DE10029459A1 - Position and/or movement detection device uses evaluation of signals provided by several transmitters detecting electromagnetic or sonar waves provided by transmitter attached to object - Google Patents

Abstract

The device uses a position detection system with at least one transmitter attached to a monitored object (O) and a number of cooperating receivers (E1,...E4), for detection of electromagnetic or sonar waves provided by the transmitter, coupled to an evaluation unit (A) providing position or movement data, received by a processor (R1).

Description

Field of the Invention

The invention relates to a device for detecting the position and / or movement an object and / or living being according to the preamble of claim 1 and Parts of this device according to claims 29 to 33.

State of the art

So far, video surveillance or image transmissions have been carried out from static states the and / or movement processes, be it in the logistics area or also in the over wearing games such as B. playing football or athletics events in the Form instead that several cameras record the game and the so ge won pictures in the form of known image and sound transmissions to corresponding Televisions are transmitted. Furthermore, transfers can also be made via data Networks are made on computers and computer screens. It is z. B. in digital Television known different game situations by different cameras are available to the user at the push of a button, if necessary put.

It is becoming increasingly common that e.g. B. controversial decision at a football game referees' discussions, sports court hearings and even result in replay. This was mostly through video records triggered by the retrospective wrong decision of the arbitration judges are recognized. The evaluation of video recordings is very complex, and often result from the two-dimensionality of the imaging systems fake values. Nevertheless, magazines like the "Kicker", issue of 25.02.2000, page 17 or newspapers like "Badische Newest News", edition from 23.02.2000 that the goal camera should be introduced and the only techni aids that are approved to support the referee that should.  

Position detection systems for determining the position of objects are all commonly known as part of the Global Positioning System (GPS). Here will the position of any GPS receiver by determining its Position calculated in relation to satellites. However, this is not enough to get in a given, delimited space objects and / or people clearly to be able to identify.

Summary of the invention

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a device that ge Precise enough the position also detects multiple objects and / or living things around them Evaluate information in a suitable form. This will also be done accordingly fit parts of the facility provided.

This object is achieved by a device with the features of claim 1 and solved by parts of this device with the features of claims 28 to 33. Regardless of whether the position detection is active or passive according to the requirements 10 to 12, the data obtained from the position detection system evaluated and from this information for further use is calculated. It can e.g. B. in particular a check is carried out according to certain movement sequences, which is particularly important when monitoring game sequences or race sequences ge about the z. B. regular movement of objects and / or living things light. You can recognize movement patterns from the movement sequences. In addition can the speed from the course of movement by differentiation according to time speed and acceleration are calculated.

In order to actively enable position detection, a sensor system can be used according to 2 to 4 stem are provided, the different objects and / or different Le beesen assigns transmission means that a position detection of the objects and / or Enable living things. Since the data sent to determine the position in re regular intervals are transmitted, it can also be used for movement  win data, which then as data and information about the various Ob objects and / or living beings can be transferred. This data and informatio NEN are according to claims 25 to 30 means of representation directly or over a data network made available to z. B. Medial movement sequences prepare.

The position is recorded similar to the GPS system with the significant sub decided that in the GPS system the signals of several transmitters (satellites) from one Receiver are evaluated and in the position detection described here the signals of a transmitter z. B. in football as a game device of several stationary Be evaluated by recipients. Alternatively, you can also use the GPS system a receiver can be present in the game device, which stores the data of several stationary sen which receives and via a transmitter for position detection to another emp catcher passes on. This allows the position of the football to be determined so precisely that the impartial z. B. A referee a safe assessment the game situation is made possible. The system should and cannot the referee replace!

In an embodiment according to claim 6, in addition to the position and movement additional data about the object (condition data of a racing car, condition of a container, swirl of a ball) or the living being (medical data, Er state of creation) are transmitted and z. B. a supervisor or trainer further use can be reported.

Depending on the intended use, appropriate means of transmission become the living being assigned according to claims 7 to 9, wherein z. B. when checking the Movement sequences, movement patterns or static states of athletes also several transmission means arranged over the body or the object can be net. An arrangement according to claims 8 and 9 allows z. B. in the foot ball the determination of the direction in which the player is moving, whether he is in an ab sideways position and wherever he looks, what a media and / or virtual image movement is an advantage.  

The position can also be recorded passively according to claims 10 to 12, by cameras recording the sequence of movements and the determined image on changes changes are scanned. If a living being and / or Once the object has been identified, the computer can subsequently move it comprehend. But you can also use objects and / or living things characterize these z. B. distinguishable for thermal imaging cameras. In addition Depending on the condition, the heat radiated by the living organisms is also an indication of their overall condition.

The object is preferably an electronically detectable game device such as B. a football z. B. spherical electromagnetic waves such. B. Emits radio waves. The radio waves are generated with the help of several receivers registered. The transmitter in football sends out a signal at a constant frequency, that is modulated with a digital identifier. This signal is from the receivers evaluated, not only the digital identifier is detected, but it is, for. B. also measured the phase position of the carrier wave. At a sufficiently high frequency Carrier wave can over the multiple, measured from different points Pha The position of the transmitter and thus of the gaming device is determined very precisely the. With appropriate equipment of all players of a game according to the requirements 14 and 15 can thus capture an entire game with regard to its movement sequences become.

The transmitter or receiver is preferably in the center of the object or game räts supported according to claims 18 to 21 by elastic means, so that the game device can still deform freely. However, an arrangement is also on elsewhere such as B. possible on the surface. Such elastic means can e.g. B. spring mechanisms that are connected to the transmitter or receiver z. B. by a valve opening can be transferred into the interior of the game device or already at Manufacturing process of the game device foamed in the ball or without elastic Means are fixed what z. B. is conceivable for a golf ball. The golf ball can be then easily found by its transmitter if lost.  

The transmission means can be designed according to the claims chen 22 to 24 in the object with electricity z. B. are supplied by an accumulator can be charged by means of a charging device according to claim 31 and there also with a Control device according to claim 32 can be turned on and off.

The data obtained about the position and / or direction of movement of the gaming device can be represented on display means according to claims 25 to 30 on the one hand for the audience and on the other hand for the referee, coach or players (e.g. in golf to find the ball). This is a surveillance depending on the game, inside or outside the field appropriate accuracy and differentiated visualization for referees and publishers cumulative possible within a limited space.

Further advantages result from the subclaims.

Brief description of the figures

The invention is illustrated below with reference to one in the attached figures th embodiment explained.

Show it:

Fig. 1 shows a section through a game device with transmitter,

Fig. 2 is a charging device for charging the power supply for the Sen,

Fig. 3 a monitored with receivers pitch,

Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of the transmitting device,

Fig. 5 shows the schematic structure of a receiver,

Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of the sensor system,

Fig. 7, 8 alternative transmission options for the data to the recipients.

Description of preferred embodiments

FIG. 6 shows a device for detecting the position and / or movement of an object and / or living being, the static states and / or movement sequences being the most varied types of static states and / or movement sequences. Such static states and / or motion sequences can, for. B. the detection of containers in a container station or of wagons in a freight yard as well as the detection of players and play equipment in an arbitrary game, regardless of whether it is a single or team sport. So z. B. in football, football or rugby, in tennis or golf the balls are recorded, but also in the case of shot put, discus throwing or javelin throwing the appropriate sports equipment. However, the movement sequence of a person as a living being can also be recorded, such as. B. the shot putter or a long jumper or high jumper to record the movement. It is also conceivable to use it in all kinds of races, be it horse races, dog races or a marathon or a Formula I race. Depending on the application, only appropriate transmission means in the form of transmitter 10 , 11 and receiver E1. , .E4, 12 according to the objects O (container, play equipment, racing car, etc.) or the living creatures S1, S2 (horse, dog, human, etc.) can be assigned in order to record their position and also movement.

For the sake of simplicity, only movement sequences are spoken of in the following However, a transfer to static states is also possible.

A position detection system is provided for detecting the position and / or movement seen that either actively via a sensor system or passively location and / or loading movement of objects and / or living beings recorded. With active acquisition, there is little at least one object O means of transmission for electromagnetic waves or - in Underwater area - assigned for sonar waves. Likewise, the living being S1, S2 another means of transmission for electromagnetic waves or Be associated with sonar waves. The signals of these transmission means are sent to we at least one receiver E1. . .E4 for the detection of at least the position of the objects and / or living beings.  

The position detection is similar to the GPS system, but limited to a spatially limited area that is ultimately determined depending on the transmission and reception performance of the transmitter and receiver. Preferably, at least one object O and / or the at least one living being S1, S2 is assigned a transmitter 10 which, according to FIGS. 6, 7, signals to a plurality of at least temporarily stationary receivers E1. , .E4 sends. According to FIG. 8, however, a receiver 12 can be assigned to the object O and / or the living being S1, S2, which receives the signals from a plurality of transmitters 17 arranged in and around the spatially limited area, at least during the data transmission, and the received transmission data sends its own transmitter 12 to another receiver 13 for position detection. Advantageously, at least three receivers E1. , .E4 or transmitter 17 are present in order to be able to calculate the position of object O or living being S1, S2 on the surface on the basis of the determined distance data. With the help of a sufficiently large number of receivers E1, E2, E3, E4 or transmitters 17, the distances of the transmitters from each receiver are recorded cyclically in a delimited space. The solution is preferably used on the basis of the data to be ascertained, in which the data of the transmitter on the object O and / or on the living being S1, S2, the data on the receiver E1. , Send .E4.

The recorded distances are reported to a computer R1. This evaluates the signals with an evaluation unit A for determining the position and / or movement data of the object O and / or living beings S1, S2 on the basis of the signals transmitted by the sensor system and calculates the absolute positions in space. Since the positions are determined cyclically, the computer can not only determine the positions of the receivers, but also their direction of movement, speed and acceleration. The transmission means assigned to the object O or the living beings S1, S2, preferably thus the transmitter 10 , initially transmits a characteristic data record so that different transmitters can be distinguished from one another, and a signal which is transmitted by the receivers E1. , .E4 is received. Based on the received data, the computer R1 can then calculate the position of the transmitter 10 . But it can also transmit other data. So it is z. B. possible to measure and transmit the air pressure and swirl in a ball with which the ball z. B. is recorded. In the case of living beings S1, S2, medical data, for example, B. transmitted by the additional transmitter 18 .

In the following, an example with a transmitter 10 is explained as an exemplary embodiment, since with a receiver 12 on the object, for. 8 in the game device according to FIG. 8, the principle only has to be turned over and the data received in the game device must then be transmitted to the outside again, which takes place there via the transmitter 11 .

The position detection of an object O, such as. B. a ball, or a Rennwa gene, is similar to the GPS system, the signals of the object O and / or living things S1, S2 assigned transmitter 10 from a plurality of receivers E1. , .E4 can be evaluated. Can be determined z. B. the phase position, the time or the field strength of the received signals. The corresponding alternatives are known to the person skilled in the art. So z. B. the time of the incoming signals relative to egg ner all known time receivers a good way to calculate the distance. The further explanation takes place here using the example of a detection of the phase position of the received signals.

So that the phase positions of the received signals can be determined and compared, the phase detectors of the receivers E1. , .E4 are synchronized with one another via a ring line SL according to FIG. 6. It does not have to be a hardware line; it is only necessary to synchronize the receivers in a suitable manner. The accuracy of the position measurement can be increased by increasing the number of receivers E1. , .E4 can be improved. For example, the receivers should preferably be arranged at relevant points, although it is not necessary for them to be arranged outside, as in FIG. 6, for example, around the game field F shown there, which represents the spatially delimited area there. It is also possible to arrange the receivers centrally within a spatially limited area, the limits of accuracy here being known to the person skilled in the art. The closer the receivers are to each other, the more difficult it is to detect objects O and / or living beings S1, S2, especially if the distance of the object or living being from the receivers increases.

In the case of the playing field F in FIG . B. In a football game, arrange receivers especially near the goal. In order to be able to measure the position of the object with sufficient accuracy in three-dimensional space, at least four receivers should preferably be used. In the example of FIG. 3, a receiver E1, E2 is arranged behind the gate 126 on the floor and one receiver E3, E4 on each side of the center line 127 on the floor. The arrangement on the floor is not absolutely necessary.

The transmitter 10 assigned to objects O and / or living beings, here two players S1, S2, sends a start signal at a certain point in time, for example by B. the Trä gerwelle a peak is modulated. The distance is measured by counting the zero crossings in the same direction of the carrier wave and adding the phase shift. With a carrier frequency of 300 MHz, the wavelength is 1 m. If the phase shift in the range from 0 to 360 ° is measured with an accuracy of ± 2%, the result is a position resolution of approximately ± 2 cm. The accuracy can be increased by increasing the carrier frequency. A distance of e.g. B. 40 m corresponds to a total phase shift of 14400 °. Since the positions of the receivers E1. , .E4 are known, the position of the transmitter can be calculated from the phase shift differences using a relatively simple system of equations with four independent equations. The result provides two solutions, the solution in which the transmitter 12 is located below the surface of the earth can be neglected. Since the system of equations is overdetermined, the additional information can be used to improve the resolution. This is also the reason why the resolution can be increased by increasing the number of receivers. In the alternative embodiment of a receiver 12 on object O and / or on living beings S1, S2, e.g. B. the start pulse modulated all Sen's.

The data determined in this way are fed to the evaluation unit A and the computer R1, which solves the systems of equations and detects the absolute position of the objects O and the living beings S1, S2. A vector for the direction of movement of the transmitter 10 can be determined by the cyclical measurement. As a result, the position and / or the direction of movement of the transmitter 10 is thus available.

Alternatively, the position detection system can passively pass the objects and / or living beings capture. So z. B. several imaging cameras the motion sequence of objects and / or living beings, and a computer R1 scans the determined Images to capture the position of the objects and / or living beings. To do this, a Grid placed on the picture and, after preferably at the beginning of the recording the Objects and / or living beings have been marked accordingly for the computer, the movements can be followed. But you can also see the objects and / or mark living beings with means that z. B. for thermal cameras make distinguishable. In addition, depending on the condition of the living being radiated warmth also an indication of their overall condition.

In both cases (active or passive) means to check the situation and / or Motion data on motion sequences like certain motion patterns hen. These movements can also be differentiated according to the time speed and acceleration of objects and / or living things determine. This check, which can take place in the computer R1, enables above all when monitoring game processes or racing processes, a statement about the e.g. B. regular movement of objects and / or living beings. But also in the lodge Stikbereich can be checked based on the information available, whether z. B. the container that has been in storage for a long time has been properly resumed in good time is leading.

In the following exemplary embodiment, the game device 110 is a soccer ball and the playing field 111 is a soccer field. The game device 110 has, for. B. at a football as shown in FIG. 1 an outer skin, which is a recordable surface 110 a and the football NEN hollow interior 110 surrounds ei b. The interior can be pressurized via a valve opening 110 c. In the interior 110 b, a transmitter 22 with egg nem transmitter for electromagnetic waves, preferably for radio waves, is used, the signals to a plurality of receivers E1. , .E4 can be sent. Alternatively, however, as explained in FIG. 8, a receiver can also be provided in the gaming device 110 .

There are various options for attaching the transmitter 112 in the game device 110 . Since the gaming device is usually deformed during the game, the transmitter should be supported by elastic means, which nevertheless position it as possible in the center of the gaming device. The center of the game device is e.g. B. in football for the po sitioning of the transmitter important because a line crossing is only then when the ball has completely exceeded the line. However, since the diameter of the ball is known, the position of the circumference of the ball can also be calculated when determining the position of the center. Depending on the respective rules of the game, however, the position of the transmitter can also be determined at other points on a gaming device or on the circumference or outside of a gaming device or object such as a racing car or container.

As elastic means such. B., as shown in Fig. 1, spring mechanism into consideration, which are either themselves elastic or support the transmitter 122 with transmitter 112 in the game device 110 via elastic means 113 . The spring spring mechanism can z. B. be designed so that it can be used later with the transmitter 112 in the game device via the valve opening. Likewise, the transmitting device can also be installed during the manufacture of the gaming device. As a further elastic attachment comes, for. B. foaming the transmitter into egg nem elastic foam into consideration. Depending on the modulus of elasticity of the game device, it is also conceivable to position the transmitter firmly or even pour it in, which, for. B. would be conceivable for a golf ball.

The measurements of the individual receivers E1. , .E4 or the receiver in Spielge advises are transmitted to a computer R1. This solves the systems of equations and determines the absolute position of the gaming device 110 above the playing field 111 . By comparing with the previous measurements, the resolution can be further optimized. In addition, vector V1 ( FIG. 1) is also determined for the direction of movement of the transmitter. As a result, the position and / or the direction of movement of the ball on a virtual playing field can be shown on a display means TV, R2, PC, 20 ( FIG. 6). This ad can e.g. B. be made accessible to the public by displaying the information on large screens. As soon as the ball crosses a line, the respective playing surface can be highlighted accordingly. Moves z. B. the ball in football in a 16-meter room, z. B. the field area of the 16-meter room are shown in red. If the ball moves over the field boundary, the location of the throw-in is shown accordingly. This can be increased to such an extent that when the player throws the ball in, it is automatically checked whether the throw-in takes place in the right place.

Last but not least, it can be determined without a doubt whether the ball has crossed the goal line, the altitude doesn't matter. Furthermore, the results of Posi tion calculations can also be used for game statistics. For example, can be calculated how long the ball was in the opponent's 16-meter space or over which wings had the most attacks, etc.

Since the display in the stadium is unsuitable for the referee or referee, the referee must be informed so that he can still concentrate fully on the game. This can e.g. B. done acoustically. Here, the referee carries as an output device a display device as a display means 20 or a miniature receiver that is radioed by the computer R1 via a transmitter 19 . This gives z. B. from two different tones. A tone indicates that the ball has crossed the goal line. The other tone signals that the field boundary has been exceeded, which can be broken down according to whether the field crossing is a corner kick or a throw-in (this is sometimes not certain to be decided if, for example, the ball in the direction of the corner flag exceeds the field boundary at high altitude). Instead of the acoustic information, the display device can also have other information transmission means such. B. a small screen or a vibrating alarm.

Depending on the game, it may also be essential that only the referee has the Game-relevant information is informed so that the calculator R1 makes a rating what information he gives the audience and what he gives the referee makes accessible. In this case, the display device can e.g. B. have means that it allow the referee z. B. due to an advantage rule, the corresponding Suppress information.  

The structure of the transmitter 122 with transmitter 112 in soccer is shown in FIG. 4. The transmitter 122 - which would also include the receiver in the alternative embodiment - is housed on a small circuit board, which with z. B. four fingers according to FIG. 1 is centered in the center of the ball. The power supply 115 can take place via a lithium ion accumulator. This accumulator is charged contactlessly via a special charging device 120 . For this purpose, a coil 116 is accommodated in the game device 110 . For loading, the ball is placed in the receptacle 120 a of the loading device 120 . Using alternating field generating means 124, this generates a high-frequency alternating magnetic field and inductively transmits the charging energy into the ball. The computer 121 in the ball then controls the charging of the accumulator.

The coil 116 in the ball can additionally be used to switch the transmitter 112 in the ball on or off. For this purpose, a small hand-control device before Benut wetting the ball or turned on a the transmitter 112 via the charging device before removing the ball from the receptacle 120th Like the charging device, this hand control unit emits an alternating magnetic field. The frequency of this change of the computer 121 in the game device 110 indicates whether the transmitter should be switched on or off.

If the transmitter 112 is switched on, the oscillator 129 is activated via the computer 121 . The oscillator 129 is quartz-stabilized. The transmitter can also be a ceramic transmitter. In principle, the transmitter and its components must be selected so that it can withstand the loads that occur during the game. A digital code is generated by the computer and is modulated onto the oscillator signal with the aid of the modulator 130 . This signal is then amplified and emitted via an omnidirectional antenna 123 . In order to save energy, only vibration packets with a duration of approx. 100 µs are emitted, which are interrupted by pauses of 10 ms. This enables 100 position measurements per second.

The structure of the receiver outside of the gaming device is shown in FIG. 5. The signal received with antenna 131 is first amplified in the correct phase by means of amplifier 132 and then fed to a Schmitt trigger 133 and a phase comparator 134 . The Schmitt trigger 133 determines the number of positive signal crossings of the carrier signal. The phase comparator 134 determines the phase shift to a reference signal. This reference signal is determined in one of the receivers from the received signal by synchronizing a reference oscillator with the received signal. The signal from the reference oscillator is then transmitted to all other receivers via cable 136 or wirelessly. The phase shifts that result in the cable 36 are taken into account by the computer R1. The determined phase position and the result of the Schmitt trigger 133 are recorded by a small computer 135 in the receiver and reported to the computer R1.

The integration of the computer R1 in the position detection system is shown in FIG. 6. The computer R1 receives E1 from each receiver. , .E4 the current phase position of the received signal. When the system is started up, the positions of the receivers are communicated to the computer R1. In addition, e.g. B. the ball or a calibration transmission element swept to the center of the field and detected by the calculator R1. Since this ball position is known, the phase shifts in the synchronous line SL can be corrected by the computer R1. The accuracy of the position calculation can be considerably improved by additionally recording known ball positions.

The phase measurement data are analyzed using a system of equations. Then the determined position using the known position phase relationships corrected. The result is the absolute ball position, projected onto the field F. Now the position and the direction of movement are determined and visualized. Here will the room, e.g. B. a field F is shown on the monitor on which the position of the ball can be seen. Here, for. B. Line crossings are precisely recorded and be displayed. The data relevant to the referee can be sent by radio to the display device at the referee. This receiver signali siert z. B. over tones the referee a line crossing.

The determined position of the gaming device 110 can also be converted into movement data for tracking cameras. These data can then be used to control moving means for tracking the cameras with regard to the gaming device 110 .

Representation means 20 , charging device 120 , the control device for switching the transmitter 12 on or off, the transmission device 122 for installation in the game device and the means for camera control are parts of a device which can be sold in whole or in part.

As an alternative to the two possibilities for position detection described so far, there is also the possibility of providing the game device with a reflection element for the electromagnetic waves. For this purpose, e.g. B. a membrane in the inner space 110 b of the game device or in its outer skin. In this case, the game device 110 has neither transmitter nor receiver in the interior. Instead, transmitters - at least one is required - emit waves that are reflected by the game, so that the data from receivers - if there are several transmitters, only one is sufficient - can be detected. The position and motion vector of the gaming device can be determined again from the data obtained in this way, so that the data obtained can also be processed as explained above.

A database 14 with an expert knowledge of the relationship between the objects O and / or the living beings S1, S2 is assigned to the computer R1. These relationships can be such. B. Be data that include the priority of processing individual objects. At a container station, the containers can be characterized by how long their service life lasts (first in - first out) and what content the containers have. On a playing field F, the relationships stored in the expert knowledge are e.g. B. the rules of the respective game to create game-relevant information. Such game-relevant information can e.g. B. in football line crossings, goals or the decision on corner kick, throw-in and offside positions. The database knowledge therefore usually also makes a significant contribution to determining the movement sequences to be checked. Game-relevant information is particularly in the training area for various sports but such. B. also the throwing path of a spear or discus, the course of movement of the runner, the jump point in the triple jump and the like. As explained, this information can be transmitted to referees or trainers or supervisory staff.

The determined data and information can also be made available to a further computer R2 which, for. B. carries out an automatic statistical evaluation of the movement sequence or the game sequence. Except for the data already mentioned above in the case of a container or e.g. B. the engine and condition data of a racing car can in a ball game z. B. The following values are recorded statistically for each player:

• - number of ball contacts,
• - covered track,
• - maximum speed,
• - maximum shot power,
• - movement profile,
• - Accuracy of ball deliveries.

In addition, medical data can also be transmitted from an additional transmitter 18, in particular in the training area, be it pulse or blood pressure, oxygen content of the blood or other criteria which, for. B. show the state of exhaustion of the living being. It goes without saying that this can be used not only for players, but also for other living things. While the transmitter is arranged for objects at a suitable location in or on object O, it can be used for players preferably in the clothing area, e.g. . B. in the shoe (see below) or in the gauntlets of the player or even implanted in other living things. In humans, implantation will be avoided, but this cannot be ruled out. On the basis of these additional medical data, evaluation criteria for the individual living beings can also be determined in conjunction with the further data, which can also be used to protect the respective living beings, in particular when it comes to e.g. B. To replace players in good time. In principle, statistics can also be used to determine the value of living things.

The data and information are also represented by means of at least one transmission element 15 , such as e.g. B. a television TV or a computer screen PC supplied. Thus, the media preparation can serve as an additional visualization of the movement or game sequence. A game in particular can be made more attractive with the help of this data. Thus, the game can be displayed prepared by a processor M over several transmission channels K1, K2, K3. The available information, which the computer R1 has calculated, can be displayed together with the data arriving at the evaluation unit A on a display means computer R2, television set TV and computer screen PC at least partially, but if necessary also together with at least part of the data . So it is z. B. conceivable that a first transmission channel sends the game as usual. A second transmission channel shows the game as usual, with the additional display of game-relevant information. So z. B. in football, the offside line is shown, and the ball is colored according to the last contact with the ball, so that the viewer can immediately see offside positions. A third transmission channel shows the game as usual, with the additional display of the name of the player who last played the ball. In addition, statistical data such as the distance covered, the number of ball contacts, etc. z. B. displayed directly or via teletext.

Virtual preparation is also possible. So a fourth transfer generate a top view representation in the case of a game where graphically tracing the movement of the players and the ball. There by z. B. moves very well recognizable. In vehicle races it is e.g. B. then no longer necessary to position cameras at all relevant points because of due to the knowledge of the route and the determined data, the vehicles at all times are recorded. This also provides helpful information for the pit staff. In the Athletics or ski jumping there is often the possibility to directly Determine distances in throwing sports or optimal movements of Sprin like to recognize and analyze. This information can also be obtained immediately to provide. So z. B. always when hitting a throw guesses or jumpers to set a discontinuity in the sequence of movements that immediately can be used for width measurement.  

Another channel can represent the game virtually prepared from the perspective of a virtual camera position. The players themselves are represented in a similar way to a computer game and move in real time just like in the game currently playing. In a football game, not only will the football wear a transmitter 10 , but the players will preferably wear z. B. a transmitter in each shoe. The transmitter is preferably detachably arranged in a recess preferably provided in the heel area of the shoe. Not only can this clearly clarify the offside position, but it can also always be seen in which direction the player is moving, in particular whether he is moving in the chest or back direction. Since the player will usually follow the ball with his gaze, different camera positions can be calculated virtually. So z. B. a camera position is generated that is in the middle of the field. It is also possible to fly over the spatially limited area, or the game can be viewed from the perspective of a certain living being, here a player S1, S2. Depending on the application or sport, other transmitters can also be assigned to the same object and / or living being.

In the case of a television broadcast, the data and information can also be processed in this way be that the game is three-dimensional over a fifth transmission channel becomes adjustable. For example, two virtual cameras are used, their Images are transferred as a red / green image. If the viewer now has a red / green-3- D glasses, creates a three-dimensional image. Of course, others can Information and effects are transmitted on separate television channels.

To further increase media processing, it is also possible to make the determined data and possibly information available via a data network 16 . For this purpose, e.g. B. An Internet server IS may be provided, which provides the data and information to a user of the data network, who then loads this information and data on his PC. The user can then generate the display and - if not transmitted - the game-relevant information himself. In contrast to the transmission on television, the viewer can determine the virtual camera position himself. This can e.g. B. can be realized with a special joy stick. Moving the joystick moves the camera position across the field. It is z. B. possible to dive into the current game happening at any position, to view or analyze it from all directions or to fly after the ball. It is even possible with appropriate aids that the viewer can bring himself into the virtual playing field. The game can also be viewed in 3-dimensional color on the screen. As a further function, it is possible to record the entire game on the hard disk so that the game can be displayed and evaluated again later.

However, all of this information cannot only be used for games and sports no matter what kind - to think B. also on cross-country skiing, ski jumping, water sports or underwater sports - is also used in other areas possible, in which data acquisition in a delimited spatial area is required and can be benefited from media preparation.

Claims (35)

1. Device for detecting the position and / or movement of at least one object (O) and / or at least one living being (S1, S2) with a position detection system, characterized in that the device comprises:

• an evaluation unit (A) for determining the position and / or movement data of the object (O) and / or living being (S1, S2) on the basis of the signals transmitted by the position detection system,
• - A computer (R1) for calculating information based on the position and / or movement data determined by the evaluation unit.

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the position detection system comprises a sensor system with

• - At least one of the object (O) associated transmission means for elec tromagnetic waves or sonar waves, which transmits signals to at least one receiver (E1 ... E4) for detection of at least the position of the object, and / or
• - At least one associated with the living being (S1, S2), further transmission means for electromagnetic waves or sonar waves, which transmits signals to at least one receiver (E1 ... E4) for detection of at least the position of the living being.

3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the transmission means by transmitter ( 10 , 11 ) and receiver (E1 ... E4) is formed, wherein either the object (O) and / or living being (S1, S2 ) assigned transmitter ( 10 ) signals to several receivers (E1... E4) for the detection of the object and / or living being (S1, S2), or a receiver ( 12 ) is assigned to the object and / or living being, who receives the signals of several transmitters ( 17 ) and sends the received transmission data by means of a transmitter ( 11 ) to a further receiver ( 13 ) for the detection of the object and / or living being. 4. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the object (O) and / or living being (S1, S2) is provided with a reflection element for electromagnetic waves, the waves transmitted by at least one transmitter to a plurality of receivers for detection of the game device ( 10 ) reflected. 5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transmitter ( 10 , 11 , 17 ) and receiver (E1 ... E4, 12) are designed such that the sensor system covers a spatially limited area. 6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transmitter ( 10 , 11 ) or an additional transmitter ( 18 ) additional data such. B. transmits medical data of the living being (S1, S2). 7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the transmission element assigned to the human being (S1, S2) ment is arranged on a piece of clothing of the living being (S1, S2). 8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the human Chen living being (S1, S2) associated transmission element in at least one The player's shoe is preferably arranged to be removable. 9. Device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the transfer supply element preferably arranged in the heel area of the shoe Recess can be inserted. 10. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the position detection system passively objects and / or living things sums up. 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the passive positi detection system includes several imaging cameras and that the Computer (R1) the determined images for recording the position of the objects and / or scans living beings. 12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that at least one of the Cameras is a thermal imager.   13. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the object (O) is a game device ( 110 ). 14. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that the game device, in particular a ball or the like, for individual and team games with an interior ( 110 b) surrounded by a recordable surface ( 110 a), in which the transmission means is arranged . 15. Device according to one of claims 13 or 14, characterized in that the Object (O) a game device and that the living creatures (S1, S2) players of a game in are within a spatially limited area, the evaluation unit (A) Game-relevant and / or player-relevant data based on the position data system transferred data and the computer (R1) from this play levante information is calculated. 16. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the computer (R1) is assigned a database ( 14 ) with expert knowledge of the relationships between the objects and / or the living beings. 17. The device according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the database ( 14 ) is an expert knowledge of the rules of the respective game to create game-relevant information. 18. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transmission medium is firmly positioned in the object (O). 19. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transmission means is held in the center of the object (O) by elastic means ( 113 ). 20. Device according to claim 19, characterized in that the elastic means ( 113 ) through a valve opening of the object "game device" ( 110 c) can be inserted. 21. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that the interior ( 110 b) of the object (O) with the elastic means is foamed with storage of the transmission agent. 22. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transmission means is assigned a power supply ( 115 ), for example in the form of an accumulator, which can be charged from the outside in the object (O). 23. Device according to claim 22, characterized in that a coil ( 116 ) is assigned to the transmission means for charging the battery. 24. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a predetermined influencing of a coil ( 116 ) switches the transmission means. 25. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the computer (R1) with a representation means (TV, PC, R2, 20 ) for representing the position and / or direction of movement of the gaming device ( 110 ) is in operative connection. 26. The device according to claim 25, characterized in that the display means (R2, TV, PC) is a television or a computer screen, to which the determined data are fed via at least one transmission element ( 15 ). 27. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transmission elements ( 15 ) are designed as different transmission channels (K1, K2, K3, .... The at least some of the data and information determined in each case the presentation means (R2, TV , PC). 28. Device according to claim 25, characterized in that the display means ( 20 ) is a display device, preferably carried by an impartial person, and that a controller transmits game-relevant information to the display device, the display device having information transmission means for forwarding the information to the impartial person . 29. Representation means for outputting the position determined by a computer (R1) and / or direction of movement of an object (O) and / or living being (S1, S2) according to one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that the representation means (TV, PC) shows the space covered by the position detection system and as soon as the object (O) and / or living being (S1, S2) in a certain Be reaches the area of the room, a controller controls the representation (TV, PC) to visu to emphasize this area. 30. Representation means for outputting the position and / or direction of movement of an object (O) and / or living being (S1, S2) determined by a computer (R1) according to one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that the representation means comprises the representation means ( 20 ) is preferably a display device worn by an impartial person and that the computer (R1) transmits game-relevant information to the display device, the display device having information transmission means for forwarding the information to the referee. 31. Charging device for loading a transmission medium in an object (O) according to one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that it has a receptacle ( 120 a) for the object (O) and alternating field generating means ( 124 ) for generating an alternating magnetic field in the area the recording ( 120 a). 32. Control device for switching a transmission medium in an object (O) according to one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that it has further alternating field generating means for generating an alternating field with at least one frequency, which the computer ( 121 ) in the object ( O) serves as an on or off signal for the transmission medium. 33. Transmitting device ( 122 ) for use in an object (O) according to one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that the transmitting device has a transmission means and a computer ( 121 ) which controls the signals transmitted by the transmission means and modulates them as necessary. 34. Transmitting device according to claim 33, characterized in that the transmitting device ( 122 ) has a coil ( 116 ) for charging a power supply such as. B. an accumulator in the object (O), the charging energy being generated by an external magnetic field acting on the object (O). 35. Transmitting device according to claim 33 or 34, characterized in that the coil ( 116 ) is also the switch for the transmission means by applying alternating fields of different frequency, which can be recognized by the computer ( 121 ) in the object (O).