8th gear with a additional Gear and an additional Switching element to realize, there is also in the variants 9 and 10th In variant 10 are the possible translations with a "high" 5th gear and after Variant 11 almost identical while in variant 9, the solution Variant 11 would give a slightly faster 8th gear.

The wave 21a (Variant 2) or wave 22a (Variants 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 11) can either as a hollow shaft on the associated shaft 21 respectively. 22 plugged or executed as aligned with the associated shaft shaft.

Claims (12)

Powershift transmission with additional gears with two input shafts 23 and 24 and with at least one countershaft 21 , characterized in that with only one additional switching element 34b two immediately adjacent loose wheels of the shaft 21 of which one with a fixed wheel of the shaft 23 and one with a fixed wheel of the wave 24 meshes and forward gears are for forward gears, regardless of shaft 21 with a switching element 34b rotatably connected to each other and thus produce a 1st and a highest forward gear (variant 1, geometrically stepped) or a 1st gear (variant 7, progressively stepped) and that this switching element 34b a reverse gear is extended into two reverse gears or that one shaft 21a with wave 21 is aligned or as a hollow shaft on shaft 21 attached, rotatable against shaft 21 stored and with a gear 3a2 firmly connected, that this wave 21a two losrä of the 4a1 and 4a2 carries that over a switching element 35 optionally with the shaft 21a rotatably connected, that the gear 3a2 a loose wheel of the shaft 21 is and about a switching element 34 non-rotatable with shaft 21 can be connected and the idler gear of a forward gear is that the gear 4a1 with a fixed bike 4.1 a wave 24 combs and that this gear 4.1 simultaneously with a gear 4b1 meshes, the idler gear of a forward gear of a shaft 22 is and that the gear 4a2 with a gear 4b2 meshes, the idler gear of a forward gear of the shaft 22 is (variant 2) or that a wave 22a with wave 22 is aligned or as a hollow shaft on shaft 22 attached, rotatable against shaft 22 stored and with a gear 3b firmly connected, that this wave 22a a loose wheel 4b1 wearing that with a gear 4.1 as a fixed wheel of the wave 24 combs that gear 4.1 simultaneously with a loose wheel 4a1 a wave 22 combs and this gear 4a1 the idler gear of a forward gear is and that the shaft 22a with a switching element 36 connected via the gear 4b1 or wave 22 non-rotatable with shaft 22a can be connected and gear 3b the idler gear of a forward gear of the shaft 22 is (variant 3) or that a wave 22a with wave 22 is aligned or as a hollow shaft on shaft 22 attached, rotatable against shaft 22 mounted and fixedly connected to a gear, which is connected to a gear of the shaft 23 meshes and a loose wheel of a forward gear of the shaft 22 is that the wave 22a two loose wheels 4b1 and 4b2 carries that over a switching element 36 optionally with the shaft 22a rotatably connected can be that these loose wheels with fixed wheels 4.1 and 4.2 the wave 24 comb and that these fixed wheels 4.1 and 4.2 simultaneously with idler gears 4a1 and 4a2 a countershaft 21 mesh and idler gears of forward gears are (variants 4 to 6) or that a shaft 22a with wave 22 is aligned or as a hollow shaft on shaft 22 attached, rotatable against shaft 22 stored and with a gear 3b1 firmly connected, with the gear 3b1 via a switching element 37 non-rotatable with shaft 22 can be connected and idler gear of a forward gear is that the shaft 22a two loose wheels 4b1 and 4b2 carries that over a switching element 36 optionally with shaft 22a rotatably connected, that the gear 4b1 with a fixed bike 4.1 the wave 24 combs and that this gear 4.1 simultaneously with a gear 4a1 meshes, the idler gear of a forward gear of a shaft 21 is and that the gear 4b2 with a gear 4a2 meshes, the idler gear of a forward gear of the shaft 21 is (variant 8) or that a wave 22a with wave 22 is aligned or as a hollow shaft on shaft 22 attached, rotatable against shaft 22 stored and with a gear 3b1 firmly connected, with the gear 3b1 via a switching element 37 non-rotatable with shaft 22 can be connected and idler gear of a forward gear is that the shaft 22a two loose wheels 4b2 and 4b3 carries that over a switching element 36 optionally with shaft 22a rotatably connected, that the gear 4b2 with a fixed bike 4.2 the wave 24 combs and that this gear 4.2 simultaneously with a gear 4a2 meshes, the idler gear of a forward gear of a shaft 21 is and that the gear 4b3 with a gear 4a3 meshes, the idler gear of a forward gear of the shaft 21 is and with a fixed wheel of the shaft 24 combs (variants 9 to 11). Power shift transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that a gear 3.1 as a fixed wheel of the wave 23 adjacent to a gear 4 as a fixed wheel of the wave 24 is arranged that these two gears with the gears 3a1 and 4a as loose wheels of the countershaft 21 comb and belong to adjacent corridors and that the gears 3a1 and 4a via a switching element 34b regardless of wave 21 rotatably connected to each other (variant 1). Power shift transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that a gear 3.2 as a fixed wheel of the wave 23 (for 3rd gear) adjacent to a gear 4.1 as a fixed wheel of the wave 24 (for the 6th gear) is arranged that these two gears with the gears 3a2 and 4a1 as loose wheels of the shaft 21 comb and that the gears 3a2 and 4a1 via a switching element 34b regardless of wave 21 rotatably connected to each other (variant 7). Power shift transmission according to claim 1 with two countershafts 21 and 22 , characterized in that the axial distances of the waves 23 / 24 to the waves 21 / 21a and 22 and the diameters of the gears 3c and 3d be chosen so that with left closed switching element 35 and driven shaft 24 the speed of shaft 23 increased by the desired gear jump between 4th and 5th gear and simultaneously closed to the left switching element 34 the 4th gear is increased to a 5th gear and that with shift elements closed to the right 35 and 36 and driven shaft 23 over the gear pairs 3.2 . 3a2 and 4a2 . 4b2 a reverse gear is realized (variant 2) Power shift transmission according to claim 1 with two countershafts 21 and 22 , characterized in that the axial distances of the waves 23 / 24 to the waves 21 and 22 / 22a and the diameters of the gears 3c and 3d be chosen so that with left closed switching element 36 and driven shaft 23 the speed of shaft 24 reduced by the desired gear jump between 1st and 2nd gear and with switching element closed to the right 35 the 2nd gear is reduced to a 1st gear, that of the 3rd and 5th gear by a gear 3 of the shaft 23 be driven, the 3rd gear with closed to the left Schaltele ment 34 and the 5th gear with right closed switching element 36 works and that the two possible speed ratios of the shaft 24 for two reverse gears via a gear set 4.3 . 4a3 (with not drawn intermediate) and a right closed switching element 34 be exploited (variant 3). Power shift transmission according to claim 1 with two countershafts 21 and 22 , characterized in that the axial distances of the waves 23 / 24 to the waves 21 and 22 / 22a and the diameters of the gears 3c and 3d be chosen so that with left closed switching element 36 and driven shaft 23 the speed of shaft 24 reduced by the desired gear jump between 1st and 2nd gear and with switching element closed to the right 34 the second gear is reduced to a 1st gear, that with right closed switching element 36 and driven shaft 23 the speed of shaft 24 increased by the desired gear jump between 4th and 5th gear and with left closed switching element 34 the 4th gear is increased to a 5th gear, that with left closed switching element 36 and closed switching element 37 A progressively stepped 6th gear creates two gears 4x and 4y the waves 22a and 21 comb directly with each other and that with closed switching element 35 three reverse gears can be realized (variant 4). Power shift transmission according to claim 1 with two countershafts 21 and 22 , characterized in that the axial distances of the waves 23 / 24 to the waves 21 and 22 / 22a and the diameters of the gears 3c and 3d be chosen so that with closed to the right switching element 36 and driven shaft 24 the speed of shaft 23 reduced by the desired gear jump between 1st and off-road and with left closed switching element 37 the 1st gear is reduced to an off-road gear that with left closed switching element 36 and driven shaft 24 the speed of shaft 23 increased by the desired gear jump between 5th and 6th gear and with switching element closed to the right 35 The 5th gear to a 6th gear is increased to a gear 3a3 with a gear 3b3 meshes and that with a left closed switching element 35 three reverse gears can be realized (variant 5). Power shift transmission according to claim 1 with two countershafts 21 and 22 , characterized in that the axial distances of the waves 23 / 24 to the waves 21 and 22 / 22a and the diameters of the gears 3c and 3d be chosen so that with left closed switching element 36 and driven shaft 23 the speed of shaft 24 reduced by the desired gear jump between 1st and off-road and with left closed switching element 35 the 1st gear is reduced to an off-road gear that with right closed switching element 36 and driven shaft 23 the speed of shaft 24 increased by the desired gear jump between 5th and 6th gear and with left closed switching element 35 The 5th gear is increased to a 6th gear that has two gears 4x and 4y the waves 22a and 21 comb directly with each other and that with switching element closed to the right 35 three reverse gears can be realized (variant 6). Power shift transmission according to claim 1 with two countershafts 21 and 22 , characterized in that the axial distances of the waves 23 / 24 to the waves 21 and 22 / 22a and the diameters of the gears 3c and 3d be chosen so that with left closed switching element 36 and driven shaft 24 the speed of shaft 23 reduced by the desired gear jump between 1st and 2nd gear and with left closed switching element 37 The 2nd gear is reduced to a 1st gear that gears 4a2 and 4b2 the countershafts 21 and 22 comb directly with each other and driven shaft 24 and right closed switching element 36 waves 22a and 23 turn backwards, that with a switching element closed to the right 37 a faster and with a left closed switching element 37 a slow reverse gear can be realized and that gears 4.1 and 4.2 with gears 4a1 and 4a2 comb and gear 4.1 also with gear 4b1 and gear 4a2 also with gear 4b2 combs (variant 8). Power shift transmission according to claim 1 with two countershafts 21 and 22 , characterized in that the axial distances of the waves 23 / 24 to the waves 21 and 22 / 22a and the diameters of the gears 3c and 3d be chosen so that with closed to the right switching element 36 and driven shaft 24 the speed of shaft 23 reduced by the desired gear jump between 1st and 2nd gear and with left closed switching element 37 The 2nd gear is reduced to a 1st gear that gears 4a3 and 4b3 the countershafts 21 and 22 comb directly with each other and driven shaft 24 and to the left closed switching element 36 waves 22a and 23 turn backwards, that with switching element closed to the right 37 a fast and with left closed switching element 37 A slow reverse gear can be realized that gears 4.2 and 4.3 with gears 4a2 and 4a3 comb and gear 4.2 also with gear 4b2 and gear 4a3 also with gear 4b3 meshes and that with switching elements closed to the right 35 and 36 the 5th gear is increased to a progressively graded 8th gear (variant 9). Power shift transmission according to claim 1 with two countershafts 21 and 22 , characterized in that the axial distances of the waves 23 / 24 to the waves 21 and 22 / 22a and the diameters of the gears 3c and 3d be chosen so that with left closed switching element 36 and driven shaft 24 the speed of shaft 23 reduced by the desired gear jump between 1st and 2nd gear and with left closed switching element 37 The 2nd gear is reduced to a 1st gear that gears 4a3 and 4b3 the countershafts 21 and 22 comb directly with each other and driven shaft 24 and right closed switching element 36 waves 22a and 23 turn backwards, that with left closed switching element 34 a faster and that with left closed switching element 37 A slow reverse gear can be realized that gears 4.2 and 4.3 with gears 4a2 and 4a3 comb and gear 4.2 also with gear 4b2 and gear 4a3 also with gear 4b3 meshes and that with left-closed switching elements 35 and 36 and driven shaft 23 the 5th gear is increased to a progressively graded 8th gear (variant 10) Power shift transmission according to claim 1 with two countershafts 21 and 22 , characterized in that the axial distances of the waves 23 / 24 to the waves 21 and 22 / 22a and the diameters of the gears 3c and 3d be chosen so that with left closed switching element 36 and driven shaft 24 the speed of shaft 23 reduced by the desired gear jump between 1st and 2nd gear and with left closed switching element 37 The 2nd gear to a 1st gear (off-road) is reduced to that gears 4a3 and 4b3 the countershafts 21 and 22 comb directly with each other and driven shaft 24 and right closed switching element 36 waves 22a and 23 turn backwards, that with switching element closed to the right 37 a fast, with left closed switching element 34 a middle and left-closed switching element 37 A slow reverse gear can be realized that gears 3.1 . 4.2 and 4.3 with gears 3a1 . 4a2 and 4a3 comb that gear 3.1 also with gear 3b1 , Gear 4.2 also with gear 4b2 and gear 4a3 also with gear 4b3 meshes and that with switching element closed to the right 34 a progressively stepped power shift 8th gear is realized (variant 11).