DE10124297A1 - Composition, useful in decreasing phytotoxic action on plant seeds, comprises water absorbing polymer and active substance - Google Patents

Abstract

A composition (I), comprises: (1) a water absorbing polymer; (2) at least one active substance; and (3) optional adjuvants and additives. A composition (I), comprises: (1) a water absorbing polymer; (2) at least one active substance; and (3) optional adjuvants and additives. (I) has at least one of the following properties: (1) decreased phytotoxic action on plant seeds for equal active substance dosage (ASD) compared with the same ASD without the WAP, in fighting organisms different from the plant, relative to the ASD without the WAP; (2) decreased phytotoxic action of the active substance on a plant compared with the same ASD of WAP in fighting organisms different from the plant, relative to the ASD without the WAP; (3) increased activity according to Abbot of the active substance compared with the same ASD without the WAP; (4) longer activity according to Abbot of the active substance compared with the same ASD without the WAP in fighting organisms different from the plant, relative to the ASD without the WAP, or at least two of these; and (5) at least one of the properties: (a) maximum absorption of aqueous base solution in the region of 1-5000 ml/g of composition; (b) water extractable part less than 30 wt.%; (c) maximum swelling time 180 minutes up to attainment of 80% of the maximum absorption of aqueous base solution; (d) bulk density 500-1000 g/liter; (e) pH of 1 g of dissolved composition per 10.9 wt.% of NaCl/water solution of 4-10; (f) water absorption against a pressure of 20 g/cm<2> over 2 hours 10-100 g water/g of composition; (g) acrylamide content <= 300 ppm; and/or (h) particle size of at least 10 wt.% of particles 10-4000 microns. Independent claims are also included for: (A) Preparation of a plant nutrient medium, where the composition is brought into contact with nutrient substrate; (B) A process for fighting organisms different from a specific plant, where this plant is brought into contact with composition or nutrient medium; (C) A process for increasing yield in plant cultivation by planting the composition or nutrient medium in the ground; and (D) A nutrient medium.

Description

The invention relates to a composition comprising a water-absorbent Polymer and an active ingredient, a nutrient medium and its production process Procedures for controlling organisms, as well as the use of a Composition comprising a water-absorbing polymer and an active ingredient and a method of increasing crop yield.

US 4,177,056; WO 85/017736; DE 25 28 068 A1 and DE 42 26 753 A1 disclose the Use of pesticides together with hydrogels, with polyacrylates as hydrogels, Polyacrylamides, copolymers of acrylates and natural polymers are mentioned.

In addition, US 5,037,654 discloses a pesticide preparation in which absorbent Polymers based on cross-linked polyamide have a synergistic effect with a Pesticide shows.

In general, the object according to the invention is that which results from the prior art Technology to overcome disadvantages.

Another object of the invention is, in particular, Compositions and uses of these compositions are available deliver that goes beyond the control of plant-damaging organisms. In this context, it is of particular interest as a task that, in addition to the Harmful effect of the active ingredient used at the same time Plant growth is promoted.

The above objects are achieved by a composition comprising a water-absorbing polymer and an active ingredient and optionally auxiliaries and additives, the composition showing at least one, preferably at least two and particularly preferably all of the following properties:

• 1. reduced phytotoxic effect of the active ingredient on a plant germ the same administration of active ingredient compared to the same administration of active ingredient without  water-absorbing polymer in the control of a plant different organism, preferably by at least 2, preferably by at least 10 and particularly preferably by at least 20%, based on the Active ingredient administration without water-absorbing polymer;
• 2. reduced phytotoxic effect of the active ingredient on a plant in a same administration of active ingredient compared to the same administration of active ingredient without water-absorbing polymer in the control of a plant different organism, preferably by at least 2, preferably by at least 10 and particularly preferably by at least 20%, based on the Active ingredient administration without water-absorbing polymer;
• 3. Increased effectiveness after Abbott of the active ingredient in the composition Comparison to the same administration of active ingredient without the water-absorbing polymer in the fight against an organism different from the plant in same time, preferably by at least 2, preferably by at least 10 and particularly preferably by at least 20%, based on the Active ingredient administration without water-absorbing polymer; or
• 4. increased duration of effectiveness after Abbott the active ingredient in the Composition compared to the same administration of active ingredient without the water-absorbent polymer in the control of a plant different organism, preferably by at least 2, preferably by at least 10 and particularly preferably by at least 20%, based on the Active ingredient administration without water-absorbing polymer;

and
at least one of the following:

• a) Maximum absorption of an aqueous soil solution in a range from 1 to 500 ml / g composition, preferably / g polymer,
• b) the water extractable portion less than 30 wt .-%, based on the water-soluble polymer,
• c) Swelling time until reaching 80% of the maximum intake of one aqueous soil solution in a range from 1 to 180 minutes,
• d) bulk density in a range from 500 to 1000 g / l,  
• e) pH of 1 g composition / l 0.9 wt .-% NaCl water solution in one Range from 4 to 10,
• f) absorption against a pressure of 20 g / cm ² within 2 h in a range from 10 to 100 g water / g composition, preferably / g polymer,
• g) acrylamide content of 300 ppm or less, based on the composition,
• h) particle size of at least 10% by weight of all particles in the range from 10 to 4000 µm.

The conceivable eigen that result from the above properties (a) to (h) Combinations of two or more of these properties stand next to each other each property preferred embodiments of the invention Composition. Also preferred as embodiments of the invention are compositions with the following as letters or Character combinations shown properties, or property combination nations: a, b, c, d, e, f, h, ab, abc, abcd, abcde, abcdef, abcdefg, abcdefgh, where a is particularly preferred.

According to the invention, phytotoxic action is taken on plant germs (α) Germ rate quotient understood. The germination rate quotient is formed from the germination rate of the untreated seed / the germination rate of the treated seed. The germination rate is there again for the quotient of the germinated seed / the number of spread Seed. According to the invention, a germination rate quotient is less than 1.

According to the invention, a (β) is applied to plants under phytotoxic action Understood plant growth quotient. The plant growth quotient is defined about the growth level of an untreated plant / the growth level of a treated plant. According to the invention, the plant growth ratio is below 1.

According to the invention, the effectiveness according to Abbott is determined according to the following equation and expressed in%:

According to the invention, in the case of an increased duration of effectiveness (δ) according to Abbott, it is preferred that this over a period of at least 1, preferably from 5 to 80 and especially lasts from 10 to 50 days.

Preferred embodiments of the composition result from the following combinations of the individual uses, expressed by combinations of the Greek letters:
αβ, βγ, αγ, αβγ, αγδ, αβδ, βγδ, αβγδ, with αβγδ being particularly preferred.

Suitable additives and auxiliaries are all known to those skilled in the art and are used in the manufacture of crop protection formulations. In this Connections are in particular stabilizers, emulsifiers, dispersants and Antioxidants, wetting agents, surfactants, dyes, spreading agents as well as to name actuators.

Water-absorbent polymers in the sense of this invention are all those as in "Modern Superabsorbent Polymer Technology", F.L. Buchholz et al., Wiley-VCH, 1998 are described. So basically all are natural and synthetic Hydrogen-forming substances are suitable as water-absorbing polymers.

It is preferred according to the invention that the water-absorbing polymer at least 5 wt .-%, based on the water-absorbing polymer, on a Carboxyl-bearing ethylenically unsaturated monomer, which is preferred is water-based.

Preferably, the water-absorbing polymer includes one in addition to the one Carboxyl group-bearing ethylenically unsaturated monomer at least one of  this different Comomoner. Such suitable comonomers are preferably ethylenically unsaturated, water-soluble carboxylic acid derivatives or ethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid monomers or their derivatives or acrylamides or acrylamide derivatives or at least two thereof, where acrylamides or Acrylamide derivatives are preferred and acrylamide is particularly preferred.

As a carboxyl group-bearing ethylenically unsaturated monomer, its salts or carboxylic anhydride monomers are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, α-chloroacrylic acid, α-cyanoacrylic acid, β-methylacrylic acid (crotonic acid), α- Phenylacrylic acid, β-acryloxypropionic acid, sorbic acid, α-chlorosorbic acid, 2'- Methyl isocrotonic acid, cinnamic acid, p-chlorocinnamic acid, β-stearyl acid, itaconic acid, Citraconic acid, mesacronic acid, glutaconic acid, aconitic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, Tricarboxyethylene and maleic anhydride are preferred, acrylic acid, Methacrylic acid are special and acrylic acid is also preferred. Preferred acrylic acid derivatives are hydroxyl- or amino group-containing esters of Acrylic or methacrylic acid, such as. B. 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, N, N- Dimethylaminoethyl acrylate and the analog derivatives of methacrylic acid.

Ethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid monomers are preferably aliphatic or aromatic vinyl sulfonic acids or acrylic or methacrylic sulfonic acids. As aliphatic or aromatic vinylsulfonic acids are vinylsulfonic acid, allylsulfone acid, vinyl toluenesulfonic acid and stryrolsulfonic acid are preferred.

As acrylic or methacrylic sulfonic acids are sulfoethyl acrylate, sulfoethyl methacrylate, Sulfopropyl acrylate, sulfopropyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropyl sulfone acid and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid preferred.

Possible, preferably water-soluble, acrylamide derivatives are alkyl-substituted Acrylamides or aminoalkyl-substituted derivatives of acrylamide or Methacrylamides, e.g. B. N, N-dimethylpropylacrylamide, dimethylacrylamide or Diethylacrylamide and the corresponding methacrylamide derivatives.  

All of the acids listed can be polymerized as free acids or as salts. Partial neutralization is of course also possible. Furthermore, the neutralization partially or completely after the polymerization. The neutralization of the Monomers can with alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides and ammonia respectively. In addition, any other base is conceivable that is water-soluble with the acid Salt forms. Mixed neutralization with different bases is also conceivable. Neutralization with carbonates, bicarbonates, ammonia and Alkali metal hydroxides, particularly preferably potassium hydroxide and ammonia.

The copolymer preferably consists of 5 to 95% acrylamide and 95 to 5% Acrylic acid, preferably 10 to 75% of acrylamide and 90 to 25% of acrylic acid and especially from 20 to 50% acrylamide and 80 to 50% acrylic acid, the Acrylic acid in the range from 30 to 100%, preferably from 50 to 95%, particularly preferably neutralized from 60 to 80% and more preferably from 65 to 75% is.

In one embodiment of the invention, the water-absorbing polymer is located before networked. According to another preferred embodiment according to the invention the water-absorbing polymer is at least partially branched, but not networked, before. In another embodiment according to the invention that is water-absorbing polymer at least partially crosslinked. The networking density is preferably less than 20, particularly preferably less than 10, and above it is preferably in a range between 0.01 and 7%.

The crosslinking is achieved by crosslinking agents which are well known to the person skilled in the art. the Like crosslinkers are preferably used in an amount of less than 7, preferably 0.1 up to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers used. Crosslinkers preferred according to the invention are polyacrylic or polymethacrylic acid esters, which, for example, by the reaction of a polyol such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol kol, trimethylolpropane, 1,6-hexanediol glycerol, pentaerythritol, polyethylene glycol or Polypropylene glycol can be obtained with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid.  

Another group of crosslinkers is obtained by the reaction of Polyalkylene polyamines such as diethylenetriamine and triethylenetetraamine methacrylic acid or methacrylic acid.

1,4-Butanediol diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,3- Butylene glycol diacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, Diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethoxylated bisphenol A diacrylate, ethoxylated Bisphenol-A-dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,6- Hexanediol dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, Polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol di methacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, tetraethylene gly koldiacrylate, tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate, Pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, Trimethylol trimethacrylate, tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanorate triacrylate, tris (2-hy droxy) isocyanorate trimethacrylate, divinyl esters of polycarboxylic acids, diallylesters of Polycarboxylic acids, triallyl terephthalate, diallyl maleate, diallyl fumarate, hexamethylene bismaleimide, trivinyl trimellitate, divinyl adipate, diallyl succinate, ethylene glycol di vinyl ether, cyclopentadiene diacrylate, triallylamine, tetraallyl ammonium halide, Divinylbenzene, divinyl ether, N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide, N, N'- Methylene bis methacrylamide, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and Trimethylolpropane. Crosslinkers preferred according to the invention are N, N'- Methylene bisacrylamide, N, N'-methylene bis methacrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, Polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate and triallylamine, where N, N'-methylene bisacrylamide is particularly preferred.

The crosslinking can take place both in the course of the polymerization reaction to produce the water-absorbing substance as well as following it by so-called "Post-networking" take place. In one embodiment of the invention A water-absorbent polymer in which the composition is preferred Crosslinking took place during the polymerisation reaction. In another Embodiment is a first networking during and another networking after the polymerization preferred.  

Organic carbonates are particularly preferred as so-called "postcrosslinkers", polyquatere amines, polyvalent metal compounds and compounds that at least have two functional groups that do not yet have carboxyl groups can react after crosslinked water-soluble polymer. This is it especially polyols and amino alcohols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, Triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerin, polyglycerin, Propylene glycol, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, propanolamine, Polyoxypropylene, oxyethylene-oxypropylene block polymers, sorbitan fatty acid ethers, Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ether, trimethylol propane pentereritrite, Polyvinyl alcohol and sorbitol, polyglycidyl ether compounds, please check these compounds like ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, Polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, glycerol diglycidyl ether, glycerol polyglycidyl ether, Pentereritrite polyglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether and Polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polyaceridine compounds such as 2,2- Bishydroxymethylbuntanol-tris [3- (1-aceredinyl) propionate], 1,6- Hexamethylene diethylene urea and diphenylmethane-bis-4,4'-N, N'-diethylene urea, haloepoxy compounds such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetrialmin, Triethylene tetraamine, tetraethylene pentaamine, pentaethylene hexaamine and Polyethyleneemines, polyisocyanate compounds such as 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate and Hexamethylene diisocyanate, zinc hydroxides, calcium, aluminum, iron, titanium and Zirconium halides, alkylene carbonates such as 1,3-dioxalan-2-one and 4-methyl-1,3- Dioxalan-2-one, polyvalent metal compounds such as salts, polyquarter amines such as Condensation products of dimethylamines and epichlorohydrin, homo- and Copolymers of diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and homo- and copolymers of Diethylallylamino (meth) acrylatmethylchloridamoniumsalzen. Under these Compounds are preferred diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, Glycerin, polyglycerin, propylene glycol, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, Polyoxypropylene, oxyethyleneoxypropylene block copolymer, sorbitan fatty acid ether, Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ether, trimethylol propane, pentereritrite, Polyvenyl alcohol, sorbitol, alkylene carbonates such as 1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 1,3-dioxolan-2- on, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, on, 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4,4-dimethyl  1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4-ethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 1,3-dioxan-2-one, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one, 4,6-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one, 1,3- Dioxopan-2-one, poly-1,3-dioxolan-2-one and ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether.

Polyoxazolines such as 1,2-ethylene bisoxazoline, crosslinkers with silane groups such as γ- Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, oxazolidinones such as 2-oxazolidinone, bis- and poly-2-oxazolidinones, diglycol silicates.

Of the aforementioned post-crosslinkers, ethylene carbonate is particularly preferred.

The water-absorbing polymer can also contain other water-absorbing substances have, the different substances with the water-absorbing polymer can be chemically or physically linked. Preferred examples of these other water-absorbing substances are water-absorbing polyelectrolytes such as derivatized starch, starch acrylic graft copolymers, Starch methacrylic acid graft copolymers, styrene maleic anhydride copolymers, Polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol maleic anhydride, copolymers as vinyl esters and ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids and their derivatives, isoprene maleic acid reanhydride copolymers, sulfonated polyvinyl alcohol and copolymers of vinyl ester and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or their derivatives. Another group drained sorbent substances are non-electrolytes such as polyalkylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, Polyamides and starch. These can be other superabsorbent substances standing polymers in at least partially saponified form or as salts, the Na trium, potassium or ammonium salts are preferred.

In another embodiment of the composition according to the invention that from WO 99/34843 forming part of this disclosure as so-called "Mixed-Bed Ion-Exchange Absorbant Polymers" (MBIEA polymers) known, used alone or with other water-absorbing polymers. Usually MBIEA polymers represent a composition that is basic absorbent polymers capable of exchanging anions, and on the other hand an acidic absorbent compared to the basic absorbent polymer  Include polymer that is able to exchange cations. The basic absorbent polymer has basic groups and is typically characterized by the Obtain polymerization of monomers which carry basic groups or groups, which can be converted into basic groups. These monomers act above all, those which are primary, secondary and / or tertiary amines and have the corresponding phosphines. Belong to this group of monomers especially ethylene amine, allylamine, diallylamine, 4-aminobutene, alkyloxacyline, Vinylformamide, 5-aminopentene, carbodiimide, formaldacin, melanin and the like, and their secondary or tertiary amine derivatives.

In a further preferred embodiment of the composition, the water-absorbing polymer - in its post-crosslinked or non-post-crosslinked Shape - on its surface a layer of an inorganic material, in particular silicon dioxide in various modifications, or one Poly sugar, especially starch or cellulose, preferably cellulose, or at least two of them. The layer of the inorganic material or the Poly sugar is preferably thinner than the average diameter of the water-soluble Polymer particle.

In another preferred embodiment according to the invention, this is water-absorbing polymer at least over a period of 90 days at least 10, preferably 50 and particularly preferably 70 wt .-%, based on the Water-absorbing polymer initially placed in the ground, at a depth of 5 cm in arable soil, without further additives at a temperature of 20 ° C and 60% Humidity is degradable and is referred to as "biodegradable". preferred biodegradable water-absorbing polymers include poly sugar, preferably starch or cellulose or a mixture thereof; preferably in one Amount at least 10, preferably at least 30 and particularly preferably at least 50 wt .-%, each based on the water-absorbing polymer. preferred Biodegradable polymers are for example in DE 42 06 850 A1, DE 42 06 856 A1 and DE 42 06 857 described, which form part of the disclosure.  

The water-absorbing polymer according to the invention preferably exhibits at least one of the following properties:

• a) maximum absorption of a synthetic soil solution in a range of 1 to 500, preferably from 10 to 300, particularly preferably from 15 to 200 and moreover preferably from 20 to 100 ml / g of water-absorbing polymer,
• b) the proportion which can be extracted with water is less than 30, preferably less than 20 and particularly preferably less than 10%, based on that water-absorbing polymer,
• c) threshold time to reach 80% of the maximum absorption of synthetic soil solution in a range from 1 to 180, preferably from 10 to 150 and particularly preferably from 30 to 120 minutes,
• d) bulk density in the range from 500 to 1000, preferably 550 to 950 and particularly preferably 600 to 900 g / l,
• e) pH of 1 g of water-absorbing polymer per 1 l of 0.9% by weight NaCl Water solution in a range from 4 to 10, preferably from 5 to 9 and particularly preferably from 5.5 to 7.5,
• f) absorption of synthetic soil solution against a pressure of 20 g / cm ² within 2 hours in a range from 10 to 100, preferably from 15 to 80 and particularly preferably from 20 to 50 g water / g water-absorbing polymer,
• g) residual monomer content of less than or equal to 300, preferably less than or equal to 200 and particularly preferably less than or equal to 100 ppm, in each case based on the water-absorbing polymer, preferably the polyacrylamide,
• h) particle size at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 50% by weight and particularly preferably at least 90% by weight, based in each case on what sera absorbent polymer, preferably on the polyarylamide, in the range of 10 to 4000, preferably 50 to 2000 and particularly preferably 700 to 1200 μm.

The conceivable Eigen resulting from the above properties Shaft combinations of two and more of these properties stand next to the individual properties each preferred embodiments of the composition according to the invention. Furthermore as inventive Preferred embodiments are compositions with the following as  Character or combinations of letters shown properties, or Property combinations: a, b, c, d, e, f, h, ab, abc, abcd, abcde, abcdef, abcdefg, abcdefgh, with a being particularly preferred.

Furthermore, it is preferred according to the invention that it has the composition of the Active ingredient in an amount in the range from 0.01 to 50, preferably from 0.09 to 25 and particularly preferably from 0.1 to 5% by weight, based in each case on the composition, includes.

The preferred active ingredients are acaricides (AC), algicides (AL), attractants (AT), Reppelentien (RE) bactericide (BA), fungicide (FU), herbicide (HB), insecticide (IN), Molluscicides (MO), nematicides (NE), rodenticides (RO), Savener (SA), sterilants (ST), synergies (SY), viricides (VI) growth regulators (PG) or at least two of them into consideration. Among them, HB, FU, IN, NE are preferred and FU, IN particularly preferred.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the composition includes at least two, preferably different active ingredients.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the Composition at least three, preferably different active ingredients.

In addition, in another embodiment according to the invention, the Composition at least here, preferably different active ingredients.

Below are some preferred classes of active substances, active substance compounds or organisms as active substances together with their use or uses:
Abamectine AC, IN; AC 92553, HE; Acephate IN; AC 382042 FU; Aceqinocyl, AC; Acetamiprid, IN, acetochlor HB; N-Acetylthiazolidin-4-carboxylic acids; Acetoprole AC; Acilflorfen-Na, HE; Aibenzolar-S-methyl; Acifluorfen HB; Aclonifen HB; Acridinic bases RE; Acrinathrin IN, AC; Alachlor HB; Alanycarb IN; Aldicarb NE, IN; Aldimorph FU; Alkyldimethylbenzylammoniumchloride HB; Alkyldimethylethylbenzylammonium chloride HB; Alkyltrimethylammonium chloride BA, FU; Alkyltrimethylbenzylammonium chloride HB; an IN; Allidochlor, HE; Alloxydim HB; Allyl alcohol HB; Alphacypermethrin (= α-cypermethrin); Alphamethrin (= α-cypermethrin) IN; Aluminum ammonium sulfate RE; Aluminum phosphide IN, RO; Aluminum sulphate MO, PG; Ametryn HB; Amicarbazone HB; Amidosulfuron HB; Amino acids PG; 2-aminobutane FU; Amitraz AC, IN; Amitroles (= aminotriazoles) HB; Ammonium carbonate FU; Ammonium hydroxide FU; Ammonium sulphamate HB; Ammonium sulphate HB; Ammonium thiocyanate HB; Amosulfuron HB; Ampropylofos FU; Ancymidol PG; Andoprim FU; Anilazine FU; Anilofos, HE; Anthracene oil IN, AC, HB, RO; Anthraquinone RE; Arsenanhydrid; Asulam HB; Atrazine HB; Azaconazole IN, FU; Azadirachtin IN; Azafenidin FU; Azamethiphos IN; Azinphos-methyl IN, AC; Aziprotryne HB; Azocyclotin AC; Azoxystrobin FU; BAS 500F; Barban HB; Barium fluosilicate IN; Barium nitrate RE; Barium polysulphide IN, FU; BAY MKH 6561 HB; Beflubutamide HB; Benfluamide HB; Benalaxyl FU; Benazolin (-ethyl) HB; Bendiocarb IN; Benefin, HE; Benbiclon / benzobicyclone HB; Benfluralin HB; Benfuracarb IN, NE; Benfuresate HB; Benodanil FU; Benomyl FU; Bensulfuron (-methyl) HB; Bensulide HB; Bensultap IN; Bentaluron FU; Bentazone HB; Benzalkonium chloride HB; Benzamacril FU; Benzoximate AC; Benzoylprop (ethyl) HB; Benzthiazuron HB; 6-benzyladenine PG; Benzofenap, HE; Benzofluor, HE; 2-benzyl-4-chlorophenol FU; Bialophos FU; Bifenazate, IN; Bifenox HB; Bifenthrin IN, AC; Biloxazole FU; Binapacryl FU; Biphenyl FU; Bioallethrin IN; Bioresmethrin IN; Bitertanol 386 FU; Blasticidin S FU; Bordeaux mixture = calcium copper sulphate; Boric acid IN; BPMC, IN; Brandol FU; Brassinolide PG; Brodifacoum RO; Brofenprox = Halfenprox; Bromacil HB; Bromadiolone RE; Bromethalin RE; Bromobutide, HE; Bromocycles IN; Bromofenoxime HB; Bromophos IN; Bromophos-ethyl IN; Bromopropylate AC; Bromoxynil HB; Bromuconazole FU; Bronopol FU, BA; Buminapho, HE; Bupirimate FU; Buprofezin IN; Burgundy mixture FU; Butachlor HB; Butam (= tebutam); Butenachlor FU; Buthidiazo, HE; Buthiobate FU; Butocarboxime IN; Butoxycarboxime IN, AC; Butralin HB, PG; Buturon, HE; sec-butylamine IN; Cadusafos IN, NE; Calciferol RO; Calcium carbide RE; Calcium cyanamide HB; Calcium chloride FU, PG; Calcium copper oxychloride FU; Calcium copper sulfate FU; Calcium cyanide (see cyanides) RO; Calcium phosphate RO; Calcium phosphide RO; Caloxidim, HE; Captan FU; Captafol FU; Carbaryl IN, PG; Carbatene (see Metiram); Carbendazim FU; Carbetamide HB; Carbofuran IN, NE, AC; Carbondioxides IN, RO; Carbon disulfide IN, NE; Carbophenothione IN, AC; Carbosulfan IN, NE; Carboxin FU; Cartap (hydrochloride) IN; Carpropamid FU; Carvone FU; Cetrimide HB; Quinomethionate AC, FU; Chlomethoxyfen HB; Chloral-semi-acylal HB; Chloralose RO; Chloramben HB; Chlorates HB; Chlorobenzthiazon FU; Chlorbromuron HB; Chlorobufam HB; Chloretazate PG; Chloroethoxyfos, IN; Chlorfenapyr, IN; Chlorfenazole FU; Chlorfenprop (methyl) HB; Chlororfenson IN, AC; Chlorfena, HE; Chlorfenvinphos IN; Chlorfluazuron IN; Chlorflurenol (Chlorflurecol) PG; Chloridazon HB; Chlormephos IN; Chlormequat (chloride) PG; Chlorobenzilate AC; Chlorobufam, HE; Chlorofenizon = chlororfenson; 4-chloro-3-methylphenol FU; Chloroneb FU; p-chloronitrobenzene IN; Chlorophacinon RO; Chlorophenprop-methyl HE; Chlorophylline FU, BA; Chloropicrin NE, FU; Chloropropylate AC; Chlorothalonil FU; Chloroxuron HB; Chlorphonium chloride PG; Chlorpropham PG, HB; Chlorpyrifos IN, AC; Chlorpyrifos-methyl IN, AC; Chlorsulfuron HB; Chlorothal-dimethyl HB; Chlorothiamide HB; Chlorothiamidine IN; Chlorothiophos IN; Chlortoluron HB; Chlozolinate FU; Cholecalciferol RO; Choline chloride RO; Cimetacarb ethyl (see Trinexapac); Cimidon-ethyl HB; Cinemthylin HE; Cinidon-ethyl HE; Cinosulfuron HB; Cintofen PG; Citronellol IN, RE; Ciz-zeathin PG; Clefoxydim HB; Clethodim 508 HB; Clodinafop HB; Clofencoet PG; Clofentezine AC; Clomazone HB; Clomeprop HE; Clopoxydim, HE; Clopyralid HB; Clozylacon FU; Codlemone (cf. 8,10-dodecadien-1-ol) AT; Copper acetate FU; Copper ammonium carbonate FU; Copper-β-cyclodextrine hydroxide FU; Copper carbonate basic FU; Copper hydroxide FU; Copper naphtenate FU, RE; Copper oxychloride FU; Copper salts of fatty and rosin acids FU; Copper sulfate FU; Copper sulfate, tri-basic FU; Coumachlor RO; Coumafuryl RO; Coumaphen (see warfarin); Coumatetralyl RO; 4-CPA (4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) PG; p-cresyl acetate RE; Cresylic acid ST, FU; Crimidine RO; Cubiet FU; Cufraneb FU; Cuprammonium FU; Cuprous oxide FU; Cyanamide PG, HB; Cyanazine HB; Cyanides IN, RO; Cycloate HB; Cycloxydim HB; Cycloheximide FU; Cycloprothrin, IN; Cycluron HB; Cyfluthrin IN, AC; β-cyfluthrin IN; λ-cyhalothrin IN; Cyhexatin AC; Cymoxanil FU; Cyprazine, HE; Cypermethrin IN, AC; α-cypermethrin IN; ζ-cypermethrin IN; Cyproconazole FU; Cyprodinil FU; Cyprofuram FU; Cyromazine IN; Cysteine PG; 2,4-D HB, PG; DADZ (zinc dimethylditiocarbamate) RE; Dalapon (sodium) HB; Daminozide PG; Daphneöl RE; Dazomet NE, FU, HB, ST; 2,4-DB HB; DCPA, HE; DD NE, FU, IN; Debacarb FU; 1-decanol PG; 5-decen-1-ol AT; 5-decen-1-ylacetate AT; Decanoncsäure; DEH 112, HE; Deltamethrin IN; Demetone-S-methyl IN, AC; Demeton-S-methyl sulphone IN; Denathonium benzoate RE; Desmedipham HB; Desmetryn HB; Diafenthiuron IN, AC; Dialifos IN, AC; Di-allate HB; Diammonium phosphate AC; Diazinon IN, AC; Dicamba HB; Dichlobenil HB; Dichlofenthion IN; Dichlofluanid FU; Dichlone FU; Dichloran FU; p-dichlorobenzene RO; Dichlorobenzoic acid methyl ester FU; Dichlorophene HB, FU; 1,2-dichloropropane ST; 1,3-dichloropropene NE, HB; 1,3-dichloropropene (cis) NE, HB; Dichlorprop HB; Dichlorprop-P HB; Dichlorvos IN, AC; Diclobutrazole FU; Diclofop (-methyl) HB; Diclocymet FU; Dicloran FU; Diclomezine FU; Dicofol AC; Dicrotophos IN, AC; Dicyclopentadiene PG, Didecyl-dimethylammonium chloride FU, Dienochlor AC, Diethatyl (-ethyl) HB, Diethion (see Ethion), Diethofencarb FU, Difenacoum RO, Difenamide = Diphenamid, Difenoconazole FU, Difenoxuron HB, Difenzoquat (methyl sulfate) HB, FU, Difethialone RO, diflubenzuron IN, diflufenican HB, diflufenzopyr, HB; Diflumetorim FU; Dimefluazole FU; Dikegulac (sodium) PG, Dimefox IN, Dimefuron HB, Dimepiperate HB; Dimethyl-p-menthenic PG; Dimethachlor HB, dimethenamide HB; Dimethipin PG, HB, dimethirimol FU; Dimethoate IN, AC; Dimethomorph FU; Dimeturon, HE; 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal AT; 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol AT; Dimeturon HE; Dimexano HB; Diniconazole FU; Dinitramine HB; Dinobuton AC, FU; Dinocap FU, AC; Dinosep acetate, HE; Dinoterb HB; Dioctyldimethylammonium chloride FU, BA; Dioxacarb IN, 1,7-dioxaspiro-5,5-undecane AT; Dioxathione AT; Diphacinone RO; Diphenamide HB; DNCO HE; Diphenylamine PG; 1,3-diphenylurea PG; Diquat (dibromide) HB; (Disodium) ethylene diamine tetra acetate and its salts HB; Dipyrithione FU; Disodium octaborate HB, disulfoton IN, ditalimfos FU, dithianon FU, 2- (dithiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole FU; Diuron HB; DNOC IN, AC, FU, HB; (4Z-9Z) -7,9-dodecadien-1-ol AT; (E) 7- (Z) 9-dodecadienyl acetate AT; (Z) -8-dodecenol AT; (Z) -5-dodecen-1-ylacetate AT, (Z) -8-dodecenylacetate AT, (E / Z) -8-dodecenylacetate AT; (Z) -9-dodecenyl acetate 422 AT; (E) - 10-dodecenyl acetate AT; trans-9-dodecyl acetate AT; Dodecyl alcohol AT; Dodemorph FU; Dodine FU; DPX HE; Drazoxolon FU; Dymron HE; Ebufos (see Cadusafos), Egliazin-ethyl HE; Edifenphos FU; Emamectin benzoate IN; Endosulfan IN, AC; Endothal HB, δ-endotoxin of the Bacillus thuringiensis IN; Enilconazole (cf. Imazalil); Epocholeone PG; Epoxiconazole FU; 7,8-epoxy-2-methyl-octadecane AT; EPTC HB; Esfenvalerate IN; Esprocarb HE; Etacelasil PG; Etacazazole FU; Ethaboxam FU; Ethalfluralin HB; Ethanethiol RO; Ethanol MO; Ethephon PG; Etbidimuron HB; Ethiozin HE; Ethiofencarb IN; Ethion IN, AC; Ethoxyfen HE; Ethirimol FU; Ethoate methyl IN; Ethofumesate HB; Ethoprophos NE, IN; Ethoxyquin PG; Ethyl hexanoates FU, BA; Ethyl oleate PG; Etofenprox IN; Etoxazole IN; Etridiazole FU; Etrimfos IN, AC; Eucalyptus oil RE, Farnesol AT, Famoxadone FU; Fatty acid esters IN, PG; Sodium salts of the fatty acids HB, IN; Fatty alcohols PG; Fenapanil FU; Fenamidone FU; Fenaminosulf FU; Fenamiphos NE; Fenarimol FU; Fenazaflor AC; Fenazaquin AC; Fenbuconazole FU; Fenbutatin oxide AC; Fenfuram FU; Fenhexamide FU; Fenitropan FU; Fenitrothion IN, AC; Fenizon = Fenson, Fenoprop PG, HB; Fenothiocarb IN, AC; Fenoxanil FU; Fenoxaprop (ethyl) HB, fenoxaprop-P (ethyl) HB; Fenoxycarb IN; Fenpiclonil FU; Fenpropathrin IN, AC; Fenthiapropyl-ethyl HE; Fenpropidin FU; Fenpropimorph FU; Fenpyroximate AC; Fenridazone PG; Fenson AC; Fenthion IN; Fenthiosulf IN; Fentin FU; Fentin acetate FU, EIB; Fentin hydroxide FU, HB; Fenuron HB; Fenvalerate IN, AC; Ferbam FU; Ferimzone FU; Fipronil IN; Flamprop (isopropyl) HB; Flamprop (methyl) HB, flamprop-M (isopropyl) HB; Flazasulforon HE; Flocumafen RO; Fluacrypyrim AC; Fluazifop (-butyl) HB; Fluazifop-P (-butyl) HB; Fluazinam FU; Flubenzimine AC; Flucarbazone HB; Fluchloralin HE; Flucycloxuron AC; Flucythrinate IN; Fludioxonyl FU; Flufenoxuron IN, flumequine BA; Flumetover FU; Flufenacet HB; Flufenpyr HB; Flumethralin PG; Fluometuron HB, flumioxazin HE; Flumipropyn HE; Flumicloralyl HE; Flumetsulam HE; Fluorobentranil HE; Fluoroacetamide RO; Fluorodifene HB; Fluoroglycofene (-ethyl) HB; Flupoxam HB; Fluproxyfen IN; Fluquinconazole FU; Flurenol (flurecol) HB; Fluridone HB; Flurochloridone HB; Fluoromide FU; Fluroxypyr HB flurprimidole PG; Flurtramone HE; Flusilazole FU; Flusulfamide FU; Flutenzine, IN; Flutolanil FU; Flutriafol FU; (Tau) fluvalinate IN; Focus HE; Folic acid PG; Folpet FU; Fomesafen HB; Fonofos IN; Foramsulfuron HB; Formaldehyde FU, ST; Formetanate IN, AC; before formic acid IN; Formothion IN, AC; Fosamine (ammonium) HB; Fosetyl (-aliminium) FU; Fosthiazate IN; Fosthietan NE; Formamsulfuron HB; Fuberidazole FU; Furalaxyl FU; Furametpyr FU; Furacarbonil FU; Furathiocarb IN; Furconazole-cis FU; Furathiocarb IN; Furconazole FU; Furfural HB; Furmecyclox FU; Furyloxyfen HE; Gelatin IN; Gentianic violet BA; Gibberellic acid PG; Gibberellin PG; Glufosinate (ammonium) HB; Glutaraldehyde FU, BA; Glutaraldehyde (see glutaraldehyde); Glyphosate (including trimesium salt) HB; Glyphosate (trimesium) (cf. glyphosate); Guazatine FU, RE; Halfenprox AC; Halofenozide IN; Haloxyfop HB; Haloxyfop-R HB; Haloxyfop-P-methyl HE; Haloxyfopethoxyethyl HE; Halosulfone HE; Heptenophos IN; HW 52 HE; Hexachlorobenzene FU; Hexachlorophene FU; Hexaconazole FU; cis- 7, trans-11-hexadecadienyl acetate AT; (Z) -11-hexadecanols AT; Z-9-Hexadecenal AT; (7Z-11Z) -7,11-hexadien-1-yl acetate AT; Hexaflumuron IN; Hexazinone HB; Hexythiazox AC, IN; Hydramethylnon IN; hydrolyzed proteins AT; Hydroxyisoxazole FU; Hydroxy MCPA PG; Hydroxyphenyl salicylamide FU; 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate FU; Hymexazole FU; IKF-916 FU; ILIA 0051 HE; Imazalil FU; Imazamethabenz (methyl) HB; Imazapyr HB; Imazaquin PG; Imazethabenz HB; Imazethapyr HB, PG; Imibenconazole FU; Imidacloprid IN; Iminoctadine FU; Indolylbutylic acid PG; Indolyl acetic acid PG; Indoxacarb IN; Iodocarb FU; Iodine furnace IN; Iodosulfuron HB; Ioxynil HB; Ipconazole FU; Iprobefos FU; Irpovalicarb FU; Iprodione FU; Iron di-sodium EDTA HB; Iron II sulphate HB, MO; Iron III sulphate HB; Isazofos IN, HB; Isocarbamide HB; Isofenphos IN; Isolan IN; Isoprocarb IN; Isopropalin HB; Isoprothiolane FU; Isoproturon HB; Isoron, HE; Isoval RO; Isovaledione FU; Isoxaben HB; Isoxathione IN; Isoxapyrifop HE; JC 940 HE; Carbutilate HB; Kasugamycin FU, BA; KH 218 HE; Kinoprene IN; Kitazin P FU; Cresoximmethyl FU; KZ-165 FU; Lactic acid PG; Lactofen HE; Lambda cyhalothrin IN; Lauryldimethylbenzylammonium bromide FU, BA; Lauryldimethylbenzylammonium chloride HB; Lecithin FU; Lenacil 163 HB; Lime phosphate PG, limesulfur 17 FU, IN, AC; Lindane IN, RO; Linuron HB; Lufenuron IN; Magnesium phosphide IN, RO; Malathion IN, AC; Maleic hydrazide PG, ManKupfer ("Man" for Mn) FU; Mancozeb FU; Maneb FU; MCPA HB; MCPA thioethyl MO; MCPB HB; Mecarbam IN, AC; Mecoprop HB; Mecoprop-P HB; MCPA HE; MCPB HE; Mefenacet HB; Mefenoxam FU; Meferimzone FU; Mefluidide HE; Mepanipyrim FU; Mefluidide PG; Mephospholan IN; Mepronil FU; Merphos PG; Mesosulfuron HB; Metalaxyl FU; Metalaxyl-M FU; Metaldehyde MO; Metam (sodium) FU, IN, HB, NE; Metamitron HB; Metazachlor NE; Metconazole FU; Methabenzthiazuron HB; Methacrifos IN; Methamidophos IN, AC; Methasulfocarb FU; Methazole HB; Metrifuroxam FU, methidathione IN, AC; Methiocarb IN, MO, RE; Methomyl IN; Methoprene IN; Methoprothryne HB; Methoxychlor IN; Methoxyfenozide IN; Methylarsonic acid (cf. MSMA), methyl bromide FU, IN, NE, HB methylenebisthiocyanate FU; 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octene-1-yl AT; Methylnaphthylacetamide PG; Methylnaphthyl acetic acid PG; Methyl trans-6-nonenoate AT; Methyl nonyl ketone RE; Methyl isothiocyanate FU, NE, HB, IN; Metiram FU; Metobromuron HB; Metolachlor HB; Metomeclam FU; Metominostrobin FU; Metometuron (see tribenuron), metosulam HB; Metoxuron HB; Metribuzin HB; Metsulfovax FU, Metsulfuron (- methyl) HB; Mevinphos IN, AC; Milbemectin IN; Molinate HB; MON 65500 FU; Monalide HB; Monocarbamide dihydrogen sulfate PG, HB; Monocrotophos AC, IN; Monolinuron HB; Monuron HB; MSMA HB; MIT-466 IN; Myclobutanil FU; Myclozolin FU; Nabam FU, HB, Naled IN, AC; Naphtalen RE; 1-naphthylacetamide PG; 1-naphthyl acetic acid PG, naphthylacetic acid ethyl ester. PG, StdT Naphtylacetic acid hydrazide PG; 2-naphthyloxyacetamide PG, HB; 2-naphthyloxyacetic acid PG; Napropamide HB; Naptalam HB; Sodium thiocyanate (cf. sodium thiocyanate); Neburon HB; Neoasozin FU; Nerolidol (cf. 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol; nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate FU; nicosulfuron HB; nicotine IN; nipyraclofen; HE; Nitenpyram IN; nitralin HB; nitrofen HE; nitrofuorfen HE; nitrothal (-isopropyl) FU; NNF-9850 FU; trans-6-non-1-ol AT; nonylphenol ether polyoxyethylene glycol PG; nonylphenol ethoxylate FU; norflurazon HB; noruron HB; novaluron IN; NSK 850; HE; Nuarimol FU; (Z, Z) octadienyl acetate AT; ( Z) -13-Octadecanole AT; Octhilinone FU; Octyldecyldimethyl ammoniumchloride FU, BA; Ofurace FU; Omethoate IN, AC; Orbencarb HB; Organo mercury compounds FU; Oryzalin HB; Oxadiazon HB; Oxadixyl FU; Oxamocarb FU; Oxasulfuron IN; , NE; Oxine-Kupfer FU; Oxycarboxin FU; Oxydemeton-methyl IN, AC; Oxyfluorfen HB; Oxyquinoleine FU; Oxytetracycline BA; Paclobutrazol PG; Papaine RO; Paraffin oil IN, AC; Paraformaldehyde IN; Paraquat HB; Parathion IN, AC; Parathion-methyl IN, RE; PCPA (see 4-CPA) Pebulate HB; Pefurazoate FU; Pelargonsäure; Penconazole FU; Pencycuron FU; Pendimethali n HB; Penoxsulam HB; Pentachlorophenol HB; Pentanochlor HB; 4-t-pentylphenol BA; Pepper IN; Perfluidone HB; Permethrin IN; Petroleum oils FU, HB, IN, AC; Phenazine oxides FU; Phenamiphos (see Fenamiphos); Phenisopham HE; Phenmedipham HB; Phenols HB, ST, phenothiol (see MCPA thioethyl); Phenothrin IN; Phenthoate IN; 2-phenylphenol (including the sodium salts) FU; Pherodim AT; Phorate IN; Phosalones IN, AC; Phosametine HB; Phosdiphen FU; Phosmet IN; Phosphamidon IN, AC; Phosphoric acid Phoxim IN; Phthalide FU; Picloram HB; Picoxystrobin FU; Picolinafen HB; Piperophos HE; Piperalin FU; Pimaricin FU; Pirimicarb IN; Pirimiphos-ethyl IN; Pirimiphos-methyl IN; Primisulforon HE; Plant oils IN, AC, OT, FU, PG; Polybutenes IN; Polyoxin FU; Potassium chlorate (cf. chlorates), Polyram FU; Potassium permanganate FU, BA, MO; Potassium soap (cf. fatty acid salts of potassium); Potassium sorbate FU; Pretilachlor HB; Primisulfuron HB; Probenazole FU; Profluazole ER; Prochloraz FU; Procyacim HE; Procymidone FU; Prodiamine HE; Profenofos IN; Profluazole HB; Profluralin HE; Promecarb IN; Prometon HE; Prometryne HB; Pronamid HE; Pronumone AT; Propachlor HB; Propamocarb FU; Propanil HB; Propham HE; Propaphos IN; Propaquizafop HB; Propargite AT; Propazine HB; Propetamphos IN; Propham HB, PG; Propiconazole FU; Propineb FU; Propionic acid FU, BA; Propoxur IN; Propyl 3-t-butylphenoxyacetate PG; Propyzamide HB; Pyrazolate HE; Pyrazosulforon-ethyl HE; Prosulfocarb HB; Prothiocarb FU; Prothiofos IN; Prothoate IN, AC; Pymetrozine IN; Pyraclofos AC; Pyraclonil HB; Pyraflufen-ethyl; HB; Pyranocumann RO; Pyrazone (cf. chloridazon); Pyrazolymate HB; Pyrazophos FU; Pyrazoxyfen HB; Pyracarbolide FU; Pyrethrins IN; Pyributicarb HE; Pyridaben AC, IN; Pyridafenthione IN, AC; Pyriftalid HB; Pyridate HB; Pyrifenox FU; Pyrimethanil FU; Pyrimidifene IN; Pyriproxyfen IN; Pyrnachlor HE; Pyroquilone FU; Pyroxyfur FU; Quinconazole FU; Quassia IN, RE; Quinalphos IN; Quinclorac HB; Quinmeral HE; Quinoclamine HB, AL; Quinoxyfen FU; Quintozene FU; Quinmerac HB; Quinomethionate (cf. quinomethionate); Quintozene FU; Quizalofop HB; Quizalofop-P HB; Rabenzole FU; Rapeseed oil (see vegetable oils) Renriduron (see rimsulfuron) Resmethrin IN, RH-7281 FU; Rimilure-8L (see (Z, E) -11-tetradecadien-1yl acetate); Rimsulfuron HB; Rotenone IN; Scilliroside RO; Seaweed extract PG; Sebacic acid RE; Sechumeton HB; Seconal OT; Serricornin AT; Sethoxydim HB; Siduron HB; Silafluofen IN; Silthiofam FU; Lake Silberjodid RE; Silver nitrate PG, FU; Simazine HB; Simeconazole FU; Sodium pt-amylphenate FU, BA; Sodium pt-amylphenoxide FU; Sodium arsenite FU, IN; Sodium o-benzyl-p-chlorophenoxide FU; Sodium chlorate (see chlorates); Sodium chloride HB; Sodium cyanide (cf. cyanides); Sodium diacetone ketogulonate PG; Sodium dichlorophenate FU, BA; Sodium dimethylarsinate RO; Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate FU; Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate AC; Sodium fluorosilicate IN; Sodium hydrogen carbonate FU; Sodium hydroxide HB; Sodium hypochlorite BA; Sodium lauryl sulfate FU, BA; Sodium metabisulphite FU; Sodium monochloroacetate HB; Sodium o-nitrophenolate PG; Sodium bis-p-nitrophenolate PG; Sodium 5-nitroguaiacolate PG; Sodium pentaborate PG; Sodium 2-phenylphenate (see 2-phenylphenol); Sodium propionate FU; Sodium silver thiosulphate HB; Sodium tetraborate IN, HB, MO; Sodium tetrathiocarbamate NE; Sodium tetrathiocarbonate NE, FU; Sodium thiocyanate HB; Sodium p-toluenesulfonchloramide BA; Soybean oil, epoxylated IN; Spinosad IN; Spinosyn IN; Spiroxamine FU; SSF-126 FU; SSF-129 FU; Streptomycine BA; Strychnine RO; Sulcotrione JE; Sulfentranzone HE; Sulfodiazole (see ethidimuron); Sulfosates (cf. Glyphosate trimesium); Sulfotep IN, AC; Sulfur FU, AC, RE; Sulfuric acid HB; Sulprofos IN; 2,4,5-T 6 HB; Tamagrowth (TS303) PG; Tarsic acid IN; Tar oils IN, HB; 2,3,6-TBA HB; TCA HB; TCMTB FU; Tebuconazole FU; Tebufenozide IN; Tebufenpyrad AC; Tebupyrimiphos IN; Tebutam HB; Tebuthiuron HB; Tecloftalame FU; Tecnazene FU, PG; Teflubenzuron IN; Tefluthrin IN; Temephos IN; Tepraloxydim HB; Terbacil HB; TerbucarbHE; TerbuchlorHE; Terbufos IN; Terbumeton HB; Terbuthylazine HB; Terbutryn HB; Terrazole FU; Tefcyclasis FU; Tetrachlorvinphos IN; Tetraconazole FU; (Z, E) -11-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate AT; (Z) -7-tetradecanols AT; (Z) -7-tetradecenal AT; (Z) -9-tetradecenyl acetate AT; (E) -11-tetradecenyl acetate AT; Tetradifon AC, IN; Tetramethrin IN; Tetrasul AC; TH 913, HE; Thallium sulphate RO; Thiabendazole FU, thiamethoxam IN; Thiameturon see Thifensulfuron); Thiazafluron HB; Thiazopyr HB; Thidiazuron PG; Thifensulfuron (methyl) HB; Thifluzamide FU; Thiobencarb HB; ThiocarbIN; Thiocyclam (hydrogen oxalate) IN; Thicyofen FU; Thiodicarb IN; Thiofanox IN; Thiometone IN, AC; Thionazine NE; Thiophanate-ethyl FU; Thiophanate-methyl FU; Thiourea RO; Thiram FU; Tioxymid FU; Tiocarbazil HB; Tolclofos-methyl FU; Tolylfluanid FU, AC; Tolylphthalam PG, tralkoxydim HB; Tralomethrin IN; Transfluthrin IN; Tri-phone FU; Triadimenol FU; Triapenthenol PG; Triasulfuron HB; Triazamate IN; Triazbutyl FU; TriazofenamidHE; Triazophos IN, AC; Triazoxide FU; Tribenuron (methyl) HB; S, S, S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate PG; Tributyl phosphorotrithioite (see Merphos); Tributyltin oxide FU; Tricalcium phosphate RO; Trichamid FU; Trichlorfon IN; Trichloronate IN; Triclopyr HB, Z-9-tricosene IN; Tricyclazole FU; (4E-7Z) -4,7-tridecadien-1-yl acetate AT; Tridemorph FU; Tridiphane HB; Trietazine HB; Trifenmorph MO; Trifloxystrobin FU; Trifloxysulfuron HB; Triflumizole FU; Triflumuron IN; Trifluralin HB; Triflusulfuron (-methyl) HB; Triforine FU, AC; Trimedlure AT; TrimeturonHE; Trinexapac PG; Trioxymethylene FU; TritazinHE; Triticonazole FU; Urea FU; Uniconazole FU; Validamycin FU; Vamidothione IN, AC; Vapam FU; Vernolate HB; Vinclozolin FU; Warfarin RO; Wax RO; XRD-563 FU; Xylyl methyl carbamate IN; Xylachlor He; Xylylcarb IN; Zarilamide FU; Zetacypermethrin (cf. zeta-cypermethrin) IN; Zinc phosphide RO; Zineb FU; Zinebethylenethiuram disulphide adduct (cf. (Z) -9- dodecenyl acetate); (Z) -11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate AT; Z-9-tricosene; Bitumen Pruning c, Bone Oil RE; IN greases; Quartz sand RE; Olfactory repellants RE; AD-67 Safener SA; Benoxacor Safener SA; Cloquintocet mexyl safener SA; N, N-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide (R 25 788) safener SA; Extender syn. SY; Fenchlorazole (-ethyl) safener SA; Fenchlorim safener SA; Flurazole safener SA; Mefenpyr-diethyl safener SA; Piperonyl butoxide Syn. SY; Sulfaquinoxaline Syn SY; Aschersonia aleyrodis IN; Agrotis segetum granulosis virus IN; Bacillus sphaericus IN; Bacillus subtilis FU; Amelomyces quisqualis FU; Autographica californica NFV FU; Bacillus thuringiensis IN; subspecies aizawai, subspecies israelensis, subspecies kurstaki, subspecies tenebrionis, Beauveria bassiana IN; Bassiana brongniartii, Cydia pomonella granulosis virus IN; Gliocladium catenulatum FU; Heterorhabditis megidis IN; Lagenidium giganteum IN; Mamestra brassica nuclear polyhedrosis virus IN; Metarhitic anisopliae IN; Neodiprion sertifer nuclear polyhedrosis virus, phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita IN; Phlebiopsis gigantea FU; Pseudomonas aureofacicuc FU; Pseudomonas chorororaphis FU; Pseudomonas fluorescens FU; Rhizobium spp. OT; Steinernema carpocapsae IN; Steinernema feltiae IN; Streptomyces griseoviridis FU; Tomato mosaic virus VI; Trichoderma harzianum FU; Trichoderma polysporum FU; Trichoderma viride FU; Trichoderma spp. (Trichobiol) FU; Verticillium dahliae adhesive. FU; Verticillium lecanii IN.

The following organisms can also be used as IN: Acremonium spp. (sp., berkeleyanum, furcatum, psammosporum, roseum), Acrodontium crateriforme, Akanthomyces gracilis, Aphanocladium album, Arthrobotrys spp. (Amerospora, brochopaga, cladodes, conoides, dactyloides, musiformis, oligospora, oligospora var. oligospora, psychrophilum, superba, thaumasia), Aschersonia spp. (sp., aleyrodis, goldiana, insperata, turbinata), Aspergillus spp. (sp., clavatus, flavus, niger, ochraceus, parasiticus, tamarii), Beauvaria spp. (sp., amorpha, bassiana, brongniartii caledonica, tenella, velata, vermiconia), Calcarisporium ovalisporum, Candida sp., Cladosporium sp., C. cladosporioides, Culicinomyces bisporalis clavisporus, Dactylaria candida, Dactylella spp. (aphrobrocha, leptospora, lobata, oxyspora), Drechmeria coniospora, Duddingtonia flagrans, Engyodontium aranearum, Fusarium spp. (sp., acuminatum, avenaceum, coccophilum, lateritium, moniliforme, moniliforme var. intermedium, nygamai, oxysporum, polyphialidicum, sambucinum, semitectum, solani, subglutinans), Geniculifera paucispora, Geotrichum sp., Gibellula sp., G. clavulifera var. Alba, G. pulchra, Gliocladium sp., G. roseum, Harposporium spp. (anguillulae, arcuatum, cerberi, cycloides, helicoides, janus, leptospira, lilliputanum, subuliforme), Hirsutella spp. (sp., bogoriensis, brownorum, citriformis, fusiformis, gigantea, guyana, haptospora, illustris, kirchneri, nodulosa, radiata, repens, rhossiliensis, satumaensis, strigosa, subulata, thompsonii, thompsonii var. synnematosa, versicolor, verticilloides), Humicola sp., Hymenostilbe verrucosa, Mariannaea spp. (elegans [teleomorph: Nectria mariannaeae], pruinosa), metarhician spp. (sp., album, anisopliae, anisopliae var. anisopliae, anisopliae var. frigidum, anisopliae var. majus, flavoviride, flavoviride var. flavoviride, flavoviride var. minus, taii), Microhilum oncoperae, Monacrosporium spp. (sp., doedycoide, s elegans, ellipsosporum, eudematum, gephyropagum, parvicollis, thaumasium), Myriodontium keratinophilum, Nematoctonus spp. (sp., concurrens, leiosporus, leptosporus), Nomuraea spp. (sp., anemonoid, s atypicola, rileyi), Ostracoderma sp., Paecilomyces spp. (sp., amoenoroseus, andoi, canadensis, farinosus, fumosoroseus, javanicus, lilacinus, marquandii, reniformis, tenuipes, viridis), Penicillium sp., P. thomii, Phialophora malorum, Phoma cava, Plesiospora globosa,  Polycephalomyces formosus, P. tomentosus, Pseudogibellula formicarum, Rotiferophthora spp. (sp., amamiensis, angustispora, japonica, lacrima, minutispora), Scopulariopsis sp., Sorosporella sp., S. uvella, Sporothrix insectorum, Stachybotrys sp., Stilbella buquetti, Syngliocladium sp., Synnematium jonesii Tolypocladium spp. (cylindrosporum, extinguens, geodes, lignicola, microsporum, nubicola, parasiticum, tundrense), Trichoderma lignorum, Trichothecium roseum, Tritirachium isariae, Verticillium spp. (aranearum, bactrosporum, balanoides, cephalosporum, chlamydosporium, cinnamoneum, coccosporum, epiphytum, fungicola, fungicola var. flavidum, fusisporum, indicum, insectorum, lamellicola, lecanii, pseudohemipterigenum, psalliotae); Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales, Basidiobolus spp. (Haptosporus, microsporus, ranarum), Batkoa spp. (apiculata, gigantea, major), Conidiobolus spp. (adiaeretus, bangalorensis, brefeldianus, coronatus, firmipilleus, lachnodes, lamprauges, obscurus [synonym: Entomophthora thaxteriana] osmodes, pseudapiculatus, pumilus, rhysosporus, thromboides [synonyms: Entomophthora virulenta, E. pyriformis, E. destruens]), Entomophaga spp. (asiatica, aulicae, australiensis, calopteni, conglomerata, grylli, macleodii, maimaiga, praxibuli, tabanivora, tenthredinis), Entomophthora spp. (chromaphidis, culicis, muscae, planchoniana, schizophorae), Erynia spp. (aquatica, conica, curvispora, ovispora, rhizospora, sciarae, Eryniopsis spp. (caroliniana, ptychopterae, Furia spp. (americana, crustosa, ithacensis, neopyralidarum, pieris, virescens), Macrobiotophthora vermicola, Massospora spp. (cicadina, levispora), Neozygites spp. (floridana, fresenii, parvispora, tetranychi, turbinata), Pandora spp. (blunckii, bullata, delphacis, dipterigena, echinospora, kondoiensis, neoaphidis, nouryi), Schizangiella sp., S. serpentis, Strongwellsea castrans, Zoophthora spp. (anglica, aphidis, lanceolata, occidentalis, phalloides, phytonomi, radicans); Zygomycetes: Mucorales, Mortierella spp. (claussenii, histoplasmatoides, hyalina), Sporodiniella umbellata; Zygomycetes: Harpellales, Smittium culicis, S. culisetae; Oomycetes: Saprolegniales, Aphanomyces sp., Leptolegnia sp., Saprolegnia sp .; Oomycetes: Lagenidiales, Crypticola clavulifera, Lagenidium caudatum, L. giganteum; Pyrenomycetes: Clavicipitales, Atricordyceps harposporifera, Cordycepioideus bisporus; Cordyceps spp. (sp., aphodii, militaris, ophioglossoides, roseostromata, variabilis); Torrubiella homopterorum, T. ratticaudata; Chytridiomycetes: Chytridiales, Catenaria anguillulae, Coelomycidium  simulii; Plectomycetes: Ascosphaerales; Ascosphaera spp. (aggregata, apis, atra, duoformis, flava, major, proliperda); Ascomycota: Sordariales; Syspastospora parasitica; Basidiomycetes: FilobasidialesFilobasidiella arachnophila.

Furthermore, it is preferred according to the invention that biological, living or dead organisms that kill a harmful organism other than the plant or inhibit its growth, can be used.

In a preferred embodiment of the composition according to the invention different, preferably at least two, active compound or Combined drug groups. It is also in an inventive Embodiment preferred that the composition is Steinernema feltiae-free.

Each individual classes of active substance, active substance compound or Organisms can be considered by the composition of the invention as Active ingredient to be included; preferably at least 5, preferably at least 25 and particularly preferably at least 75% by weight, based on the active ingredient.

Organisms other than the plant are preferably organisms that are not too belong to the class of plants, in particular antopodes, bacteria and osmycetes. These organisms always have in common that they support the growth of the plant affect.

The invention further relates to a method for producing a nutrient medium for Plants, wherein one of the above compositions with a nutrient substrate in Is brought into contact.

All plant growth known to those skilled in the art come as the nutrient substrate promoting substances into consideration. Among these substances are inorganic or organic, preferably organic fertilizers preferred. Here are limestone embroidery and to name methylene urea as examples.  

Furthermore, the solid as well as liquid carriers in nutrient medium include. Water is preferred as the liquid carrier. As solid carriers come both essentially water-insoluble minerals and essentially water-insoluble plastics. The minerals are, for example, sand, Pebbles or clay minerals and also gypsum are preferred. Can be used as carriers Water-insoluble plastics are, for example, polyamides, polypropylene, polyethylene and in particular fibers formed from these polymers, which preferably to Woven, knitted or braided are processed. More preferred organic Carrier materials are wood flour and paper fibers.

In the event that the nutrient medium is liquid, it is preferred that the Contacting by impregnating the composition with the nutrient substrate he follows. It is preferred that the water-absorbing polymer with the Nutrient substrate is impregnated. The impregnation can be carried out in the presence of the active ingredient but also before adding the active ingredient to the water-absorbing polymer. The impregnation is preferably carried out by at least partially swelling the water absorbent polymer.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a medium by the previously described Method is available as well as a nutrient medium which is an inventive Composition includes.

In addition, the invention relates to a method for controlling one of certain plant different organism, the particular plant with a composition according to the invention or a nutrient medium according to the invention in Is brought into contact.

In addition, the invention relates to the use of a composition comprising a water-absorbing polymer and an active ingredient and optionally auxiliaries and additives for

• 1. reduced phytotoxic effect of the active ingredient on a plant germ the same administration of active ingredient compared to the same administration of active ingredient without  water-absorbing polymer in the control of a plant different organism, preferably by at least 2, preferably by at least 10 and particularly preferably by at least 20%, based on the Active ingredient administration without water-absorbing polymer;
• 2. reduced phytotoxic effect of the active ingredient on a plant in a same administration of active ingredient compared to the same administration of active ingredient without water-absorbing polymer in the control of a plant different organism, preferably by at least 2, preferably by at least 10 and particularly preferably by at least 20%, based on the Active ingredient administration without water-absorbing polymer;
• 3. Increased effectiveness after Abbott of the active ingredient in the composition Comparison to the same administration of active ingredient without the water-absorbing polymer in the fight against an organism different from the plant in same time, preferably by at least 2, preferably by at least 10 and particularly preferably by at least 20%, based on the Active ingredient administration without water-absorbing polymer; or
• 4. increased duration of effectiveness after Abbott the active ingredient in the Composition compared to the same administration of active ingredient without the water-absorbent polymer in the control of a plant different organism, preferably by at least 2, preferably by at least 10 and particularly preferably by at least 20%, based on the Active ingredient administration without water-absorbing polymer

or at least two as uses.

Possible uses as preferred embodiments result from the subsequent combinations of the individual uses, expressed by Combinations of the Greek letters: αβ, βγ, αγ, αβγ, αγδ, αβδ, βγδ, αβγδ, with αβγδ being particularly preferred.

In addition, the invention relates to a method for increasing the yield in plant cultivation by spreading a nutrient medium according to the invention or a nutrient medium according to the invention, preferably, the application using at least the following steps:

• a) distributing the composition or the nutrient medium, preferably the Composition, to the floor;
• b) incorporating the composition or the nutrient medium, preferably the Composition, under the surface of the soil

he follows.

In addition, the invention relates to a method for applying a composition or a nutrient medium according to the invention, preferably the composition, into a soil, with the following steps:

• a) distributing the composition or the nutrient medium, preferably the Composition, to the floor;
• b) incorporating the composition or the nutrient medium, preferably the Composition, under the surface of the soil;

preferably followed by irrigation, preferably with a linear one Polymer, as step iii. Steps i., Ii. and optionally iii. are preferably done after the soil has been harvested or in the period beginning with sowing until one week after sowing. In another embodiment, this is done Application in the period of 10, preferably 5 and particularly preferably 2 days before and after sowing the seeds.

The composition according to the invention or the nutrient medium according to the invention up to 50 centimeters below the surface of the soil incorporated. The composition according to the invention or is particularly preferred the nutrient medium according to the invention 1 to 40, preferably 5 to thirty and particularly preferably 10 to 20 cm deep into the soil. Generally oriented the depth of incorporation of the composition according to the invention or the nutrient medium according to the invention at the depth at which the seed in the soil brought. It is therefore particularly preferred that the invention Composition or the nutrient medium according to the invention in a range of  at most 5, preferably at most 2 and particularly preferably at most 1 cm above and is incorporated into the soil below the average depth of the seed.

In a further preferred embodiment of the latter two Process is in the composition according to the invention so in the soil introduced that it is above the seed. In this context it is preferred that the composition be at least 0.5, preferably at least 1 and particularly preferably at least 5 cm above the seed.  

Test methods for the superabsorbers used Absorption of synthetic soil solution against pressure

The liquid absorption capacity against an external pressure was based on the European Dispodables and Nonwovens Association (EDANA) Method No. 442.1- 99 determined.

0.90 g of the test substance was weighed into a test cylinder with an internal diameter of 60.0 mm and a sieve plate (400 mesh) (concentration: 0.032 g / cm ² ) and distributed evenly. A cylindrical weight (20 g / cm ² ) with an outer diameter of 59.2 mm was placed on the test substance. Filter plates were placed in a plastic bowl and covered with filter paper. The plastic bowl was filled with synthetic soil solution until the liquid level was flush with the top edge of the filter plates. The prepared measuring units were then placed on the filter plates. After a swelling time of 120 minutes, the measuring units were removed and the weight removed. The amount of liquid taken up was determined gravimetrically and converted to 1 g of test substance.

Synthetic floor solution

Contain 1000 g of solution
0.0019 g FeCl ₃

-6H _2nd

O
0.0353 g NH ₄

Cl
0.0712 g NaCl
0.2980 g KCl
0.3363 g MgSO ₄

-6H _2nd

O
1.5661 g CaCl ₂

-6H _2nd

O
0.0065 g NaN ₃

997.6847 g H ₂

O

Swell time to absorb synthetic soil solution

1.00 g of superabsorbent was weighed out and stirred into 200 ml of test solution. To 15 minutes of stirring was left for 105 minutes. Then was over a sieve (100 mesh) filtered and so the amount of liquid absorbed determined. The Result was in absorbed volume of liquid per gram of superabsorbent specified. The determination of the swell time at which 80% of the intake is reached were done by varying the measurement time and graphing and Interpolation of the 80% value.

residual monomer content

The residual monomer content of acrylamide was determined by swelling in an excess of 0.9 percent. NaCl solution, shear with the Ultra-Turrax and subsequent determination of the content by means of HPLC.

PH value

0.1 g of superabsorbent was dissolved in 100 ml of 0.9 percent. NaCl solution stirred in and 30 min ditched. The pH was then determined.

bulk density

The bulk density of superabsorbent polymers is determined by using a representative sample of 100 g in a density determination vessel of known Volume flows. The jar is weighed and the weight of the sample per Unit volume calculated and recorded as bulk density in g / l.

Soluble portion

The extractable fraction was determined using GPC. For this, the sample was in 16 h 0.9 percent Stirred NACl solution and filtered off. The filtrate is over a GPC  analyzed. The soluble fraction is calculated from the peak area of the chromatogram. The system is calibrated such that the filtrate is evaporated and from the Total carbon residue is determined.

Efficacy according to Abbot

retention

0.20 g of a test substance was weighed into a tea bag and in for 30 minutes swelled with a 0.9% NaCl solution. After draining for ten minutes, the Tea bags in a centrifuge for five minutes, for example a commercially available one Spin dryer, spun at 1400 rpm. The fluid intake was determined gravimetrically and converted to 1 g test substance.

Examples example 1

Cymoxanil is in a concentration of 2.5% in a Superabsorber Favor® 990 from Stockhausen GmbH & Co. KG (Na polyacrylate, weakly cross-linked) incorporated into the superabsorbent gel by means of a kneader and to a granulate processed from a grain size of 150 to 850 µm determined by sieve analysis. The granulate - is then worked into potting soil so that the Concentration of cymoxanil in the potting soil (uniform soil) is 0.5 ppm (Invention).  

Comparative Example 1

In a comparative study, the cymoxanil is in contrast to example 1 introduced unformulated in the same concentration in the earth.

After 14, 28 and 42 days, the effect of the cymoxanil against the downy mildew. This is the disease of the plants compared to the disease of an untreated plant. The effectiveness is shown in Table 1 according to Abbott in%.

Table 1

Example 2

From 100 g of Favor® 990 superabsorbent from Stockhausen GmbH & Co. KG and 5 g of the fungicide triadimenol is a homogeneous mixture when water is added prepares. The mixture is dried and to a particle size of 200-800 microns ground.

Example 3

From 100 g of Favor® 990 superabsorbent from Stockhausen GmbH & Co. KG and 2.5 g Cymoxanil is prepared according to Example 2, a homogeneous mixture.

Example 4

From 100 g of Favor® 990 superabsorbent from Stockhausen GmbH & Co. KG and 5 g Imidacloprid is prepared according to Example 2, a homogeneous mixture.

Example 5

From 100 g of Favor® 990 superabsorbent from Stockhausen GmbH & Co. KG and 2.5 g Tebuconazole is prepared according to Example 1, a homogeneous mixture.

Example 6

From 100 g of Favor® 990 superabsorbent from Stockhausen GmbH & Co. KG and 2.5 g Dimethomorph is produced according to Example 2, a homogeneous mixture.

Example 7

From 100 g of Favor® 990 superabsorbent from Stockhausen GmbH & Co. KG and 2.5 g Metalaxyl is prepared according to Example 2, a homogeneous mixture.

Example 8

From 100 g of Favor® 990 superabsorbent from Stockhausen GmbH & Co. KG and 2.5 g Acetamiprid is prepared according to Example 2, a homogeneous mixture.

Example 9

From 100 g of Favor® 990 superabsorbent from Stockhausen GmbH & Co. KG and 2.5 g Oxamyl is prepared according to Example 2, a homogeneous mixture.

Example 10

From 100 g of Favor® 990 superabsorbent from Stockhausen GmbH & Co. KG and 2.5 g Clorpyriphos is prepared according to Example 2, a homogeneous mixture.  

Example 11

From 100 g of Favor® 990 superabsorbent from Stockhausen GmbH & Co. KG and 2.5 g 2,4-D is prepared according to Example 1, a homogeneous mixture.

Example 12-21

Examples 2-11 are repeated, but instead of the Superabsorber Favor® 990 the superabsorber STOCKOSORB® 410 K from Stockhausen GmbH & Co. KG is used. This super absorber has the following properties:

• a) Liquid absorption in synthetic soil solution: 50 ml / g
• b) Extractable portion: 12-15%
• c) Swelling time to reach 80% of the intake according to a) 45 min
• d) Bulk density: 600-850 g / l
• e) pH 6.0-7.5
• f) AASP 40 g / g
• g) Residual acrylamide content: <30 ppm
• h) Particle size: proportion between 200 and 3000 µm <97%

Example 22-31

Examples 2-11 are repeated, but instead of the Superabsorbent Favor® Super absorber according to Example 7 from P 42 06 850 A1, which is hereby part of the Revelation is used.

Comparative Examples 2-11

Examples 2-11 are repeated, but instead of the superabsorbent, sea sand is used used.

Comparative Example 12-21

Examples 2-11 are repeated, but instead of the superabsorbent one Clay mineral (commercially available cat litter (Biocats) from Süd-Chemie) is used.

Example 32-36

The products from Examples 2, 12, 22, Comparative Examples 2 and 12 are included Vegetable soil (horticultural potting soil) mixed homogeneously, so that the concentration Plant protection product in the soil is 30 ppm. 10 Seeds of wheat (ralle) planted. In addition, in a comparison test 10 seeds were planted, but no pesticide is added.

4 replications of the experiments described are carried out in each case. As The indicator of the phytotoxicity of the active ingredient on a plant germ is Number of germinated wheat grains and the average length of a plant Wheat listed in Table 2 below.

Table 2

Example 37-41

The products from Examples 3, 13, 23, Comparative Examples 3 and 13 are included Vegetable soil (horticultural potting soil) mixed homogeneously, so that the concentration Plant protection product in the soil is 30 ppm. 1  Pricked tomato plant. In addition, in a comparative experiment Tomato plant pricked, but no pesticide is added.

4 replications of the experiments described are carried out in each case. As The indicator of the phytotoxicity of the active ingredient on a plant is average length of the tomato plant after 21 days in Table 3 below listed.

Table 3

Example 42-46

The products from Examples 4, 14, 24, Comparative Examples 4 and 14 are included Vegetable soil (horticultural potting soil) mixed homogeneously, so that the concentration Plant protection product in the soil is 100 ppm. 10 Seeds of wheat (ralle) planned. In addition, in a comparison test 10 seeds are planned, but no pesticide is added.

4 replications of the experiments described are carried out in each case. As The indicator of the phytotoxicity of the active ingredient for the plant germ is Number of germinated wheat grains and the average length of the plant Wheat listed in Table 3 below.  

Table 3

Example 47-51

The products from Examples 5, 15, 25, Comparative Examples 5 and 15 are included Vegetable soil (horticultural potting soil) mixed homogeneously, so that the concentration Plant protection product in the soil is 30 ppm. 10 Seeds of wheat (ralle) planned. In addition, in a comparison test 10 seeds are planned, but no pesticide is added.

4 replications of the experiments described are carried out in each case. As Indicator of the phytotoxicity of the active ingredient for a plant germ the number of germinated wheat grains and the average length of a plant Wheat listed in Table 4 below.  

Table 4

Example 52-56

The products from Examples 6, 16, 26, Comparative Examples 6 and 16 are included Vegetable soil (horticultural potting soil) mixed homogeneously, so that the concentration Plant protection product in the soil is 30 ppm. 10 Seeds of wheat (ralle) planned. In addition, in a comparison test 10 seeds are planned, but no pesticide is added.

4 replications of the experiments described are carried out in each case. As Indicator of the phytotoxicity of the active ingredient for a plant germ the number of germinated wheat grains and the average length of a plant Wheat listed in Table 5 below.  

Table 5

Example 57-61

The products from Examples 7, 17, 27, Comparative Examples 7 and 17 are included Vegetable soil (horticultural potting soil) mixed homogeneously, so that the concentration Plant protection product in the soil is 30 ppm. 1 Pricked tomato plant. In addition, in a comparative experiment Tomato plant pricked, but no pesticide is added.

4 replications of the experiments described are carried out in each case. As The indicator of the phytotoxicity of the active ingredient for a plant is average length of the tomato plant after 21 days in Table 6 below listed.

Table 6

Example 62-66

The products from Examples 8, 18, 28, Comparative Examples 8 and 18 are included Vegetable soil (horticultural potting soil) mixed homogeneously, so that the concentration Plant protection product in the soil is 100 ppm. 10 Seeds of wheat (ralle) planned. In addition, in a comparison test 10 seeds are planned, but no pesticide is added.

4 replications of the experiments described are carried out in each case. As Indicator of the phytotoxicity of the active ingredient for a plant germ the number of germinated wheat grains and the average length of a plant Wheat listed in Table 7 below.

Table 7

Example 67-71

The products from Examples 9, 19, 29, Comparative Examples 9 and 19 are included Vegetable soil (horticultural potting soil) mixed homogeneously, so that the concentration Plant protection product in the soil is 100 ppm. 10 Seeds of wheat (ralle) planned. In addition, in a comparison test 10 seeds are planned, but no pesticide is added.  

4 replications of the experiments described are carried out in each case. As Indicator of the phytotoxicity of the active ingredient for a plant germ the number of germinated wheat grains and the average length of a plant Wheat listed in Table 8 below.

Table 8

Example 72-76

The products from Examples 10, 20, 30, Comparative Examples 10 and 20 are included Vegetable soil (horticultural potting soil) mixed homogeneously, so that the concentration Plant protection product in the soil is 100 ppm. 10 Seeds of wheat (bale) planned. In addition, in a comparison test 10 seeds are planned, but no pesticide is added.

4 replications of the experiments described are carried out in each case. As Indicator of the phytotoxicity of the active ingredient for a plant germ the number of germinated wheat grains and the average length of a plant Wheat listed in Table 9 below.  

Table 9

Example 77-81

The products from Examples 11, 21, 31, Comparative Examples 11 and 21 are included Vegetable soil (horticultural potting soil) mixed homogeneously, so that the concentration Plant protection product in the soil is 10 ppm. 10 Seeds of wheat (ralle) planned. In addition, in a comparison test 10 seeds are planned, but no pesticide is added.

4 replications of the experiments described are carried out in each case. As Indicator of the phytotoxicity of the Wiarkstoff for a plant germ the number of germinated wheat grains and the average length of a plant Wheat listed in Table 10 below.  

Table 10

Example 82-86

Examples 32 to 36 are repeated, but barley is used instead of wheat planted. The results are qualitatively the same, i. H. the germination rate of the seeds in the floors in which the formulations with the superabsorbents and the Triadimenol is better than the one in which the formulations are found mineral carriers, also show the superabsorbent formulations less influence (depression) of plant growth than mineral Formulations.

Example 87-89

Examples 7, 17, 27 are repeated, but in addition to the metalaxyl, a fraction of 2% lignin and 2% TiO ₂ (microcrystalline) Ensole® T2000 from Merk AG is introduced into the absorber.

Examples 90-92

Examples 57-59 are repeated (this also includes an untreated one Comparative sample is pricked), but those prepared according to Example 87-89 Preparations used. The results are qualitatively the same as the results Examples 57-59 have resulted.  

Example 93-97

Examples 46-50 are repeated, but the formulations do not homogeneously mixed with the potting soil; rather, the wording is about 2 mm placed above the seed as a layer in the soil. They were watching Phytotoxicities only differ in the case of superabsorbent formulations low of Examples 47-49 (slightly increased phytotoxicity) in the case of mineral carriers, however, a strong increase in phytotoxicity can be observed.

materials Favor® 990

A monomer solution of 247.5200 g is placed in a cylindrical plastic container Acrylic acid, 350.8603 g deionized water, 0.15% (based on acrylic acid) Craynor 454 from Cray Valley and 0.25% (based on acrylic acid) acrylic acid ester one 10EO allyl alcohol prepared. With stirring and cooling, 192.3302 g becomes 50% Sodium hydroxide solution (70% degree of neutralization) partially neutralized. The solution is at 7-8 ° C cooled and bubbled with nitrogen until the oxygen content in the Monomer solution has dropped to a value below 0.2 ppm. Then there 0.0884 g of azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride dissolved in 10.0000 g demineralized water, 0.2652 g sodium persulfate dissolved in 7.5000 g demineralized water, Add 0.0619 hydrogen peroxide (35% solution) in 10.0000 g demineralized water. After that the polymerization is dissolved in 2.0000 g by adding 0.0080 g of ascorbic acid Demineralized water started, after which a significant increase in temperature is found. The water-absorbent polymer is then bulged at 150 ° C in Circulating air drying cabinet dried, ground and on the grain fraction 150-850 µm sieved.

The water-absorbing polymer obtained has the following characteristics:

• a) pH in the range of 5.5 to 6.5  
• b) bulk density in the range from 500 to 650 g / l
• c) grain size in the range of 0.15 to 0.85 mm
• d) degree of neutralization of 70 mol%
• e) Retention in the range of 28 to 30 g / g in a 0.9% NaCl solution

Example 7 from P 42 06 850 A1 precursor

The mixture, 38 g CMC, (Walocel 30000), 2 g "SABA" are at room temperature (15 to 20 ° C) stirred in 360 ml of water and left for three hours. After that the gels obtained are two hours at 100 ° C in a forced air drying cabinet dried, then ground and sieved to a particle size of 90-630 microns.

superabsorbent

5 g of the preliminary product are mixed with 0.25 g Aerosil R 972 (fumed silica, Particle diameter: 16 mm Degussa AG), 0.25 g acid-determined TONE 230, 0.5 ml of water and 1 ml of i-propanol are mixed vigorously and mixed and stirred for one hour Heated in the oven at 50 ° C. In addition, 0.25 g of fiber Be 600/30 incorporated. TBT (max./ret.) = 49 g / g / 28 g / g; AUL = 18.9 g / g; FT: B C D according to the methods disclosed in P 42 06 850 A1.

Claims (11)

1. Composition comprising a water-absorbing polymer and at least one active ingredient and optionally auxiliaries and additives, the composition exhibiting at least one of the following properties:

• 1. reduced phytotoxic effect of the active substance on a plant germ with the same active substance administration in comparison to the same active substance administration without water-absorbing polymer when combating an organism different from the plant, based on the active substance administration without water-absorbing polymer;
• 2. Reduced phytotoxic effect of the active substance on a plant when the same active substance is administered compared to the same active substance administration without water-absorbing polymer when combating an organism different from the plant, based on the active substance administration without water-absorbing polymer;
• 3. increased effectiveness after Abbott of the active ingredient in the composition compared to the same administration of active ingredient without the water-absorbing polymer in combating an organism different from the plant at the same time, based on the administration of active ingredient without water-absorbing polymer; or
• 4. increased duration of effectiveness after Abbott of the active ingredient in the composition compared to the same administration of active ingredient without the water-absorbing polymer in combating an organism different from the plant, based on the administration of active ingredient without water-absorbing polymer

or at least two of them,
and
at least one of the following:

• 1. maximum absorption of an aqueous soil solution in a range from 1 to 500 ml / g composition,
• 2. the proportion which can be extracted with water is less than 30% by weight, based on the water-absorbing polymer,
• 3. swelling time until reaching 80% of the maximum absorption of an aqueous soil solution in a range from 1 to 180 minutes,
• 4. bulk density in a range from 500 to 1000 g / l,
• 5. pH of 1 g composition / 10.9% by weight NaCl water solution in a range from 4 to 10,
• 6. absorption against a pressure of 20 g / cm ² within 2 h in a range from 10 to 100 g water / g composition,
• 7. acrylamide content of less than or equal to 300 ppm, based on the composition,
• 8. Particle size of at least 10% by weight of all particles in the range from 10 to 4000 μm.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition Active ingredient in an amount in the range of 0.01 to 5 wt .-%, based on the Composition, includes. 3. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the water-absorbing polymer to at least 5 wt .-%, based on the water-absorbing polymer, on a carboxyl group ethylenically unsaturated monomer. 4. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the Active ingredient an acaricide (AC), an algicide (AL), an attractant (AT), a Reppelentie (RE), a bactericide (BA), a fungicide (FU), a herbicide (HB), an insecticide (IN), a molluscicide (MO), a nematicide (NE), a rodenticide (RO), a Savener (SA), a Sterilantie (ST), a Synergentie (SY), a Viricide (VI), a growth regulator (PG) or at least two of them.   5. A method for producing a nutrient medium for plants, the Composition according to one of the preceding claims with a Nutrient substrate is brought into contact. 6. nutrient medium, obtainable the method according to claim 5. 7. nutrient medium comprising the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and a nutrient substrate. 8. Procedure for controlling one of a particular plant different organism, the particular plant with a Composition according to one of claims 1 to 5 or of the nutrient medium is brought into contact according to claim 5 or 6. 9. Use of a composition comprising a water-absorbing polymer and at least one active ingredient and optionally auxiliaries and additives for

• 1. reduced phytotoxic effect of the active substance on a plant germ with the same active substance administration in comparison to the same active substance administration without water-absorbing polymer when combating an organism different from the plant, based on the active substance administration without water-absorbing polymer;
• 2. Reduced phytotoxic effect of the active substance on a plant when the same active substance is administered compared to the same active substance administration without water-absorbing polymer when combating an organism different from the plant, based on the active substance administration without water-absorbing polymer;
• 3. increased effectiveness after Abbott of the active ingredient in the composition compared to the same administration of active ingredient without the water-absorbing polymer in combating an organism different from the plant at the same time, based on the administration of active ingredient without water-absorbing polymer; or
• 4. increased duration of effectiveness after Abbott of the active ingredient in the composition compared to the same administration of active ingredient without the water-absorbing polymer in combating an organism different from the plant, based on the administration of active ingredient without water-absorbing polymer;

or at least two of them in the fight against an organism different from the plant. 10. A method of increasing crop yield by spreading one Composition according to one of claims 1 to 5 or a nutrient medium according to claim 5 or 6 in a floor. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the application comprises at least the following steps:

• a) spreading the composition or the nutrient medium on the soil;
• b) Incorporation of the composition or the nutrient medium under the surface of the soil

he follows.