DE10007077A1 - Heating and ventilation system for living rooms has heat distribution via consumable water pipes, circulation line; heat exchanger is used to separate hot water for heating, consumable water - Google Patents

Abstract

The system has a central heat source, a central heat storage device, pipes, distributed heat output devices and an air delivery and ventilation system for room air, whereby heat distribution in the building is achieved with the central heat storage device working with at least one non-central heat exchanger, with distribution via consumable water pipes and a circulation line (3) to circulate the consumable water in the pipe system. A heat exchanger (9) is used to separate the hot water for heating and the consumable water (2).

Description

The invention relates to a heating and ventilation system for living rooms according to the Preambles of claims 1 and 23.

With DE 17 53 212 A1 it is known that hot water and Process water from the same heat generator via the same pipe system to acquire. This is a major need for lines and Insulation material saved and space is also saved.

A similar technical teaching results from DE 13 71 223, according to which is also known, a simultaneous preparation of hot service water and warm heating water with one and the same heat generator accomplish.

In both publications, however, there is the disadvantage that the process water is taken directly from the heating water circuit. Insist here  hygienic concerns and especially with low temperature heaters that come with Heating temperatures below 50 °. Degree work, there is a risk of breeding Disease germs (Legionella) that lead to serious health disorders.

There are also home ventilation systems with heat recovery become known (HLH Vol. 44 (1993) No. 11, pages 679 to 681). With this known home ventilation systems, however, has the disadvantage that a relative high space requirement is required for the ventilation ducts, which are separate from the Heating cables are led.

The invention is therefore based on the object, a space heating and Ventilation system of the type mentioned so continue to form that it has a significantly improved hygienic performance in a small space.

To achieve the object, the invention is through the technical teaching of Claim 1 marked.

Here, the invention assumes that a central heat generator Charges hot water storage, such as. B. is also shown in DE 17 53 212. Of According to the invention, the water is now removed from this hot water tank and fed directly to the various taps as process water.

According to the invention it is now additionally provided that the heating water is not direct this hot water circuit is taken, but that the heating water through a heat exchanger is connected to this hot water circuit.

This has the advantage that the heating water and the domestic water are not in one and run in the same cycle, but are separated from each other.

The return line of the heating water circuit opens into the Heat exchanger, while on the primary side of the heat exchanger  Return line the (service water) circulation line for the central Is a heat generator.

The decoupling of the heating circuit from the hot water circuit by a separate heat exchanger has the main advantage that now Process water can be removed at a relatively high temperature, and that nevertheless, the heating circuit with relatively lower temperatures, like one Low energy heating usual, can be operated. There is no longer that Risk of contaminating the process water with harmful germs because that Process water can be drawn at relatively high temperatures and that Heating water here with relatively lower temperatures from the invention Intermediate heat exchanger is removed.

It is known to produce domestic water for a single apartment Heating outputs of 30 to 40 KW are required. The invention now provides that this relatively high output for the production of process water now is used simultaneously for the generation of heating energy. It has now shown that from this relatively high heating output a relatively small proportion z. B. 1 to 5 KW can be used for the heating circuit, while the largest proportion is necessary for the production of hot water.

This is where the invention comes in, which provides a central heat generator and provides that this central heat generator as its heat into the home as simple two-strand line consisting of incoming and outgoing circulation line leads. This saves significant cable lengths compared to a four-line System in which the heating water and process water must be conducted separately. In addition, significant portions of insulation materials are saved. It insulation costs and space requirements are saved. Likewise, the Energy losses reduced because there is only a simple cable routing.  

This hot water only becomes available at the place where the hot water is drawn Industrial water distributor supplied and from there only the individual Tapping points.

A branch stream branched off from it is now in the primary side of the Initiated heat exchanger according to the invention, the primary side Return line is the circulation line for the centrally installed heat generator is.

The whole is now on the secondary side of this heat exchanger Heating water treatment arranged in a preferred embodiment of the present invention from the heating water distribution and possibly from there are additional heating registers for air heating.

This air post-heating can also be an air preheater for the outside in the Buildings contain air introduced, which makes additional use of the Heating circuit is given. So the air preheating takes a relatively high Heating energy from the heat exchanger arranged according to the invention, what ensures that good heat utilization is given by the fact that the Return water to the central heat generator with a relatively low temperature flows back.

In summary, it can be said that the arrangement of a Heat exchanger between the hot water withdrawal and the Heating water withdrawal it is now possible to use the domestic water with a relatively high level Take temperature, keep it germ-free and the heating water with relatively low temperature or corresponding temperature levels for Use air heating, radiators and air preheating.

Separate protection is claimed for the technical teaching outlined above Comparison to the following technical teaching, which focuses on the central Heat distribution in the apartment.  

It has turned out that in today's new apartments relative are limited space and that it is very difficult for one Air heating and hot water heating necessary ducts and lines in to distribute the apartment in a space-saving and well-insulated manner.

Literature HLH vol. 44, 1993, pages 6, 7, 9 to 6, 8, 1 shows that a relatively high Space is required when the heating and ventilation circuits are separate from each other. There is also for the ventilation unit for Preparation of the warm air takes up a lot of space with high demands on the Insulation and soundproofing. It has been shown that such Ventilation units are very difficult to isolate sound and therefore they are in remote places of a house attached. However, this is with individuals Apartments in an apartment building are not possible.

The invention is therefore based on the further object of the aforementioned Ventilation system as space-saving as possible, quiet and with as little energy loss as possible to accommodate an apartment in an apartment building.

To solve this subtask, the invention is characterized in that in a ventilation heating distributor is arranged in the respective apartment, in which both the air distribution channels are arranged and the air-air Heat exchanger for heat recovery, as well as the heating register for the Air preheating and air heating. They are also the corresponding ones Fans, the heat distributors for hot water heating and the associated ones Circulation pumps.

A box-shaped device which accommodates all parts is therefore proposed, which is very space-saving e.g. B. can be hung under a ceiling or can be placed in a wardrobe in half a cabinet size. According to another important feature of the invention, it is provided that this Ventilation heating distributor is encapsulated as well as possible. This looks  the invention that the channels necessary for air distribution itself good soundproofed are used what telephony silencer, and here, at least in part, the walls of the box-shaped ventilation Heating distributor forms, so as to take up as little space as possible at high To generate insulation efficiency.

In this way, the purpose of the invention becomes simple and Energy saving heat generation of domestic water and heating water in optimally achieved. Only a two-channel line is led into the apartment leads directly into the ventilation heating distributor. Of this box-shaped device then the individual ventilation ducts go into the individual rooms to be ventilated and heated, at the same time flows into this box the supply air duct, which preheated outside air via a box-shaped Heating manifold arranged heat exchanger heats up and over the same time Ventilation distributors arranged there are distributed in the individual supply air ducts. So it is in a completely sound-insulated and heat-insulated Box distributes both the heating water and the heating air.

Here there is now the possibility to separate the outside air for each apartment suck in, and preheat separately in a first stage, or collected to suck and also collected, e.g. B. in a geothermal heat exchanger preheat a first stage, only to then separate one in the respective To supply apartment arranged ventilation heating distributor, where there the other Air preheating through heat recovery from the exhaust air, in air-air Heat exchanger takes place and so the preheated air then via separate Heating register heated and the individual via appropriate supply air channels Is fed to rooms. The room temperature can be controlled via separate Room sensors take place.

For this technical teaching, d. H. the arrangement of a self-contained ventilation Heating distributor in each apartment with a relatively small space in the  both the ventilation treatment and the heating water treatment take place, separate protection is claimed.

The subject matter of the present invention results not only from the Subject of the individual claims, but also from the combination of individual claims among themselves.

All information disclosed in the documents, including the summary and features, in particular the spatial depicted in the drawings Education are claimed as essential to the invention, insofar as they are used individually or in Combination are new compared to the prior art.

In the following, the invention will be explained using only one embodiment illustrative drawings explained in more detail. Here go from the drawings and their description further features and advantages of the invention Invention.

Show it:

Fig. 1 schematically, a section through a ventilation heating distributor according to the invention,

Fig. 2 shows a section along the line 2-2 in Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 Schematic of a block diagram of a heat supply for an apartment building.

In Fig. 1 it is shown that the domestic cold water 1 is fed via a line directly to the quantity counter 4 for domestic cold water, where it is supplied to the various tapping points via a domestic cold water distribution 6 .

A heat generator 44 shown in FIG. 3 heats a heat accumulator 46 via a heating water circuit 45 .

This heat accumulator 46 provides the energy for the domestic water and the heating water according to FIG. 1.

The water heated in this heat accumulator 46 is now fed via line 2 as domestic hot water according to FIG. 1 to the quantity counter 5 for domestic water into the apartment. There it is supplied to the individual tapping point in the apartment via a domestic hot water distribution 7 .

It is now important that a line 47 branches off from the service water line 2 , which line represents the inlet line for the heat exchanger 9 according to the invention.

The return line 48 from the primary side of the heat exchanger 9 forms the circulation line for the domestic hot water 3 . It is also possible to bypass the two connections on the primary side (process water circuit) with a bypass as required.

It follows from this that only two separate lines, namely lines 2 , 3 , have to be led into the house distribution from the centrally arranged heat accumulator 46 and not four separate lines instead.

On the secondary side of the heat exchanger 9 , a heat meter 8 for the heating water is now arranged in the return line 49 , which, however, can also be arranged on the primary side analogously in line 47 , while the supply line 50 feeds the generated water to a heating circuit group via a pump, where the distributor 12 is arranged for the supply and return lines of the heating water pipes for supplying the heating surfaces (e.g. radiators, floor or wall heating surfaces etc.) and heating register.

Among other things, one or more control valves and associated actuators 13 are arranged on this distributor 12 , which serve to supply the heating registers 19 for heating the supply air to supply ventilation to the various rooms.

The return line 51 from this distributor 12 serves as a supply line for the distributor for the air preheating 11 , best seen in FIG. 1. This distributor consists of a single circuit with an associated pump, with a supply 14 and a return 15 for the air preheating are.

From this air preheating circuit, the water flows via the aforementioned return line 49 into the return line on the secondary side of the heat exchanger 9 . From the foregoing description it follows that starting from the heat exchanger 9 , there is both a distributor for the heating surfaces and heating register, and a further distributor for the air preheating. However, the second-mentioned distributor for air preheating does not have to be available, it can also be omitted. Air preheating can either take place centrally for all apartments in a corresponding preheating unit.

The function of the air heating is described in more detail below.

The outside air 52 is sucked into the ventilation heating distributor 35 according to the invention via an air intake 53 . Here, the air temperature is detected by means of a sensor 16 b.

A register 17 for air preheating, which is supplied with heat by the lines 14 , 15 , is arranged in the entrance area of the air intake socket 53 .

At the rear of the register 17 , a further temperature sensor 16 b is arranged, which detects the air temperature heated by the register and accordingly controls a flow valve in the return line 49 in the flow.

The outside air 52 is sucked in by the fan 40 and passed through the air-air heat exchanger 39 . On the outlet side of this heat exchanger, the air now enters the central distribution duct 23 as preheated supply air 31 via assigned supply air stubs 42 . The distribution channel 23 is divided into a distribution channel 23 a for the supply air and a separate distribution channel 23 b for the exhaust air.

The supply air discharge from the distribution channel 23 a z. B. via two upward and downward supply air ducts 37 a, 37 b.

There are a total of four such channels, only the channels 37 a, 37 b being shown in the section according to FIG. 1, while the section according to FIG. 2 shows that two such channels 37 a and 37 b are present in each case. Therefore, the channels 37 b in FIG. 2 have been designated 37 b1 and 37 b2.

The same also applies to the exhaust air channels 38 , which will be explained later.

It is important that the supply air ducts 37 and the exhaust air ducts 38 are led out from the central distribution chambers 23 a, 23 b arranged in the middle of the housing 34 : these ducts are correspondingly soundproofed and at the same time at least partially form the walls of the ventilation heating distributor 35 , so that there is an excellent sound insulation value with a very good heat insulation value.

The housing also consists of a removable cover 43 , which is also well insulated, while the wall 54 is also well insulated against heat and noise.

A further cover 55 is arranged on the top of the housing (see FIG. 1) and is also insulated against heat and sound.

In this way it can be seen that, due to the arranged silencers 22 in connection with the vibration dampers 21, excellent sound insulation and additional heat insulation are provided.

Accordingly, the heat exchanger 39 and the associated fans are accommodated in the ventilation unit 20 in a silenced manner.

The exhaust air is guided via the previously mentioned exhaust air channels 38 . These channels are combined in the distribution channel 23 b and the exhaust air 32 is introduced via the exhaust port 41 into the ventilation unit 20 , flows through the other part of the air-air heat exchanger where it preheats the supply air, which exhaust air 32 by means of the fan 40 the heat exchanger is sucked through and is led into the open air as exhaust air 30 .

The exhaust air 32 taken up from the individual rooms is introduced into the ventilation heating distributor 35 via the aforementioned exhaust air ducts and an associated orifice 33 , flows through the corresponding exhaust air ducts there and is collected in the distribution duct 23 b for the exhaust air.

The heat exchanger 39 described is thus an air-air heat exchanger for preheating the outside air 52 and which uses the waste heat which the exhaust air from the individual rooms has to preheat this outside air.

The room air thermostat 36 controls the position of the control drive 13 and thus the heating register 19 for the air heating of the supply air 31 .

To save space, the PLC control for the air and heating of the entire air and heating distributor 35 is also arranged in the distribution channel 23 . The installation of such a ventilation and heating distributor 35 in an apartment of an apartment building is shown with the aid of FIG. 3. The same parts are provided with the same reference numerals, so that nothing changes in the basic structure. Reference is therefore made to the previous description.

In any case, it is important that the central heat generator 44 heats the heat accumulator 46 , and the heat accumulator 46 is connected only to the two lines 2 , 3 with the respective ventilation heating distributor 35 arranged in the apartment.

The cold water supply is not taken into account here.

The housing of the ventilation heating distributor 34 is shown schematically, and starting from the housing, the rooms to be supplied are shown schematically (on a much smaller scale).

In each room there can be a room thermostat 36 via which the control valve 13 is actuated with an actuator.

The illustration shows that there are so-called supply air rooms and so-called Exhaust air spaces there; the supply and exhaust air are routed accordingly shown.

Additional heating surfaces are required in exhaust air rooms (e.g. WC, bathroom), if none temperature-controlled supply air is supplied.

Fig. 3 shows, moreover, that a circulation pump 58 is still necessary to maintain the circuit via lines 2 , 3 . The softening system 59 ensures that the water introduced into the heat accumulator 46 is softened because it is fed via lines 2 , 3 to the ventilation and heating distributor 35 according to the invention.

In summary, it can be said that with the present invention a very compact, well heat-insulated and inexpensive sound-insulated ventilation and Heating distributor with a small footprint was created, for the first time it is possible to distribute ventilation and heating in the tightest of spaces to accommodate an apartment in an apartment building.  

Due to the fact that a heat exchanger for the separation of heating water and Hot water is available, it is possible with such a system too To create low temperature heaters without the temperature of the Domestic water must be reduced.

The heating and ventilation circuit can therefore run at low temperature, while the domestic water with a relatively high temperature in the range above 50 ° C is heated.  

Drawing legend

1

Custom cold water

2nd

Domestic hot water

3rd

DHW circulation pipe

4th

Volume counter for domestic cold water

5

Volume counter for domestic hot water

6

Custom cold water distribution

7

Domestic hot water: distribution apartment

8th

Heat meter (can also be installed in the primary circuit)

9

Heat exchanger (primary: domestic hot water, secondary: heating preheating circuit)

10th

Heating circuit group

11

Air preheating group with regulating valve and actuator

12th

Distributor with supply and return lines for heating surfaces and heating registers

13

Control valves and actuators with connections for room thermostats

14

Flow for air preheating (= return heating circuit)

15

Return air preheating

16

a Register for air preheating

16

b Air preheating sensor

18th

PLC control for ventilation and heating

19th

Heating register for supply air

20th

Ventilation unit

21

Vibration damper

22

Telephony silencer

23

a Distribution duct for supply air

23

b Distribution duct for exhaust air

24th

Device base

25th

Mounting rack

26

Raw floor

27

Finished floor

28

Floor structure

29

Suspended ceiling

30th

Exhaust air

31

Supply air

32

Exhaust air

33

cover

34

casing

35

Ventilation heating distributor

36

Room thermostat

37

Supply air duct

38

Exhaust duct

39

Heat exchanger

40

Fans

41

Exhaust port

42

Supply air spigot

43

cover

44

Heat generator

45

Heating water circuit

46

Heat storage

47

Process water supply line to the heat exchanger

48

Return line primary

49

Return line secondary

50

Inlet pipe secondary

51

Return line

52

Outside air

53

Air intake connector

54

Back wall

55

cover

56

Solar heat cycle

57

Heat exchanger

58

Circulation pump

59

Water treatment plant

Claims (25)

1.Household heating and ventilation system essentially consisting of a central heat generator, a central heat store, pipes, decentralized heat emission devices and a ventilation system for the room air, whereby the heat distribution in the building is carried out by means of the central heat store in cooperation with at least one other decentralized heat exchanger and furthermore the distribution from the central heat store to the decentralized heat exchangers arranged in the apartments takes place via the pipeline network of the domestic water supply and a circulation line for the domestic water for circulating the domestic water in the pipeline system is characterized in that a heat exchanger ( 9 ) for the separation of domestic water ( 2 ) and heating water for heating is available. 2. Living space heating and ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized in that from the central heat accumulator ( 46 ) a single line for the supply of the residential units with high-temperature domestic hot water ( 2 ) goes out which is used at the same time for the heat supply of the heat exchanger ( 9 ). 3. Living space heating and ventilation system according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the highly heated domestic hot water ( 2 ) does not flow through the heating system ( 10 , 11 ) in the apartment. 4. Living space heating and ventilation system according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in that it enables the heat exchanger ( 9 ) to use low-temperature heaters without the temperature of the process water ( 2 ) having to be reduced thereby. 5. Living space heating and ventilation system according to one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the process water ( 2 ) is heated to a relatively high temperature in the range above 50 ° C, while the circuit for the heating ( 10 , 11 ) with low temperature can be operated. 6. Living space heating and ventilation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that one heat exchanger ( 9 ) is used for the supply of heat to the space heating system per living unit. 7. Living space heating and ventilation system according to one of claims 1, 2 or 6, characterized in that the return line on the primary side of the heat exchanger ( 9 ) as a circulation line ( 3 ) is returned to the central heat generator. 8. Living space heating and ventilation system according to one of claims 1, 2, 6 or 7, characterized in that a circulation pump ( 58 ) is arranged to maintain the circuit for the water via the lines ( 2 , 3 ). 9. Living space heating and ventilation system according to one of claims 1, 2, 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that a separate circulation pump ( 58 ) is arranged in each air heating manifold. 10. Living space heating and ventilation system according to one of claims 1, 2, 6, 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that the entire heating water treatment ( 10 , 11 ) is arranged on the secondary side of the heat exchanger ( 9 ). 11. Living space heating and ventilation system according to one of claims 1-10, characterized in that the space heating system consists of a combination of heating with conventional radiators and air heating in the heating circuit group ( 10 ) and preheating for the ventilation system ( 11 ). 12. Living space heating and ventilation system according to one of claims 1-11, characterized in that the heat exchanger ( 39 ) is an air-air heat exchanger which serves to preheat the outside air ( 52 ) and which is the waste heat which the exhaust air ( 32 ) from the individual rooms has been used to preheat this outside air. 13. Living space heating and ventilation system according to one of claims 1-12, characterized in that the outside air ( 52 ) is sucked in separately for each apartment and this is supplied to a ventilation heating distributor arranged in the respective apartment ( 35 ). 14. Living space heating and ventilation system according to one of claims 1-13, characterized in that the outside air ( 52 ) is sucked in centrally for each apartment and this is supplied to a ventilation heating distributor ( 35 ) arranged in the respective apartment. 15. Living space heating and ventilation system according to one of claims 1-14, characterized in that the supply air duct ( 37 ) opens into the heating and ventilation distributor ( 35 ). 16. Living space heating and ventilation system according to one of claims 1-15, characterized in that a ventilation heating distributor ( 35 ) is arranged per apartment. 17. Living space heating and ventilation system according to one of claims 1, 16, characterized in that from the ventilation heating manifold ( 35 ) from the individual ventilation channels into the individual rooms to be ventilated and heated or vented. 18. Living space heating and ventilation system according to one of claims 1-17, characterized in that the ventilation heating distributor ( 35 ) is encapsulated in a heat-insulating manner. 19. Living space heating and ventilation system according to one of claims 1-18, characterized in that the ventilation heating manifold ( 35 ) is encapsulated in a sound-absorbing manner. 20. Living space heating and ventilation system according to one of claims 1-19, characterized in that in the ventilation unit ( 20 ) of the heat exchanger ( 39 ) and the associated fans are housed soundproofed. 21. Living space heating and ventilation system according to one of claims 1-20, characterized in that the channels ( 37 , 38 ) necessary for air distribution are soundproofed. 22. Living space heating and ventilation system according to one of claims 1-21, characterized in that telephony silencers ( 22 ) are used in the air distribution system. 23. Living space heating and ventilation system essentially consisting of a central heat generator, a central heat store, pipes, decentralized heat emission devices and a ventilation system for the room air, characterized in that both the air distribution channels ( 37 , 38 ) in the ventilation heating distributor ( 35 ) as well as heat exchangers ( 17 , 19 , 39 ) for the air heating, the associated fans, the heat distributors for the hot water heating and the associated circulation pumps are arranged to save space. 24. Living space heating and ventilation system according to claim 25, characterized in that the PLC control for the air and heating of the entire air and heating distributor ( 35 ) is arranged in the distribution channel ( 23 ) to save space. 25. Living space heating and ventilation system according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that the line expenditure for the supply of the domestic water ( 2 ) to the tapping points and the energy supply for the heating is reduced to one line, and only a second line as a circulation line ( 3rd ) is additionally necessary for return.