DD286604A5 - METHOD FOR THE HYDROGENATION OF COAL AND / OR HEAVY OIL - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the hydrogenation, in which finely ground, predried coal and optionally catalyst mixed with mash oil or Schweroel, optionally mixed with catalyst, brought to pressure and heated to the temperature necessary for the reaction and hydrogenated in one or more Reaktionsraeumen. According to the invention, after the last reaction space and before the first separator, the temperature of the bottoms phase reaction product is lowered by preferably from indirect cooling by 20 to 150 K. In this case, part of the gases and depressions contained in the bottoms phase reaction product is condensed out. Gas and vapor-free remaining parts pass without pressure relief in a Festbettraffination, liquid and solid fractions accumulate in the bottom of the Heiszabscheiders and the vacuum distillation zuzufuehrt. The vacuum distillate may be used as a mash oil and / or refinery feed.

Description

This sludge is withdrawn from the hot separator, relaxed and under vacuum a solid-liquid separation

subjected. It has been shown that due to the higher proportion of oil in the sludge, which results in a lower solids content and thus also a lower catalyst concentration, the processing in a vacuum distillation in terms of

Avoidance of disinfested deposits has improved, ultimately leading to a higher time availability of Vacuum distillation leads. In order to use the high temperature level of the sump phase reaction product for the heat balance of the hydrogenation, has

it proved to be favorable, the cooling of the sump phase reaction product in the heat exchange nr.it one in the

Hydrierprozeß to be used medium, such as hydrogenation hydrogen to perform. The condensed as a result of lowering the temperature by 20 to 150Kzum part of the middle oils fall old in the vacuum distillation

separate boiling fraction and are fed to the refining.

Eo has been shown that minimizes the amount of heavy oil in the product to be refined by the reaction of the invention

which has a positive effect on the fixed bed raffinates with respect to the desulfurization and denitrification effects of

Catalyst expresses. This leads to quality improvements in the refined light and medium oils in terms of Residual sulfur and nitrogen content. Furthermore, the temperature reduction of the bottoms phase reaction product causes a rapid reaction termination. The

cooled product passes into the hot separator and is decomposed into a gaseous and a liquid fraction at lower temperatures compared to known processes, due to these lower temperatures in the bottom of the

Heißabscheiders the usual coking reactions do not expire and consequently the high susceptibility of the Hot separator is substantially reduced. Also for the sump phase dehydrogenation of heavy oil, such as petroleum refining and / or coal refinement,

is the reaction of the invention with a partial condensation before the first separator advantageous.

We! '- «rhir, the amount of target product and the mash oil can be adjusted as required by the choice of the condensation temperature. In this case, a high target yield results in a lower accumulation of mash oil and vice versa. At relatively low condensation temperatures larger amounts of heavy oil and thereby mainly the

high boiling, carbonization-prone, and catalyst-damaging heavy oil constituents are condensed out, ultimately leading to high refining product quality.

Furthermore, by the selected condensation temperature, the ratio of oil components to solids in the hot separator

certainly. As a result, an optimal solids concentration in the Abschlammaufbereitung is adjustable.

Ausf3hrungsbel "plel Based on e.nes example and a drawing solution of the invention will be explained in more detail. Ground and dried brown coal 1 is mixed together with catalyst 2 and mash oil 3 to form a coal slurry. From a corresponding reservoir 4, the mash is brought to a pressure of 30 MPa with a slurry tube 5. To Addition of 42% of the hydrogen hydrogen 6 required at the inlet of the bottom phase reactor 8 takes place in a pre-heater 7 Heating to 693K and after feeding the remaining 58% already heated hydrogenation 6 the feed in

the swamp phase reactor 8. Here, the conversion of coal to oils and öläähnlichen products. At the outlet of the reactor 8, the reaction product has a temperature of 733K and thus reaches a downstream heat exchanger 9. Here, with 58% of the hydrogenation gas 6 required at the outlet of the reactor 8, the reaction product is cooled to 653 K, the hydrogenating hydrogen being 6 heated to the light-off temperature of 693 K and the mash to be hydrogenated before

Sumpfphasereaktor 8 is added. The partially condensed mixture enters the hot separator 10 for phase separation. The over head escaping vapors and Gases 11, after feeding a Mittolölfrdktion 19 from the vacuum flash distillation at a temperature of 633K

into the fixed bed catalyst refining reactor 12. Here, sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen components are split off from the oils.

The product emerging from the refining reactor is cooled in a condenser 13 and in the cold separator 14 in recycle gas

15 and oil profit 16 separated. The recycle gas 15 is purified and reused together with fresh hydrogen as Hydrogenwasserstoff6 in the sump phase. The oil profit 16 is worked up by distillation into the target products gasoline, diesel oil and heating oil.

The iiti bottom of the hot separator 10 resulting solid-liquid mixture 17 is in a vacuum flash column 18th

relaxed. The top product of this distillation is a middle oil fraction 19 and is leaving the hot separator 10

Product flow 11 pumped by means of pump 20. As a further fraction falls heavy oil 21, which is used together with a part of foreign heavy oil as Anmaischöl 3. As the bottom of the vacuum flash column falls a solid granules 22, consisting of ash, catalyst, unreacted coal

and asphalt-like oils, which becomes guest for hydrogenation.

Claims (3)

1. A process for the hydrogenation of coal and / or heavy oil, either finely ground, predried coal, optionally catalyst, mixed with mash oil or heavy oil, such as residues of petroleum processing and / or coal upgrading, gsgebenenfalls mixed with catalyst, brought to pressure on the for Heated necessary reaction temperature and is hydrogenated in one or more reaction chambers and in one or more separators, a solid-liquid separation, characterized in that after the last reaction space urfd before the first separator, the sump phase reaction product is cooled by heat transfer by 20 to 150 K, and that preferably a medium to be used in the hydrogenation process is heated. 2. The method according to item 1, characterized in that the indirect cooling is effected by heat transfer between the bottoms phase reaction product and hydrogen hydrogen. 3. The method according to item 1, characterized in that the Heißabscheidullumpfull is distilled under vacuum and the resulting distillates, preferably middle oils, optionally without heating together with the head de? the first separator withdrawn gases and vapors, optionally after passing through another separator, a catalytic fixed bed refining are fed. For this 1 page drawing field of use The invention relates to a process for the hydrogenation of coal and / or heavy oil, in which a Kohlc oil-catalyst suspension is treated in the presence of hydrogen and a separation of the Reautionsgemisches takes place in fractions. Characteristic of the known technical solutions Known manner for the hydrogenation of coal, the finely ground, vorgRtried Kohls and optionally catalyst mixed with mash oil, brought to Druok, heated to the temperature necessary for the reaction and hydrogenated in one or more reaction chambers and separated in a subsequent hot separator into solid and liquid components. Also, heavy oil is, if necessary, after addition of catalyst gebo eight, heated and processed analogously. It is also known that dai; leaving the reaction space bottom phase reaction product in a Realunionsraum downstream hot separator in gaseous and vaporous products which are further fractionated and hydrogenated, and in a liquid heavy oil containing asphalts ie and solids such as unreacted coal, mineral constituents of the coal and optionally catalyst becomes. The product obtained in the sump of the separator, referred to as Abschlammes by Zenmolekularo proportion of the sludge despite lowering of the Tomperatur by means of injected hydrogen chloride to coking in Heißabscheidersumpf. It is due to a recombination of the high molecular weight constituents and to the relatively low hydrogen partial pressure. With the addition of cold gas to the reaction product of the bottom phase, the temperature is reduced according to the amount of cold gas. Consequently, the use of heat at the high temperature level of the sump phase chamber is no longer possible. Γίθί of the invention The aim of the invention is an improved, effective process for the hydrogenation of coal and / or heavy oil, in which the availability of individual apparatuses and VerfahrensstuTen is increased, an improved heat utilization takes place and a higher quality of the refined light and medium oils achieved and a asphaltenfreios Anmaischöl in sufficient Quantity is received. Explanation of the essence of the invention The invention has for its object to develop an ancestor for the hydrogenation of coal and / or heavy oil, which is carried out by suitable reaction an eflektive heat, the coking tendency in the bottom of the Heißabscheiders and subsequent units is met and at the same time a high flexibility of the process in terms and quality of the target products, the mash oil and the solids content in the sludge is achieved. This object is achieved by a method for the hydrogenation of coal and / or heavy oil by between the last reaction space and before the first separator, the sump phase reaction product by heat transfer to 20 to 150K, preferably 30 to 100K, is cooled in eimim heat exchanger, wherein at least one Part of the gases contained in the reaction mixture and vapors of a partial condensation. This condenses mainly the fuming heavy oil components, which remain with the asphaltenes, with the unreacted coal, the mineral constituents of the coal and optionally with catalyst in the bottom of the hot separator, said hot separator bottoms product is referred to as a so-called sludge.