DD288980A5 - METHOD OF TREATING OIL SEEDS, LEGUMINOSES AND CEREALS FOR THE OBTAINMENT OF BULB MATERIALS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the treatment of oil seeds, legumes and cereals for the purpose of obtaining fiber. The subject matter of the process according to the invention is the production of dietary fibers, principally from the processing residues of an OEI and / or protein extraction and from mustard by-products. The processing residues arising from whole-fruit processing of oilseeds, legumes and cereals as well as husks of these raw materials, cereal bran or seedlings are subjected to enzymatic degradation. The action of proteases, amylases, lipases or else phytases may be combined with a thermal or extractive digest. {Fibrous extraction; Enzymatic action; Processing residues in cooking oil extraction; Cereal bran; Cereal seedlings; enzymatic digestion}

Description

Field of application of the invention

The invention relates to an ancestor for the treatment of oil seed, legumes and corollion, preferably soybeans and wheat, in the form of Vorarboitungsrückständon an oil and / or protein recovery sowio Mühlonnobonprodukten for the purpose of obtaining fiber for diouterymotion.

The main application gobo of the invention is the dietetic sector, especially the use of the preparations in the preparation of foods enriched in indigestible carbohydrates or reduced in digestible lipids.

Characteristic of the known technical solutions

Dietary fiber in the form of unverduullchor polysaccharides orlangon recently associated with special dietary fats boi oinor series of Zlvilisatlonrkrankhoiton, such as constipation, postprandialo Hyporglucosömio, Hyporcholosteroiämio, obesity, Artorlosklorose and diabetes mellitus, olno increasing importance. However, their use is limited by the raw material abundance of anti-nutritive stocks, especially gluten, phytic acid, Trypsin-Inhlbitoren, Alkalolden and Glucosinolaton.

The international market offers a range of fiber preparations based on processed products of cereals, root crops, vegetables, fruits and legumes. This applies, for example, to the preparations FIBREX from extracted sugar beet cuttings and FiBRIM from peeled and defatted soybean flakes. These are characterized by a high content of cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin, wherein the total amount of indigestible cell wall polymers is about 70%. Kommeiziull be vorforgbar are also on the one hand so-called functional fiber products, which in addition to the above compounds still contain considerable amounts of starch and digestible polysaccharides.

Prototype of such a food additive is, for example, NUTRIO P-FIBER from peeled peas, whose content of true fiber is only 47% and which consists of 36% starch. On the other hand, dietary fiber foods such as BRANY are commercially available with a specific dietary effect. This is a hydrothermally digested bran preparation enriched with active ingredients and trace elements, with a fiber content of 27%. The recovery of fiber ws legumes is usually carried out by extraction or mechanical separation of digestible components, so that they usually contain not more than 10% of residual proteins and 1% of residual lipids.

Object of the invention

The object of the invention is the development and utilization of hitherto insufficient for a recovery of fiber used, but easily accessible sources of raw materials in the form of dome and by-products of whole fruit processing of oilseeds, legumes and cereals as dietary and functional LebonsmittolzusaUstoffo. The invention is therefore based on the object of demonstrating process conditions that lead to an accumulation of indigestible polysaccharides in the processing residues of oil and / or protein recovery from oilseeds, legume seeds and mill by-products, preferably soybeans and wheat, with simultaneous improved elimination of anti-nutritional components.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

The extraction of fiber from polysaccharide-rich raw materials based on oilseeds, legumes and especially

According to the invention, the processing residues and / or peels resulting from oil seeds, leguminous crops and cereal ions as co-products of oil and / or protein extraction and the grain bran and / or seedlings resulting from mill by-products are produced by successive or simultaneous degradation of unwanted components with proteases, if appropriate also Amylases, lipases and phytases and their mixtures in combination with a thermal and / or extractive digestion.

As has been found, are in the process of whole fruit processing as co-products, previously used mainly as additives in animal or human nutrition residues of an oil and protein extraction of

Oilseeds, legumes and cereals, as well as resulting in a peeling of the seeds mill byproducts because of a related enrichment of indigestible polysaccharides a predestined source of raw material for obtaining nutritionally valuable and application technology interesting fiber preparations.

According to the invention, further concentration can easily be achieved by targeted enzymatic degradation of residual proteins, starches and lipids, the selection of the enzyme complex depending on the content of the raw materials and the field of application of the final products and proving advantageous for specific fields of use.

Accordingly, proteolytic degradation is the method of choice for treating defatted naturally high protein by-products of the processing of legume seeds, preferably soybeans. It takes place according to the invention by 1 to lOstündige incubation on solid-liquid ratios of 1 to 1 to 1 to 10, temperatures of 30 to 70 ⁰ C and pH values from 3.5 to 8.0 adjusted by means of raw materials unspozifischor endo- and exopeptidasone, preferably from Bacillus subtilis.

Amylolytic degradation, on the other hand, is indicated for treatment by nature of high-grade co-products of the processing of leguminosonsamone, preferably bean beans. It is performed by incubation of the 1- to 5'jtündige, on a solids Flüsslgkoits ratios of 1: 1 to 1 m 10, temperatures of 50 to 70 ° C and pH values of 4.8 to 7.0 adjusted raw materials mittols amylases preferably from Bacillus subtilis.

The lipolytic degradation stoht in the foreground for a treatment of nature from rolativ fatty coproducts of the processing of Leguminosonsamon, preferably Lupinon. It is Orfindungsgomäß by 1- to Bstündigo incubation dor solid-liquid conditions of 1 to 1 to 1 to 10, Tomporaturen of 30 to 5O ⁰ C and pH values from 7.0 to 9.0 adjusted raw materials Mitteis Lipason, preferably from Rhizopus japonicus.

The Phytinsäuroabbau is again advantageous in oiner treatment of nature phytinsäuroreicher Kuppolprodukto the processing of Cerealionkelmen and Klolon, preferably of corn. It occurs orfindungsgomäß by 1 - to ßstündigo incubation of ⁰ C and pH values of 2.0 to 6.0 adjusted raw materials mittols phytases vorzu on Foststoff-FIUssigkoits-Vorhältnisso of 1 to 1 to 1 to 10, temperatures of 30 to 6O 'jswolso from Asporgillus nigor.

Dor use of mixing enzymes proves especially necessary for application of the dietary fiber preparation to dom dietitone-based tincture. Dos relates in particular to raw materials containing gluton and phytate, such as coroalion, but also to those with a high content of digestible carbohydrates, such as Ackorbohnon, or Vorzohr in certain cases, eg. B. Diobotos mellitus and celiac disease, is limited or prohibited.

Enzyme concentrations and incubation time naturally depend on claboi from the α horn of the enzyme activity, the substrate potential and the optimum effect; In addition, the enzyme inhibitor status of the raw materials acts as a variable influencing factor.

Leetoroma is ororgungsgomäß accounted for by the raw materials gogebont nyd before the onzymatischon degradation of a thermal treatment by heating, bolsplolswolso damping, boiling oc extrusion to temperatures a 100 "C for the purpose of inactivation of enzyme inhibitors have been subjected.

Further, as has been found, an aqueous re-extraction of the enzymatically digested raw materials at temperatures proves solid-liquid ratios of 1: 5 to 1 to 10, from 40 to 9O ⁰ C and pH values from 8.0 to 10.0 not only expedient with regard to a further concentration of fiber, but also favorable with respect to an improvement of the sensory and funk'ionellon properties of the final products.

Finally, it has been found that can be further processed into enzymatic and / or starch hydrolysates after the enzymatic degradation and the thermal and / or extractive digestion in a separation or filtration incurred in addition to the insoluble fiber soluble extractives, wherein a direct drying, as well as a Separation using ultrafiltration or ion exchangers is possible

 The invention will be explained with reference to the following embodiments.

Ausführungsbeispielo

example 1

1! <G of an extraction residue resulting from defatted unpeeled soybeans in the recovery of protein isolate is mashed after 5 minutes of attenuation with an amount of water and boi 4O ⁰ C and pH 6.0 with 0.1% of a neutral protease of Bacillus subtilis over 10 Hydrolyzed for hours. The fermented mash is separated, and the residue is re-extracted with 5 times the amount of water, based on the mass of the raw material used. The insoluble fiber obtained after re-separation is spray-dried. The combined aqueous phases are "deproteinized" via an anion exchange resin based on aromatic amines and recycled into the extraction cycle. "The final products obtained are about 0.80 kg of a fiber preparation and about 0.20 kg of a protein hydrolyzate, the former having a total fiber content of approx. 70%, is rich in soluble Hemicell and free of trypsin inhibitors and digestible carbohydrates (Table 1).

Example 2

1 kg of a resulting in the recovery of protein isolate from peeled field beans prewashed extraction residue is slurried with the 4-fold amount of water and heated to 90 ⁰ C for 15 minutes. The mash is successively hydrolyzed with 0.1% each of an amylase from Bacillus subtilis and an acidic protease from Bacillus subtilis at pH's of 4.0 each and temperatures of 60 and 30 ° C for 4 hours, respectively.

The fermented mash is filtered and the residue with 10 times the amount of water, based on the mass of the raw material used, re-extracted. The resulting after re-filtration of fiber, as well as the combined aqueous phases were vortex-dried.

The final product is about 0.85 kg of a fiber preparation and about 0.15 kg of a protein-starch hydrolyzate. The former has a total fiber content of about 80%, is rich in insoluble homicelluloses and nearly free of digestible carbohydrates (Table 1).

Example 3

1 kg of an extraction residue resulting from unpeeled peas in the recovery of protein isolate is mixed with 7 times the amount of water. The mash is hydrolyzed with 1% of an alkaline protease from Thormoactinomyces vulgaris at pH 8.0 and 70 ° C for 1 hour. The fermented mash is heated under pressure for 10 seconds at 140 ° C and separated. The residue is back-extracted with 3 times the amount of water, boiled to the mass of the raw material used. The fibers which are obtained after renewed separation are freeze-dried, the combined aqueous phases are concentrated by ultrafiltration on cellulose acetate membranes and likewise freeze-dried.

As final products wordon receive about 0.90 kg of a dietary fiber preparation and about 0.1 kg of a protein-starch hydrolyzate mixture.

The former has a total fiber content of about 87%, is rich in insoluble hemicelluloses and almost free of digestible carbohydrates (Table 1).

Example 4

1 kg of a boi extraction of protolnisolate resulting from lupins extraction residue is mashed with the Sfachon amount of water. The mash is hydrolyzed simultaneously with 1.0% of a mixture of proteases, amylasone and lipases from pancreatic juice at pH 7.5 and 40 ° C for 5 hours.

The resulting after separation fibers are then spray-dried. From the aqueous phase free fatty acids are abgotronnt after Ansäuorn by separation, and the dissolved extractives were concentrated under vacuum.

As final products wordon receive approx. 0.8kg oinos fiber preparations, approx. 0.05kg of a lipid hydrolyzate and approx. 0.15kg of a protoin hydrolyzate.

Erstores has a total fiber content of about 85% and is almost free of alkali (Table 2).

Example 5

1 kg of a boi dor Gowinnung of oil from double quality rape rosultierondon extraction residue is mashed with the 10'achon mongo 3% saline solution. Dio mash is hydrolyzed with 0.5% pepsin from gastric juice boi pH 2.0 and 30 ⁰ C over 3 hours. DIo after separation resulting fibers with dor 3fachon amount of 50% ethanol gowaschon and solvontlsiort, the aqueous Phaeo is spray-dried. As final products wordon receive approx. 0,6kg of a fiber priiparatos and approx. 0,35kg olnos protol hydrolyzatos. The former has a Gosamtgohalt of fiber of about 75% and is free of glucosinolaton and agluconone (Table 2).

Example 6

1 kg in the recovery of starch from corn resulting germs is mashed with 2 times the amount of water. The mash is successively hydrolyzed with yes 0.2% papain and FINASE at pH 8.0 and 60 ⁰ C and pH 6.0 and 60 ° C for 5 hours. The corn is heated for 10 minutes at 100 ⁰ C and separated, the separation residue washed with 3 times the amount of water.

The final products obtained are about 0.45 kg of a lipid concentrate and about 0.15 kg of a protein hydrolyzate.

The former has a total fiber content of about 78% and is free of phytic acid (Table 2).

Example 7

1 kg of bran resulting from the extraction of flour from wheat is moistened with 2 times the amount of water. The wet product is hydrolyzed with 1% pancreatin at pH 7.5 and 4O ⁰ C for 1 hour and roller dried.

The final product is about 1 kg of a fiber preparation.

This has a Gesimtgehalt of fiber of about 75% and is free of proteins (Table 2).

Examples

1 kg of bran resulting from rye flour is moistened with the same amount of water. The moist product is hydrolyzed with 0.1% trypsin from Pankreassafl at pH 8.0 and 35 ⁰ C for 12 hours and extruded. The final product is about 1 kg of a fiber preparation.

This has a total fiber content of about 75% and is free of proteins (Table 2).

Table 1

Chemical composition according to Example 1 to 3 obtained fiber preparations and their raw materials

Soybean F Broad bean F edible pea lupine F rape F corn germ F wheat bran F. F Roggonkleie F R 70.2 R 79.8 R R R R R 86.9 R 56.2 12.3 78.3 5.3 77.7 85.1 75.9 78.4 75.9 9.9 74.7 10.7 38.2 6.1 9.4 8.7 48.8 2.4 50.6 16.2 35.4 1.6 46.3 0 8.8 59.6 0 Total dietary fiber% 35.2 14.1 9.0 59.4 10.4 46.9 0 43.0 - 15.2 3.9 16.2 1.2 60.7 19.8 13.0 Cellulose% 4.9 5.6 £ 8.0 5.7 52.2 0.9 0.1 - 0.8 4.6 4 ,!) 16.5 1.0 7.5 15.6 1.2 5.4 15.8 6.2 4.6 6.4 3.0 1.5 1.0 6.0 45.1 0 1.0 4.8 1.1 1.3 6.1 Hemicellulose, soluble% 32.1 0.9 18.8 0.8 11.8 1.8 - 6.6 0 4.2 - 4.9 - 0.7 6.3 - Hemicellulose, insoluble% 1.0 3.1 0.8 1.4 0.8 - 0.4 - - 2.0 - Pectin% 6.9 _ 2.3 0 2.9 0 Protein% _ 2.9 4.1 lipid% 0 0 0 Ash% 47 5.1 4.5 Strength % trypsin inhibitor Activity mg / g R = raw material Chemical composition according to Example 4 to 8 fiber preparations obtained and their raw materials F - Final product Table 2 total dietary material % Protein% Strength % lipid% phytate% Aglucon%

R = raw material F = final product

Claims (9)

1. A method for the treatment of oilseeds, legumes and cereals for the purpose of obtaining fiber, preferably based on soybeans and wheat in the course of a Ganzfruchtverarbeitung of the raw materials by hydrolysis including heating and extraction, characterized in that in an all-fruit processing of oilseeds, legumes and cereals as coproducts of an oil and / or protein extraction resulting processing residues and / or shells as mill by-products resulting cereal bran and / or seedlings an enzymatic degradation by means of a protease and amylases, optionally also lipases and / or phytases containing enzyme complex, optionally also in combination be subjected to a thermal and / or extractive digestion. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the proteolytic degradation by 1- to 10-hour incubation of the solid-to-liquid ratios of 1 to 1 to 1 to 10, temperatures of 30 to 6O ⁰ C and pH values of 3.0 raw materials adjusted to 8.0 by means of non-specific endo- and exopeptidases, preferably from Bacillus subtilis. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the amylolytic degradation by 1-5 hours incubation of the solid-liquid ratios of 1 to 1 to 1 to 10, temperatures of 40 to 80 ⁰ C and pH values of 4, 0 to 7.0 set raw materials by means of amylases, preferably from Bacillus subtilis performed. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lipolytic degradation by 1-5 hours incubation of the solid-to-liquid ratios of 1 to 1 to 1 to 10, temperatures of 30 to 40 ⁰ C and pH values of 7, 0 to 9.0 adjusted raw materials by means of lipases, preferably from Rhizopus japonicus performed. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Phytinsäureabbau by 1- to 5-hour incubation of the solid-liquid ratios of 1 to 1 to 1 to 10, temperatures of 30 to 60 ⁰ C and pH values of 2.0 to 6.0 set raw materials using phytases, preferably from Aspergillus niger performed. 6. The method according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the enzymatic ^ degradation of proteins, starches, lipids and phytases in the raw materials is successively odor carried out simultaneously. 7. The method according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that the enzymatically treated raw materials optionally an aqueous subsequent extraction at solids-to-liquid ratios of 1 to 5 to 1 to 10, temperatures of 40 to 9O ⁰ C and pH values of 8, 0 to 10.0 are subjected. 8. The method according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that the raw materials are optionally subjected to heating before or after the enzymatic degradation to temperatures> 100 ⁰ C. 9. The method according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that optionally obtained from the enzymatic degradation and the separative or filtrative separation of the insoluble components extracts protein and / or starch hydrolysates.