DE10028085A1 - Teaching method for reading involves displaying text to be read, highlighting a text to be read, having text passage read by student and highlighting next passage - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves displaying text to be read on a display device, optically highlighting a passage of text to be read, having the highlighted text passage read by the student and highlighting an adjacent passage of text to be read next. The adjacent highlighting is determined according to a criterion, which may be measured by one of these methods: a) for reading aloud, or silently, measuring the eye movement and stare direction of the student, measuring the time from the beginning of the highlighting until the eye reaches a fixed point and comparing the first time with a second typical time to see if they lie within a given range; b) for reading aloud, measuring a first time from the beginning of the highlighting until the beginning or the end of the time that the students pronounces the first phoneme of the text and using speech-recognition software to distinguish between correct an incorrect reading and comparing the time with a typical time; c) for reading aloud, measuring the eye movement and stare direction and the time from when the eye reaches a fixation point to when the student pronounces the first phoneme and using speech-recognition software to distinguish between correct an incorrect reading and comparing the time with a typical time; d) for reading aloud, using speech-recognition software to determine whether the text to be read and the point of text to be read fulfill relevant criteria. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a computer program for implementing the method.

Description

The invention relates to a reading learning method with the following steps:

• Displaying a text to be read on a display device,
• - visual highlighting of a text passage to be read by a marking,
• - reading of the marked text passage by the test person,
• - marking an adjacent text passage to be read next,

according to the preamble of claim 1.

When reading a text fluently, a sequence of reading steps is carried out. These consist of several steps. The first sub-step ("saccade interval") is that the view of the first word is addressed. The point ("fixation point"), which is the gaze target, is by at least moved a look jump (saccade) into the fovea of the retina (the location of the sharpest vision). Act If it is a word consisting of only a few letters, the eye is aimed approximately in the middle of the Word. In the second sub-step, the eyes remain aligned for a certain time interval that the fixation site is imaged in the center of the fovea of the retina ("fixation interval"). While In this second step, letters at the fixation point itself as well as left and Letters lying to the right of the fixation point are seen at the same time ("sensory interval"). This can form part of a word, a word or several words and are subsequently referred to as "to be read The third sub-step ("polling interval") immediately follows the sensory interval and possibly overlapping to the fixation interval and includes exactly that Time interval required for the sounds belonging to the letters and words seen (Phonemes) and / or retrieve meanings from memory.

During normal reading of a text, the text can still be fixed during the polling interval, or eye movements to the next fixation site can be performed. Getting Phonemes and / or meanings from memory on the one hand, the fixation of a text passage and the execution of eye movements on the other hand can thus be wholly or partially run simultaneously. This means that the polling interval of a reading step coincides with the saccade interval and / or can overlap the sensory interval of the following reading step in whole or in part. This can happen at the earliest after the end of the sensory interval of the current reading step Start the saccade interval of the following reading step. The view leaves the fixation site of the text to be read and turns to the next text to be read. The eyes lead to do this, take a look (saccade) to the next fixation point. During the saccade, the Visual performance suppressed. That is, at the time of this rapid eye movement, no letters or even words are recognized. The new fixation point does not have to be exactly the middle of the following word  but can be to the left or right of the middle of the word. While the eyes are on the fixation site are directed again, several letters to the left and right of the new fixation point seen at the same time (new sensory interval). Each jump in the eye must be so large that the Letters are seen that have not been seen in the previous fixation phase and that follow the letters seen in the last fixation phase. Was the word or the first Seen part of the word, there is a jump to the next word or part of the Word that has not yet been seen. The eyes then remain on the new fixation site directed until several letters were seen to the left and right of the fixation point of that word and then initiate the next jump, etc.

Reading therefore consists of a sequence of phases: the eyes are moved to a fixation point (Saccade interval), the eyes remain on the fixation site (fixation interval), several Letters are seen simultaneously (sensory interval) leading to the letters and words belonging phonemes and / or meanings are retrieved from the memory (retrieval interval), and when reading aloud, the phonemes are pronounced.

The sequence of fixation intervals and eye jumps is necessary because the human Eye can only see in a small area in its center sufficiently sharp for reading. What coming to lie outside this center can only be perceived with reduced visual acuity become. The outside of the eye can, however, discover something outside of the center located. Then the brain initiates a look jump, through that in the periphery of the visual field discovered stimulus is shifted to the center of the visual field. Only here can he be seen clearly, exactly be analyzed and recognized.

Longer words are so large that they extend beyond the sharp-sighted area of the eye. Therefore multiple jumps must be made to successively move parts of the word into the area sharpest vision. Are the jumps in the eye too long when reading a longer word? dimensioned, parts of the word are skipped and can never be seen clearly.

In addition, the structures of the brain that control eye movements need that Extend the fixation interval until the letters to be read simultaneously during the sensory interval were seen safely. The length of the fixation interval required to see the Letters and words and the time it takes to retrieve phonemes and meanings must therefore be coordinated.

In the well-known reading learning methods, parameters such as the position that is fixed after each look jump the extent of the text passage to be read in one reading step, the amplitude of the jumps in the eye,  the length of the saccade interval, the length of the fixation interval, the length of the sensory interval, the length of the polling interval as well as disturbing influences of the text, which are in the environment of the text passage to be read during this reading step is not or not adequately controlled. In order to the decisive parameters that influence reading performance remain insufficient or not sufficient considered.

There is a well-known reading process, which is practiced for example in school classes in that the students are shown a text for reading aloud and the teacher using the Pointer controls the leaps in the eyes of the reading students. On the one hand, this has the disadvantage that almost all of the above parameters cannot be controlled. The same goes for procedures that use the text only divide into syllables or into other segments, the size of which does not match the individually determined ability is adapted to see several letters within a sensory interval and not the Take the required call time of a test person into account.

Printed segmented texts are also known, in which the control of the above-mentioned parameters limited to the scope of the text passage to be read in one reading step.

Finally, software programs for children are known in which a text is displayed on the screen and is read aloud at the same time, with the text passages currently read aloud optically are highlighted so that the child should follow the text while listening. Support though such programs do not provide the necessary active practice for a learner to read, nor do they focus on child's individual reading skills such as reading speed or the above mentioned parameters.

The invention is therefore based on the object of creating a method by which reading is possible it is learned that the parameters on which reading is based are precisely controlled during active practice and can be adapted to the skills of the respective subject required for reading, the These parameters can be controlled without the active participation of a caregiver, in order to enable the subject to practice controlled practice independently.

This object is achieved for the method described in the introduction by the characterizing Features of claim 1. Advantageous further developments are the subject of the dependent claims.

According to the invention, the adjacent text passage to be read next is marked in Depends on whether the test person fulfills a match criterion, which means reading one correctly text passage to be read is evaluated. Only in this case is the next text passage to be read be marked.  

According to the invention, the match criterion can be determined by several alternatives:

• a) read loudly or quietly
  • a) continuous measurement of the gaze direction and eye movements of the test person, for example by measuring the dipole of the eyes (for example using an electrooculagram),
  • b) determining a first period of time from the beginning of a marking of the text passage to be read to the beginning of the fixation of the area to be fixed with the eyes ("fixation site"), which is part of the text passage to be read, by the test subject, and
  • c) comparing the first time period with a second time period typically required for this, wherein a match of the two time periods within predetermined fluctuation ranges is evaluated as fulfilling the match criterion. A value typically measured earlier in the same test subject or a value measured earlier in the case of other test subjects can be used, for example, as a typically required period of time.
  In this way, the subject's saccade interval can be observed during reading and used as the basis of the match criterion.
• b) by reading aloud or quietly
  • a) continuous measurement of the gaze direction and eye movements of the test person as under a) i.,
  • b) determining a first period of time from the beginning to the end of the fixation of a fixation point by the test subject, optionally in the case of reading aloud using speech recognition, the correct reading of the text passage to be read by the test subject can be checked as an additional condition to be fulfilled, and
  • c) comparing the first time period with a second time period typically required for this, wherein a match of the two time periods within predetermined fluctuation ranges is evaluated as fulfilling the match criterion. A value typically measured earlier in the same test subject or a value measured earlier in the case of other test subjects can be used, for example, as a typically required period of time. This measurement can be done either by measuring the fixation time as under a) i. or by determining the minimum presentation time required for correct reading.
  In this way, the subject's sensory interval can be observed during reading and used as the basis of the match criterion.
• c) when reading aloud
  • a) measuring a first period of time from the beginning of the marking of the text passage to be read to the beginning or end of the utterance of the first phoneme of the text passage to be read when the test person reads correctly, whereby correct reading is distinguished from incorrect reading using speech recognition, and
  • b) Continue analogous to a) iii.
  In this way, the subject's so-called "reading interval" can be observed during reading and used as the basis of the match criterion. When reading aloud, this enables a considerably reduced equipment expenditure compared to versions a) and b), since the determination of viewing directions and eye movements is dispensed with.
• d) when reading aloud
  • a) Continuous measurement of the gaze direction and eye movements of the test person as under a) i.
  • b) determining a first period of time from the beginning of the fixation of the marking of the text passage to be read to the beginning or end of the utterance of the first phoneme of the text passage to be read by the test person when reading correctly, whereby correct reading is distinguished from incorrect reading using speech recognition, and
  • c) Continue analogous to a) iii.
  In this way, the subject's so-called "fixation call-up interval" can be observed during reading and used as the basis of the match criterion.
• e) reading aloud
  with the help of speech recognition software, whereby agreement between what has been read and the text to be read is regarded as fulfillment of the agreement criterion. In this way, the subject's ability to recall the sounds (phonemes) and / or meanings associated with the letters and words seen can be observed and used as the basis of the match criterion.

By means of these different alternatives, different parameters on which the reading is based controlled and thereby also targeted individual steps of a reading step (saccade interval, sensory interval, fixation interval and retrieval interval) can be checked. This is also how it is possible in the reading learning method according to the invention to specific strengths and weaknesses of a Subjects respond at the level of individual sub-steps. Common to all alternatives is that Matching criterion is determined without the active participation of a caregiver and thus the entire procedure can be used by the test subject without the active participation of a caregiver can.  

Below are preferred embodiments using drawings that are only illustrative Contain embodiments, explain. Show it

Fig. 1 is a dummy text with a tag to be read text passage,

Fig. 2 is a dummy text with the marking of the text to read location and a further marking,

Fig. 3-5 a blank text with a marking of the text to read location - consisting of two sub-marks in different versions

In FIG. 1, a dummy text shows an example of how a point to be read is optically highlighted using a marker (M1). Any deviations in the font, for example with regard to luminance, contrast, color, size, position, font or font, additional lines such as underlining or framing, or variations in the background, for example with regard to luminance, contrast, can be used as a marking for optically highlighting the text passage to be read. Color or pattern, in static or changing over time, for example flashing form are used.

In a first development, in the case of alternatives c), d) and e), speech recognition Software a voice recognition software ("Voice Control") can be used. This can in favor of better runtime properties the possible vocabulary to be recognized in the course of the Reading exercise on the text passages to be read and, if applicable, neighboring text passages as well as optionally some additional voice commands can be limited.

In another development, the runtime properties are used in favor of even more favorable properties Speech recognition or speech recognition function of the software used only on Parts of the text passage to be read, for example syllables or easily recognizable Phonemes applied. This can be sufficient to recognize whether the subject is reading from reading text differs significantly.

In a further development of this, the main emphasis is on emphasized syllables or parts thereof used. This is advantageous because syllables are usually better emphasized by background noise take off and are therefore easier to process for the speech recognition software. The preferred use of stressed syllables is particularly useful if the pronunciation is accurate less emphasis should be placed on unstressed syllables when learning to read.  

Alternatively, in another further development mainly unstressed syllables or Parts of it used. This is especially useful if the exact pronunciation is unstressed Special emphasis should be placed on syllables when learning to read.

A further development of one of the above methods described below is that the Matching criterion for the optical highlighting of an adjacent text passage by a Marking is determined on the basis of reading the immediately preceding text passage. This ensures that a marking only appears when the immediately preceding one Reading step successful, d. H. by fulfilling the match criterion. As a result, the subject controls his reading speed himself and can read one if the reading is incorrect passage to be read, d. H. Failure to meet the compliance criteria, to be encouraged to to read the incorrectly read passage again.

In another development, the visual highlighting of an adjacent text passage is carried out by a marker (M1) after a predetermined period after the appearance of the immediately previous marking made, but depending on the fulfillment of the Matching criterion based on reading the penultimate or a previous one Passage. This ensures that when reading correctly, the subject's reading speed this text passage to be read is specified and the marking only then not to another Reading point appears if a text passage was previously read incorrectly. This training can also be used in combination with the above training, namely by some Text passages to be read with a reading speed controlled by the test person and others too reading text passages are to be read at a specified reading speed.

In another development, the time period from the start of the marking (M1) of a text passage until the beginning of the marking of the text passage to be read next, to the reading performance of the Subjects, d. H. at its previously shown ability or inability to fulfill the Matching criterion, adjusted. For example, the predetermined reading speed can be used with increasing reading performance of the test subject increased and decreased with decreasing reading performance become.

In another development, the visual highlighting of the text passages to be read remains through the Marking (M1) essentially exists until the marking of the text passage to be read next. This is, for example, in cases in which the subject is reading at his own pace controls, advantageous in order not to specify an external duration for any of the substeps.  

In an alternative development, the visual highlighting of the text passages to be read is carried out by the marking (M1) is made for a predetermined duration, which is generally shorter than that Time interval until marking the text passage to be read next. Through this duration, for the The saccade interval of the test person can be given a maximum value externally, and the Maintenance of fixation should be practiced and checked even when the marking disappears.

In a development of this, the duration of the marking (M1) depends on the reading performance of the test person customized. For example, the duration of the marking can increase as the subject's reading performance increases shortened and extended with decreasing reading performance.

In another development, the scope of the marked text passages to be read is passed on to the Adjusted reading performance of the subject. For example, the scope can increase with reading performance of the subject are increased and decreased with decreasing reading performance.

In another development, the marked text passage to be read is only used during one predetermined time period and not during the subsequent reading of the subject displayed. This enables the control and monitoring of the sensory interval in which the The subject sees the letters of the text to be read, while his gaze is a fixation in the fixed text passage to be read.

In a further development of this, the period of time during which the text passage to be read in each case is displayed, adapted to the reading performance of the subject. For example, this period of time with the subject's increasing reading performance was shortened and extended with decreasing reading performance become.

As explained in FIG. 2, a second marking (M2) is used in another development, which optically changes the appearance of the text in the vicinity of the first marking. Such a change takes place, for example, through a different luminance, contrast, color, size, position or type of font or luminance, contrast, color or pattern of the background. In this way, the environment of the text passage to be read is changed so that it can influence the reading of the text passage to be read. Such influencing can come about, for example, through masking effects, distracting attention, triggering eye movement or similar mechanisms. For example, the text passage to be read can be limited to the right and / or left, ie the text is only shown to the extent that it should be seen and read in the current reading step. In the subsequent reading step, the visible text is extended by the next text passage to be read and marked with the text passage to be read, etc.

In another development, the expression of the first or second markings (M1, M2) can be changed within selectable time intervals. For example, has the reading performance at a certain expression at least one of the markings reaches a certain level, so reading can be practiced in another form of at least one of the markings until again a certain level of performance is reached, etc. This allows one or both Markings are used increasingly optically less pronounced and thus the passages of text to be read are becoming increasingly similar to the rest of the text to be read, as a result of which the Supporting effect of the weakening mark is withdrawn more and more.

As shown in FIG. 3, in another development, the first marking (M1) comprises at least two partial markings, of which the first partial marking (M1a) is used to mark the fixation point and the second partial marking (M1b) is a text passage directly adjacent to the fixation point compared to the rest Highlights text. The first partial marking (M1a) can be optically more pronounced than the second in order to better serve as a fixation point. The second partial marking (M1b) marks letters to the left and / or right of the first partial marking and, in conjunction with the marking (M1a), indicates the scope of the text passage to be read. The partial markings (M1a) and (M1b) can occur simultaneously or with a time delay. In this way, it becomes even more precise than with just a homogeneous marking of the text passage to be read to control the fixation points, the extent of the text passage to be read, the length of the saccade, fixation, sensory and retrieval intervals as well as the width of the eye jumps of the test subjects .

As shown by way of example in FIG. 4, in an advantageous development, a graphic character or a letter of the text passage to be read is used as the first partial marking (M1a). In order to bring about the fixation thereon, this first partial marking can be made, for example, by a strongly differing, clearly visible color.

As illustrated in FIG. 5, in a particularly advantageous development, the graphic character or letter used as the first partial marking (M1a) is more difficult to recognize - in the present example, reduced in size. In this way, the recognition of this sign is difficult compared to the others, so that it must be fixed in order to be recognized, which effectively supports the fixation of this sign by the test subject.

In another development, a pair of partial markings (M1b) flanking the first partial marking (M1a) on both sides are produced as second partial markings, as is already shown by way of example in FIGS . 3-5. This is particularly advantageous in the case of text passages to be read that comprise three or more letters, since the parts of the visual field seen by the eye are used both to the left and right of the fixation point, and thus the text passage to be read is better used in the sharply seen area of the visual field is centered.

Unless otherwise noted, the features of the further developments described above can can be combined with one another or used alternatively.

The technical implementation takes place with the help of a computer program with program code means perform the steps of the procedure when the program is run on a computer. In an advantageous embodiment, the computer program is on a computer-readable data carrier saved.

The invention is explained below on the basis of concrete examples.

Embodiment 1

An exemplary embodiment is that at least one letter with a yellow background as Sub-markers M1a serve as green and to the left and right of them as sub-markers M1b stored letters are marked, like a test person at the same time with the yellow letter, which serves as a marking of the fixation site, should read. For example, is a subject only able to Recognize up to four letters at the same time, for example, one letter to the left and two Letters to the right of the yellow background letter, which serves as the fixation point, are marked in green. The The instruction is to look at the yellow letter, but at the same time the letters highlighted in green read along. Reading can then take place at different lengths of the fixation site different successive locations of the fixation site, at one different numbers of letters marked to the left and right of the fixation point become. The subject should practice increasing the number of letters during a given one Fixation interval and a predetermined polling interval to read several letters during to read increasingly shorter fixation intervals and increasingly shorter retrieval intervals, smaller or to perform larger jumps in reading while reading, fixation mark for certain time intervals fix and read several letters at the same time.

Embodiment 2

In a further development of the first exemplary embodiment, the ones highlighted in green are shown below Letters (M1b) are shown several letters smaller than the colored letters (Mark M2). This is supposed to be the distracting influence of the letters next to the colored ones standing letters should be reduced, and it should be practiced with a gradual increase in  distracting reading a text. In a fixation phase, the test subject should see the yellow Fix the highlighted letters and at the same time only the yellow and green highlighted letters aloud read. If the test person can read letters highlighted in this way, the letters in the previous exercises were presented in a smaller format (marking M2), in the next ones Exercise runs shown somewhat larger. Under these conditions, texts are practiced so long until a certain reading performance has been achieved. In the following exercises, the presented letters reduced in size increased by a certain amount. Under these Conditions are practiced texts until a certain reading level is reached. The smaller ones Letters become a certain amount again in the following practice runs enlarged etc.

Embodiment 3

In exemplary development of examples 1 and 2, the letter to be fixed in each case yellow (M1a) and a maximum of two letters to the left and right, green (M1b) and at least 4 letters adjoining on the left and on the right are reduced with a Contrast (M2) shown. These marks (M1a), (M1b) and (M2) remain for a certain time exist (e.g. 300 milliseconds) and then jump so far that the letter to the right of The last green marked letter was the letter after the movement of the markings is at the left end of the left green marker. The subject fixed the yellow marking for less than a certain time (e.g. 250 milliseconds), the marking remains longer than the preset time, exist and the yellow and green letters will be additionally underlined or an acoustic signal sounds. The underline or the acoustic The signal indicates that the colored letters are to be fixed and read again.

Embodiment 4

As an alternative to observing and checking the fixation of the test person as in Example 3, e.g. Belly a speech recognition program is used to determine which letters have been read and whether the letters were read correctly. Have the letters been misread or were read letters other than the marked letters, the preset time and changes spatial sequence of the markings in such a way that the colored marking remains longer and by underlining the colored letters or by an acoustic signal indicates that the marked letters should be fixed and read again.

Embodiment 5

In a further development of the above exemplary embodiments, the time that a marking (M1a) must be fixed so that the letters marked with the markings (M1a) and (M1b) are correct Reading learning process  read, continuously measured and saved. These letters come in the again in the same order or letters are offered that are the same or similar Characteristics have like already read letters, so the time these are offered later Letters are marked, determined from the time they were previously performed Letters or letters with the same or similar characteristics were measured.

Claims (22)

1. Reading process with the following steps:

• Displaying a text to be read on a display device,
• - visual highlighting of a text passage to be read by a marking,
• - reading of the marked text passage by the test person,
• - marking an adjacent text passage to be read next,

characterized in that the marking of the adjacent text passage to be read next takes place depending on the fulfillment of a matching criterion, which is alternatively determined:

• a) read loudly or quietly
  continuous measurement of the gaze direction and eye movements of the test person,
  Determining the first period of time from the beginning of the marking of the text passage to be read until the beginning of the fixation of the spot to be fixed with the eyes ("fixation spot") by the test subject, and
  Comparing the first time period with a second time period typically required for this, wherein a match of the two time periods within predetermined fluctuation ranges is evaluated as fulfilling the match criterion;
• b) by reading aloud or quietly
  continuous measurement of the gaze direction and eye movements of the test person,
  Determining the first time period from the beginning to the end of the fixation of the fixation site by the test subject, and
  Comparing the first time period with a second time period typically required for this when reading correctly, wherein a match of the two time periods within predetermined fluctuation ranges is evaluated as fulfillment of the match criterion;
• c) when reading aloud
  Measuring a first period of time from the beginning of the marking of the text passage to be read to the beginning or end of the pronouncement of the first phoneme of the text passage to be read by the test person when reading correctly, a distinction being made between correct reading and incorrect reading using speech recognition software, and
  Comparing this first time period with a second time period typically required for this, wherein a match of the two time periods within predetermined fluctuation ranges is evaluated as fulfilling the match criterion;
• d) when reading aloud
  continuous measurement of the gaze direction and eye movements of the test person,
  Measuring a first period of time from the beginning of the fixation of the marking of the text to be read to the beginning or end of the pronouncement of the first phoneme of the text passage to be read when the subject reads correctly, distinguishing correct from incorrect reading using speech recognition software, and
  Comparing the first time period with a second time period typically required for this, wherein a match of the time periods within predetermined fluctuation ranges is evaluated as fulfilling the match criterion;
• e) reading aloud
  with the help of speech recognition software, whereby agreement between what has been read and the text passage to be read is regarded as fulfillment of the agreement criterion.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the case of alternatives c), d) and e) as speech recognition software Speech recognition software is used. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the case of alternatives c), d) and e), speech recognition or speech recognition Partial scope of the text passage to be read is restricted. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the partial scopes are mainly restricted to stressed syllables or parts thereof. 5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the partial scope is mainly restricted to unstressed syllables or parts thereof. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the matching criterion for the optical highlighting of a neighboring text passage determines a mark based on reading the immediately preceding passage becomes. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that  the visual highlighting of an adjacent text passage by marking after a predetermined period after the immediately preceding marking appears, but in additional dependence on the fulfillment of the match criterion based on reading the penultimate or a previous text passage is determined. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the predetermined period of time after the appearance of the immediately preceding marker to the Reading performance of the subject, d. H. of its previously shown ability or inability to perform the match criterion is adjusted. 9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the visual highlighting of the text to be read by marking up to for marking the text passage to be read next remains. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the visual highlighting of the text to be read by marking it for a predetermined duration appears, which is usually shorter than the time interval until marking the text passage to be read next. 11. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the duration of the appearance of the marking is adapted to the reading performance of the test person. 12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the extent of the marked text passages to be read to the reading performance of the test person is adjusted. 13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the text passage to be read is only displayed for a predetermined period of time and is not displayed during the subsequent reading of the subject. 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that  the period of time during which the text passage to be read is displayed, the reading performance of the Subjects is adjusted. 15. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, marked by Create a second marker that shows the appearance of the text around the first Mark changed optically. 16. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the form of the first or second markings changed within selectable time intervals can be. 17. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first marking comprises at least two partial markings, of which the first partial marking is used to mark the fixation site and the second partial marking is used to mark the fixation site highlights directly adjacent text passage compared to the rest of the text. 18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that as a first partial marking a graphic character or a letter of the text passage to be read is used. 19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that the graphic character or letter used as the first partial marking is reduced or in is otherwise shown more difficult to see. 20. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that as a second partial mark, a pair flanking the first partial mark on both sides Partial marks are generated. 21. Computer program with program code means to carry out the steps of the method according to one of the carry out the preceding claims when the program is executed on a computer. 22. Computer program with program code means according to claim 21, which on a computer-readable data carriers are stored.