DD292230A5 - METHOD AND DEVICES FOR PRODUCING HEAT-RESISTANT FIBER MOLDED PARTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for nastenchnischen production of heat-insulating fiber molded parts of any spatial geometry based on mineral fibers and / or ceramic fibers. Processing of slippery mineral fibers and / or ceramic fibers is possible. The dried fiber moldings produced according to the invention have increased stiffness, hardness, fabric resistance, handling strength and improved mechanical post-processing capability. The aim of the invention is achieved by the use of a coordinated formaldehyde-free inorganic-organic binder system, whereby at the same time ecologically low-loaded Filtratsabwaesser arise. Due to the good homogeneity, hardness and texture over the molding cross-section a clean and accurate mechanical post-processing with woodworking techniques for the production of complicated shaped, directly non-moldable fiber moldings is possible. After the initial thermal treatment, the fiber moldings produced in the process according to the invention exhibit a homogeneous inorganic structure bond and sufficient strengths. The invention can be applied in non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy, silicate industry, chemical industry as well as in industrial furnace construction and in thermal apparatus and plant operation. Furthermore, specific devices for carrying out the method are described by means of FIG. Fig. 1 {method and apparatus; nasal technology production; waermedaemmend; Fiber moldings; any geometry; increased rigidity; Gefuegefestigkeit; Postprocessing possibility; formaldehyde; Non-ferrous / iron metallurgy; Industrieofenbau}

Description

The susponslonon olio nassanlagontollo on corrosion-resistant material nosoflaved soln müsson, and dlo Slobgowebeepannon, olnschlloßllch aor welochgolötoten Slounillito, olnom strong wear onillogon. Dos Woltoron finds as a result of the anuron Sueponslonecharactors olno Sol-Golumwondlung the colloidal oxide hydrosolos with ontsprochondor Vlskosltäisorhöhung stott, whereby oino restriction dehydration gschwindlgkolt, which formbaron wall thickness and thereby orgobondon orhohtht Rohdir.hto dor souggoformton Fasoffornitollo connected Ut. In this case the donut of the proposed nightingale according to the DE 2613413 (32) is not possible with mechanical Fostifjkolt bositzon, which makes it impossible to refurbish the boat by adding the addition of an afterglow step with ohmic thermohardened organic resin binder. This organo resin is impregnated in organic solvent as a dilute solution in conjunction with waferton catalysts and hardener ongewondot wordon, which further complicates the process of preparation, and ontsprochondo Sichorheltsanfordorungon boachtot wordon müsson hardened and are then locally after machine processing, for example, on a Drohbank suitable.

The application of homogeneous microwave drying for Migrntlonsvormoldung dor colloidal Oxidsolteilchen in keramlschon Fasorformloilon is bokannt according to DE 2311816 A and US 3935060 A, but Dioso's method requires the use kostonoufwondigor Spozial Mlkrowollonstrahlungsöfen, dio usually not to Vo. stand. To achieve increased strength, dio microwollongotrocknoton Form'.oilö be immersed in elnom additional process step in aqueous oxide sols and conventional drying, which in turn migration problems arise and the thermal conductivity increases accordingly.

Furthermore, processes are also bokannt, where due to bowing subsequently induziortor Golbildung in Naßformling the migration dor colloidal oxide solteilchon should be vorhindort. Thus, according to US Pat. No. 3,933,060 A, an ancestor is described in which the ammonia formed as a decomposition product of special chemicals as a result of drying under steam treatment or autoclave conditions results in a gelling of the SiO ₂ solV on account of a change in the pH value, whereby the particles become immobile. This complex process requires the introduction of Naßformlinge in sealed plastic bags odor autoclave and is therefore not rational to solve. Also, the further proposed sucking of gaseous ammonia by the Naßformling formed is associated with additional procedural expenses, dio in particular not solvable to solve the Absaugprobleme. The proposed according to DE 3311953 A1 pre-gelation of the inorganic Oxidsoles before suspension mixture due to the introduced viscosity increase Formgebungsschwierigkeiton.

To increase the stiffness and microstructure of wet-formed, dried Faserformtoile of mineral and ceramic fibers are known processes based on the use of formaldohydhaltiger resin binders as suspension additive, such as urea-formaldehyde resins, phenol-formaldehyde resins and furan resins in conjunction with colloidal inorganic silica sols [ DE 1771742 B2, DE 2831505 A1, GB 1263919 A, AT 372367 B, US 3770466 A]. The disadvantage of these methods for increasing the rigidity, strength and mechanical workability is, inter alia, that when using these heat-curable formaldehyde resins drying temperatures above 120 ⁰ C are required for the polymerization, which are associated with harmful formaldehyde emissions, which additionally require suitable extraction systems on the dryers , Furthermore, the condensation takes long-term character, whereby corresponding layer widths to achieve a permissible Formaldehydabgabekonzentration to delivery are required, which are associated with appropriate ventilation of the storage rooms. Likewise, large amounts of volatile and gaseous, harmful pyrolysis products are formed during the initial thermal stress of the molded parts. Furthermore, the disadvantage of these known methods is that the migration of the colloidal oxide particles is not prevented in the drying process and after the pyrolysis of the organic resin binder a different distribution of strength over the molding cross section is present. Furthermore, the disadvantage of this method is that the resulting Filtratsabwässer are heavily loaded with organic and inorganic binders and fiber and fillers that make costly wastewater treatment plants required.

Furthermore, processes are known which are based on the use of native water-insoluble starches, swellable or hot-soluble or degraded starches for wet-technical production of fiber moldings with increased rigidity and structural strength [DE 1150614 B, DE 1245828 B, DE 1471528 B, DE 1671269 B, DE 1947904 B2, DE 2831505 A1, AT 372 367 B, US 3770466 A]. However, these solutions have the disadvantage of low use of starch input, which requires higher input quantities and considerable ecological pollution of the production waste water with respect to the organic load, characterized by the BOD ₅ and CSV values (Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Consumption). ,

Prior to introducing this heavily clouded effluent into the receiving waters, equipment, cost and time-consuming biological treatment processes are required to prevent minimizing the oxygen balance of the ecosystem receiving waters. Due to the high microwave susceptibility of the filtrate its reuse is not directly possible. Also, the use of these non-ionic or anionogenic starch leads to an increase in viscosity of the pulp suspensions and associated deteriorated dewatering characteristics. A migration prevention of the colloidal oxide sol particles in the drying process can not be achieved either. In order to achieve a better restraint of the starch feed, technical solutions are known in which the suspensions with acidic flocculants, such as aluminum sulfate or organic Polyelektrolytflockungsmitteln, such as polyacrylamide and acid addition in the pH range 4-5.5 set [DE 1471528 B, DE 1947904 B2]. However, this acidic character, in turn, causes impaired drainage behavior and increased corrosion of all Naßanlagenteilo and shaping tools.

The disadvantages of all the above-mentioned known technical solutions are improved in the technical and economic sense by the proposed method according to the invention.

The well-known state of the art methods and devices for the suspension of mineral and ceramic fibers and for offset mixing is characterized in that vertically mounted in containers centrally mounted screw agitators high speed Boreiche [US 3770466 A, US 3935060 A, FR 1563091 A]. Basically, according to the known state of the art for wet processing processes with vacuum forming techniques, non-oiled fibers are added

vorwondon. By heat treatment of hydrophobon Rohfasorn bol 700 to 900 ⁰ C In olnom additional, onergloaufwondlgon VorfnhronsschrlU following the Rohfaserhorstellungsprozoß by Zorblas- or Schlouderverfahren is the vorfnhrenstochnisch to Fasorausbildung bonötlgto Gloltölmongo wieclor ousgobrannt [Gas Heat International Volume 30 (1981) Hoft 7/8, Soito 351.355; Sprochsaal Band 117 (198Ί) Hoft 1, Solto 48 to 51).

In addition to this solution, initial night priming of the inorganic amorphon fibers with preconbond donor grossoror breakage initiator occurs. From the state of Tochnik, no ancestor has become known, and oiled fibers can be worked on. Dio possible naßchomischo Entfottung the Fasormatoriallon In spoziollon Vorwaschprozossen and subsequent drying is economically unroiovant.

Object of the invention

The aim of the invention is to produce worm-daeming fiber molded parts of any spatial geometry based on mineral fibers and / or ceramic fibers as well as a matched inorganic-organic compound combination and optionally inorganic filler additive via wet-topical boron, mixing and dewatering techniques, in particular vacuum suction molding methods, which are opposite known ancestors after the drying process eino increased rigidity, hardness, Gofügofestigkolt, handling strength and improved mechanical Nachbearbeitungsmöglichkeit own. In this case, a formaldohydfreies binder system angewendot compared to known methods. The object of the invention is further to enable processing of lubricants for mineral fibers and / or ceramic fibers. Thus, compared to known solutions previously required high equipment and energy expenses for subsequent thermal removal of procedurally necessary in the fiber formation process Gleitmittelzugaben, especially based on temperature-resistant lubricating oils, brought into abolition. As a result, enormous amounts of electrical energy and Arbeitszeitaufwondungen be saved as previously required further treatment of fiber fiber for wet vacuum vacuum suction molding, Also resulting in the thermal treatment process of Gleitölausbrennens negative initial embrittlement phenomena in the fiber material with the associated elasticity losses are avoided, which require a stronger susceptibility to breakage in wet processes and can negatively affect the physical end product properties. The present invention produced three-dimensional heat-insulating fiber moldings should have a homogeneous distribution of strength and hardness over the entire molding cross-section, so that on the basis of this structural texture a good, clean mechanical post-processing with woodworking techniques and machines is possible. Thus, the production of individual, complicated molded fiber parts that are not directly produced by wet technology, by targeted reworking of the manufacturable with the invention of starting material, such as cutting, sawing, grinding, turning, drilling and milling, feasible. The desired stiffness, hardness, structural strength and reworkability should be influenced by the amount of organic and inorganic binder used. The fiber moldings produced by the invention are said to have a homogenous structural strength and cross-sectional distribution of the inorganic high-temperature binder desired by the users after the initial thermal stress and are characterized by low bulk density, thermal conductivity, heat storage capacity and good resistance to thermal shock, chemical resistance and direct flame resistance.

Another object of the invention is that the composition of the aqueous, slightly alkaline pulp suspension is selected by means of special binders and auxiliaries combinations that over known methods higher drainage rates and wall thicknesses, improved retention of the solids and binders used and a lower environmental impact of achieved in Naßformgebungsprozess process Filtratsabwässer is achieved, whereby the total production costs can be lowered and the requirements of material economy and environmental protection is met.

The resulting in the process according to the invention, ecologically low polluted production wastewater should be characterized by lower demands on wastewater treatment processes to discharge into the receiving water and, where appropriate, their elimination and thus simultaneously provide the possibility of direct partial process water recirculation. Production waste produced can be returned to the process without any ecological difficulties. Compared to known wet-technical shaping method is achieved by the operation of the method according to the invention in a slightly alkaline range, a reduction of corrosion phenomena on the parts and mold parts moldings, whereby the maintenance and equipment costs can be reduced. Des v / eiteren the aim of the invention is concerned by suitable gentle suspending and mixing devices and the processing gleilölbehofteter Mir. oral and ceramic fibers also to allow and perform a gentle mixture offset and stocking the pulp suspensions. As raw fibers, amorphous rock and slag fibers of the system CaO-Al ₂ O ₃ -SiO ₂ -MgO-Fe ₂ O ₃ , ceramic fibers of the system Al ₂ O ₃ -SiO ₂ , such as amorphous aluminum silicate fibers, polycrystalline mullite or alumina fibers and amorphous chromrnodifizierte Aluminum silicate fibers or amorphous aluminum silicate zirconium fibers are used individually or as appropriate mixed fiber combinations for different application limit temperatures.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

The invention has for its object to produce heat-insulating fiber molded parts of any spatial geometry based on mineral fibers and / or ceramic fibers with increased rigidity, hardness, structural and handling strength, which further a good, clean and dimensionally accurate mechanical Nachbearbeitungsmöglichkeit for economic production wet-tech not directly moldable, have particularly complicated molded fiber molded parts.

Dor further is the invention underlying the task, clio preparation gleitmittolbohaftotor mineral fibers and / or Koramikfasern ormöglichen, whereby high equipment and enorgetlscho expenses for subsequent Ausbrennender required in Faserblldungsprozoss Qloltmlttolzugabon werdon not need to werdon to dlo fibers so gooignet for the naßtechnischo processing do. Thus, the insensitivity is not adversely affected in its elastic behavior.

Eino further invention of the underlying liogendo task bostoht therein that the reluctance dor solids and binder used and the ecological quality dor in the Naßformgebungsprozess ontstohonden Filtratsabwässer is greatly improved. Also, higher Entwässorungsgoschwindigkoiten and wall thicknesses are to be achieved. Improved homogeneity and hardness of the Gesemtgefügotoxture of the fiber moldings have been achieved in comparison with the known processes. After the theoretical first-time beating, a homogeneous inorganic bond desired by the users should be present over the cross-section of the fiber moldings. Furthermore, the invention is based on the object of proposing gooignoto methods and devices for suspending the inorganic fiber. Also bostoht the object of the invention is to propose suitable methods and devices for Schononden offset mixture and storage of the pulp suspensions sowio for improved vacuum Saugformgobung.

As raw fibers, the following inorganic fibers may be used individually or in correspondingly matched mixtures:

amorphous mineral fibers, such as slag and Gestoinsfasörn (Chemism: 25 to 50 wt .-% SiO ₂ , 3 to 20 wt .-% Al ₂ O ₃ , 10 to 45 wt .-% CaO, 3 to 18Gow .-% MgO, 6 to 13Gew % FeO + Fe ₂ O ₃ ) refractory ceramic fibers, such as amorphous aluminosilicate fibers

(KT 1250 "C: 43 to 52% by weight Al ₂ O ₃ , 47 to 55% by weight SiO ₂ ; KT 140O ⁰ C: 53 to 65% by weight Al ₂ O ₂ , 35 to 45% by weight SiO ₂ )

amorphous chromium oxide modified aluminosilicate fibers

(KT 140O ⁰ C: 41 to 48 wt .-% Al ₂ O ₃ , 40 to 55Gow .-% SiO ₂ , 2.5-5Gow .-% Cr ₂ O ₃ ) amorphous aluminum silicate zirconium fibers

(KT 1400 ° C: 33 to 44% by weight Al ₂ O ₃ , 40 to 60% by weight SIO ₂ , 3.5 to 20% by weight ZrO ₂ ) or polycrystalline mullite fibers

(KT 1600 ⁰ C: 80wt .-% Al ₂ O _3, 20wt .-% SiO ₂₎

and polycrystalline alumina fibers

(KT 1600 ° C: 85 to 95 wt .-% Al ₂ O ₃ , 5 to 15 wt .-% SiO ₂ ).

The Anwondungsgrenztemperatur the Fasorformtoile according to the invention produced depends on the inorganic fiber types used and their proportions and the inorganic binders and fillers used. The method according to the invention is intended to produce thermoforming fiber-forming molds of individual design for thermal insulation problems which have densities of between 180 and 900 kg / m ³ , wall thicknesses of between 3 and 150 mm and an ignition loss of between 4 and 17% by weight. The parts which can be produced according to the invention are intended to be posthardened for use adaptation and to be stabilisiorbar and completely homogeneously bound inorganically by a preliminary firing. The method and the devices for producing heat-insulating fiber molded parts is described as follows: According to the invention, this object is achieved in that in a first process step, the inorganic mineral fibers and / or refractory ceramic fibers suitably dry mechanical or hydromechanical processed and in the carrier liquid water at temperatures of 15 to 35 ⁰ C by means of suitable Suspendierv.erfahren and devices are suspended in the pH range from 6.5 to 8.5.

The dry-mechanical preparation of the amorphous raw fiber material with strand character takes place by means of cutting granulators, hammer, baffle, punching or cutting roller and spiked roller mills or vortex mixers to fiber lengths of 0.5 to 30mm, in particular 2 to 20mm. Short staple fibers allow good suspension as well as higher fabric density approaches. The amorphous fibers produced from the siliceous melt flow by means of a Zerblasverfahren by means of steam or compressed air usually have lubricant additives up to max. 0,8Gew .-%. These are various lubricants, in particular temperature-resistant, water-insoluble mineral lubricating oil distillates or raffinates, water-soluble aqueous emulsions of mineral oil raffinates in combination with nonionic or anionic emulsifiers and synthetic mineral oil-free lubricants. The latter can be washed out well in the suspending process, with non-ionic higher molecular weight alkyl polyglycol ethers, fatty acid polyglycol esters and polyethylene glycol or combinations thereof being advantageously usable. As water-soluble emulsions paraffin, ester or mineral oils with nonionic or anionic emulsifiers and combinations thereof are applicable. For direct suspending with temperature-resistant Mineralschmieröldestillaten- or -raffina'.sn coated raw fibers are hydrophobic hydro-pulper useful content of 0.11 to 4.6 m ³ with vertical rotor shafts, particularly advantageously Entstippungsturbolöser which high due to strong mechanical action hydraulic turbulence and inner fabric friction between the specific trained Zerfaserungsrotor, baffles and flow edges simultaneously cause pulp dissolution and crushing. Conveniently, the Rohfasereinführugn a Zerreißgarnitur. The suspension of this raw fiber material with fiber lengths up to about 250mm and strands character is carried out at a consistency of 2.5 to 8%, in particular 3 to 5%, in water, with advantageously 20 to 50% of the usable Hydrostofflöserbetriebsvolumens be used. For a high hydraulic shear force effect for Einsuspendierung and shortening the fiber length rotors of the sprinkling Rotorof the defibration rotor from 500 to 3000U / min, in particular 570 to 1650U / min applied. Depending on the pulp, lubricating oil coating and consistency as well as the desired fiber state, the suspending time is 3 to 30 minutes. After completion of suspension, if necessary, a second addition of water with further rotor running, the setting of the required Ableerstoffdichte, the suspension removal advantageously via a arranged around or under the Zerfaserungsrotor, perforated Ringsiebblech the hole diameter 8 to 15mm can be done. Optionally, the complete separation of remaining fiber bundles can take place in a downstream deflaker by means of hydraulic impact action and fabric friction before being conveyed directly into a storage container or in the mixing containers by means of a sealant pump or gravity drain. If a further shortening of the fiber length is nevertheless necessary, the directed reduction takes place in

oinom dom Pulp odor or in particular dom Reservoir nachguschaltoton Koyol · odor Schoibonrofinor bozlohungswolso Suporfinor dor Drohzahlon 900 to 1600U / mln In Stoffdlchtoborolch 2 to 6%, is then passed in the Vorrots odor mixing vessel. The Mahlumtrlob übor don reservoir and don refiner odor suporfinor is zoltmößig accordingly -dor the desired fiber length performed, for oxtrom homogono Fosorformtollo fiber length of 0.05 to 1.5 mm orfordorllch are.

An advantageous feature is that gogenüber dor sole prewound blown Aluminlumsilikatfnsorn to achieve höheror malleable wall thicknesses mixture of amorphon goblasonon and goschloudorten Aluminiumiumsilikntfasorn and / or aluminum silicate Zirkonfasorn in the ratio 1: 1 to 1: 4 gewondot gewondot. Insbosondoro for thick-walled fibrous articles with low bulk density) wordon schlouderto aluminum silicate fiber and / or gouda dope or goblasono aluminum aluminosilicate zircon fiber with increased fiber permittivity and fiber length from 40 to 150mm, with a high consistency of 3% to ma /. 7% can be achieved at the same time as precursor segregation. For specific applications, mixes of dry or hydromechanically comminuted and unzorkloinorton raw materials in a ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 4 are possible, the application ratio of which depends on the desired microstructure and bulk density.

An advantageous feature of the solution according to the invention is that in the first Verfahronsstufe the Faserstoffsuspendiorung Suspondiordotergonzion in the ratio 0 to 3.5Gew .-%, in particular 0.05 to 0.98Gow .-%, based on the Fasoroinsatz wordon used to the Elnsuspondieren the hydrophobic fibers to facilitate substantially. In particular, in the proposed method anionogono neutral to weakly alkaline detergents with hydrophilieronden properties are applicable, such as colloidal SiO; in the form of an aqueous hydrophilic soldispersion which simultaneously serves in the following as an inorganic binder, or detergents from the group of the salts of true sulfur esters (alkyl sulfates, alkylpolyglycol ether sulfate), salts of genuine sulfonic acids (alkyl sulfonates, alkyl monosulfonate, alkylaryl sulfonates, hydroxyalkyl sulfonates, petrol sulfonates, paraffin sulfonates) and fatty alcohol sulfonates and sulfated polyglycol ethers (alkyl polyglycol ethers), individually or as appropriate combinations. Also, nonionic detergents such as polyglycol ethers and derivatives (fatty alcohol polyglycol ether, fatty acid polyglycol ether, alkyl polyglycol ether, alkylphenol polyglycol ether) are advantageously usable. The above-mentioned detergents can advantageously be applied already during the manufacturing process of the fiber material below its calcining temperature as a spray-on mixture with a partial antistatic effect and advantageously in conjunction with water-soluble, temperature-resistant fixior chemicals, wherein a simultaneous action as a lubricant is possible. Also, the addition may be in the form of a spray-on mixture during the dry comminution process or directly to the suspending process of the fibrous material. Advantageously, a device according to FIG. 1 can be used for the gentle suspension of raw fibrous material, in particular lubricating oil-loaded fibers in a given water volume of 20 to 40% of the useful volume or simultaneously with water up to this filling volume in the substance density range of 3.5 to 10% during a suspendiorzeit from 3 to 15 minutes are fully wetted and Einsuspondiert before, depending on requirements, a further addition of water to 55 to 90% of the useful volume with simultaneous further suspension takes place for fiber separation. The entire suspension time for lubricating oil-rich fibers is between 10 and 30 minutes, with fibers wetted with washable lubricants being able to be suspended between 55 and 90% of the useful container volume between 5 and 15 minutes. The solids content of the Faserstoffsusponslon is zwischon 1.5 to 7Gow .-%, in particular 3 to 4.5Gew .-%. For the wet-technical shaping of the heat-insulating London fiber molded parts, in particular by means of vacuum suction molding method, the presence of a suitable Fasernstoffsusponsion with coordinated inorganic / organic binder systems and optionally fillers is necessary. In the proposed method, the suspension and dispersion or application dilution of the binders used according to the invention and inorganic filler additives are suitably carried out as a precursor to this pulp suspension in a second separate process step parallel to the previously described fiber scavenging, where appropriate 0.1 to 10% by weight suspensions or dispersions are produced. The separate approach tanks are equipped with suitable circulation elements, such as propeller mixers, turbo-rotor disks and pneumatic mixers. According to the invention, colloidal silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide or zirconium dioxide and optionally their corresponding combination are used as the inorganic high-temperature binder, the introduction taking place in the form of an aqueous, alkaline-earth, anionogenic hydrosol having solids contents of from 10 to 40% by weight. These aqueous colloidal dispersions consist of uncrosslinked, spherical anionogenically charged, superficially hydroxylated amorphous oxide particles with particle sizes of 5 to 24 nm. The specific surface areas of these oxide hydrosols are between 130 and 42 μgVg, in particular 150 to 23 μgVg. Especially aqueous anionogenic silica hydrosols are employed, the ₄ ⁺ or Al are ³⁺ stabilized due to the addition of alkali, sodium, ammonium or aluminum hydroxide by small additive additions of stabilizing ions, such as Na ^+, K ^+, NH (characteristic: 8 to 40 wt. -% SiO ₂ ; pH 8.4 to 10; particle size 5 to 24nm; specific surface area 125 to 42 OmVg; viscosity 5 to 35mPas; molar ratio SiO ₂ / Na ₂ O 50 to 300; density 1.2 to 1.3g / cm ³ ). For high-quality fibers of KT 1400 to 1600 ° C find particularly ammonium-stabilized hydrosols application. Before adding to the mixing process, application dilution with fresh water to solids contents of 10 to 20% by weight can be advantageously used.

The following substances can advantageously be used in the process according to the invention as fire-resistant and free-flowing fine-ground inorganic fillers:

Comminuted and micronized secondary ceramic materials, such as calcium silicate, refractory, porcelain, abrasive, chamotte, chrome and percolate burglar, or production pulp of fiber pulp production and shot fractions of ceramic fiber; refractory oxides and oxide-ceramic compounds, such as SiO ₂ , ZO ₂ , MgO, Cr ₂ Qa, calcined-platelike or molten Al ₂ O ₃ , spinel (MgO Al ₂ O ₃ ), forsterite (2 MgO · SiO ₂ ), chromite ( FeO · Cr ₂ O ₃ ), hercynite (FeO · Al ₂ O ₃ ), cordierite (2MgO · 2Al ₂ O ₃ · 5SiO ₂ ), silimanite (Al ₂ O ₃ · SiO ₂ ), mullite (3AI ₂ O ₃ · 2SiO ₂ ), wollastonite (CaO SiO ₂ ); calcined clays, kaolins and bauxites; colloidal bentonite; Alumina compounds such as aluminum hydroxide (Al (OH) ₃ ), aluminum titanate (Al ₂ O ₃ .TiO ₂ ) and aluminum borate (9Al ₂ O ₃ 2 B ₂ O ₃ ); Opacifiers against IR radiation, such as MnO, TiO ₂ , SiC, Si ₃ N ₄ , FeTiO ₃ ; Sulfates, such as BaSO ₄ and MgSO ₄ .

The gonannton fillers may have been used as mixtures of zwolon odor mohroron in the ratio of 0 to max., 30% by weight, and 5% to 16% by weight of boron added to boron of inorganic oligo onion. Dabol are to be used in Folnstgomahlonor form in the Korngrößonborolch 0.001 to 0.25 mm, Insbosondoro 0.02 to 0.1 mm, which is oin reinforced Absotzon In dor Fosorstoffsusponsion vormlodon, Dio filler dionon as Verdichtungsmittol, Wärmorofloktionsstrahlungsubststanz to Increasing the resistance gogon mechanical stress and liquid motallkontakt.

As a result of silicatchomischor reactions in Hochtomporaturborolch with dom inorganic colloidal Oxidbindomittol it comes to the formation of a festlgkoitsorhöhendon Bindomatrix in Fasorworkstoff. Maximum is 5Gow .-% fein gomnhlenor production waste dor Fasorformtollproduktion, based on the inorganic Fasoroinsatz, elsotzbar. Dio fillers are pre-orbitally dispersed in concentrations of between 1 and 15% by weight of ingoeignoton containers, whereby gobobononfolls are also possible as a direct additive in the fiber-spheroid process.

Erfiridungsgomäß is in the present Vorfahron oino tuned dualo inorganic / organic Bindomittoikomblnation based on anlonogonon wößrigon kolloldalon Oxldhydrosolos dos SiOj, AIjO ₃ or ZrOj boziohungswoise whose combinations, and a quaternary ammonium starch with nitrogen fgolmlton of 0.18 to 0.78%, in particular 0, 22 to 0.40%, and oinos substitution grados of 0.02 to 0.10 mol / mol, insbosondoro 0.025 to 0.048 mol / mol applied. In particular, qu. Tornäre Ammonlumolkyläther the potato, malt or rye starch for use. The quaternary ammonium starch ethers according to the invention, as wet process auxiliary and for increasing dorstolfigkoit, hori, gofgofostigkoit and mechanical afterburning activity, have hydrogenated ammonium quaternary ammonium moiety in the starch molecule introduced by reactions with specific active agent routes. For example, by Roaction of Epichlorhydrln (C ₃ H ₆ C 10) with tortiäron amines, wio triethylamine ((C ₂ H ₆ I ₃ N) or trimethylamine ((CH ₃ I ₃ N) or trimethyl ammonium chloride or triethyl ammonium chloride, reagents produced in Crude Action with Hydroxyl Groups of Starch, Quaternary Ammonium Groups Introduce into the starch molecule with the compound being via the chlorohydrin moiety, as well as direct reactions with solid or liquid reagent reagents based on quaternary halo-hydroxypropyl or epoxypropyl ammonium salt compounds which are a 2,3-epoxypropyl or nine 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl group may be present Dabol are solcho specific drug reagents applicable, such as:

3-chloro-2-Hydroxypropyltfimethylammoniumchlorid (CiH ₁₆ CIjNO] or

3-Chloro-2-Hydroxypropyltriäthylammonlumchlorid (C ₈ HjiCljNO] or

2,3-Epoxypropyltriäthylammoniumchlorid [C _s HjoClNO) or

2,3-epoxypropyl - (= glycidyl =) trimethylammonium chloride [CH ₁₄ CINO]

By reaction reactions of potato, rye, malt or Woizenstärke with these specific Wirkstoffreagonzien under specific process conditions in the presence of an alkaline catalyst according to the invention, in particular applicable quaternary Ammoni Jtnalkylstärkeäther of 2-hydroxypropyl-3-triethylammonium chloride or 2-hydroxypropyl-3-trimethylammonium chloride :

StUrICe-O-CH ₂ -CH-CH ₂ -NR / Cl OH

where R as substituent on the quaternary N atom is in each case an alkyl radical C _n H _2n +), such as methyl: CH ₃ or ethyl: C ₂ H ₆ . The actual structural formula of the quaternary Ammoniumalkylstärkeäthers, based on the anhydroglucose unit as the basic building block of the starch, is approximately as follows:

tl

The quaternary Ammoniumalkylstärkeäther used according to the invention are used as dilute solutions in the proposed .'erfahren, in particular 0.5 to 3.0% solutions find application. Basically Kaltwasserlöbi'he source starch ether or hot water soluble Kochstärkeäther be applied, which require different treatment steps. For the batch pulp molding process, the batch starch ethers are used.

In vorgelleisterten, cold water soluble quaternary Ammonlumstärkeäthern in semolina or flake form advantageously a device according to Figure 3 is used as a two-stage system of dissolving and storage tanks made of stainless steel. The release device consists of an open dissolving container 29 in a rectangular design of the same length and width and an advantageously non-center, obliquely mounted screw stirrer 33 with three or four twisted salaried wings with a stirrer diameter of 150 to 200mm, the installation ratios of the screw stirrer 20 to 28% of the total utility and 30 to 42% of the container width and the useful volume can be between 1 to 2.2m ³ . The stirring shaft 32 is driven by a powerful stirring motor, wherein the stirring speed of 600 to 1300 rpm can be advantageously adapted to the viscosity of the stock solution when using a geared motor.

This dissolving tank design allows for high turbulence flow avoiding dead corners due to inextricable eddies, thus allowing the solution to constantly move well. In a first dissolution stage, a concentrated stock solution solution concentration of 3.0 to 10% by weight is prepared by rapidly and continuously dispersing the dry particulate particles in cold, germ-free fresh water, with vigorous stirring, paying attention to complete, uniform collection. The solution time for complete dissolution in 20 to 25 ⁰ C warm water is about 20 to 30min, with a solution time acceleration and the dissolution of any lumps formed by brief increase in temperature of the solution to max. 50 ° C is possible. For the addition to the pulp suspension, a further dilution of the stock solution to an application concentration of 0.5 to 3% by weight, advantageously 0.5 to 1.5% by weight solution, is to be carried out for a process-required viscosity reduction in a second stage. The application dilution is carried out with stirring in a reservoir 30,31, wherein cold germ-free fresh water, but also with a corresponding biochemical composition is suitable for return water. Production technology advantageous is the use of two storage containers according to the daily production. For a uniform starch ether dispersion, a sufficient mixing time with the dilution water is required. After dissolving and storage container advantageously a sieve 35 of mesh size 0.4 to 0.6 mm is used. The useful volume of the reservoir is between 2 to 5m ³ . Hot water soluble starch ether cooking products are also advantageously dissolved in two stages. In the first dissolution stage, the production of a concentrated stock solution of 3.0 to max. 15% concentration by dispersing the dry starch in presented fresh cold water or in up to 5O ⁰ C warm water with intensive stirring by means of high-speed Schraubenrührers. Subsequently, with stirring, advantageously by direct introduction of oil-free steam by means of steam hose 34 heated to 90 to 95 ° C and held at this temperature for at least 15 to 20 minutes, whereby the gelatinization takes place. Indirect heating via a jacketed vessel system is also possible, but with long hold times and lower concentrations required.

The application dilution to a 0.5 to 3% solution takes place shortly after the cooking process again in a second stage with cold or warm water with stirring in a reservoir.

The preparation of the quaternary starch ether solution must be constantly fresh again under careful control of production, since proper preparation is a prerequisite for the subsequent mixing process and shaping. There must be a gleicbrr> ^än is- distribution in the starch dispersion. The metering of the starch ether solution takes place volumetrically in the third process step via metering pumps 36, wherein a certain surface metering via the mixing container is desirable. The interference must be sufficiently good, avoiding high hydrodynamic shearing forces with impermissible turbulence.

For good corrosion resistance, the dissolving and storage tanks are made of stainless steel. To avoid loss of activity, pH changes and bacterial infestation of the following pipelines and plants bactericidal preservative can be advantageously applied, which also results in an increased layer stability and favors the circulation of the filtrate.

Suitable preservatives against microbial attack and degradation with respect to the starch dietetic weight. From 0.05% to 0.5% by weight of parachlorometacresol, sodium pentachlorophenolate, O-phenylphosphonate, sodium benzoate, calcium hypochlorite, potassium sorbate, hydroxybonosoic acid ester, p-hydroxybenzoic acid ethyl ester or paraboluene sulfonatrium chlorodiamium. Optionally, 0.4 to 0.5% of formaldehyde are applicable. The storage temperatures of the starch ether solutions should not exceed 20 to 25 ⁰ C. The tanks, piping and fittings of the starch ether treatment equipment as well as the mixing and shaping equipment are to be rinsed regularly with dilute solutions (0.1 to 1%) of preservatives or oxidizing agents, such as sodium hypochlorite, for disinfecting and removing bacterial and fungal cultures. Another advantage is a flushing with warm water of 35 to 65 ⁰ C for dissolving micro-stoves.

Optionally, there may be an overdose of the quaternary ammonium starch ether in various blending mixtures and for a desired increased strength, stiffness and hardness of the fiber molded article. To avoid this overdose and elimination of starch ether in the wastewater associated with increased CSV and BSB ₆ values according to the invention in the present process subsequently an anionogeno electrolyte component, in particular based on polyacrylamide (CH ₂ = CH-CO-NH ₂ ), subsequently to Precipitation of over-senorious starch ether added to fibers and fillers, whereby optimal use retention and molding strength is achieved. The use of anionogenic polyacrylamide is 0 to max. 2.5% by weight, in particular 0.05 to 0.8% by weight, based on the quaternary ammonium starch ether use and 0 to 0.7% by weight, based on the fiber and filler used. The anionic polyacrylamide is introduced as a 0.01 to 1% solution, in particular 0.05 to 0.1% strength. The addition takes place as completion of the mixing process or in particular in Gießsaugprozschaft shortly before shaping with gentle stirring, with at least mixing times of 20 to 80sec. required are.

Suitable products for the introduction of the PAA are anionogenic aqueous solutions of high molecular weight polymers based on polyacrylamide. The inventively applicable dual system of quaternary starch ether and anionogenic polyacrylamide results in a very good restraint of the raw materials and auxiliaries used as well as increased strength, rigidity and hardness of the fiber moldings.

A reduction of the overdose of the quaternary ammonium starch ether is optionally also by addition of electrolytes of anionic sodium aluminate (NaAIO ₂ ) in a weight ratio 0 to 1.0 wt .-%, in particular 0.1 to 0.5Gew .-%, based on the strength ether use possible, the NaAIO ₂ in 0.5 to 5% solution concentration is metered as the last mixture component.

Another advantageous feature of the present inventive method is that for even better restraint of the starting materials, deformation stability of Naßformlinges, ecological wastewater quality and structural strength of the fiber moldings, proportions of anionic carboxymethylcellulose technical, plastic dispersions of anionic polyvinyl acetate or polyacrylate and nonionic hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol, individually or in combinations in a weight ratio of 0 to 3.0% by weight of solid, in particular 0.3 to 1.5% by weight, based on the use of fibers and fillers. When technical CMC (Na salts of CMC) 0.05 to 3% solutions are used, which are prepared by direct dissolution in cold fresh water or advantageously 70 to 8O ⁰ C warm water with intensive stirring in the period 10 to 20 min. Polyvinyl acetate, in particular vinyl acetate homopolymers, are introduced as aqueous colloidal copolymeric vinyl acetate dispersions having 37 to 60% solids content, which are then diluted to 0.05 to 4% solutions. Polyacrylates are copolymers of acrylic compounds such as acrylate terpolymer, acrylic ester terpolymer, which are present inform aqueous anionic colloid dispersions having 40 to 50% solids content and are used dilution to 0.05 to 4% solutions. Polyvinyl alcohol, as a saponification product of polyvinyl acetate having a degree of polymerization of 45 to 55, is introduced as a 0.05 to 4% aqueous colloidal solution by swirling the optionally alcohol wetted PVA in cold water, swelling and advantageous heating to 70 to 90 ⁰ C below continuous stirring is produced.

All the above-mentioned strongly diluted aqueous solutions are gently mixed as the last constituent in the pulp suspensions by means of slow-moving stirrers. About species-specific polar groups of these aids a positive crosslinking is achieved at the adhesion points in the structure of the fiber material, whereby increased strength, homogeneity and mechanical reworkability is given for the preparation of complicated geometries.

Optionally, the use of 0 to 0.8Gew .-%, in particular 0.005 to 0.2Gew .-%, of a Schaumverhütungs- or foam control agent to avoid a disturbing foam formation in the cited Fasersuspendier-, dispersing and mixing processes due to the action of surfactants be necessary on the Füllmittel- and fiber use. Suitable nonionic or anionogenic substances are triphosphoric acid-n-butyl esters, fatty alcohols, fatty acid esters, monohydric and polyhydric alcohols, fatty acid amides, polyethers, polyglycol ethers, polyglycol esters, polyglycol fatty acid, fatty acids, fatty acid salts, tributyl phosphate, alkylsulfoamides, petroleum, turpentine and paraffin emulsions and silicones such as polyorganosiloxanes. In the case of foams, dilute spraying solutions up to 0.1% are used. However, the introduction of anti-foaming agents is already possible preventively in Fasersuspendierprozeß.

In particular, for improved wet vacuum vacuum forming of deficient shaped three-dimensional fiber moldings, the use of from 0 to 5.5 weight percent of organic fiber materials relative to the inorganic fiber feed may be advantageous. As the forming process aid in the pulp suspension, cellulose, polyacrylic, viscose, cellulose acetate, polyamide, waste paper or cotton sintered fibers may be used, with their fiber length being 0.2 to 30 mm. Likewise, special ceramic fiber blends of dry-shredded slippery raw fiber and uncrushed slippery raw fiber to increase the mouldable wall thickness are possible. Mixtures of comminuted lubricated blown and spun amorphous aluminum silicate fibers in a ratio of 1: 0.2 to 2, which is due to the larger fiber diameter of the spun ceramic fibers, also have a positive effect on the formable wall thickness. In particular, for heavily thick-walled fiber moldings only hurled long lubricant-free aluminum silicate fibers and centrifuged or blown long lubricant-free or water-soluble lubricants aluminum silicate zirconium fibers of 4 to 18μηι fiber diameter and the fiber lengths 30 to 150mm suitable, which are to be suspended gently in the apparatus of Figure 1.

In the third process step of the process according to the invention, the homogeneous mixture preparation of the special fiber-material suspension is carried out with a coordinated bleaching-agent system, suitable devices being used. The mixing process, in particular in the device according to the invention of FIG. 1, is characterized by the following procedure of the order of entry:

a) input of the prepared in the first process step pulp suspension, unless the mixing device serves as a suspending device for pre-shredded raw fiber material.

b) addition of the filler additives, in particular in dispersed form, with intensive mixing in the period 1 to 10 minutes, in particular 5 minutes.

c) metered addition of the measured aqueous, colloidal anionogenic Oxidhydrosolmenge with 10 to 30Gew .-% solids concentrations with intensive mixing in the period 2 to 10min, especially 5min.

d) addition of the measured, aqueous, colloidal quaternary ammonium starch ether solution with 0.5 to 3 wt .-% solids concentration with intensive mixing in the period 2 to 10 min, in particular 5min.

e) Optionally, metered addition of the measured aqueous anionic 0.01 to 1% polyacrylamide solution, 0.05 to 4% sodium aluminate, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl acetate or polyacrylate or nonionic polyvinyl alcohol solution, individually or in appropriate combinations with gentle mixing in the period 0.3 up to 3min, especially 1 to 1.5min.

f) Optionally adjusting the emptying density for the Naßformgebung, especially under Filtratrückwasserverwendung and gentle mixing.

The produced Fasorstof fsuspension invention has a solids density of 0.1 to 7 wt .-%, in particular 0.5 to 4 wt .-%, temperature of 15 to 35 ° C, a slightly alkaline pH of 6.5 to 10 , in particular 7.5 to 9.0, wherein the mixture based on the total solids content consists of the following constituents: 48 to 92 wt .-% of inorganic fibers such as mineral fibers and / or ceramic fibers, individually or as appropriate

Combinations, with fiber lengths of 0.5 to 30 mm Obis 3.5Gew .-% suspending detergent based on the fiber use

0 to 21% by weight of fire-resistant or refractory inorganic fillers of the particle size range 0.005 to 0.25 mm, the use ratio being 0 to 30% by weight, in particular 5 to 15% by weight, of the fiber insert being 4.0 to 15.5 % By weight of solid colloidal SiO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ or ZrOj or combinations thereof, the starting ratio, based on the fiber and filler input, being 4.35 to 22.5% by weight, in particular 5 to 10% by weight

4.0 to 15.5% by weight of solid dry quaternary ammonium starch ether, wherein the feed ratio based on the fiber and filler input is 4.35 to 22.5% by weight, in particular 7 to 12% by weight. The solids ratio of starch ether to colloidal inorganic binder is 1 to 1.8: 1, in particular 1 to 1.1: 1. 0 to 2.5 wt .-% of solid anionic polyacrylamide or sodium aluminate based on the solid

Starch ether use 0 to 3.0 wt .-% solid carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylate or polyvinyl alcohol or their

Combination based on the fiber and filler consumption Obis 5.0% by weight oganic fiber material 0 to 0.8% by weight Antifoam and antifoaming agent based on the pulp feed.

The pulp suspension produced according to the invention should no longer be exposed to great turbulence as a result of strong stirring or pumping, with transport under the influence of gravity into the shaping device being advantageous. GegeniVjer the prior art, suitable devices are used for the batchwise fiber suspension and mixing the pulp suspension required for wet-molding and their homogeneity preservation, a largely gentle treatment of pre-shredded inorganic synthetic fibers and a good sub-mixing and fixing of the inorganic colloidal Oxidsolbindeteilchen and organic Stärkeätherbinder and other organic auxiliaries and inorganic fillers. The offset-related mixtures should be preserved as far as possible and should not be divided again by high hydrodynamic shear forces.

According to the invention this object is achieved in that takes place in a special simple and space-saving mixing device according to Figure 1, the gentle suspension of the pre-shredded fiber material and then the corresponding offset mixture and storage takes place. At the same time, this device is suitable as a storage container for vacuum Tauchsaugformgebungseinrichtungen. Based on the schematic representation of Figure 1, the various items are explained.

The device according to the invention consists of a parallelepiped running mixing container 1, the bottom 6 is rectangular flat and formed substantially horizontally. In the middle of this mixing and storage tank, a drain opening 7 with shut-off valve 8 is arranged, via which the suspension flows off as a result of the action of gravity. The inventive parts of the device used are two angularly offset in the container broad sides opposite the container bottom region horizontal circulation and Mischrührwerke 2 and 3. The actual Urnwälzorgan is in each case mounted on a horizontal agitator shaft 2 Schraubenrührer 3 with three to four twisted wings employed. The rotational speed is steplessly controlled by a gear motor 4, wherein the drive control via a transmission system 5, such as a belt pulley or gear transmission or a sprocket engaged chain takes place. Due to the variable adjustment of the encapsulated geared motor 4 (torque converter), an adaptation of the stirring speed of the screw stirrer depending on the offset and fabric density of the pulp suspension and fiber molding range is possible. The possible speed of the agitator shaft 2 is between 200 to 1000U / min, in particular 400 to 750U / min. About a suitable shaft seal (cloth book packings) of the agitator shaft 2, a sealing of the stirred tank is achieved. In addition, if necessary, a pneumatic circulation system 10 consisting of Einblasleitung 12 in sheet-like design with distributed injection nozzles 11 on flexible

the container bottom from the inside can be introduced or with injection nozzles 11 through the container bottom from below attachable, which can optionally be acted upon in separate sections. The stationary container design with fixed Umwälzsystom 10 in the container bottom 6 of Figure 1 is also possible

 Both mixing systems are independent of each other.

The operating principle of this device according to the invention consists in the formation of a gentle, uniform, spatially intensive Gofäßströmung. The resulting circulating vortex flow has sufficiently high turbulence for hydromechanical suspension of the inorganic fibers, for lubricious fibers in pre-shredded form, and allows fiber bundle disassembly and good subsequent batch mixing and stocking. The aerodynamic installation dor screw agitators in the rectangular Rührbohältor causes a flow of material from the edge and corner zones in the center of the container and from there down and directly back from the walls upwards. The strong velocity gradient on the wall provides a total spatial flow without dead angles with associated all-round homogenization.

Optionally additional compressed air injection via the nozzle system of the pneumatic circulation system 10 can enhance pulp suspension and separation as well as offset mixing without the high shear forces being effective.

By means of the device according to the invention, the suspension of lubricious mineral and ceramic fibers is possible over other known methods, wherein in a lubricant coating by mineral oils an amount up to max. In terms of process technology, when suspending such fibers, a supply quantity of the suspending water in the device according to the invention of from 20 to 40%, in particular from 25 to 35%, of the useful volume is not to be exceeded sufficient wetting and suspension can be achieved, after which the further dilution and suspension can be carried out.

The described erfindi'ngsgemäße device can be used as approach and reservoir and as a working container of a vacuum suction vacuum forming machine. When used as a working container of the stirring is interrupted or greatly reduced at the beginning of the Ansaugformgebung after retraction of Tauchsaugform and continued after completion again.

The physical stability of the suspension is sufficiently given. Likewise, in the extended container design with pneumatic injection system, any pneumatic whirling that may be activated is interrupted during the shaping process.

The suspension containers are preferably made of stainless steel. The screw stirrers can have diameters between 100 to 220 mm, in particular 150 to 200 mm, wherein the agitator speed can be between 200 and 1000 U / min, in particular between 400 and 750 U / min. In the rhythm of the intake process, the respectively removed pulp suspension is manually or automatically returned to the working container. The re-dosing can be done for example via a probe (Druckmeßwägesonde) by means of electronic converter and control of an electrovalve or a level control, the nominal diameter of Dosierrohrleitung the container arranged above are between 130 to 200 mm. In a fourth process step, the actual wet-technical shaping of the fiber moldings takes place by means of known techniques. In particular, the removal of the carrier liquid takes place by means of vacuum induced draft. The good structural texture developed by the vacuum suction molding process results in high mechanical stability of the parts. In this case, the Naßformlingsscherbenbildung can be done by vacuuming or Gießstellensaugen. Also, for wet forming other hydrostatic or pneumatic means based molding techniques have been used. As an extension of the known vacuum forming technique, an expanded vacuum system according to FIG. 2 is proposed, the system structure of which provides sufficient capacity and variability for the vacuum suction forming process as well as the dry suction process.

It is proposed a zweibehältriges vacuum buffer system, which is connected by large-sized pipe network 23 with each other and the actual shaping device out. The two actual vertical vacuum buffer boilers 13 and 14 with 2 to 8m ³ nominal volume allow separate separation of the resulting Filtratabwässer in vacuum Filtratabscheidebehälter 13 and vacuum control in the actual Saugzugregelbehälter 14 via control gauge 21 and possibly phased startup of the two or three possible vacuum pumps 15,16 and 17. Alternatively, it is possible to operate at desired constant vacuum ratios via a sniffer valve 18 or 19 in the vacuum filtrate separation tank 13 or induced draft control tank 14, the vacuum pumps 15 to 17 being operated depending on the desired suction volume flow. The adjustment of the sniffer valve 18, 19 is made on the basis of a vacuum gauge. Dry-running, air-cooled rotary vacuum pumps or liquid-ring vacuum compressors can be used as vacuum pumps, with a check valve being advantageously integrated in each case before that. The emptying of the Filtratabscheidebehälters 13 takes place in particular via level control against applied vacuum via a special pump 27 in the drain 28 and in the wastewater treatment plant or the recycling tank 26 in circulatory water operation. By means of this proposed device, the advantageous regulation of the vacuum suction and thus the effective pressure difference as a driving force of the process in the vacuum-Tauchsaugeinrichtung 25 and the vacuum-Gießsaugkasten 24 is possible. Depending on the fiber molding range, an article-specific suction capacity can be set with the appropriate vacuum. The drainage can be carried out with a constant or increasing vacuum or suction power, which can be counteracted resulting density drop in the building up baby due to the increase of the hydraulic filter resistance. By this mode of operation, particularly in the case of thick-walled shaped fiber parts, high density fluctuations over the shaped part cross section can advantageously be minimized and avoided. The desired structural properties of the moldings are advantageously influenced by varying the vacuum and pumping speed with the proposed device of a vacuum system. The operating vacuum of the system can be between 20 and 85 kPa, in particular 47 to 8OkPa, the suction volume flow being 100 to 3000 m ³ air / h, in particular 350 to 120 ohmVh. To avoid flow losses in the vacuum piping system 23 large-sized pipelines with NW100 to 250mm are used in the piping network

 The actual suction molds for molding have mold connections for vacuum of NW25 to 140mm, in particular

30 to 51 mm, as well as mold connections for compressed air for demolding the NW5 to 35mm.

In the production of smaller Sortlmento ^v by Tauchsaugformgobung advantageously a larger number of forms are coupled on a uniform mold carrier via spacers.

Smaller Tauchsaugformen for molded fiber parts of the inner dimensions up to a maximum of 200mm χ 200mm χ 300mm are vortellhafterwaise made of pure perforated bodies with possibly required internally encircling Stützstabgittersystem from 1 to 3mm round steel.

In this case, perforated plates of thickness 0.5 to 1.2 mm and a parallel or offset round holes of 0.65 to 1.25 mm and pitch of 1.2 to 2.5 mm made of copper or brass are used, with suitable materials Cu99.7 F20 , CuZn 37, F30 and CuZn30, F28 are. The brass tops are brazed with silver brazing material or phosphorus-containing copper brazing alloy and advantageously siliconized towards the wet molding.

Shapes for the shaping of larger assortments are designed for a sufficient rigidity in the induced draft process due to the high surface sprouting of corrosion-resistant perforated plates of thickness 1 to 5mm as a support form, a parallel or offset round holes of 4 to 11 mm sOwio a division of 5, C to 15 mm and with Wsichgelötoton phosphor bronze or Tombacksiebgeweben in single bond of mesh size 0.25 to 0.45 mm are coated. Also, instead of weichgelöteten Siebgewebeüberzügen 0.5 to 1 mm thick perforated plates made of brass or copper can be used on the Stützformlochblechkörper, wherein the perforation of 0.65 to 1.25 mm and pitch 1.2 to 2.5 mm.

The perforated perforated plates have a free passage area of 35 to 63%. For a sufficient rigidity, these forms are designed internally with stiffening rib systems made of round steel or flat steel of thickness 2 to 12 mm.

Also perforated plates with rectangular holes and cloverleaf holes are suitable, which have a hole of 10mm and pitch of 14 to 16mm, which is offset or parallel.

For a better drainage of the suction molded fiber moldings, their densification and to avoid strong tolerances and surface roughness advantageously designed for babies appropriately shaped rubber or plastic moldings partially or completely under retained induced draft, put on or pushed.

At the same time certain contours are subsequently formed by this method in the wet moldings as a result of the suction effect on the rubber or plastic Formtoil, said rubber or plastic moldings may have different deformable subregions. Also, thin plastic or rubber hides or foils are applicable for better drainage.

Another advantageous feature of the process control is that before the start of each vacuum suction molding process a short, easy compressed air blown through the suction takes place, which leads to mold cleaning and improves the material accumulation. In Gießsaugkästen the compressed air blowing is low before dewatering by filter media and template water as a pneumatic final mixing before drainage beginning.

Naßgutschneid- and waste waste produced can be returned directly to the mixing process ohm Versatzbeoinflussung, which simultaneously energy savings are possible. Furthermore, there is an advantageous feature in the process-technical drying of deformation-sensitive molded parts aiii the suction mold while retaining induced draft, by appropriate trained hot air or hot steam hoods are applied, wherein the Trockungsmittelmitteltemp 'ratur is between 150 to 250 ⁰ C.

Valves, containers and lines as well as tools must be regularly rinsed with dilute solutions of oxidising agents or preservatives or warm germ-free water at 35 to 65 ° C. Before restarting, flushing with warm water is advantageous.

The demolding of Naßformlinge is made by short burst of compressed air from 350 to 70OkPa pressure and a flow rate of 30 to 500mVh the compressor system.

After the wet-technical shaping process, in particular by means of vacuum suction molding, are the Naßformlinge with residual moisture contents of 35 to 70 wt .-% before, which are converted to suitable drying aids. The drying process as the fifth process step is carried out in particular as Verdunstungskonvektionsprozeß by heating to 80 to 12O ⁰ C, in particular 100 to 11O ⁰ C, with holding times depending on the fiber molding range between 2 to 24 h, to avoid the starch ether decay beginning and the associated loss of strength in the fiber material advantageously working in fresh air mode. Drying takes place up to residual moisture contents of 0.1 to 3% by weight.

Due to the inventively proposed formulation adjustment of inorganic oxide binders and organic binders homogeneous product structures of the fiber moldings are obtained after the drying process, so that by universal mechanical finishing such as cutting, milling, drilling, grinding, turning by woodworking tools or machines and punching, the desired special shapes precise can be produced, with less dust being present than known processes.

In a sixth additional process step, the fiber molded parts produced according to the invention can be adapted to the application stresses. The pre-firing of the molded parts produced at 580 to 1400 ⁰ C, in particular 750 to 900 ° C and 2 to 24 h holding time, is used to produce homogeneously bonded inorganic fiber molded parts with stabilized oxide bond, which develop no pyrolysis gases in industrial first use.

In particular, surface hardening and impregnation of the fiber moldings by means of inorganic, temperature-resistant solidifiers can be carried out at elevated mechanical stresses. According to the invention, the use of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate (Na ₂ O.nSiOj.xH ₂ O, at least 32% solids content, molar ratio of Na ₂ OiSiO ₂ = 1 -.3 to 3.5) or silicic acid hydrosol (SiO ₂ .nH ₂ O 30% solids content) or mixtures thereof, with very finely ground inorganic filler additive in a weight ratio of solid Na ₂ O or SiO ₂ / filler such as 3 to 4/1 proposed. As fireproof or refractory fillers can be very finely ground parts of.

Al ₂ O ₃ , amorphous SiO ₂ (microsil), MgO, TiO ₂ , Cr ₂ O ₃ , ZrO ₂ , BaSO ₄ , MgSO ₄ , colloidal bentonite and ground ceramic fibers in the grain size range less than 0.15 mm. The surface hardening solution may be applied by brushing or spraying, with subsequent drying being advantageous.

However, the fiber-molded parts produced according to the invention may also be made up in commercial solutions of sodium silicate (molar ratio Na ₂ OiSiO ₂ = 1, 3 to 3.5) or silica solohydrosol having solids contents of 29 to 35% by weight or their application dilution in the Na ₂ O ratio or SiO ₂ commercial solution: water = 1: 2 to 3 soaked. After Dom Tränkbad the moist fiber moldings are placed on suitable drying aids and pre-dried between 10O to 130 ⁰ C for 2 to 10h and then advantageously afterglow at 550 to 1400 ⁰ C, in particular 750 to 900 ⁰ C, 1 to 10h to stabilize the inorganic bond. Thereafter, the material can be stored in a humid atmosphere. The application limit temperature of the impregnated with sodium silicate fiber molded parts is set at 1000 ° C. It is also possible to use 10 to 40% by weight aqueous solutions of aluminum hydrogeriphosphate, sodium hexamotaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate or monosodium, disodium or trisodium phosphate as impregnation solutions for the dried and optionally mechanically finished fiber molded parts. The impregnated fiber molded parts are then pre-dried for 1 to 5 hours at 100 to 130 ⁰ C and further post-annealed at 550 to 95O ⁰ C1 to 12 h. The above-mentioned procedure is particularly advantageous for fiber moldings for the aluminum industry, which thus have a permanently increased hardness.

If the starch ether bonded fiber moldings are exposed to wet contact prior to contact with the fire, a post-soaking with formaldehyde-free or low-strength wet strength agents, which are present as 8 to 40% solutions, is carried out according to the invention to achieve a wet stiffness and decay prevention. From 0.2% to 2.5% by weight of solid synthetic resin wet strength agent is used relative to the dry fiber molding. In addition to increased structural strength during assembly processes, this ensures the moist processing of the articles, especially in connection with hydraulic Feuorbetongießgemengen. As wet strength, it is possible to use cationogenic polyamidoamine resins, polyamide-epichlorohydrin resins, polyamide-polyamine-epichlorohydrin resins and polyethyleneimine and phosphoric acid-stabilized melamine-formaldehyde synthetic resin. The impregnated fiber moldings were then dried at 110 to 13O ⁰ C for 2 to 10 hours. By means of these wet strength agents, the starch ether-bonded structure network is advantageously protected from destructive swelling.

For special deformations and low demand, wet-molded fiber moldings, in particular in the form of sheets, packed in airtight plastic envelopes and infiltrated with 0.08 to 0.8% by weight solid preservative based on the organic solids content, directly to the universal Outline deformation, to be delivered. The infiltration with the biocidal preservative takes place during the Trockensaugprozesses the vacuum suction molding, in particular solutions of p-chloro-m-cresol, sodium pentachlorophenolate and p-Hydrooxybenzolsäureäthylester be applied.

The application of the method according to the invention and the devices makes it possible, compared with known methods, also on the basis of lubricious inorganic fibers, to arrange heat-insulating fiber molded parts with increased rigidity, hardness, structural strength and mechanical post-processing capability. Through the use of the coordinated formaldehyde-free inorganic-organic binder system, the retention of the solids used is greatly improved. The incurred in the wet-technical shaping process filtrate wastewater are ecologically low compared to known methods, which accounts for costly investments for wastewater treatment to discharge into the receiving water. Thus, at the same time a process backwater can be performed in different process steps wer-the, on average, a 1- to 12-fold recycling management is possible, whereby the specific fresh water requirement of the process is greatly reduced. The total manufacturing cost for the production of high-quality heat-insulating fiber moldings is reduced overall. The dried fiber moldings can be used by coating, impregnation and tempering processes.

The thermal load capacity of the fiber moldings depends on the inorganic fibers used and binders and fillers, wherein the fiber moldings produced by the process according to the invention are characterized in that they are made of:

69 to 92 wt .-% of inorganic fibers and fillers

From 4 to 15.5% by weight of colloidal anoanic binders such as SiO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ or ZrO ₂ 4 to 15.5% by weight of quaternary ammonium starch ether

Obis 0.4% by weight polyacrylamide, solid

0 to 2.1 wt .-% carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl acetate or polyvinyl alcohol, solid

Obis ü, 0Gew .-% organic fiber material exist.

The loss on ignition of the dried fiber molded parts which can be produced according to the invention is between 4 and a maximum of 17% by weight. By the preliminary firing of the fiber elements between 580-1400 ⁰ C totally inorganically bonded fiber moldings produced using stabilized.

embodiments

example 1

60 kg of a Zerreißgarnitur pre-plucked ceramic amorphous Aluminiumilikatzirkonfasern with 44 wt .-% Al ₂ O ₃ and 5Gew .-% ZrO ₂ and 0.3Gew .-% lubricating oil coating type hot steam cylinder oil ZH1800 be in 2000kg Wasspr the temperature 25 ⁰ C in a Hydrostofflö 'dr with 4.6 m ³ useful volume and the rotor shaft speed 80U / min suspended. After lOminütiger Suspendierdauer takes place while the Faserfaserungsrotor running suspension transport through the sorting screen of the hydrosolers with 10mm diameter and slurry pump in a mixing chest with 3m ³ useful volume, which corresponds to the device according to the invention. With constant stirring 151 of a colloidal silicic acid with

Add 30% SiO 2 go-stop and mix for 5 min. The vsrwundete silica sol has oi.io average particle size of 7-1 onm, a specific surface of 16OmVo, a pH ve η 9.6 and a molar ratio SI (VNa ₂ O of 98. Then, with continuous Schonondon stirring 925I a 0 , 63% solution of a cold water soluble quaternary Ammoniumalkylkartoffel8tärkoäthers the degree of substitution 0.04 mol / mol and nitrogen content of 0.34% was added and mixed for 3min .. The obtained 3-m ³ -Fasstoffsuspenslon with 2.31% solids content and a pH of 8, 9 was used by means of vacuum Saugentwässerung in a Gießstellonsaugoinrichtung for the discontinuous production of 10 fiber boards of the format of 500mm x 500mm x 80mm. the Filtratabwässer were used again for producing the next fiberboard. the fibreboard obtained had after Trocknon at 11O ⁰ C and 12h Oine bulk density of 345 kg / m ³ , a bending tensile strength of 1.2 MPa, a thermal conductivity of 0.27 W / mK at 1000 ⁰ C and an ignition loss of 8Gew .-%. Visually and by chemical analysis, no migration phenomena of colloidal SiO ₂ could be detected over the cross section.

The resulting fiberboards were partially post-processed to produce heater holding moldings by grinding, milling and drilling by means of a belt sander, combination milling machine and column boring machine, as original woodworking machines. After a pre-firing of the fiberboards, a homogeneously inorganically bound microstructure was obtained, whereby a bending tensile strength of 0.3 MPa was determined. The Heizelementfaserformteile obtained by post-processing were immersed in 1: 3 diluted 30% silica solution for 3 min, pre-dried for 2 h at 130 ° C and 10h preheated at 1000 ⁰ C and delivered to the consumer. In comparison to the above procedure according to the invention, a 0, '6% solution of a obtained by oxidation of native potato starch hot water-soluble starch derivative was used analogously, with a strong turbidity of the filtrates was found. The fiberboards had insufficient strength and unequal cross-section strength ratios after dom drying process. After burnout of the organic starch binder, the fiberboard showed a soft core and a slightly solidified surface layer. According to the chemical analysis, the retention of the colloidal SiO _{2 used} in the filtration process was unsatisfactory

 Table 1 demonstrates the effectiveness of the binder combinations used.

Table 1

Rating point Produced according to the invention produced Fiberboard with starch mortar Fiber board with starch derivative Chemical Analysis loss on ignition 8.0% 2.0% SiO ₂ total 51.1% 50% SiO ₂ -MiUe 51.1% 48% SiO ₂ edge 51.1% 52% Al ₂ O ₃ 36.1% 43% ZrO ₂ 4.8% 5% Trockenbiegezugfestigkeit 1,2MPa 0.15MPa Ausglühbiegezugfestigkeit 0.3 MPa - Wastewater characteristics Istik filterable and dissolved substances 80 mg / l 2 400 mg / l BOD ₆ 50mgO ₂ / l 630mgO ₂ / l CSV " 90mgO ₂ / l 900mgO ₂ / l PH value 7.8 8.9

In addition, a 40-fold reduction in solids losses and a 10-fold reduction in the organic load of filtrate wastewater were achieved, which is characterized by the potential CSV and BSBs pollution parameters.

Example 2

In a Entstippungs-Hydrostofösöser four times 15kg lubricating oil-loaded aluminum silicate fibers with a Al ₂ O ₃ -GeMaIt of 50Gew .-% in 500I water and 0.1 wt .-% suspending detergent, based on the fiber use, in the form of polyglycol ether 10min s usbondiert and 10 each drained in a mixing vessel with 3m ³ useful volume with ongoing fiberizing rotor. Afterwards, in each case 5 kg very finely ground Al ₂ O ₃ and BaSO _{4 of} the particle size range 0.01 to 0.1 mm are metered into the mixing container, which were each predispersed in 100 l of water. While stirring vigorously, mix for 10 minutes. Then 45I aqueous colloidal silica sol with 30 wt .-% SiO ₂ , a particle size of 12-15 μητι and a specific surface of? 00m ² / g and a pH of 9, mixed with intensive stirring for 5 min. Subsequently, 600 l of a 2.5% solution of a cold-water-soluble quaternary potato starch ether denomination 'Solvitose N' with 0.26% nitrogen content and a degree of substitution of 0.02SmOlZmOl mixed with gentle mixing for 5 min. Finally, 85 l of a 0.1% strength polyacrylamide solution, a product of the variety designation 'Stipix N 80', are metered in and mixed in for 1 min. The prepared pulp suspension of the consistency 3.3% is added as needed in the working container of a Tauchsaugeinrichtung where by discontinuous vacuum suction molding each Gioßrinneneinsätze 1000mm in length and 40mm wall thickness are formed with suction times of 40s. The suction-molded parts are blown off on suitable drying aids by means of compressed air blast and dried at 11O ⁰ C12h under fresh air operation. After the drying process, the outer three side surfaces of the vacuum-formed runner insert were smooth ground. The fiber moldings had a bulk density of 450 kg / m ³ and a loss on ignition of 15% by weight.

A portion of the dried runner inserts were soaked to stabilize and increase mechanical strength in a 1: 3 diluted 30% by weight Kleselsollödung, the impregnated inserts pre-dried on Trocknungshllfsmittoln at 130 ⁰ C for 5 h and after removal of the aids 8 h at 900 ^e C pre-burned, whereby completely inorganically bonded fiber moldings were obtained. The dried and hardened, burned runner inserts were used to feed the transfer and Vertoilerrinnen a Aluminiumhalbzeuggußanlage.

Beisplol3

In the following exemplary embodiment, the device according to the invention, with which a suspension and offset mixture of lubricant-containing inorganic fibers is possible, is described. As a suspension device, a container 1 made of V2A sheets of dimensions 2500mm x 1500mm x 1200mm is used, which can be operated with a maximum useful volume of 3.7 m ³ . A speed reduction of the horizontal agitator shaft 2 of 760 to 400 U / min is achieved via an encased geared motor 4 with a connection length of 1.7 kW. The two three-winged screw stirrers 3 have diameters of 150 mm and run at a maximum circumferential speed of 5.9 m / s. The agitator end with propeller seat is in each case 320 mm away from the container wall and 160 mm away from the container bottom 6. In the middle of the container bottom, a drain opening 7 with NW180 and throttle valve is provided as a shut-off valve 8, via which the prepared suspension, if necessary, flows under the force of gravity into the work container arranged underneath. Lubricant-loaded aluminum silicate fibers with 0.24% by weight Mineralölschmälze ZH 1800 are metered into 1.13 m ^{3 of} initial water as dry in a granulator (chopper) pre-shredded granules of fiber lengths 5 to 20 mm, so that a material density of 8.0 wt .-% is present , As suspending detergent, 2% by weight of colloidal hydrophilic SiO ₂ introduced as an aqueous anionic oxide sol of 30% solids content is used. After 10 minutes of suspension, 10 minutes further dilution to 2.5m ³ and 10 min final offset mixture on the useful volume.

As arm container 1 for a vacuum suction vacuum forming device is a container of dimensions 1500mm x 1230mm x 1000mm application, which is operated with a maximum effective volume of 1.6m ³ . The speed of the horizontal agitator shaft 2 is 200-700 U / min and the diameter of the screw stirrer used 3130 mm, which are each located 170mm from the container walls and 130mm from the container bottom 6. After each Tausaugformgebungsprozess the spent suspension amount from the reservoir above it is gently replenished by gravity. The intensive circulation process by the horizontally staggered Schraubenrührer is interrupted before each Tauchsaugvorgang and resumed after the mold extension

 The following dimensional ratios within the containers are possible:

relationship working container Mixing and storage container Stirrer / container width 0.098 to 0.13 0.08 to 0.133 Stirrer length / length of the container 0.113 to 0.131 0.128 to 0.130 Stirrer distance to the ground / container height 0.13-0.17 r 108-0,15 Stirrer distance to the side wall / container width 0.137 to 0.17  »13 to 0.228 Container length / width container 1.17 to 1.253 0 to 2.333 filling height 700-900 mm -1100mm

The Tauchsaugarbeitsbehälter can be emptied at the end of the production process by using a pneumatic cylinder with adjustable intermediate positions, including in particular Saugformwerkzeuge be used for fiberboard.

By means of the variable speed screw agitator drive, adaptation to the offset mixture is possible. In particular, a gentle circulation can be realized after mixing in the quaternary starch ether solution, with no unduly high turbulence.

Example 4

100 kg crushed aluminosilicate fibers without Gleitmittelbehaftung with 48Gew .-% Al ₂ O ₃ and fiber lengths vo 2 to 20mm 20 minutes in a rectangular mixer in 2500I water initially suspended with intensive mixing at speeds of the two screw stirrer of 700U / min and isolated. After 251 anionogenic silica sol with 30Gew .-% solid SiO _{2 are} added and mixed intensively for 3 min. Subsequently, 3751 of a 2.2% solution of a vorgelleisterten quaternary Ammoniumalkyläthers a potato starch variety name 'Solvitose NX' with 0.39% nitrogen content and a degree of substitution of 0.030mol / mol is added, which has a pH of 9.5 and 17g of parachlorometacresol are added and gently mixed for 2 minutes. The resulting pulp suspension of pH 9 is discontinuously added by gravity in a submerged 1 m ³ immersion tank, in which the discontinuous vertical vacuum suction molding of fiber cylinders of inside diameter 80mm, the wall thicknesses 20mm and height 200mm by means of an eight-piece battery suction at 7OkPa Negative pressure and a suction flow rate of 800m ³ air / h takes place. The Einzelelsaugformen consist of 1 mm thick round offset perforated brass sheet of 1.1mm hole pitch and 1.3 mm, which is internally supported by a supported on all sides cylinder support system of 3 mm round steel. The dried fiber cylinders have a bulk density of 320 kg / m ³ and an ignition loss of 6.5 wt .-%. The resulting filtrate wastewater is reused to suspend the new fiber formulation.

A portion of the resulting dried fiber cylinder is soaked in 30% solution of polyethyleneimine grade 'Polymin P' to prevent a destructive swelling in wet contact 5min and then dried again at 110 ⁰ C for 10 h. Thus, the use in combination with a hydraulic Feuerbetongießgemenge for thermal insulation of a water-cooled Trogrohrsystems an industrial furnace is possible.

Example 5 *

100 kg blown, dry in a cutting granulator pre-shredded aluminum silicate fibers of fiber lengths 2 to 20mm with a content of 48% Al] O ₃ and 0.5Gew .-% Gleltmittelbenetzung In mineral oil Schmahze ZH 1800 in 1.3m ^{3 of} water in a mixing vessel of dimensions 2500mm χ 1500mm x 1100mm with the addition of 100g of an anionic suspension detergent called 'Ditalan L' based on a combination of unsaturated alkyl sulfate, alkylpolyglycol ether sulfate and alkyl sulfonate, 10min and then diluted under further stirring at 700U / min to 2.69 m ³ with water and stirred for 20 min. Subsequently, 25 kg of Kioselsäurehydrosolos be added with 30Gew .-% solids content and mixed for 5min at 700U / min. Finally, 2771 of a 3% starch ether solution of a quaternary ammonium starch ether of the denomination 'Pei fectamyl PLV with a nitrogen content of 0.27% and a degree of substitution of 0.035 mol / mol are added over a spray tube system and mixed gently at 500 rpm for 5 min. The obtained pulp suspension is discharged discontinuously by means of gravity via a plastic pipeline of NW170 mm in dot arranged below Tauchsaugformgebungsbehälter the net capacity 1 m ³ , in which by vacuum forming by means of an induced draft of 500m ³ air / h and a vacuum of 8OkPa the shaping of fiber boards of the format Ί 000mm χ 500mm x 50mm takes place. The ansauggeformten fiberboard with 60% residual moisture content are dried under fresh air operation in a 2-m ³ -Kammertrockner at 110 ⁰ C. for 12 h and then sanded smooth in a band grinding mechanism. The fiberboards obtained have the following characteristics:

density 310 kg / m ³ center I thermal conductivity at 800 ° 5.9% C 0.18W / nVK at 1200 " 51% C 0.30 W / m · K Trockenbiegezugfestigkeit 0.9 MPa 43.0% linear nachschwindung 0.13% at 1100 ⁰ C and 24 h holding time -2.80% Total chemical analysis edge Loss on ignition 6% 6.1% SiO ₂ 51% 51% AI ₂ O ₃ 42.9% 42.8% Na ₂ O 0.13% 0.13%

One part of the suction-molded wet fibreboard was sprayed with 101% of a 3% preservation solution of sodium pentachlorophenolate prior to demolding, which was sucked into the wet plate by the applied vacuum. After removal from the mold by means of a blast of compressed air, the wet plates were packed in 0.3 mm thick polyethylene (airtight and delivered for outpatient local deformation for the thermal insulation of turbine plants.

Examples

In a hydrous solvent with 0.85 m ³ net volume of water introduced in 3801 of the temperature 2O ⁰ C 3kg alumina fibers with 95% Al ₂ O ₃ and 5kg aluminum silicate fibers in raw fiber form with 48% Al ₂ O ₃ and 0.3Gew .-% Gleitölbenetzung of Types of hot steam cylinder oil ZH 1800 and 0.5 kg felnstzerkleinertes AI ₂ O ₃ of particle size 0.04 to 0.08 mm suspended for 5 min and defibrated, the speed of the vertical rotor shaft is 800 U / min. Subsequently, 2.27 kg of an anionogenic, alkaline silicic acid hydrosol of the designation Ί030 'with 30% by weight of solid colloidal SiO ₂ and a particle size of 5 to 10 nm are mixed in while the fiberizing rotor is running. Subsequently, 35 l of a previously prepared 2.0% starch ether solution of the pH 8.5 of a cold water soluble quaternary potato starch ether of the degree of substitution of 0.09 mol / mol and a nitrogen content of 0.7% with the variety denomination 'Solvitose D9' 1 min long mixed in. Finally, 2 l of a 0.5% anionogenic polyacrylamide solution are added and mixed in for 0.5 min. The resulting pulp suspension with a pH of 8.5 is drained in the free flow into a vacuum irrigation suction box under it of the filtration surface 1030 mm χ 780 mm, which was filled to the front with water to 1 cm above the sieve surface. After the suspension has been admitted, compressed air with 0.4 MPa overpressure for pneumatic final mixing is injected briefly through the lower part of the lower part of the lower part of the foundry suction box and then the wet plate is formed by applying a vacuum of 5OkPa. The resulting moist fiberboard of residual moisture 60% with 40mm thickness is then dried at 11O ⁰ C in a chamber dryer under fresh air drying for 15 h. The dry bulk density is 305 kg / m ³ . The clear filtrate obtained in the filtration process is returned to the periodic process and used for the approach of the new fiberboard.

The resulting fibreboard can be universally reworked by sawing, grinding, milling, drilling and turning. After the edge trimming, part of the dried fibreboard obtained is impregnated to the fixed size 1000 mm × 500 mm in a drinking device in a 25% by weight solution of aluminum hydrogenphosphate for 4 minutes and, after draining on a screen plate, pre-dried at 12O ⁰ C for 2 hours and then in a electric chamber dryer at 900 ⁰ C for 10 h tempered. The fibreboard obtained with a flexural strength of 1.5 MPa are used for heat-insulating delivery of a chemical thermal reactor at 1200 ⁰ C operating temperature, and gas velocities of 70m / s.

Example 7

100 kg pre-shredded aluminum silicate fibers of fiber lengths 10 to 15 mm with 48% Al ₂ O ₃ content and a lubricant wetting of 0.3 wt .-% in the form Mineralölschmälze hot steam cylinder oil ZH 1800 are in 1.4 m ^{3 of} water at 25 ⁰ C in a Mixing container of dimensions 2500mm x 1500mm χ 1100mm with both sides in the

Behölterecksoiten parallel staggered Schraubenrührern at a speed of 900 rev / min for 8 minutes olnsuspo ⁿ Hiert. Subsequently, 10 kg very finely divided Al ₁ Oa dee grain size range 0.02 to 0.05 mm are added and 2mln mixed, and it is then filled with 1.09m ^{3 of} water to 2.6m ³ container filling and then 36.7kg Klesolsol with 30Qew .-% Foststoffgehait added and mixed for 2min at speeds dor screw mixer of 700U / mln. Subsequently, 400 t of a 3% strength starch solution of a quaternary ammonium starch catalyst of the variety marking 'Porfecta nyl PLV with a degree of substitution of 0.035 mol / mol are added and mixed in gently at 500 rpm for 3 min. The resulting stock suspension is discharged discontinuously by gravity drainage into a working pot with 1.5m ³ contents of a vacuum suction forming station.

Into diosen working container drives over a pneumatic cylinder with olnom maximum stroke of 1100 mm a Tauchsaugform for shaping of non-ferrous ladle inserts with 9Gl liquid metal content, this Tauchsaugform consists of appropriately shaped 4mm thick staggered brass plate the hole diameter 10mm and the pitch 14mm, which in addition through an inserted Stützabgittersystem is reinforced from 12mm thick round steel. The stable mold body is covered with a soft soldered Bronzesiebbespannung the mesh size of 0.45 mm and the wire thickness of 0.25 mm.

The suction molding of the crucible insert is carried out with an applied vacuum of 8OkPa and a suction volume flow of 85OmVh, with a suctioned wall thickness of 50mm 60s suction time are required. After the Tauchsaugform is extended from the Bohältor, during the Trockensaugprozesses a suitably designed Hartgumminegativform is applied against the Naßsaugling for smoothing the Oberflächenrauhigkoit and molding after-compaction, which is removed after 15s set-up. Thereafter, a suitably designed hot air hood is placed to mold drying of the per se deformation-sensitive article, the hot air with 23O ⁰ C abgbibt. As a result of the vacuum suction train still in the vacuum suction, the hot air is sucked through the Naßformling and carried out a 5-minute mold drying. After the hot air hood was removed, the pre-dried wet molding was removed by brief compressed-air blast at 45 ° C., and then dried at 110 ° C. in an electric chamber dryer for 12 hours to the residual moisture content of 0.5% by weight.

Example 8

! ι a hydro-pulper of the useful content 0.9m ³ are initially introduced in 4001 of water at running Zerfasorungsrotor 4kg gleitmittelbehaftote mineral fibers and 4kg gleitmittelbehaftete aluminum silicate fibers having 48% Al ₂ O ₃ -Gohalt and 1.5 kilograms colloidal bentonite and 2kg of anionogenic Kiesel solos with 30wt .-% SIO ₂ entered and suspended for 7min.

Subsequently, 42 l of a 2% quaternary ammonium starch ether solution of a cold water-soluble product of the name "Empresol NE 25" with 0.26% nitrogen content are added and mixed in for 1 min, followed by 6.71 of a 0.1% solution of an anionogenic polyacrylamide with the denomination " Stipix AD-K "added and mixed for 30s for a short time.

The resulting pulp suspension is then drained by gravity into a suction box, are formed in the mixed fiber plates of the format 1000mm x 500mm x 40mm. The resulting filtrate waters are reused.

All wet plant parts are rinsed with a 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution after daily production and thus protected from the formation of bakter.-ieller horde.

Example 9

In the following embodiment, in particular the device according to the invention of the vacuum induced draft control system is described with which an advantageous control of Naßformlingsscherbenbildung in vacuum Gioßsaugkasten 24 and the vacuum Tauchsaugeinrichtung 25 is possible. The starting mixture is a pulp suspension, as was hernqstellt 7 in the embodiment used. In a vacuum Gioßsaugkasten 24 fiber plates of dimensions 100mm x 500mm x 150mm are to be produced. In the vacuum-Tauchsauginrichtung 25 in a two-part indoor Tauchsaugvorm ceiling blocks for industrial ovens wall thickness 100mm and on an external Tauchsaugform thick-walled Kohreinsätze for non-crucible melting furnaces of 800 mm inside diameter, height 500 mm and wall thickness 80mm are made.

As a vacuum Filtratabscheidebehälter 13 and vacuum Saugzugrege! Container 14 each a standing buffer vessel of the content 8 m ^{3 is} used. The vacuum pumps 15, 16 and 17 used are each a liquid ring vacuum compressor of the designation RV714 / 1 with a suction flow of 360 m ³ air / h, the operating fluid being passed through a circulation container. The vacuum piping system is predominantly made of pressure-resistant plastic pipe with a nominal width of 120 mm. The entire vacuum Sauy jugregelanlage is on the control gauge 121 and the valve 20, which is designed as a solenoid valve, so gesteueit that the filtration drainage with time-increasing, tailored to the mold body vacuum from 20 to 83kPa and temporally increasing suction flow of 100m ³ / h to 10OOmVh due to gradual startup of the vacuum pumps 15,16,17 and optionally automatic adjustment of the sniffer valve 118 and / or Il 19, is performed. Thanks to this procedure, thick-walled fiber molded parts are obtained, and raw wire shreds / wall thickness increases are avoided or restricted. The use of an automatic Progranunablaufsteuersystems is possible, with fiber-molding-specific sequence programs can be realized. Likewise, an advantageous control of the wall thickness formation can be realized by varying the consistency in the pulp suspension.

For the removal of the filtrate from the vacuum Filtratabscheidebehälter 13, a special pump 27 is used, which operates controlled by a level control and directs the filtrate water either in the recycling tank 26 or in the outflow to the receiving water. The special pump 27 has an output of 10 to 50m ³ filtrate water against existing vacuum.

At the end of the production week, the entire vacuum induced draft control system is regularly flushed with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for microwave cleaning.

Example 10

For the improvement of the formability of Tauchauaugformten Flachschelbonstrahlunqsbronnerstelnen the plate diameter 400mm and the height 300 mm 3 wt .-% Baumwollintersfasem the fiber lengths 3 to 6 mm based on the used polycrystalline mullite fibers with 85% Al] O ₃ used

Example 11

For the molding of hollow block fiber formstolnon for the lining of heat treatment furnaces heated with high speed burners, Koramlk fibers were suspended in a hydrosolvent and placed in a reservoir through a destroyer and shortened for 20 minutes by a conical refiner to fiber lengths of 0.5 to 1.0 mm before another VersaUmischung takes place. The subsequently produced fiber molded parts have a very homogeneous and dense structure.

Example 12

For the improvement of the formbaron wall thickness of fiber cylinders made of lubricated blown aluminum silicate fibers and 48Gew. % AIjO ₃ with average fiber diameters of 2.5 pm, during the pulp preparation, 20% by weight of aluminum silicate fiber with <18% by weight Al] O ₃ and an average fiber diameter of 5 μmηηη are added to the amount of blown fiber used.

Example 13

For the shaping of wear crucible Einätzon for liquid metal transport with high wall thicknesses of 100mm gleitmlttolfrole only, centrifuged Aluminiumillkat zirconium oxide fibers with 10Gew .-% ZrO _{2 are used} in raw fiber form, which are suspended in the orfindungsgomäßon device with pneumatic additional mixing and then treated with appropriate sequence of addition ,

Claims (32)

1. ancestor for hollystollung of wtirmodämmondon Fasorformtoilon bolioblgor rtiumlichor Goomotrio based on Minororal and / or Kornmikfasorn with orhohtor Stoifigkoit, Härto, Gofugo · and Griffofostigkolt sowio mochanlschor nachboarboltungsmoehllcholt after dom Trocklungsprozoß, hear yostoHt by Suspondloron dor amorphon Gostolns and Schlockonfosorn, Aluminiumiumsilikatfasorn, chrommodified aluminosilicate fiber, aluminum silicate zirconium fosome, polycrystalline mullite or aluminum alumina fiber In raw form or precorcoolin state In the carrier fluid water, the organic fiber may or may not be olefinated as well as cloudy soluble, parallol to soparato disponslonone of inorganic and organic binocomialium, bulking agents and auxiliaries In Wassor, wordon harboring Mischon oinor Aqueous fibrous suspension with abominated bromide sols in goordnotor prefix follows the dioxin filtrate form gob and, demolding, drying and, if necessary, aftertreatment, insbosoncloro by Mochanischo Nachboarboitung with Holzboarboitungstochnikon, Tränkon, surface hardening sowio drying, in particular with vacuum Saugformgobunosmothodon in T ^ uchsaug- or Gioßeaugoinrichtungon onschlioßondom Trockonsouflprozoß on Rostfouchton of 30 to 70% Tempering and firing is followed, characterized in that olno-matched inorganic-organic Bindomittolkombination based on oily aqueous, anionic, alkaline colloidal oxide sols and a dispensing of a quaternary ammonium starch ether is applied, the mixed Fasernstoffsusponsion wet-forming a solids content of 0.1 to 7 wt. -%, in particular 0.5 to 4 Gow .-%, and a slightly alkaline pH of 6.5 to 10, in particular 7.5 to 9.0, a cold or water-soluble quaternary ammonium starch ether, in particular quaternary ammonium malkyläther the potato, I 'aisodfir rye starch is applied, the degree of substitution of 0.02 to O.I mol / mol, in particular 0.025 to 0.048 mol / mol, and a nitrogen content of 0.18 to 0.78%, in particular 0, From 22 to 0.40%, the introduction of which takes place in the form of a uniform 0.5 to 3% by weight solution, the pH of which is 5.5 to 10, and advantageously in a two-stage dissolving and diluting application process Fresh water is prepared, the introduction of the inorganic Hochtemperaturoxidbindemittels in the form of an aqueous, anionic colloidal soldispersion of a refractory, surface hydroxylated colloidal amorphous oxide of SiO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ or ZrO ₂ and their combination, wherein the sol has a solids content of 8 to 40Gew %, in particular 28 to 31 wt.%, a specific surface area of 130 to 420 mVg, in particular 150 to 230 m ² / g, and particle sizes of the colloidal amorphous oxide parts of 5 to 24 nm, in particular 5 to 15 nm, the pH of the hydrosol is between 8.4 and 10, in particular 9.0 to 10.0, the stabilizing ion Na ⁺ , K ⁺ , NH4 ⁺ or Al ³⁺ , Na ⁺ , in particular, and the feed ratio of the feston colloidal oxide based on the fiber and filler is 4.35 to 22.5 wt .-%, in particular 5 to 10 wt .-%, and the solids ratio of solid dry quaternary ammonium starch ether to colloidal solid Oxid binder is 1 to 1.8: 1, in particular 1 to 1.1: 1, and the ratio of solid dry quaternary ammonium starch ether based on the fiber and filler use 4.35 to 22.5Gew .-%, in particular 7 to 12Gew.- %, wherein the Filtratabwässar incurred in the molding process proportionately from 20 to 100% process recyclable and their 1- to 12-time process use is feasible. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the suspending, pulping and wet grinding of the inorganic fibers in raw fiber form or pre-crushed form in water at 15 to 35 ° C and a pH of 6.5 to 8.5 in Hydrostofflösern , with vertically built-in waves of shredding rotor, at a consistency of 1 to 8%, rotor shaft speeds of 500 to 3000rpm, especially 570 to 1650rpm, and suspension times of 3 to 30min, especially with mineral lubricating oils distillates in 20 to 50%, in particular 30 to 45%, of the usable hydrous solvent operating volume are suspended before, if appropriate, a further addition of water and defibration takes place and is discharged via thick matter pump or gravity effect, or a further fiber singulation in a the hydrosolubilizer downstream Entstipper or another Short cut in don Borolch 0,05 to 1,5mm in a stillgoototon Kogol odor Scholbonrofinor in jowolllgon Stoffdichtoboroichon from 1 to 6% followed and then in Olnon Vorrats odor mixing container is transportiort, woboi obonfolls additionally in Mahlumtriob on olonon reservoir and olon Roflnor ronlislort wordon can. 3. ancestors according to claim 1, characterized in that the suspondoron boroits in Schnoldgranulatoron, Wlrbolmischorn, Stocholwolzon-, Schlagkrouz-, Hammor- or Schneidmühion dry vorzorkloinortar Rohfasorn dor Fasorlängon 0.5 to 30mm, Insbosondore 2 to 20mm, boi oinor Stoffdichto of 2 , 5 to 10% in Hydrostofflösorn odor in Mischvorrichtungon with Bodonboroich horizontally on Rührwollon (2) arranged Schraubenrührorn (3) of speeds 400 to 1000U / min in the period 10 to 30min orwool, wobol with Minorolschmioröldostilloton odor -roffinaton gloitmittolbohaftote Fasorn in 20 to 40 % of the Mischboatsornutzvolumons in vorgologtos Wassor odor simultaneously with this, in the Stoffdichtoboroich 3.5 to 10% and a period of 3 to 15 min eindspendiert before oine more Wasserzugabo and singulation orfQlgen. -4- 292 2Ί0 Advantageously boolnflußbar are, and the strength of the fiber moldings on the Poststoffkonzontrotion and fiber length distribution lh dor suspension and the effective vacuum and the suction power is adjusted. 4. The method according to claim 1,2 and 3, characterized in that inorganic Fasorn wetted with temperature-resistant water-insoluble Minoralschmieröldestillaton or raffinaten oiled, wetted with water-soluble wößrigon emulsion of mineral oil raffinates in combination with nonionic odor anionogenon emulsifiers or nonionic synthetic mineralölfrolen oiling agents such as alkylpolyglycol ether, or Fatty acid Polyethylene glycol wetted mineral fibers and / or ceramic fibers are processed, which have up to a maximum of 0.8% by weight of lubricant coating, the further also the processing of lubricant-free fibers is possible. 5. The method according to claim 2 and 3, characterized in that the suspending process using 0 to 3.5 wt .-%, in particular 0.05 to 0.8 wt .-%, a solid Suspendierdetei genz based on the fiber use, wherein as suspending detergents aqueous alkaline anionic hydrophilic silica sol, detergents from the group of the salts of genuine sulfur esters and sulfonic acids, fatty alcohol sulfonates and sulfated polyglycol ethers and polyglycol ethers and polyglycol ether derivatives, used singly or in combination, these detergents also advantageously during or after the fiber production process or the dry comminution process already be applied. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that very finely ground inorganic fillers for increasing the density, strength improvement and use adaptation are used, which can be dispersed at the same time in Fasersuspendierprozeß, or advantageously as 1 to 15gew .-%, in particular 3 to 10gew.- %, prepared Füllmitteldispersion be used in the batch mixing process, wherein as inorganic refractory or refractory fillers feinstgemahlene ceramic secondary materials such as calcium silicate, Feuerleichtstein-, SiC or cordierite mullite Brennhilfsmittel-, porcelain, Schleifkörper-, chamotte, chrome or Periklassteinbruch or production failure of fiber molding production and shot portions of amorphous ceramic fibers; refractory oxides and oxide-ceramic compounds such as SiO ₂ , ZrO ₂ , ZrSiO ₄ , BaO, MgO, Cr ₂ O ₃ , Al ₂ O ₃ , MgAl ₂ O ₄ , Mg ₂ SiO ₄ , FeCr ₂ O ₄ , FeAl ₂ O ₄ , Mg ₂ Al ₄ Si ₅ O ₁₈ , Al ₂ SiO ₅ , Al ₆ Si ₂ O ₁₃ , CaSiO ₃ ; calcined clays, kaoliiio and bauxite; colloidal bentonite; Al (OH) ₃ , Al ₂ TiO ₆ , Al ₁₈ B ₄ O ₃₃ , Ba [Al ₂ Si ₂ O ₈ ], as well as MnO, TiO ₂ , SiC, Si ₃ N ₄ , FeTiO ₃ or BaSO ₄ and MgSO ₄ , individually or as corresponding mixtures of two or more applications, and the duty ratio is 0 to 30% by weight, in particular 5 to 15% by weight, based on the inorganic fiber amount, and the particle size range of the fillers is between 0.001 to 0.25 mm, in particular 0.02 to 0.1 mm. 7. The method of claim 1,2,3 and 6, characterized in that extending the suspension of the inorganic fibers and optionally fillers and organic fibers over a period of 3 to 30min, in particular 15 to 25min, for the preparation of a sufficiently homogenized fiber suspension in which, in the same apparatus or a mixing device, the successive ordered mixing of an advantageously treated Füllmitteldispension in the period 1 to 10min, especially 5min, followed by the intensive mixing of the 8- to 40gew .-% aqueous colloidal Oxidhydrosoldispension in the period 2 to 10 min, especially 5 min, and then the gentle even mixing of 0.5 to 3gew .-% aqueous colloidal quaternary ammonium starch ether solution in the period 2 to 10 min, in particular 5 min, followed by and thereto in conclusion, gogobononfnlls the schonondo uniform Einmischon olnor 0.01 · to 1% igon anlonogonon polyacrylamide solution or 0.06 · to 4% lgon anlonogenen sodium aluminate, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl acetate or polyacrylate or oinor nichtionogonon Polyvinyialkohollösung, olnzoln or in entspondor combination sowio the setting The Abloorstoffdlchte In Zoitrnum 0.3 to 3 min, '•• jbesondorol to 1.5 min, concludes. 8. ancestor according to claim 1 and 7, geknzeichnet dndurct that the fortiggomischto Fasorstoffsusponsion bozogoi on don Gosamtfoststoffgol It from the following Bostandteilon bostoht: From 48 to 92% by weight of inorganic minerals and / or ceramic fibers, individually or as entsprochondo combination 0 to 21% by weight of fouorfosto or fire-resistant inorganic fillers 4 to 15.5% by weight of solid colloidal SiOj, AljQa or ZrOj, individually or their Combination as high-temperature binder 4 to 15.5% by weight of solid quaternoror Ammoniumstä rkoä'the.r Obis 5 wt .-% organic Fasormatorial, such as cellulose, polyamide, polyacrylic, Cellulose acetate, waste paper or cotton sintered fibers and their mixtures 0 to 3.5 wt .-% solid suspending detergent based on the Fasoroinsatz 0 to 2.5 wt .-% solid polyacrylamide or sodium aluminate based on the solid Starch ether used
0 to 3.0 wt .-% of solid carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylate or Polyvinyl alcohol or their combination based on the Fiber and filler use
0 to 0.8 wt .-% antifoaming or -gestämpfungsmittel based on the Total fiber, 9. The method according to claim 1,7 and 8, characterized in that the increased introduction of quaternary Ammoniumstärkeätheranteilen and their optimal restraint in the shaping process, a 0.01 to 1%, in particular 0.05 to 0.1%, aqueous anionic Polyacrylamidlösung is used as the last offset blend component, wherein the use ratio of the solid polyacrylamide based on the solid ammonium starch ether use 0 to 2.5 wt .-%, in particular 0.05 to 0.8 wt .-%, or that alternatively 0 to 1 wt. %, in particular 0.1 to 0.5Gew .-% solid sodium aluminate based on the solid starch ether used, wherein the Finführung as 0.5 to 5% aqueous, anionic solution as the last batch mixing ingredient. 10. The method according to claim 1,7 and 8, characterized in that to improve the retention of the starting materials of the deformation stability of the Naßformlinges and the structural strength of the dry products 0 to 3.0 wt .-%, in particular 0.3 to 1.5Gew.- %, solid technical carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylate or polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of polymerization of 45 to 55, based on the fiber and filler used individually or as a combination thereof, the introduction of which as 0.05 to 4gew .-% aqueous solution as last mixture component takes place. 11. The method according to claim 1,7 and 8, characterized in that to prevent the microwave infestation and loss of activity of the ammonium starch ether solution and its improved storage and the process Filtratkreislaufführung 0.05 to 0.5Gew .-% of a solid preservative based on the solid Starch ether weight be introduced during the treatment of starch ether and the storage temperature of the starch ether solution 20 to 25 ⁰ C does not exceed. 12. The method according to claim 1 and 7, characterized in that all Naßanlagenteile and molds to avoid microwave ovens, corrosion phenomena and production disturbances are regularly flushed with dilute, 0.1 to 1% solutions of a preservative or oxidant. 13. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the vacuum suction molding by means of a der ißformlingsbildung adapted article-specific suction power of 100 to 3000m ³ air / h and an effective vacuum of 20 to 85 kPa is performed, in particular to avoid or limit large Rohdichtabfälle the filtration drainage is carried out by means of a constant or in particular increasing vacuum or suction power, which at the same time the structural properties 14. Verfahron still claim 1, characterized in that jowoils before the beginning of vacuum vacuum suction odor Gioßsaugprozossos a kurzos Druckluftdurchblason by clio Absaugforrnon takes place in dio pulp suspension and that speciollon Naßformlingon after dom Absaugon and extending in Trockonsaugprozoss ontsprochoncl designed rubber odor Plastikformtoilo or thin Hüllon odor foils toilwoiso odor completely applied, put on odor aufgodrückt, whereby an improved drainage, re-densification, limitation of strong Oborflächonrauhigkoiton and Toloranzon is achieved and gogobononfalls dio formation of certain Konturon is possible. 15. ancestors according to claim 1 and14, characterized in that in doformationsompfindlichen Faserformteilon following don Trockonsaugprozoß a molded part by means of attached hot air odor Hoißdampfhauben done, wherein Trocknungsmitteltomporaturon of 150 to 28O ⁰ C applied and thus more dried moldings by means of compressed air blast in height from 0.35 to 0.7 MPa. 16. ancestors according to claim 1, characterized in that the resulting Naßgutabfall dom new mixing process can be added without influencing the recipe and that possible edge trimming is carried out before the drying process of Naßformteile. 17. Verfahron according to claim 1,7 and 8, characterized in that for improving the Ansaugformgebbarkeit Defizil designed three-dimensional Faserformt hurry in the vacuum Tauchsaugprozeß 0 to 5.5Gew .-% Orgarische fibers based on don inorganic fiber use such as cellulose, polyacrylic, Viscose, cellulose acetate, polyamide, waste paper or cotton sintered fibers are used singly or in combination, with their fiber length is 0.2 to 30mm. 18. The method according to claim 1 and 13, characterized in that to increase the moldable wall thickness special ceramic fiber blends of ungeölton and / or lubricious and hurled amorphous Aluminiumiumsilikatfasorn in the use ratio 1: 0.2 to 2 or only long lubricant-free hurled aluminum silicate fibers and long lubricant-free blown or spun aluminosilicate zircon fibers of fiber diameter 4 to 18mm and fiber lengths of 30 to 150mm. 19. The method according to claim 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that fibers of fiber lengths 0.05 to 1.5 mm are used for the molding of fiber moldings with extremely homogeneous spatial structure properties, which have good suspending properties and allow high fabric density approaches. 20. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the production of wet fiber molded parts, in particular fiberboard, as the conclusion of Trockensaugprozesses 0.08 to 0.8 wt .-% of a solid biocidal preservative based on the organic binder and auxiliary component, as 0 , 01- to 5% aqueous solutions are aspirated or sprayed before their Druckluftentformung and airtight packaging made in polyethylene films. 21. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the drying process as Verdunstungskonvektionsprozeß at 80 to 120 ⁰ C, in particular 100 to 11O ⁰ C, takes place during 2 to 24h, being advantageously carried out with fresh air operation and the residual moisture content between 0.1 to 3Gew. -% lies. 22. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that according to the application limit temperatures of the inorganic fibers used, a pre-firing of the fiber molded parts produced at 580 to 1400 ⁰ C, in particular 750 to 900 ⁰ C, and a holding time of 2 to 24 h is performed, whereby homogeneous inorganic bonded fiber moldings with stabilized oxide bond and optionally stabilized binder and filler matrix arise. 23. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the dried and optionally mechanically reworked fiber moldings in solutions of sodium silicate or silicic acid hydrosol with solids contents of 29 to 35Gew .-% or their application dilutions in the ratio 1: 2 to 3 with water, impregnated, then 2 to 10 h pre-dried at 100 to 13O ⁰ C and continue to be post-annealed at 550 to 1400 ⁰ C, especially 750 to 900 ⁰ C, 1 to 24 hours. 24. An ancestor according to claim 1, characterized in that the gotrocknoton and gobobononfalls mechanically nachbearboltotonFasorformtello by Aufstrelchen or spraying a wäßrlgon solution of sodium silicate oHu,! 'Toelselsulfohydrosol dos Feststoffgohaltes from 29 to 35Gew .-%, with proportions felnstgemahlonon anorganischoi; Füllmittelzusatz the grain sizes 0.005 to 0.15mm in the Gowichtsvorverhältnis of solid Na ₂ O and / or SiOj to fillers wio 3 to 4: 1, and subsequent advantageous Antrocknon oborflächongohärtet been using as filler AI ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ , MgO, TiO ₂ , Cr ₂ O ₃ , ZrO ₂ , BaSO ₄ , MgSO ₄ , colloidal Bontonite sowio gomahlono Koramikfasoi n, used individually or as mixtures. 25. An ancestor according to claim 1, characterized in that the dried and gobobonen mechanically nachboarboitoton Fasorformtoilo soaked in solutions of aluminum hydroxymium phosphate, Natriumhoxametaphosphat, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate or monosodium, disodium or trisodium phosphate with Foststoffgehalton from 10 to 40 wt .-% or their combination and then pre-dried for 1 to 5 h at 100 to 13O ⁰ C and further post-annealed at 550 to 95O ⁰ C, 1 to 12 h. 26. An ancestor according to claim 1, characterized in that the dried and optionally mechanically post-processed fiber moldings to achieve a Naßstoifigkeit and Vorhinderung dos Stärkeätherzerfalles under wet contact, in 8 to 40% aqueous solutions of a Kunstharznaßverfostigers such as phosphoric acid stabilizer melamine-formaldehyde resin, Polytimidoaminharz, polyamide-Epichlorhydrinharz , Polyamide-polyamine-epichlorohydrin resin or polyethylene imine impregnated and then dried at 110 to 13O ⁰ C and 2 to 10h, whereby 0.2 to 2.5Gew .-% solid Kunstharznaßverfestiger based on the dry Fasorformtoil been introduced. 27. Wärmodämmondo Faserformtoilo prepared by the method according to claim 1 to 26. 28. Use of the heat-insulating London Fasorformtoile with filler additive and advantageous use stabilization according to claim 1,22,23,24 and 25, in particular as a lining material for transport, control and Speichorprozesso of liquid non-ferrous metals. 29. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 1,7,8,9 and 10, characterized in that for dio suspension vorzorkloinerter fiber material, dio offset mixture and storage sowio Tauchsaugformgebung open cuboidal container (1) with two in the container broadsides in Eckbodonberoich offset in parallel , on a horizontal agitator roller (2) arranged Schraubenrühror (3) with three to four wound salaried wings of diameter 100 to 220 mm, in particular 150 to 200 mm, vorwendet, via an encapsulated gear motor (4) with transmission system (5) continuously in the range of 200 to 1000 rpm, in particular 400 to 750 rpm, in which the suction process is interrupted or carried out in the reduced pressure range of 200 to 500 rpm, the ratio between longitudinal and container width being 1.17 to 2; 33 is the installation conditions of Schraubenr stirrer (3) relative to the container width from 0.137 to 0.228, based on the container height from 0.108 to 0.17, and be based on the length of the container from 0.113 to 0.131 udn the usable Behälterfüllhöho between 0.7 to 1.1 m. 30. The apparatus according to claim 29, characterized in that the gentle transport of the mixed or processed pulp suspension by means of gravity by a centrally, in the flat and substantially horizontally formed Behältorboden (6), arranged round drain opening (7) of the nominal diameter 100 to 200 mm and Throttle or other kind of shut-off valve (8) and pipe (9) takes place. 31. The apparatus according to claim 29, characterized in that alternatively a pneumatic circulation system (10) under the Behälterbodenberoich (6) is arranged, which by Einblasdüsen (11) via the injection line (12) into the container (1) acts and optionally acted upon in sections is or which alternatively consists of a flexible arranged from the inside to the container bottom rigid Stabblassystem. 32. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 1 and 13, characterized in that as Vakuumsauganlage for carrying out the Vakuumsaugformgebung a zweibehältriges vertical Vakuumpuffersystern arranged in series vacuum Filtratabscheidebehälter (13) and direct vacuum Saugzugregelbehälter (14), the respective volume from 2 to 8 m ³ , with connected thereto vacuum pump (15) and optionally (16) and (17) and large-scale pipe network (23) of the vacuum container with each other and the shaping device (24) (25) out in nominal width 100 to 250mm is used, the controlled by the vacuum pump (15) (16) (17) and optionally the Schnüffelventile (18) and / odor (19) and optionally the valve (20), a vacuum of 20 to 85kPa, in particular 47 to 8OkPa, and elnon suction flow of 100 Ms 3000m ³ air / h, in particular 350 to 1200m ³ / h allows, whereby the Rogolmanomntor (21) odor (22) may optionally work as a Rogolmanometer for the vacuum Saugungsgeuungsprozeß. 33. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that Hie required Tauchsaugworkzougformen for the production of small Faserformteilo the Innenabmessungon up to 200mm x 200mm χ 300mm advantageously from lochblechkörpern the Blechstörko 0.5 to 1.2 mm, parallel or offset Round perforation of 0.65 to 1.25 mm and pitch of 1.2 to 2.5 mm are executed, which may have an internally arranged stable Einsteckelnsatz a verstrebton Stützstabgitiersystomes from 1 to 3 mm thick round or flat steel, where against suction tools iür the production larger moldings from 1 to 5 mm thick perforated plates, with parallel or offset round holes of 4 to 11 mm and pitch of 5.6 to 15mm or rectangular and cloverleaf of 10mm and pitch 14 to 16mm, are made, the firm or pluggable with an internally arranged stable Verstoifungsrippensystem of flat or round steel of strength 2 LMs 12m and an outer screen mesh tension of 0.25 to 0.45 mm in single bond or an outer screen covering of 0.5 to 1 mm perforated plates, of parallel or offset circular perforations of 0.65 to 1.25 mm and division 1.2 to 2.5mm, wherein the vacuum connections to the suction molds in the nominal widths 25 to 140 mm, in particular 30 to 51 mm and the compressed air connections in the nominal widths 5 to 35mm, in particular 10 to 15mm, are executed. For this 3 pages drawings Field of application of the invention The invention relates to a method and apparatus for the production of heat - insulating fiber molded parts of any spatial geometry with increased rigidity, hardness, microstructure and handling stability on the basis of mineral and / or ceramic fibers via wet technical preparation, mixing and dewatering techniques, in particular vacuum suction molding methods, and subsequent drying. By possibly additional mechanical post-processing by means of woodworking techniques are individually designed, directly non-malleable complicated molded fiber parts for different thermal insulation problems produced. The invention can be applied in non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy, silicate industry, chemical industry as well as in industrial furnace construction and in thermal apparatus and plant operation. The invention also allows the processing of lubricious mineral and / or ceramic fibers. Characteristics of the known prior art The known technical solution are characterized in that various organic and / or inorganic binders, for example, clay-based or colloidal silica Tor "rde binder has been used for the production of moldings from ceramic fibers by wet vacuum forming method [Gaswärme international Volume 30 (1981 ) Issue 7/8; Page 355, 377], without any offset being exposed directly. The use of aqueous, colloidal alkaline silicic acid solutions for the wet-technical production of ceramic fiber moldings is known from several disclosures [DE1947904B2, DE2311816A, DE2613413B2, DE2831B05A1, DE3311953A1, GB1263919A, AT372367B, US3770466A, US3835054A, US3935060A and US 4493089 Al. However, the disadvantage of using only the colloidal silica sol having solid contents of 5 to 40% by weight of SiO ₂ is that the spherical inorganic colloidal particles, due to their small particle size, undergo a strong migration phenomenon to the molding surfaces in the wet molding drying process. As a result, a hard outer skin is formed due to their surface enrichment, whereas the middle part of the moldings remains soft and unbound. This deficient, selective binder and strength distribution is not desirable and disadvantageous in many applications, since the handling strength is extremely low and destruction of the hard outer shell causes a subsequent disintegration of the molded part under operating conditions. Also, the retention of the colloidal silica during wet molding by vacuum suction molding techniques is very low, so that increased binder levels and recirculation of the FMtrats streams must be performed. Technically, process solutions are known which prevent the migration of colloidal oxide sol particles by special treatments. Thus, according to the process described according to DE 2613413 B2, inorganic silicon, aluminum or zirconium dioxide oils precipitate on the ceramic fibers as a result of addition of acidic aluminum sulphate solution from 7 to about 4, thereby avoiding their migration during the subsequent drying process should. The disadvantage of this method is that due to the acidic character