DE1018572B - lubricant - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN

The invention relates to the composition of lubricants, particularly those for internal combustion engines .

As is well known, castor oil has certain properties which make it an excellent lubricant do. So z. B. gives him the ability to handle relatively high loads or surface pressures without Withstands tearing of the oil film, together with its very low coefficient of friction under the conditions boundary lubrication has a unique place among lubricants.

Castor oil and mixtures of castor oil with mineral lubricating oils are extensively used for lubrication of internal combustion engines, especially those that are under high load and at high speed have been used to work.

So far, however, such lubricants have suffered from the disadvantage that they can only be used within a very limited range Viscosity range were available. Mineral lubricating oils, on the other hand, are known to be very much wide viscosity range available, and such oils are used for lubricating internal combustion engines with Viscosities of about 50 to 400 Redwood seconds at 60 ° C; i.e. H. in a range of 5 W - 50 according to the classification of the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) has been used.

According to an older proposal of the invention, lubricants based on castor oil with a Easily soluble mono- or diesters therein and mixed with aromatic, primary, secondary and tertiary amines. According to another older suggestion, castor oil-based lubricants can be used in small quantities organic tin or antimony compounds and aromatic or heterocyclic secondary mono- or polyamines contain.

The viscosity of castor oil has heretofore been altered to some extent by treating it with mineral oils different viscosities mixed, but only minor changes in the Induce viscosity because of the limited solubility of mineral oil in castor oil (at most about 15 percent by weight).

Another drawback that comes with the use of lubricants, in whole or in the main Castor oil is related, its tendency has been in the engine and on external parts, such as. B. on resinification of the exhaust pipes, etc., which requires frequent oil changes and cleaning of the resinous parts power. Improved lubricants, with a significantly reduced tendency to resinify, are the subject of patent 909 243.

It is clear that the viscosity of an oil which can be used for lubricating an internal combustion engine will depend on the design of the engine.

lubricant

Applicant:

CC Wakefield & Company Limited,
London

Representative: Dr. M. Eule, patent attorney,
Munich 13, Kurfürstenplatz 2

Claimed priority:
Great Britain January 28, 1S53

So z. B. result in certain engines that are designed to operate with relatively low viscosity lubricating oils, for example SAE10 W or 20, kept in operation cannot and cannot operate as effectively with oils of the viscosity of the SAE 40/50 range therefore not as effective with castor oil or with the usual mixtures of castor oil and mineral oil, as they have been used up to now, are lubricated. On the other hand, some of these motors, e.g. B. the engines certain racing cars, not as satisfactory due to the high piston speeds that occur at the same be lubricated with mineral oils.

It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide a lubricant, in particular such for internal combustion engines, which contains a considerable proportion of castor oil, but its viscosity is considerable is lower than that of castor oil.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a lubricant containing castor oil, but has a reduced tendency to resinify. The lubricant according to the invention therefore exists from a mixture of castor oil, at least one ester of the general form

(CH ₂

COOR ₁

COOR,

where η is a number from 2 to 8 inclusive and R ₁ and R _{2 are} identical and branched-chain alkyl radicals or alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl radicals having at least 5 carbon atoms, a small amount, at least

70S · "36/336

an aromatic or heterocyclic, secondary mono- or polyamine, which has at least three cyclic Has nuclei, of which at least two are aromatic in nature and are directly connected to the nitrogen atom, and an organic compound of tin and / or antimony and optionally an addition of Mineral oil.

The esters to be used should be relatively non-liquid, ie they should have a boiling point of at least 200 ^° C. and they should be easy to mix with castor oil at normal operating temperatures.

Examples of specific esters which can be used in accordance with the present invention are:

Diesters of adipic and sebacic acid with a mixture of branched-chain C ₇ -Cg alcohols, di- (2-ethylhexyl) azelate, di- (2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di- (3: 3: 5 -trimethyl-hexyl) -sebacate, di-capryl-sebacate, sebacic acid diester with a mixture of branched C ₇ -Cg alcohols.

The relative proportions of castor oil and ester (s) to be used will depend on the one desired Viscosity of the final mixture. All mixtures in the range of 10 percent by weight castor additive, such as B. oil-soluble metal salts of organic dithiophosphoric acids or metal derivatives alkylated Contain phenyl thioethers or disulfides.

Specific examples of combinations of additives incorporating any of the above mixtures can be incorporated are:

1. 1.0% phenyl-jS-naphthylamine, 0.2% tin petroleum sulf onat;

2. 0.5 ⁰ ₀ Z phenyl-.beta.-naphthylamine, 0.2 ° / ₀ Zinnpetroleumsulfonat, I ₁ O ⁰ Z ₀ di- (3-carbomethoxy-4-oxyphenyl) thioether-cresyl phosphite, 0,2 ⁰ Z ₀ di-morpholinyl-phenyl-methane;

3. 0.25 ° / ₀ Zinc di- (a-methyl-isoamyl) dithiophosphate, 0.1 ⁰ ₀ Z calcium petroleum sulfonate.

¹ S In order to evaluate the behavior of the lubricants according to the invention, the following engine tests were carried out.

A. Lauson engine test

The tests were carried out with a normal H-2 Lauson engine under the following conditions:

Cooling jacket temperature:
Oil sump temperature:
Test duration:
Rotational speed:

oil and 90 percent by weight ester up to 90 percent by weight castor oil and 10 percent by weight ester are used will.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a proportion of mineral oil is also included in the mixture. Both the amount of mineral oil used 30 was applied (mixture B). as well as its viscosity depend on the relative composition

divide off the castor oil and ester present and also the desired viscosity of the final mixture. The use of the esters according to the invention 99 ⁰ C ± I ₁ II ⁰ C 138 ⁰ C ± I ₁ II ⁰ C 60 hours 1840 revolutions / minute

The following test results illustrate the behavior of a typical lubricant mixture (mixture A) according to the present invention in comparison to a mixture of higher viscosity, as it has been previously

from 49 ° / ₀ castor oil first

Pressing, 13% mineral oil B (as stated above), 19 ⁰ Z ₀ di- (2-ethyl-hexyl) sebacate, 19% di- (3: 3: 5-trimethyl-hexyl) sebacate plus 1% di- (but-3 carbomethoxygestattet the incorporation of virtually more 35 4-oxyphenyl) thioether-cresyl phosphite, 0.5 ° / ₀ phenyl-mineral oil, as it usually 3-naphthylamine together with castor oil / 0.2% Zinnpetroleumsulfonat and 0 , 2 ° "

Dimorpholinyl-phenyl-methane.

The mixture B, "prepared according to Patent 909,243, consisted of 87.5 ⁰ ₀ Z castor first pressing, 12.5% mineral oil having a Redwood viscosity of 44 seconds at 60 ^c C zuzüglich2% di- (3-carbomethoxy-4- oxyphenyl) thioether cresyl phosphite, 1 ⁰ Z ₀ phenyl / 3-naphthylamine, 0.2% tin petroleum sulfonate and 0.2 ⁰ Z ₀ dimorpholinylphenyl methane.

This oil had a viscosity of 260 Redwood seconds at 6O ⁰ C _1, a viscosity index of 90 and fell under the SAE classification 40.

could be used because the ester acts as a common solvent for both types of oils.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention can be used as amine or tin and / or Antimony compound phenyl-a-naphthylamine, phenyl- / 3-naphthylamine, / 3- / 3-dianaphthylamine, di - (/ 3-naphthyl) -p-phenylenediamine, Phenothiazine, benzonaphthothiazine or xylyl-ß-naphthylamine together with tin laurate, Tin oleate, tin-p-tertiary-amyl-phenol-thio-ether or preferably use tin or antimony petroleum sulfonate.

Further additives to be used with advantage are the triaryl phosphites, in particular the phosphorous acid esters aromatic oxysubstituted thioethers and disulfides as described in British Patent 574,445 are described, because they not only protect composite metals such. B. lead bronze bearings, against corrosion, but also serve to increase the resilience of the lubricant composition.

Further auxiliary additives which are included in the inventive Lubricant compositions are the reaction products of aldehydes or ketones with basic water-soluble primary or secondary amines, as described in more detail in the British Patent 588,864. An example of such a compound is di-morpholinyl-phenyl-methane.

If desired, other additives, e.g. B. Detergents (Oil Sludge Preventers) 65 and anti-aging agents effective at high temperatures may be present. So z. B. can the Lubricant composition detergent, such as calcium petroleum sulfonate or basic barium petroleum sulfonate, or antioxidant or antioxidant 70 and then measured the friction performance,

lubricant Pistons
oversize
(CRC optical
Dimension) camp
weight
loss
in mg Used
Oil analysis:
Percentage
Increase in
viscosity Mixture A
Mixture B 9.2
8.5 193
131 145
149

B. Frictional power and oil temperature characteristics

The tests were carried out with a 6-cylinder Chevrolet engine of around 3.55 1 cylinder volume, driven by an electric dynamometer under the following conditions:

Rotational speed:
Vacuum:
Cooling water drain temperature:

3000 revolutions / minute 127 mm Hg column

93.3 ° C when giving

not otherwise

The oil was left in the sump at a constant maximum temperature.

at least three constant readings being obtained at 5 minute intervals. The bottom was then artificially cooled to 104.4 and 93.3 ⁰ C and made similar readings. For the final readings the cooling jacket temperature was lowered to 76.7 ⁰ C and maximum sump cooling used to maintain temperature the lowest possible sump for each oil. The results are summarized in a table below, with a special column for the sake of interest showing the viscosity of the oil at sump temperature .

Mixture B viscosity Mixture A viscosity Frictional (Centistoke) Frictional (Centistoke) power power swamp temperature 8.1 - 127 ° C ... 24.0 - - 5.4 121 ° C ... - 14.0 22.1 7.5 104 ° C ... 24.6 19.0 22.1 9.6 93 ° C ... 25.3 22.3 88 ° C ... minimum i cooling jacket temperature 23.0 76.7 ° C ... 27.8 - - 15.8 74 ⁰ C - 24.6

3 °

It was easily obtained from the above test results that the mixture A in the normal Lauson and Chevrolet testing not only showed a behavior equivalent to that of mixture B, but also the friction losses visibly reduced. It also showed a marked improvement in the high-temperature Lauson tests with respect to sticking or burning of the piston rings.

40

Claims (4)

Patent claims: 1. Lubricant consisting of a mixture of castor oil, at least one ester of the general formula (CH ₈ ) / .. COOR ₁ COOR ₉ where η is a number from 2 to 8 inclusive and R ₁ and R _{2 are} identical and branched-chain alkyl radicals or alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl radicals with at least 5 carbon atoms, a small amount, at least one aromatic or heterocyclic, secondary mono- or polyamine, which has at least three cyclic nuclei , of which at least two are of an aromatic nature and are connected directly to the nitrogen atom, as well as an organic compound of tin and / or antimony and optionally an addition of mineral oil. 2. Lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that the same phenyl-a-naphthylamine, phenyl- / 3-naphthylamine, ß, / S-dinaphthylamine, di - (/? - naphthyl) -p-phenylenediamine, phenothiazine, benzonaphthothiazine or xylyl - /? - naphthylamine in connection with tin laurate, tin oleate, tin-p-tert. Contains amylphenol thioether or preferably tin and / or antimony petroleum sulfonates. 3. Lubricant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a further content of a low Amount of a reaction product of an aldehyde or a ketone known as a lubricant component with a basic, water-soluble primary or secondary amine, preferably dimorpholinylphenylmethane. 4. Lubricant according to claim 1 to 3, characterized by a further content of a low Amount of a triaryl phosphite known as a lubricant ingredient or one known as a lubricant ingredient known phosphorous acid ester of an aromatic, hydroxyl-substituted thioether or disulfide preferably di (3-carbomethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl) thioether cresyl phosphite. Considered publications:
French Patent No. 953 562;
U.S. Patent Nos. 2,599,510, 2,570,038. Elderly Rights Considered:
Patents No. 909 243, 944 748. © 709 758/386 10.