DE10102712B4 - Method for connecting at least partially overlapping components and device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

method for connecting at least partially overlapping components (2, 3), in particular sheets, in a mechanical joining process without pre-hole with the help of an auxiliary joining part (1), wherein the auxiliary joining part (1) by an upper and lower tool (4, 5, 6) with an axial Feed movement, which is a wobbling motion of the upper tool (6) superimposed is, so in the components to be connected (2, 3) is formed, that in the connection area these components (2, 3) formed under plastic deformation positive and / or cohesive connection is formed, characterized in that the auxiliary joining part (1) at least in the connection area even after completion of the joining process exclusively with one of the two components (2, 3) is in contact, and during the joining process essentially retains its shape.

Description

The The present invention relates to a method of joining itself at least partially overlapping Components according to the preamble of Patent claim 1, and a device according to the preamble of claim 9. In particular, the present invention relates to a method and a device in which / at least two components by plastic Deformation thereof by means of auxiliary joining parts, in particular solid rivets, be connected to each other.

In The sheet metal industry will be single parts through the manufacturing process the mechanical joining technique connected. The invention relates to the field of mechanical Joining Technology, where no pre-hole needed becomes. Especially in the automotive industry these are cheap Method used in mass production.

Out The prior art discloses methods and devices for bonding overlapping, in particular plate-shaped, Components without forming a Vorlochs known as Joining step, wherein the Retaining compound between the components either with the help of an auxiliary joining part, in particular punch rivets with Halbhohlniet or rivet or by the so-called clinching or clinching without a corresponding Auxiliary joining part is reached.

at Both methods become an overlap area the components between a punch and a die arranged. This stamp is then in the joint area of the two components pushed in with high force, whereby both components deform plastically. The matrix is here designed so that a Deformation of the two components in the joint area is such that undercut areas between form the components. This training of undercuts is favored by a wobbling motion of the punch about its longitudinal axis.

at Using an auxiliary joining part this already has undercut areas, and it does is enclosed by the two components in the joining area, if the auxiliary joining part is pressed by the stamp in the components and these plastically deform.

at This known method is by the stamp from one side a joining force Applied to both components and the die on the opposite Page serves to this Fügekratt support.

At the known rivets with rivet is the auxiliary joining part with a straight-line movement without a pre-hole in the to be connected Sheets joined, wherein the opposite side is formed by a hollow die and several Pipe trims are produced as waste. The auxiliary joining part is hardened, takes over Cutting the function of the cutting punch and is not in the joining process deformed.

In the known tumbling punch rivets with Halbhohlniet ( DE 199 27 103 A1 ), the auxiliary joining part is joined with a rectilinear and tumbling motion without pre-hole in the sheets to be joined, the opposite side is formed by a die and no waste is produced. The auxiliary joining part is deformed during the joining and forms the undercut.

In the known Taumelclinchen ( DE 199 45 743 A1 ) is formed by the punch with a straight and wobbling motion without pre-hole an undercut into the sheets to be joined, the opposite side is formed by a die and no waste.

In the known Tox-Nietclinchen ( DE 199 13 695 A1 ) An auxiliary joining part is added with a rectilinear motion without pre-hole in the sheets to be joined, wherein the opposite side is formed by a die and no waste is formed.

These Procedures can used when both sides of the components to be joined accessible are to arrange both punch and die accordingly. Since the stamp must be aligned with the die so-called C-hanger used as tool racks to punch and die each other to position.

Farther is known from the prior art, the so-called 'hydroforming'. In hydroforming, components, in particular pipes or the like, arranged in a mold, and the inner surface these components subjected to a relatively high pressure. Thereby The component deforms plastically and comes into abutment with a Form surface of the Mold. As a pressure medium is, for example, a high pressure fluid used.

At the The methods of riveting with solid rivet described are high personnel needed. These high joining forces provide size Requirements for leadership the tools. Due to these high tool and tool frame loads the application is limited to high-strength sheets. moreover is for the predominantly used as a tool rack C-bracket the projection and thus limited the applicability of the method.

Farther is very disadvantageous in punch riveting with solid rivet that, firstly, Waste in the form of multiple pinholes per connection is formed the process security the subsequent manufacturing steps affected, and secondly, the often on the die-side plates clamp on the die with the result from die wear and -fracture; and third, the auxiliary joining part complicated and expensive to manufacture.

At the Tox-Nietclinchen need also high forces be spent.

It exist both in punch riveting with full rivet and in the case of the toxic rivet clincher continue the disadvantages that both far-reaching coaxial demands met between stamp and die Need to become, as well as the need to sort the auxiliary joining parts in terms of Top and bottom exists, and thus realized a complex Hilffügeteilzuführung must become.

Furthermore, from the DE 199 13 757 B4 a method for producing a rivet joint is known, in which a rivet acted upon by a ram is pressed flat against each other lying sheets, and urges the sheet material into a mold cavity of a die, the die in the course of rivet setting a sheet material to a rivet shell surface and this transverse force is generated via a fluid which can be introduced into the die and can be put under high pressure. The punch is hereby moved only axially, in order to mold the rivet into the sheets, wherein subsequently the transverse force is exerted on the die to form the undercut in the sheets.

It is the object of the present invention, a method and a Device of the type mentioned above to improve such that above all when joining to be applied forces can be lowered.

These The object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1.

Farther This object is achieved according to the device aspect solved by a Device with the features of claim 9.

At the The present method avoids waste from the stamping process.

Further complicated counter tools are avoided, which lead to Blechverklemmungen and associated stencil wear and tear can occur. Thereby Both initial costs and operating costs are significantly reduced.

Farther the need for sorting the auxiliary joining parts before feeding to the Processing machine due to the present invention presented embodiment the auxiliary joining parts, especially tumble rivets, avoided.

preferred Further developments of the subject invention are set forth in the dependent claims.

following The invention is based on embodiments in conjunction with the corresponding ones Drawings closer described and explained. In the drawings shows:

1 Device and plate-shaped components prior to the preparation of the compound,

2 Device and plate-shaped components in an intermediate stage during the preparation of the compound,

3 Device and plate-shaped components after the preparation of the compound,

3a Device and plate-shaped components after the preparation of the compound in a special embodiment of the downholder of the upper tool,

4 Device and plate-shaped components after the preparation of the compound in a special embodiment of the lower tool, and

5 a possible embodiment of the auxiliary joining part.

Regarding 1 an embodiment will be explained. In 1 a section of the joining device is shown. This joining device has an upper tool consisting of a stamp 6 and a hold-down 5 and a lower tool 4 as a counter tool to the upper tool. Both tools are only partial, ie not fully represented.

For joining (connecting) the two components 2 . 3 is in 1 an auxiliary joining part 1 , in particular a Taumelvollniet shown. One possible embodiment of this solid rivet is in 5 presented. The Taumelvollniet shown is characterized by the fact that according to the invention not only simple rotational symmetry with respect to the longitudinal axis 16 is present, but also a mirror symmetry at the middle orthogonal plane to the longitudinal axis 16 , which eliminates the need for pre-sorting rivets.

The undercut on the generatrix of the rivet 14 Due to the concave large radius allows safe embedding of the rivet in the connection.

The transitions 15 the front ends 13 to the generatrix of the rivet 14 are described by at least two chamfers. In a further embodiment of the rivet, this transition 15 described by a drag curve.

This drag curve, also called trac-trix, starts with the known tangential transition at the generatrix of the rivet 14 with the value X; please refer 5 , It then runs asymptotically at the rivet end face to the center. The curve parameters depend on the application. The value X can correspond to 1 mm in an application example.

In Both embodiments, the plastic flow of the displaced Material of the plate-shaped Components supported.

The auxiliary joining part 1 essentially retains its shape during the joining process according to the invention.

In 1 is the initial position shown, in which the auxiliary joining part 1 in the drawing above two superimposed plate-shaped components, in particular sheets 2 . 3 is positioned, which in turn on the invention preferably flat counter tool 4 issue.

These plate-shaped components 2 . 3 be through a hold down 5 clamped. This hold down 5 has an opening angle at the top 5a on. In this opening is a joining stamp 6 arranged.

This stamp 6 is about the intersection of rivet longitudinal axis 16 and longitudinal axis of the punch 6 rotation-free in the opening 5a pivotable about the tumbling motion of the punch according to the invention 6 to enable.

In the method, the axial feed movement for joining the solid rivet is a tumbling motion of the punch 6 superimposed.

These Tumbling itself can according to the invention either during the whole joining process or exclusively while part of the joining process superimposed on the axial feed movement be.

While the stamp 6 performs this wobbling motion, the process force is superimposed on a variable, dependent on the wobble additional force.

During the hike the between the front side of the stamp 6b and end face of the auxiliary joining part 13 formed contact surface from the center of the rivet to the outside, this additional force is added to the process force and during the migration of this surface from outside to inside, the process force is reduced by this.

Due to the tumbling motion, the material of the plate-shaped components 2 . 3 partially reshaped, so that as described, the process forces drop significantly.

In addition will by this variable additional force of the desired material flow radially from the inside to the outside supported.

According to the invention is preferably on the counter tool 4 one depending on the tumble layer of the stamp 6 controllable device for applying the process provided with this variable additional force.

In a further embodiment is the device for pressurizing the process with this variable additional force attached to the side of the upper tool.

at all mentioned embodiments are suitable mechanical, electromagnetic or piezoelectric devices, the re the generation of cyclic additional force can be controlled exactly.

The counter tool 4 is preferably flat on the contact surface of the plate-shaped components.

In a further embodiment, a solid die is used as a counter tool. Such an embodiment is in 4 shown. 4 shows the case of a counter tool 4 with recess and Aushebeschräge 11 which is in the range of 0 ° to 5 °.

Also in a further embodiment a movable die is used as a counter tool.

Through the recess of the die, the bulge resulting from the material flow can 8th defined shaped and aesthetically upgraded. Likewise, further features of the joint, such as special fittings, can be formed.

There is also the possibility, to influence the material flow through the geometry of the recess and thus specifically to optimize the strength of the joining point.

When using a flat counter tool 4 depends on the size of the downholder 5 applied force to the formation of a curvature with the lower Wölbmaß 8th in the lower plate. Should the material accumulation on the stamp side of the sheets 2 done, is the hold-down 5 with a recess 12 provided and applied with a higher force.

As in 3a shown, then it comes to the formation of a curvature in the upper area with the upper Wölbmaß 8a , If the hold-down forces are sufficiently high, a vaulting can be permitted 8a in the upper plate the curvature in the lower plate 8th be completely suppressed.

2 shows an intermediate state of the joining process, in which the rivet 1 already a little way into the sheets 2 . 3 has penetrated. The rivet 1 is due to the described axial feed movement of the punch 6 , Which also described a tumbling motion with the constant or variable wobble angle 6a superimposed, pressed into the sheets. It finds a displacement of the material through the rivet 1 instead of. An undercut 7 but has not yet been formed.

In 3 the final state of the joining process is shown. The material in the sheets 2 . 3 gets through the rivet 1 so displaced that an undercut 7 between the upper and lower plate 2 . 3 out forms. Through this undercut creates a positive connection between the plate-shaped components 2 . 3 ,

The auxiliary joining part 1 essentially retains its shape during this joining process.

by virtue of of the process described, it can be used depending on the Materials and the applied process forces and temperatures in addition to Forming the described form-fitting also to a cohesive connection come.

The auxiliary joining part penetrates the plate arranged at the top in the drawing 2 Not. There remains a residual layer between the auxiliary joining part 1 and the plate arranged below in the drawing 3 , The auxiliary joining part 1 is therefore at least in the connection area even after completion of the joining process exclusively with one of the two plate-shaped components 2 in contact.

The undercut formed by this joining process 7 influences together with the residual soil thickness 9 and the neck thickness 10 the strength of the joining point. Through the interaction of the process parameters described, in particular joining force, type and duration of the tumbling motion and the geometries of plate-shaped components 2 . 3 , Tumbling rivet 6 and counter tool 4 , these sizes can be specifically influenced.

In the preceding remarks is a method of joining at least partially overlapping ones disc-shaped Components, in particular sheets, in a mechanical joining process without pre-hole with the help of an auxiliary joining part, presented. The auxiliary joining part is by an upper and lower tool in an axial feed movement, which a wobbling motion of the upper tool is superimposed, so in the formed connecting parts that in the connection area of this disc-shaped Components formed under plastic deformation form and / or cohesive Connection is formed. The connection area of the form and / or cohesive Connection has at least one undercut of the material this plate-shaped On components.

The Auxiliary joining part is at least in the connection area after completion of the joining process exclusively with one of the two plate-shaped ones Components in contact.

The Auxiliary joining part reserves while of the joining process essentially its shape. The tumbling motion of the described Stamp in the upper tool is either during the entire joining process or exclusively while part of the joining process superimposed on the feed movement.

A variable, dependent on the tumbling motion of the punch in the upper tool additional force is superimposed on the process force, this variable additional force increases as the tumble angle increases can accept and with decreasing angle to a smaller value can be reduced.

These Additional power can either over the upper tool or by the lower tool are applied.

The From the hold-down, the components to be connected during the joining process fixed, applied hold-down force is freely selectable, thereby an influence on the material flow in the direction of the upper or Lower tool allows becomes.

In the preceding versions is a Device presented, which serves in particular for carrying out the above-presented method according to claim 1 and the corresponding dependent claims, consisting of an upper tool, a lower tool and a Hilfsfügeteil. This device is characterized by a stamp performing a wobble and axial feed movement as part of the upper tool in engagement with a substantially non-deformable auxiliary joining part and arranged on the opposite side of the sheets to be joined lower tool.

The face The stamp has a larger diameter as the diameter of the corresponding front surface of the Auxiliary joining part.

Of the Hold-down, as part of the upper tool, can be a recess on the plate-shaped Components facing end face having, for receiving process-related displaced material is provided.

The Auxiliary joining part is preferably designed as a solid rivet.

This Full rivet is made of hardened Steel formed in the middle part on the lateral surface concave and has at least on one of the end faces a transition from the end faces to Sheath in the form of a trailing curve or at least two chamfers. The rivet is re a central orthogonal plane symmetrical to the longitudinal axis is and thus has a further, second symmetry in addition to the rotational symmetry on.

The Counter-tool for generating the necessary counterforce is either essentially rigidly connected to a tool frame or movable stored.

The Counter-tool for generating the necessary counterforce is either essentially flat, or has a depression with a Aushebeschräge, which in shape either a conventional solid template corresponds or is designed as a split and movably mounted die.

The Variable additional force depending on the tumbling motion from the tumble layer is by a mechanical, electromagnetic or formed piezoelectrically driven device.

1

Auxiliary joining part

2

stamp-page sheet

3

Counter-tool-sided sheet

4

counter-tool

5

Stripper plate

5a

Hold-down slope

6

stamp

6a

Stamp swivel angle

6b

front of the stamp

7

undercut

8th

lower Wölbmaß

8a

upper Wölbmaß

9

Bottom thickness

10

neck thickness

11

Aushebeschräge the die

12

recess the hold-down

13

front of the rivet

14

surface line of the rivet

15

crossing from the front to the generatrix of the rivet

16

longitudinal axis of the rivet

Claims (23)

Method for connecting at least partially overlapping components ( 2 . 3 ), in particular sheet metal, in a mechanical joining process without pre-hole with the aid of an auxiliary joining part ( 1 ), wherein the auxiliary joining part ( 1 ) by a top and bottom tool ( 4 . 5 . 6 ) with an axial feed movement, which causes a tumbling movement of the upper tool ( 6 ) is superimposed, so in the components to be connected ( 2 . 3 ) is formed in that in the connecting region of these components ( 2 . 3 ) a formed under plastic deformation positive and / or cohesive connection is formed, characterized in that the auxiliary joining part ( 1 ) at least in the connection area even after completion of the joining process exclusively with one of the two components ( 2 . 3 ) is in contact, and during the joining process substantially maintains its shape. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the connecting region of the positive and / or material-locking connection has at least one undercut ( 7 ) of material of these components ( 2 . 3 ) having. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the wobbling movement of a punch in the upper tool ( 6 ) is superimposed during the entire joining process of the feed movement. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the tumbling movement of the punch in the upper tool ( 6 ) only during a part of the joining process of the feed rate is superimposed. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a process force is a variable of the wobbling movement of the punch in the upper tool ( 6 ) dependent additional force is superimposed, wherein the variable additional force with increasing wobble angle ( 6a ) can assume a larger value and with decreasing wobble angle ( 6a ) can be reduced to a smaller value. Method according to Claim 5, characterized in that the variable force dependent on the tumbling motion is transmitted via the upper tool ( 5 . 6 ) is applied. Method according to Claim 5, characterized in that the variable force dependent on the tumbling motion is transmitted via the lower tool ( 4 ) is applied. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a hold-down force of a hold-down device ( 5 ), which connects the components to be connected ( 2 . 3 ) is fixed during the joining process, is freely selectable, whereby an influence of the material flow in the direction of the upper or lower tool ( 6 . 4 ). Device in particular for carrying out the method according to claim 1 with an upper tool ( 5 . 6 ), a lower tool ( 4 ) and an auxiliary joining part ( 1 ), characterized by a stamp performing a wobble and axial feed movement ( 6 ) as a component of the upper tool in engagement with a substantially non-deformable auxiliary joining part ( 1 ) and on the opposite side of the components to be connected ( 2 . 3 ) arranged lower tool ( 4 ). Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the end face of the punch ( 6b ) has a larger diameter than the diameter of the corresponding end face of the auxiliary joining part ( 1 ) having. Apparatus according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the hold-down device ( 5 ), as a component of the upper tool a recess ( 12 ) on the components ( 2 . 3 ) facing the end face, which is provided for receiving process-related displaced material. Device according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the auxiliary joining part ( 1 ) is executed as a solid rivet. Apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the auxiliary joining part ( 1 ) is formed of hardened steel. Apparatus according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the solid rivet in the middle part ( 14 ) is concave. Device according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the solid rivet on at least one of the end faces ( 13 ) a transition to the mantle ( 15 ), which can be described by a drag curve. Device according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the solid rivet on at least one of the end faces ( 13 ) a transition to the mantle ( 15 ), which can be described by at least two chamfers. Device according to one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that the solid rivet with respect to a central orthogonal plane to the longitudinal axis ( 16 ) is symmetrical and thus has a further, second symmetry in addition to the rotational symmetry. Device according to one of claims 9 to 17, characterized in that the lower tool ( 4 ) is connected to generate the necessary counterforce substantially rigidly connected to a tool frame. Device according to one of claims 9 to 17, characterized in that the lower tool ( 4 ) is movably mounted to generate the necessary counterforce. Device according to one of claims 9 to 19, characterized in that the lower tool ( 4 ) to generate the necessary counterforce is substantially flat. Device according to one of claims 9 to 19, characterized in that the lower tool ( 4 ) has a recess with a Aushebeschräge. Device according to one of claims 9 to 21, characterized in that the lower tool ( 4 ) is designed as a split and movably mounted die. Device according to one of Claims 9 to 22, characterized that the Variable additional force depending on the tumbling motion from the tumble layer by a mechanical, electromagnetic or piezoelectrically driven device is formed.