DD286832A5 - PROCESS AND ARRANGEMENT FOR SECURING BOOKS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for securing Boeschungen and can be used in construction and in Gruenanlagen- and Freiflaechengestaltung. The erfindaesze arrangement is suitable for straight and curved Boeschungsverlaeufe. Prefabricated concrete, ceramic or plastic elements can be used. According to the invention, the solution is achieved by arranging individual elements in the form of planting element and ground anchors, by their special construction, intermeshing in form-locking manner and, depending on the radius of curvature, by a special method. Fig. 3 {building; Green plant and free space design; Boeschungssicherung; rectilinear or curved boeschungsfuehrung; Drywall; Prefabrication elements; Concrete elements; Ceramic elements; Planting element; ground anchor}

Description

For this 6 pages drawings

Field of application of the invention

The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for securing embankments, which can be used in construction, preferably in housing and community building and in the green area and open space design, for building and planting as a drywall.

Characteristics of the known prior art

There are embankment stones with and without anchoring in the soil bokannt.

üemäß DE-OS 3344974 a embankment stone with two cavities (planting) is known, which can be laid mortarless by convex and concave outer contours. Due to the outer contours, a positive connection is achieved to secure the position. As an additional safeguard anchoring the embankment stones is achieved by hanging a geo-textile network in the ground.

Disadvantage of this solution are the relatively high weight of a stone and the elaborate anchoring by means of Geo-Textilnatz under the aspect dor Handmontasge. The geo-textile net is looped around the planter provided with a wider rear wall of a stone to avoid a "sliding away" of the stones, due to the outer contour.Furthermore, it is disadvantageous that in this arrangement, a foundation for placing the embankment stones is necessary and, due to the construction of the stone, only a straight offset staggering, possibly even with a slight outer curvature (large radius) is possible For internal curved radii of this stone is design-related unsuitable The method described in this disclosure Skh is suitable only for subsequently filled soil Likewise, an apparatus for producing plantable embankments according to DE-OS 3247030 is known, which uses hollow-cylindrical embankment stones which have recesses distributed over the circumference at the underside for spreading over nd just rows of stones placed in a straight line; Depending on the size of the recesses a slight curvature (large radius) is still possible. The larger the recesses are formed on the underside, the more unstable the whole device becomes when considering the embankment pressure. In this respect, the recesses represent only one year to secure the position. Furthermore, the frictional connection between the shaped bricks mentioned in the description must be doubted, since, as the penetration of z. As rainwater, loose soil, plants or roots, the non-positive connection between the stones is repealed and a "sliding away" can occur.

Furthermore, according to DE-OS 2809892 a embankment block is known which has at least two axially parallel juxtaposed hollow cylinder and achieved by means of concave / convex curved outer contours a positive connection in the system. To further secure this arrangement can optionally be inserted in the space between the respective stone ground anchor.

The disadvantage of this solution is the relatively high weight of Formstoines under the aspect of hand assembly, the high risk of breakage due to the complicated geometry (breaking points), the need for a foundation and the only straight staggered rows, possibly even with slight curvature (large outer radius) the arrangement. For internal curved radion, this stone is by design unsuitable.

In summary, it is estimated that the embankment stones arranged in a multi-layered arrangement are suitable only for straight alignments, possibly with slight large external curvatures. For internally curved slopes and curved outside slopes with a small radius, the solutions mentioned are unsuitable due to their construction. Furthermore foundations are usually required, and the weight of the individual elements is high in terms of hand assembly.

Object of the invention

It is an object of the invention to achieve a more economical use of materials of concrete, stoneware, ceramics or plastic, while saving labor and energy during manufacture and when erecting the slope protection. Furthermore, a universal use of the arrangement is to be achieved by adaptation to the topography.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

The object dor invention is to develop a method and a plantable arrangement for securing slopes, which does not require a foundation, a simple and secure anchoring in the soil causes, in multi-staggered construction on the well-known linear arrangements also optimally to the prevailing terrain form ( Topography) adapts and allows internal and external curvatures for special small Radionführungen, the individual elements have a low weight under the aspect of manual assembly.

According to the invention the object is achieved in that the method for securing slopes individual elements in the form of planting element and ground anchor used. These individual elements are, starting in the lower layer, alternately lined up, with a stable surface is required. In case of unsustainable ground a light banquet has to be created beforehand. A plant for the first layer in the form of paving stones, pavement, etc., is advantageous.

In the subsequent subsequent layers, the individual elements are also alternately strung together, but in each other position by the distance L = 1.25 from the outer radius of the planting element, laterally offset, built. In this case, the distance L don amount of middle planting element to center ground anchor within the arrangement is. Regardless of a straight, curved inside or outward embankment guide, starting from the lower layer, in each additional layer, the individual elements by the amount of 0.5 χ The outer radius of the planting element is offset to the rear in the direction of the slope.

Thus, the front (round) part of the planting element facing the visible side becomes free for planting.

The ground anchors are placed with their claws in the soil. Depending on the topography (rectilinear or curved embankment), the corresponding system width of the ground anchor must be selected during laying.

In straight embankment, the ground anchor with its system width of 0.5 χ outer radius of the planting element is inserted to the visible side in each layer next to the planting element.

In the case of an externally curved slope, in the upper layers with a radius of 2: 7.5 χ outer radius of planting moment, which is £ 6 times the distance L, next to the planting anchor, the ground anchor with its system width is <0.5 to> 0.25 x outer radius of the planting element inserted to the visible side. In the underlying layers with a radius> 10 χ outer radius of the planting element, which corresponds to> 8 times the distance L, next to the planting element dei ground anchor with its system width 0.5 χ outer radius of the plant memorial is moved to the visible side.

In the case of the inside curved slope, the outer radius of the planting moment in the lower layers with a radius> 7.5 χ of the planting element next to the planting element of the ground anchor with its system width <0.5 to> 0.25 χ outer radius of the planting element is inserted to the visible side. In the subsequent layers with a radius> 10 χ outer radius of the planting element is in addition to the plant element dor ground anchor inserted with its Sysiembreite of 0.5 x outer radius of the planting element to the visible side.

In the middle layers with internal or AuGenkrümmung with radii of> 8.5 to <10 χ outer radius of the planting element can in addition to dom planting element ground anchor with system width <0.5 to> 0.25 or 0.5 χ outer radius of the planting element optional be inserted to the visible side.

The arrangement for securing embankments is characterized in that it consists of the individual elements planting element and ground anchor.

A planting element is thereby h 'cylindrical and flattened on its rear wall. It has a height that corresponds to the outer radius of the Pfianzelementes. At the top of the planting element, a stop is present, which occupies an angle of 90 90 "to 150 150 °, based on the circumference of the planting element.

An earth anchor is rod-shaped and has a height ώ of the height of the planting element and a length s 2 from the outer radius of the planting element. Its two head ends have a convex curvature, which correspond to the outer radius of the planting element, based on two points of intersection, which are located on the axis of symmetry of the ground anchor.

Concave curvatures are arranged laterally at these head ends, which correspond to the outer radius of the planting element and whose circular arc sector = 0.1 to 0.25 of the circumference of the planting element.

At one head end of the ground anchor has a system width of 0.5 χ the outer radius of the planting element, based on the system line. A.) the other head end has the ground anchor e '> system width of <0.5 to> 0.25 χ the outer radius of the planting element, based on the system curve.

The concave curvatures of the ground anchor have four edges. In this case, three edges are formed by the vertices of the circular arc sector with the plane. The fourth edge is offset by a defined distance to the plane. This distance results from the radius of the system curve. At a further defined distance, the intersection point (system curve with symmetry axis) is offset on the symmetry axis. Depending on the system pulp <0.5 to> 0.25 χ the outer radius of the planting element, the two mentioned distances are in a ratio of approximately 1: 1.

At the head ends, the ground anchor has a claw on each side, which has a height of £ 0.33 χ of the height of the ground anchor.

Between the claws a recess is centrally located on the bottom, which corresponds to approximately 1.0 x the outer diameter of the planting element.

The interaction with an arrangement is achieved by the individual elements in a form-fitting interlocking in the system line or system curve are do via the circumference of the planting element and the concave curvatures with arc sector of the ground anchor.

About the Formschlui in the direction of effect of the embankment pressure planting element and ground anchor are held by friction in their position.

Curvature with inner or outer radii are achieved by turning the plant element and ground anchor (similar to a ball joint) while maintaining the positive connection.

With the solution according to the invention, slope stabilizers can be created which optimally adapt to the topography as a result of the universal construction. By observing the process steps during the erection, the soil can be filled in layers immediately and backfilled, thus making a professional compaction of the hopper filling and a planting of the planting elements.

Due to the design of the ground anchor, the invention also allows a multi-layered construction with inner or outer curvature with a specially small radius guide.

The present solution allows easy and safe anchoring in the ground.

It is characterized by a favorable weight of the individual elements and is therefore particularly suitable for manual assembly.

Slide arrangement for slope protection represents a detachable connection. The individual elements can be loosened and reused as often as required.

embodiments

The solution according to the invention will be explained in more detail in three embodiments. Show

Fig. 1: a planting element

Fig. 2: a ground anchor

3: a geradlinip ~ arrangement

4 shows an externally curved arrangement

Fig. 5: a innengekrümmte arrangement

Fig. 6: a cross section of the arrangement

Fig. 7: a view of the arrangement

Example 1: Arrangement with external curvature

Example 2: Arrangement with rectilinear slope guidance

Example 3: Arrangement with internal curvature.

example 1

It is to create a plantable arrangement for securing slopes according to the invention solution with an outer curvature and a height of 2000mm. In the lower layer the radius is R, = 2000mm.

There are hollow cylindrical plant elements 1 with an outer radius R ₁ = 200mm and an inner radius R ₂ = 155mm, based on the center M ₁ , used, which are flattened on its rear wall. Slide height H, the Pflnnzelemento 1 is 200mm, and at the top of a stopper 3 at an angle α = 120 ³ and an increase of 10 mm in front arranged.

The rod-shaped ground anchors 4 have a height H ₂ of 195 mm and a length Y of 450 mm. The head ends 7; 8 have a convex curvature corresponding to the outer radius R ₁ . At the head end 7, the ground anchors 4 have a system width 5 of 100mm, and at the head end 8, the system width is 6 = 65mm. The laterally arranged concave curvatures of

Ground anchors 4 correspond to the outer radius Ri of 200mm, wherein the circular arc sector is b = 0.15 of the circumference U of the plant element 1. In this example, the arc sector b is »189mm. At the concave curvatures of the Erdanke: 4 are the edges E, to E ₄ . The edges E ₁ to E ₃ are formed by the vertices of the circular arc sector b with the plane. The edge E ₄ is offset by the distance e = 15mm to the plane. Due to the distance e, the distance f is also 15mm. The distance f is the amount of displacement of the point of intersection S ₂ on the axis of symmetry ^ y ,.

The distances e: f are thus in the ratio 1: 1.

At the head ends 7; 8 claws 9 are mounted on the underside, which have a height Hj of 60 mm. Each ground anchor 4 has on its underside a recess A of 20 mm, which is arranged centrally between the claws 9 Starting from a solid ground to fix the lower (1st) position a system with radius R ₁ of about 2000mm in the form of plaster 10 is introduced , Thereafter, following the radius, the first layer is built by the planting elements 1 and ground anchor 4 are alternately strung together and over the circumference U and the concave curvatures with its circular arc sector b interlocking interlocking in the system line Xi ~ X | are arranged.

Here, in the 1st to 5th position next to the planting element of the ground anchor 4 is inserted with a Systembroite 5 = 100mm to the visible side of the arrangement. In the now following 6th and 7th position next to the planting element 1 of the ground anchor 4 is inserted with a system width 5 = 100mm or a system width 6 - 65 mm to the visible side of the arrangement. In the '8th, 9th and 10th positions, now only the ground anchor 4 with a system width 6 = 65 mm is inserted next to the planting element 1 to the Sic> side of the arrangement. At low embankment pressure, the 10th layer can be formed as embankment crown by the planting elements 1 are loosely strung together without ground anchor 4.

The achieved slope protection arrangement has in the upper (10th) position a height of 2000mm at a radius R, = 1 500mm, which corresponds to a distance L = 6. (The distance L is the amount of middle planting element 1 to center ground anchor 4.)

Beginning in the 1st layer, the individual elements are laterally offset by the amount of 250 mm in each additional layer (2 to 10). This corresponds to the distance L - 1.25 χ 200mm (outer radius R ₁ ). In the direction of the center of radius R, at the same time, the individual elements in each layer are offset by the amount of 100 mm (0.5 outer radius R ₁ ). As a result, the front - pointing to the visible side, round - part of the planting elements 1 is free and can be planted after pre-filling.

Example 2

It is to create a plantable slope protection according to the erfir.dungsgemäßen solution for a straight embankment guide with a height of 1400 mm.

As in the first example, planting elements 1 and ground anchors 4 are used as individual elements with the same dimensions. With a total height of the arrangement of 1400mm, the individual elements are arranged at a height Hi of 200mm in 7 layers alternately form-fitting and straight lined in the systom line Xi-Xi lined up.

The claws 9 are thereby hammered into the soil. About the outer radius Ri each plant element 1 and the laterally disposed concave curvatures on the ground anchor 4 of the positive locking is achieved. The ground anchors 4 are inserted with the system width 5 χ 100mm to the visible side.

Starting from the lower layer, the individual elements are offset laterally by 250mm in each additional (2nd to 7th) layer. This amount results from the distance L = 1.25 x 200mm (outer radius Ri).

In the direction of slope, the individual elements, starting from the lower layer, are displaced by the amount of 100 mm (0.5 x outer radius R 1) in each additional layer. As a result, the front, pointing to the visible side of the planting elements 1 is exposed and can be planted after backfilling as additional slope protection.

Example 3

It is a bepflanzbp.re embankment statement after the inventive solution with an internal curvature to create. The height should be 1000mm and the inner radius R; should be 1500mm in the lower layer.

There are, as in the first example, planting elements 1 and ground anchor 4 used with the same dimensions. With the outer radius R ₁ of 200mm, the radius R ₁ of 1500mm (lower layer) corresponds to the distance L = 6.

At an overall height of 1000mm, planting elements 1 and ground anchors 4 in 5 layers are arranged alternately in a form-fitting manner in the system curve X2-X2, wherein the ground anchors are hammered into the Erdroich. Starting from the lower layer, the individual elements are laterally offset by the amount of 250 mm in joder further (2nd to 5th) position, which corresponds to the distance L = 1.25 x 200 mm (outer radius R ₁ ).

Starting in the lower layer dsr ground anchor 4 is inserted with dor system width 6 = 65mm in the layers 1 to 3 next to the planting element 1 to the visible side of the arrangement. Analogous to the I. example, each ground anchor 4 has a distance and f of 15mrTi if. These distances 0; For the purpose of achieving the curvature of the system curve X2-X2, the displacement of the plant elements 1 in the fourth position which follows is due to the steadily increasing inner radius R; the ground anchor alternately inserted with the system widths 6 = 65 mm and 5 = 100mm next to the planting element 1 to the visible side. In the final 5th position of the ground anchor 4 is inserted only with the system width 5 = 100 mm next to the planting moment 1 to the visible side.

In the present example, the radius Ri -? 000mm is in the upper layer, which corresponds to a distance L = 8.

In the opposite direction to the center of radius R; the individual elements are in any position vrn the amount of 100mm (0.5 χ outer radius Ri) was added.

As a result, as in the previous examples, the front part of the planting elements 1 pointing to the visible side is exposed and can be planted like a drywall after filling.

Claims (3)

1. A method for securing slopes, characterized in that a planting element (1) and a ground anchor (4), starting in the lower layer, alternately strung together, in each further position at a distance (L) = 1.25 x outer radius ( R ₁ ) of the planting element (1) laterally and by an amount of 0.5 x outer radius (R ₁ ) offset in the direction of slope to the rear, the claws (9) of the ground anchor (4) are anchored in the ground and rectilinear Slope in each position next to the planting element (1) of the ground anchor (4) with its system width (5), which corresponds to 0.5 x outer radius (R ₁ ) is inserted to the visible side, with externally curved slope in the upper layers with a radius ( R _a ) ä7.5 x outer radius (Ri), which corresponds to the distance (L) = 6, next to the planting element (1) of the ground anchor (4) with its system width (6), which <0.5 to> 0.25 Outside radius (R ₁ ) is inserted to the visible side and in the underlying layers with a radius (R _a )> 10 χ outer radius (R ₁ ), which corresponds to the distance (L) = 8, next to the planting element (1) of the ground anchor (4) with its system width (5) is inserted to the visible side and inwardly curved slope in the lower layers with a radius (R,) £ 7.5 x outer radius (R ₁ ) next to the planting element (1) of the ground anchor (4) inserted with its system width (6) to the visible side and in the subsequent layers with a radius (Rj)> 10 x outer radius (R ₁ ) next to the planting element (1) of the ground anchor (4) with its system width (5) is inserted to the visible side. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the middle layers with radius (R _a ) or (Rj) of> 8.5 to <10 χ outer radius (R ₁ ) in addition to the planting element (1) of the ground anchor (4 ) with system width (5) or system width (6) to the visible side. 3. Arrangement for securing slopes, characterized in that it consists of the individual elements planting element (1) and ground anchor (4), wherein a planting element (1), which is hollow cylindrical and flattened on its rear wall (2) sine height (H ₁₎ which corresponds to the outer radius (R ₁₎ of the plant element (1), a stop (at its top 3), dereinen angle (α) of S 90 to ti 150 °, relative to the Kreisuinfang (U) of the Planting element (1), and assumes a stabirörmiger ground anchor (4) having a height (H ₂ ) ^ of the height (Hi) and a length (Y)> 2 x outer radius (R ₁ ), at its convex top ends (7; 8) has laterally concave curvatures corresponding to the outer radius (R ₁ ) and the circular arc sector (b) = 0.10 IMs 0.25 of the circumference (U), so that the edges (E ₁ to E ₃ ) in one Lie plane and the edge (E4) by the distance (e) to this plane offset the intersection (S ₂ ) by the distance (f) on the Symmetry axis (Y ₁ -Y ₁ ) is offset, wherein the distances (e; f) have approximately the ratio 1: 1, and that the ground anchor (4) at the head end 7 in the system axis (X ₁ -X ₁ ) a system width (5) of 0.5 χ outer radius (R _:) and at the head end (8 ) in the system curve (x ₂ -x ₂ ) has a system width (6) of <0.5 to> 0.25 x outer radius (R ₁ ), wherein at these head ends (7; 8) on each side a claw (9) with a height (H ₃ ) <0.33 x the height (H ₂ ) and a central recess (A) about 1 x outer radius (R ₁ ) are located, positively over the circumference (U) of the planting element (1) and the concave curvatures are arranged with circular arc sector (b) of the ground anchor (4) interlocking in the system line (X ₁ -X) and system curve (x ₂ -x ₂ ).